<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000107140-19-000026.txt : 20190701
<SEC-HEADER>0000107140-19-000026.hdr.sgml : 20190701
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20190701143741
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000107140-19-000026
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	10-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		123
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20190430
FILED AS OF DATE:		20190701
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20190701

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			WILEY JOHN & SONS, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000107140
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	BOOKS: PUBLISHING OR PUBLISHING AND PRINTING [2731]
		IRS NUMBER:				135593032
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NY
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0430

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		10-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-11507
		FILM NUMBER:		19932748

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		111 RIVER STREET
		CITY:			HOBOKEN
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07030
		BUSINESS PHONE:		2017486000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		111 RIVER STREET
		CITY:			HOBOKEN
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07030

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	WILEY JOHN & SONS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14pt;">UNITED STATES</div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Washington, DC&#160; 20549</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">FORM 10-K</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(Mark One)</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9746;</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
        EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For the fiscal year ended:&#160; April 30, 2019</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">OR</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
        SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For the transition period from _________ to _________</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Commission file number&#160;&#160;&#160;001-11507</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 24pt; font-weight: bold;">JOHN WILEY &amp; SONS, INC.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">NEW YORK</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13-5593032</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">I.R.S. Employer Identification No.</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">07030</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Address of principal executive offices</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Zip Code</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;(201) 748-6000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;Registrant&#8217;s telephone number including area code</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

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          <td style="width: 44.1%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Title of each class</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.11%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 36.11%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Name of each exchange on which registered</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.02%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 17.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Trading Symbol</font></div>
          </td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 44.1%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class A Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.11%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 36.11%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">New York Stock Exchange</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.02%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 17.66%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">JW.A</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 44.1%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class B Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.11%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 36.11%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">New York Stock Exchange</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.02%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 17.66%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">JW.B</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

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    <div><br>
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          <td style="width: 25.87%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 50.16%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 23.96%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 25.87%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 50.16%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">None</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 23.96%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.&#160; Yes <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9746;</font>&#160;&#160; No <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Yes <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</font>&#160;&#160; No <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI
          Symbol';">&#9746;</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
        Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.&#160; Yes <font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9746;</font>&#160;&#160; No <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted
        pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (&#167;232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).&#160; Yes <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI
          Symbol';">&#9746;</font>&#160;&#160; No <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (&#167;229.405 of this chapter) is not contained
        herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant&#8217;s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. <font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller
        reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Large accelerated filer&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9746;</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accelerated filer&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Non-accelerated filer&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Smaller reporting company&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Emerging growth company&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the
          registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
          'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).&#160;&#160; Yes <font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9744;</font>&#160; &#160; No <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol';">&#9746;</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing price as of the
        last business day of the registrant&#8217;s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, October 31, 2018, was approximately $2,465 million. The registrant has no non-voting common stock.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The number of shares outstanding of the registrant&#8217;s Class A and Class B Common Stock as of May 31, 2019 was 47,499,550 and 9,132,133
        respectively.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Portions of the registrant&#8217;s definitive proxy statement for use in connection with its annual meeting of stockholders scheduled to be held on
        September 26, 2019, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.</font></div>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:bca85576-efa0-47bc-83c7-b8bf42b60757">
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">JOHN WILEY &amp; SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">FORM 10-K</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED APRIL 30, 2019</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="INDEX"><!--Anchor--></a>INDEX</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z6e5f14a1c6f742509c62e4f3fdfe3c48">

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          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">PART I</font></font></u></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">PAGE</font></u></div>
          </td>
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          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item1.Business"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 1.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Business</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item1A.RiskFactors"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 1A.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Risk Factors</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item1B.UnresolvedStaffCom"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 1B.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Unresolved Staff Comments</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">17</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item2.Properties"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 2.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Properties</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item3.LegalProceedings"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 3.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Legal Proceedings</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item4.MineSafetyDisclosur"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 4</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Mine Safety Disclosures</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#InformationAboutOurExecut"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Information About Our Executive Officers</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">19</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">PART II</font></font></u></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item5."><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 5.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">20</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item6"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 6.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Selected Financial Data</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">20</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item7."><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 7.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">22</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item7A."><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 7A.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">42</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item8."><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 8.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Financial Statements and Supplementary Data</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">44</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item9."><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 9.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">92</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item9A."><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 9A.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Controls and Procedures</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">92</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item9B"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 9B.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other Information</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">92</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">PART III</font></font></u></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item10."><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 10.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">93</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item11."><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 11.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Executive Compensation</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">93</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item12."><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 12.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">93</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item13."><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 13.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">94</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item14."><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 14.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Principal Accounting Fees and Services&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">94</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">PART IV</font></font></u></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item15."><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 15.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">95</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#Item16."><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ITEM 16.</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Form 10-K Summary</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;96</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#SIGNATURES"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">SIGNATURES</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 80%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 6%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">2</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <br>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements &#8220;Safe Harbor&#8221; Statement under the Private Securities Litigation
        Reform Act of 1995:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This report contains &#8220;forward-looking statements&#8221; within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation
        Reform Act of 1995 concerning our business, consolidated financial condition and results of operations. The Securities and Exchange Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;) encourages companies to disclose forward-looking information so that investors can better
        understand a company&#8217;s prospects and make informed investment decisions. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from these
        statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by such words as &#8220;anticipates,&#8221; &#8220;believes,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;assumes,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;estimates,&#8221; &#8220;expects,&#8221; &#8220;intends,&#8221;
        &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;seek,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;will&#8221; and similar references to future periods. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report regarding our strategies, prospects, financial condition, operations, costs,
        plans and objectives are forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding our fiscal year 2020 outlook, anticipated restructuring charges and savings, operations, performance,
        and financial condition.&#160;Reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements, as actual results may differ materially from those in any forward-looking statements.&#160;Any such forward-looking statements are based upon many assumptions and
        estimates that are inherently subject to uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, and are subject to change based on many important factors. Such factors include, but are not limited to (i) the level of investment in
        new technologies and products; (ii) subscriber renewal rates for our journals; (iii) the financial stability and liquidity of journal subscription agents; (iv) the consolidation of book wholesalers and retail accounts; (v) the market position and
        financial stability of key retailers; (vi) the seasonal nature of our educational business and the impact of the used book market; (vii) worldwide economic and political conditions; (viii) our ability to protect our copyrights and other
        intellectual property worldwide; (ix) our ability to successfully integrate acquired operations and realize expected opportunities; (x) achievement of targeted run rate savings through restructuring activities; and (xi) other factors detailed from
        time to time in our filings with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Please refer to Part I, Item 1A, &#8220;Risk Factors,&#8221; of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for important factors that we believe could cause actual
        results to differ materially from those in our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We
        undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-GAAP Financial Measures:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We present financial information that conforms to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (&#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;). We
        also present financial information that does not conform to U.S. GAAP, which we refer to as non-GAAP.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In this report, we may present the following non-GAAP performance measures:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div style="margin-left: 27pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;<font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Adjusted Earnings Per Share &#8220;(Adjusted
              EPS)&#8221;;</font>&#160;</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div style="margin-left: 27pt;">&#8226;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Free Cash Flow less Product Development
          Spending;</font>&#160;</div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div style="margin-left: 27pt;">&#8226;<font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Adjusted Revenue;</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div style="margin-left: 27pt;">&#8226;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Adjusted Operating Income and margin;</font>&#160;</div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div style="margin-left: 27pt;">&#8226;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Adjusted Contribution to Profit and margin;</font>&#160;</div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div style="margin-left: 27pt;">&#8226;<font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA; and</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div style="margin-left: 27pt;">&#8226;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Results on a constant currency basis.</font>&#160;</div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Management uses these non-GAAP performance measures as supplemental indicators of our operating performance and financial position as well
        for internal reporting and forecasting purposes, when publicly providing its outlook, to evaluate our performance and calculate incentive compensation. We present these non-GAAP performance measures in addition to U.S. GAAP financial results
        because we believe that these non-GAAP performance measures provide useful information to certain investors and financial analysts for operational trends and comparisons over time. The use of these non-GAAP performance measures may also provide a
        consistent basis to evaluate operating profitability and performance trends by excluding items that we do not consider to be controllable activities for this purpose.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">For example:</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
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                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Adjusted EPS, Adjusted Revenue, Adjusted Operating Profit, Adjusted Contribution to Profit, and Adjusted EBITDA provide a more comparable basis to analyze our
                    operating results and earnings over time and are measures commonly used by shareholders to measure our performance.</font></div>
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          </font></div>
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                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending helps assess our ability, over the long term, to create value for our shareholders as it represents cash
                    available to repay debt, pay common stock dividends and fund share repurchases and acquisitions.</font></div>
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                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Results on a constant currency basis removes distortion from the effects of foreign currency movements to provide better comparability of our business trends
                    from period to period. We measure our performance before the impact of foreign currency (or at &#8220;constant currency&#8221;), which means that we apply the same foreign currency exchange rates for the current and equivalent prior period.</font></div>
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      </font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In addition, we have historically provided these or similar non-GAAP performance measures and understand that some investors and financial
        analysts find this information helpful in analyzing our operating margins, and net income and comparing our financial performance to that of our peer companies and competitors. Based on interactions with investors, we also believe that our non-GAAP
        performance measures are regarded as useful to our investors as supplemental to our U.S. GAAP financial results, and that there is no confusion regarding the adjustments or our operating performance to our investors due to the comprehensive nature
        of our disclosures. We have not provided our 2020 outlook for the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures, as they are not available without unreasonable effort due to the high variability, complexity, and low visibility with respect
        to certain items, including restructuring charges and credits, gains and losses on foreign currency, and other gains and losses. These items are uncertain, depend on various factors, and could be material to our consolidated results computed in
        accordance with U.S. GAAP.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Non-GAAP performance measures do not have standardized meanings prescribed by U.S. GAAP and therefore may not be comparable to the
        calculation of similar measures used by other companies and should not be viewed as alternatives to measures of financial results under U.S. GAAP. The adjusted metrics have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation
        from or as a substitute for U.S. GAAP information. It does not purport to represent any similarly titled U.S. GAAP information and is not an indicator of our performance under U.S. GAAP. Non-U.S. GAAP financial metrics that we present may not be
        comparable with similarly titled measures used by others. Investors are cautioned against placing undue reliance on these non-U.S. GAAP measures.</font></div>
    <div><br>
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  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:fc849165-61d8-4cef-a92d-36b3a94b9a4a">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">PART I</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Item 1. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Business<a name="Item1.Business"><!--Anchor--></a></font></div>
        </div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Company, founded in 1807, was incorporated in the state of New York on January 15, 1904. Throughout this report, when we refer to
        &#8220;Wiley,&#8221; the &#8220;Company,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;our,&#8221; or &#8220;us,&#8221; we are referring to John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. and all of our subsidiaries, except where the context indicates otherwise.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Please refer to Part II, Item 8, &#8220;Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,&#8221; for financial information about the Company and its
        subsidiaries, which is incorporated herein by reference. Also, when we cross reference to a &#8220;Note,&#8221; we are referring to our &#8220;Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements,&#8221; unless the context indicates otherwise.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are a global research and learning company. Through the Research segment, we provide scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly
        journals, as well as related content and services, to academic, corporate, and government libraries, learned societies, and individual researchers and other professionals. The Publishing segment provides scientific, professional, and education
        books and related content in print and digital formats, as well as test preparation services and course workflow tools, to libraries, corporations, students, professionals, and researchers.&#160; The Solutions segment provides online program management
        services for higher education institutions and learning, development, and assessment services for businesses and professionals. Our operations are primarily located in the United States (&#8220;U.S.&#8221;), United Kingdom (&#8220;U.K.&#8221;), Germany, Russia, Singapore,
        and France.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Business growth strategies include driving pricing and volume growth from existing journal and book brands and titles, as well as learning
        services related to education and professional development, the development of new journal titles or through publishing partnerships, technology and content acquisitions which complement our existing businesses, designing and implementing new
        methods of delivering products to our customers, and the development of new products and services.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Business Segments</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We report our segment information in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting
        Standards Codification Topic 280, &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221; (&#8220;FASB ASC Topic 280&#8221;).&#160;Our segment reporting structure consists of three reportable segments, which are listed below, and a Corporate category:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
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          <div style="margin-left: 27pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;<font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Research;</font>&#160;</div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;">
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          <div style="margin-left: 27pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;<font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Publishing; and</font>&#160;</div>
        </div>
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          <div style="margin-left: 27pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;<font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Solutions</font>&#160;</div>
        </div>
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          </font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Research:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research&#8217;s mission is to support researchers, professionals and learners in the discovery and use of research knowledge to help them achieve
        their goals in research, learning and practice.&#160; Research provides scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, as well as related content and services, to academic, corporate, and government libraries, learned societies, and individual
        researchers and other professionals. Journal publishing areas include the physical sciences and engineering, health sciences, social sciences and humanities and life sciences. Research also includes Atypon Systems, Inc. (&#8220;Atypon&#8221;), a publishing
        software and service provider that enables scholarly and professional societies and publishers to deliver, host, enhance, market, and manage their content on the web through the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif; font-style: italic;">Literatum </font>platform.&#160;</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research&#8217;s customers include academic, corporate, government, and public libraries, funders of research, researchers, scientists, clinicians,
        engineers and technologists, scholarly and professional societies, and students and professors. Research&#8217;s products are sold and distributed globally in digital and print formats through multiple channels, including research libraries and library
        consortia, independent subscription agents, direct sales to professional society members, and other customers. Publishing centers include Australia, China, Germany, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Research&#8217;s revenue accounted for
        approximately 52% of our consolidated revenue in the year ended April 30, 2019.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research&#8217;s major products are: Journal Subscriptions, Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other, Open Access and Publishing Technology
        Services (Atypon). The graphs below present Research revenue by product type for the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> <br>
      </font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><img width="708" height="185" src="image00008.jpg"></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> <br>
      </font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Key growth strategies for the Research business include evolving and developing new licensing models for our institutional customers,
        developing new open access products and revenue streams, focusing resources on high-growth and emerging markets, and developing new digital products, services, and workflow solutions to meet the needs of researchers, authors, societies, and
        corporate customers.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Journal Subscriptions</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We publish approximately 1,700 academic research journals. We sell journal subscriptions<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
          Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>directly through our sales representatives, indirectly through independent subscription agents, through promotional campaigns, and through memberships in professional societies for those journals
        that are sponsored by societies. Journal subscriptions, making up approximately 37% of our consolidated 2019 total company revenue, are primarily licensed through contracts for digital content available online through <font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Wiley Online Library</font>, which we migrated to our <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Literatum </font>platform
        in March 2018, acquired as part of our purchase of Atypon. Contracts are negotiated by us directly with customers or their subscription agents. Subscription periods typically cover calendar years. Print journals are generally mailed to subscribers
        directly from independent printers.&#160;We do not own or manage printing facilities.&#160;Subscription revenue is generally collected in advance.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Approximately 50% of Journal Subscription revenue is derived from publishing rights owned by us. Publishing alliances also play a major role
        in Research&#8217;s success. Approximately 50% of Journal Subscription revenue is derived from publication rights that are owned by professional societies and published by us pursuant to a long-term contract (generally 5&#8211;10 years) or owned jointly with a
        professional society. These society alliances bring mutual benefit, with the societies gaining Wiley&#8217;s publishing, marketing, sales, and distribution expertise, while Wiley benefits from being affiliated with prestigious societies and their
        members. Societies that sponsor or own such journals generally receive a royalty and/or other financial consideration. We may procure editorial services from such societies on a pre-negotiated fee basis. We also enter into agreements with outside
        independent editors of journals that define the duties of the editors and the fees and expenses for their services. Contributors of articles to our journal portfolio transfer publication rights to us or a professional society, as applicable. We
        publish the journals of many prestigious societies, including the American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, the British Journal of Surgery Society, the European Molecular Biology Organization, the American Anthropological
        Association, the American Geophysical Union, and the German Chemical Society.</font></div>
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          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">5</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Literatum</font>, our online publishing
        platform for our Research segment, delivers integrated access to over 7 million articles from 1,700 journals, as well as 19,000 online books and hundreds of multi-volume reference works, laboratory protocols and databases. <font style="font-size:
          10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Wiley Online Library, </font>which is delivered through our <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Literatum</font>
        platform, provides the user with intuitive navigation, enhanced discoverability, expanded functionality, and a range of personalization options. Access to abstracts is free and full content is accessible through licensing agreements or as
        individual article purchases. Large portions of the content are provided free or at nominal cost to nations in the developing world through partnerships with certain non-profit organizations. Our online publishing platforms provide revenue growth
        opportunities through new applications and business models, online advertising, deeper market penetration, and individual sales and pay-per-view options. The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
          italic;">Literatum </font>platform hosts over 40% of the world&#8217;s English language journals.</font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In 2018, Wiley saw an increase in impact factors across more than half of its indexed titles. An Impact Factor is an industry measure of the
        importance of a journal within its field and is determined based on the number of citations received by the journal, from other journals. According to the 2017 Journal Citation Reports (&#8220;JCR&#8221;), re-released in October 2018 by Clarivate Analytics,
        58% of Wiley journals increased their impact factor between 2016 and 2017.&#160; Wiley had 1,221 journals indexed (72% of the Wiley portfolio), with 13 Wiley titles receiving their first impact factor in this year&#8217;s JCR release. In addition, 25 Wiley
        journals achieved a top-category rank, including <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">CA:A Cancer Journal for Clinicians</font> (Impact Factor of 244.585, ranked #1 in Oncology), <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">World Psychiatry</font> (Impact Factor of 30.000, ranked #1 in Psychiatry &#8211; the first Social Sciences title to reach an Impact Factor of 30) and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle </font>(Impact Factor of 12.511, ranked #1 in Geriatrics &amp; Gerontology).&#160;The Clarivate Analytics index is a
        barometer of journal influence across the research community.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>includes




        advertising, backfile sales, the licensing of publishing rights, journal and article reprints, and individual article sales.&#160;We generate advertising revenue from print and online journal subscription products, our online publishing platform, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Literatum, </font>online events such as webinars and virtual conferences, community interest Web sites such as s<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
          'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">pectroscopyNOW.com,</font> and other Web sites.&#160; A backfile<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>license provides access to a
        historical collection of Wiley journals, generally for a one-time fee.&#160;We also engage with international publishers and receive licensing revenue from photocopies, reproductions, translations, and other digital uses of our content.&#160;Journal and
        article reprints<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>are primarily used by pharmaceutical companies and other industries for marketing and promotional purposes.&#160;Through the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Article Select</font> and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">PayPerView</font> programs, we
        provide fee-based access to non-subscribed journal articles, content, book chapters, and major reference work articles. The Research business is also a provider of content and services in evidence-based medicine (&#8220;EBM&#8221;). Through our alliance with
        The Cochrane Collaboration, we publish <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">The Cochrane Library</font>, a premier source of high-quality independent evidence to inform healthcare
        decision-making. EBM facilitates the effective management of patients through clinical expertise informed by best practice evidence that is derived from medical literature.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Open Access</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Under the Author-Funded<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>Access
        business model, accepted research articles are published subject to payment of Article Publication Charges ("APCs"). All Author-Funded articles are immediately free to access online. Contributors of Author-Funded Access articles retain many rights
        and typically license their work under terms that permit re-use.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Author-Funded Access offers authors choices in how to share and disseminate their work, and it serves the needs of researchers who may be
        required by their research funder to make articles freely accessible without embargo. APCs are typically paid by the individual author or by the author&#8217;s funder, and payments are often mediated by the author&#8217;s institution. We provide specific
        workflows and infrastructure to authors, funders, and institutions to support the requirements of the Author-Funded Access model.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We offer two Open Access publishing models. The first of these is <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif; font-style: italic;">Hybrid Open Access </font>where, upon payment of an APC, authors publishing in the majority of our paid subscription journals are offered, after article acceptance, the opportunity to make their individual research
        article openly available through the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">OnlineOpen </font>service.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The second offering of the Open Access model is a growing portfolio of fully open access journals, also known as <font style="font-size:
          10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Gold Open Access Journals</font>, in which all accepted articles are published subject to receipt of an APC. All Open Access articles are subject to the same rigorous
        peer-review process applied to our subscription-based journals. As with our subscription portfolio, a number of the Gold Open Access Journals are published under contract for, or in partnership with, prestigious societies, including the American
        Geophysical Union, the American Heart Association, the European Molecular Biology Organization and the British Ecological Society. The Open Access portfolio spans life, physical, medical and social sciences and includes a choice of high impact
        journals and broad-scope titles that offer a responsive, author-centered service.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In January 2019, Wiley announced a new contractual arrangement in support of Open Access, a countrywide partnership agreement with Projekt
        DEAL, a representative of nearly 700 academic institutions in Germany. This transformative three-year agreement provides all Projekt DEAL institutions with access to read Wiley&#8217;s academic journals back to the year 1997, and researchers at Projekt
        DEAL institutions can publish articles open access in Wiley&#8217;s journals. The partnership will better support institutions and researchers in advancing open science, driving discovery, and developing and disseminating knowledge. We are compensated
        primarily through a fee per article published.</font></div>
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">6</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon)</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Atypon is a publishing software and service provider that enables scholarly and professional societies and publishers to deliver, host, enhance,
        market, and manage their content on the web through the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Literatum</font> platform.&#160;</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Publishing:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our Publishing segment acquires, develops, and publishes scientific, professional and education books and related content, as well as test
        preparation services and course workflow tools, to libraries, corporations, students, professionals, and researchers. Communities served include business, finance, accounting, workplace learning, management, leadership, technology, behavioral
        health, engineering/ architecture, science and medicine, and education.&#160; Products are developed in print and digitally for worldwide distribution through multiple channels, including chain and online booksellers, libraries, colleges and
        universities, corporations, direct to consumer, Web sites, distributor networks and other online applications. Publishing centers include Australia, Germany, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Publishing accounted for approximately
        32% of our consolidated revenue in the year ended April 30, 2019.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing revenue by product type are: STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) and Professional Publishing, Education Publishing, Test
        Preparation and Certification, Courseware (WileyPLUS), and Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other. The graphs below present Publishing revenue by product type for the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><img width="709" height="204" src="image00015.jpg"></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Key growth strategies for the Publishing business include developing and acquiring products and services to drive corporate development and
        professional career development, developing leading brands and franchises, executing strategic acquisitions and partnerships, and innovating digital book formats while expanding their global discoverability and distribution. We continue to
        implement strategies to manage declines in print revenue through cost improvement initiatives and focusing our efforts on growing its digital lines of business.&#160;We are continuing to perform portfolio reviews and workforce realignment,
        restructuring, and operational excellence initiatives. In certain areas, we will explore new formats or promote digital-only, and in other areas, we may rationalize our portfolio.&#160;Our approach is to continue to realign our cost structure to help
        mitigate the market changes that are contributing to revenue decline, and to sharpen our focus on high performing areas and digital opportunities, while improving operating efficiency.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Publishing</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Book products accounted for approximately 24% of our consolidated fiscal year 2019 revenue.&#160;Categories include STM, Professional, and
        Education Publishing.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">STM books are sold and distributed globally in digital and print formats through multiple channels, including research libraries and library
        consortia, independent subscription agents, direct sales to professional society members, bookstores, online booksellers, and other customers.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Professional books, which include business and finance, technology, and other professional categories, as well as the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">For Dummies </font>brand, are sold to bookstores and online booksellers serving the general public, wholesalers who supply such bookstores, warehouse
        clubs, college bookstores, individual practitioners, industrial organizations and government agencies. We employ sales representatives who call upon independent bookstores, national and regional chain bookstores, and wholesalers. Sales of
        professional books also result from direct mail campaigns, telemarketing, online access, advertising, and reviews in periodicals.</font></div>
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          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">7</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education textbooks and related supplementary material and digital products are sold primarily to bookstores and online booksellers serving
        both for-profit and nonprofit educational institutions (primarily colleges and universities), and direct-to-students. We employ sales representatives who call on faculty responsible for selecting books to be used in courses, and on the bookstores
        that serve such institutions and their students. The textbook business is seasonal, with the majority of textbook sales occurring during the July-through- October and December-through-January periods. There are active used and rental print textbook
        markets, which adversely affect the sale of new textbooks. We are exploring opportunities to expand into the print rental market.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Book sales for STM, Professional and Education Publishing are generally made on a returnable basis with certain restrictions. We provide for
        estimated future returns on sales made during the year based on historical return experience and current market trends.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Materials for book publications are obtained from authors throughout most of the world, utilizing the efforts of an editorial staff, outside
        editorial advisors, and advisory boards. Most materials are originated by the authors themselves or as a result of suggestion or solicitations by editors and advisors. We enter into agreements with authors that state the terms and conditions under
        which the materials will be published, the name in which the copyright will be registered, the basis for any royalties, and other matters. Most of the authors are compensated with royalties, which vary depending on the nature of the product. We may
        make advance royalty payments against future royalties<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>to authors of certain publications. Royalty advances are reviewed for recoverability and a
        reserve for loss is maintained, if appropriate.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We continue to add new titles, revise existing titles, and discontinue the sale of others in the normal course of our business, and we also
        create adaptations of original content for specific markets based on customer demand. Our general practice is to revise our textbooks approximately every three years, if warranted, and to revise other titles as appropriate. Subscription-based
        products are updated on a more frequent basis.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We generally contract with independent printers and binderies globally for their services. Management believes that adequate printing and
        binding facilities and sources of paper and other required materials are available to it, and that it is not dependent upon any single supplier.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In fiscal year 2016, we entered into an agreement to outsource our US-based book distribution operations to Cengage Learning, with the
        continued aim of improving efficiency in our distribution activities and moving to a more variable cost model.&#160;As of April 30, 2019, we had one global warehousing and distribution facility remaining, which is in the United Kingdom.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We develop content in a digital format that can be used for both digital and print products, resulting in productivity and efficiency
        savings, and enabling print-on-demand delivery. Book content is available online through <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Wiley Online Library </font>(delivered through our<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> Literatum </font>platform), <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">WileyPLUS</font>, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Wiley</font>&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Custom Select,</font> and other proprietary
        platforms. Digital books are delivered to intermediaries, including Amazon, Apple, Google and Ingram/Vital-Source, for re-sale to individuals in various industry-standard formats, which are now the preferred deliverable for licensees of all types,
        including foreign language publishers. Digital books are also licensed to libraries through aggregators. Specialized formats for digital textbooks go to distributors servicing the academic market, and digital book collections are sold by
        subscription through independent third-party aggregators servicing distinct communities. Custom deliverables are provided to corporations, institutions, and associations to educate their employees, generate leads for their products, and extend
        their brands. Content from digital books is also used to create online articles, mobile apps, newsletters, and promotional collateral. This continual re-use of content improves margins, speeds delivery, and helps satisfy a wide range of customer
        needs. Our online presence not only enables us to deliver content online, but also to sell more books. The growth of online booksellers benefits us because they provide unlimited virtual &#8220;shelf space&#8221; for our entire backlist.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing alliances and franchise products are important to our strategy. Professional publishing alliance partners include the AICPA, the
        CFA Institute, ACT (American College Test), IEEE, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and many others.&#160; Education publishing alliance partners include Microsoft&#174;, Blackboard, Instructure, and the Culinary Institute of America. The ability to
        join Wiley&#8217;s product development, sales, marketing, distribution, and technology with a partner&#8217;s content, technology, and/or brand name has contributed to our success.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We also promote active and growing custom professional and education publishing programs. Our custom professional publications are used by
        professional organizations for internal promotional or incentive programs and include digital and print books written specifically for a customer and customizations of existing publications to include custom cover art, such as imprints, messages,
        and slogans. More specific are customized <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">For Dummies</font> publications, which leverage the power of this well-known brand to meet the specific
        information needs of a wide range of organizations around the world. Our custom education publishing program offers an array of tools and services designed to put the creation of customized content in instructors&#8217; hands to create high-quality,
        affordable education solutions tailored to meet individual classroom needs. Through <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Wiley Custom Select,</font> an online custom textbook system,
        instructors can build print and digital materials tailored to their specific course needs and add their own content to create a customized solution.</font></div>
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          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">8</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Courseware (WileyPLUS)</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We offer high-quality online learning solutions, including <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">WileyPLUS</font>, a research-based, online environment for effective teaching and learning that is integrated with a complete digital textbook. <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">WileyPLUS </font>improves student learning through instant feedback, personalized learning plans, and self-evaluation tools, as well as a full range of course-oriented activities, including online planning, presentations,
        study, homework, and testing. In selected courses, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">WileyPLUS</font> includes a personalized adaptive learning component, Orion, which is based on
        cognitive science. Orion helps to build student proficiency on topics while improving the effectiveness of their study time. It assists educators in identifying areas that need reinforcement and measures student engagement and proficiency
        throughout the course.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Test Preparation and Certification</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Test Preparation and Certification business represents learning solutions, training activities and print and digital formats that are
        delivered to customers directly through online digital delivery platforms, bookstores, online booksellers, and other customers.&#160; Products include CPAExcel, a modular, digital platform comprised of online self-study, videos, mobile apps, and
        sophisticated planning tools to help professionals prepare for the CPA exam, and test preparation products for the CFA&#174;, CMA, CIA&#174;, CMT&#174;, FRN&#174;, FINRA, Banking, and PMP&#174; exams.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Licensing, Distribution, Advertising, and Other</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing and distribution services are made available to other publishers under agency arrangements. We also engage in co-publishing titles
        with international publishers and receive licensing revenue from photocopies, reproductions, translations, and digital uses of our content. Wiley also realizes advertising revenue from branded Web sites (e.g<font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">., Dummies.com</font>, etc.) and online applications.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Solutions:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our Solutions segment provides online program management services for higher education institutions and learning, development, and assessment
        services for businesses and professionals.&#160;Key growth strategies include developing new products and services for existing university partners, increasing enrollments for online program management programs, signing new and prestigious university
        partners, and developing new digital learning solutions by integrating our professional assessment products and services with our Corporate Learning content and technology.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions revenue by product type are Education Services, Professional Assessment, and Corporate Learning. The graphs below present Solutions
        revenue by product type for the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><img width="708" height="177" src="image5.jpg"></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Education Services</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As student demand for online degree and certificate programs continues to increase, traditional institutions are partnering with online
        program management providers to develop and support these programs.&#160;Education Services include market research, marketing, student recruitment, enrollment support, proactive retention support, academic services to design courses, faculty support,
        and access to the Engage Learning Management System, which facilitates the online education experience. Graduate degree programs include Business Administration, Finance, Accounting, Healthcare, Engineering, Communications, and others.&#160;Revenue is
        derived from pre-negotiated contracts with institutions that provide for a share of tuition generated from students who enroll in a program. As of April 30, 2019, the legacy Education Services business had 39 university partners and 276 degree
        programs under contract.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">9</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On November 1, 2018, Wiley acquired </font>The Learning House,
        Inc. (&#8220;Learning House&#8221;) headquartered in Louisville (KY). Learning House provides online program management services including graduate and undergraduate programs; short courses, boot camps, and other skills training and credentialing for students
        and professionals; pathway services for international students<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">; </font>professional development services for teachers; and learning solutions for
        corporate clients.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Corporate Learning</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Corporate Learning business offers online learning and training solutions for global corporations, universities, and small and
        medium-sized enterprises, which are sold on a subscription or fee basis. Learning formats and modules on topics such as leadership development, value creation, client orientation, change management and corporate strategy are delivered on a
        cloud-based Learning Management System (&#8220;LMS&#8221;) platform that hosts over 20,000 content assets (videos, digital learning modules, written files, etc.) in 17 languages. Its Mohive offering also provides a collaborative e-learning publishing and
        program creation system.&#160;Revenue growth is derived from legacy markets, such as France, England, and other European markets, and newer markets, such as the U.S. and Brazil. In addition, content and LMS offerings are continuously refreshed and
        expanded to serve a wider variety of customer needs. These digital learning solutions are sold directly to corporate customers either direct or through our partners.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Professional Assessment</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our professional assessment services include pre-hire screening and post-hire personality assessments, which are delivered to business
        customers through online digital delivery platforms, either directly or through an authorized distributor network of independent consultants, trainers, and coaches. Wiley&#8217;s leadership assessment offerings also include Kouzes and Posner&#8217;s <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Leadership Practices Inventory&#174;</font> and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">The Five
          Behaviors of a Cohesive Team</font><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;"><font style="font-style: italic;">TM</font></sup>.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our assessment tools enable employers to optimize candidate selections and develop the full potential of their employees. These solutions
        include pre-hire assessments, including those designed to measure and match personality, knowledge, skills, managerial fit, loyalty, and values, and post-hire assessments, focused on measuring sales and managerial effectiveness, employee
        performance, and career potential.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Employees</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019, we employed approximately 5,700 persons on a full-time equivalent basis worldwide.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Financial Information About Business
            Segments</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The information set forth in Note 19, &#8220;Segment Information,&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and Item 7, &#8220;Management&#8217;s
        Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,&#8221; of this Form 10-K are incorporated herein by reference.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Available Information</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our Internet address is <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">www.wiley.com</font>.
        We make available, free of charge, on or through our website, our Annual Reports on Form&#160;10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form&#160;10-Q, Current Reports on Form&#160;8-K, and amendments to those reports that we file or furnish pursuant to Sections&#160;13(a) or 15(d)
        of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file these materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC. The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our
        website is not incorporated by reference into, and is not a part of, this Form 10-K.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
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          <div>Item 1A. <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">Risk Factors<a name="Item1A.RiskFactors"><!--Anchor--></a></font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">You should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this Form 10-K, including the following risk factors, before deciding to
        invest in any of our securities. The risks below are the most significant risks we face but are not the only risk factors we face. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we presently deem insignificant could impact our consolidated
        financial position and results of operations. Our business, consolidated financial position, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. The trading price of our securities could decline due to any of
        these risks, and investors in our securities may lose all or part of their investment.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">The trading price of the shares of our common stock may fluctuate materially, and investors of our common stock could
        incur substantial losses.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our stock price may fluctuate materially. The stock market in general has experienced significant volatility that has often been unrelated to
        the operating performance of companies. As a result of this volatility, investors may not be able to sell their common stock at or above the price paid for the shares. The market price for our common stock may be influenced by many factors,
        including:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">10</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="za94fc2a6437d4a348120fb82352cc78c" class="DSPFListTable">

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              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">actual or anticipated changes in our consolidated operating results;</font></div>
              </td>
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        </table>
      </div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z4198064afcb54141b452043a900bc2ba" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
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              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">&#8226;</td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">variances between actual consolidated operating results and the expectations of securities analysts, investors and the financial community;</font></div>
              </td>
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      </div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zc891b4def684408387974e6c1f3093c6" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
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              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">&#8226;</td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our stock<font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt;
                      font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">; </font></font></div>
              </td>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zc089a191ecd64feeb66330605bf9b39a" class="DSPFListTable">

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              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">&#8226;</td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">conditions or trends in our industry, the stock market or the economy;</font></div>
              </td>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zedd09f24aed24cb5b91f7290d08b1df9" class="DSPFListTable">

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              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">&#8226;</td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the level of demand for our stock, the stock market price and volume fluctuations of comparable companies<font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size:
                      10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">;</font></font></div>
              </td>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z4fd4109c8ba94ff28f7782c878228212" class="DSPFListTable">

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              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">&#8226;</td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">announcements by us or our competitors of new product or service offerings, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;</font></div>
              </td>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z0b32c08e6dea48edba18d641a7b8402b" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">&#8226;</td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">announcements of investigations or regulatory scrutiny of our operations or lawsuits filed against us<font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt;
                      font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">; </font></font></div>
              </td>
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      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z01adce0c250d40daac463e000d7d6d6e" class="DSPFListTable">

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              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">&#8226;</td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">capital commitments;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

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    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z87852223cc34453db4b9e824759e1710" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">&#8226;</td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">investors&#8217; general perception of the Company and our business<font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
                      serif;">;</font></font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z4fe7860dbc2c474a82092ecf44d9829a" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">&#8226;</td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">recruitment or departure of key personnel; and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z1a3c7d732c7f4267a29768d21ae45947" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">&#8226;</td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">sales of our common stock, including sales by our directors and officers or specific stockholders.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">If we are unable to introduce new technologies, products, and services, our ability to be profitable may be adversely
        affected.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We must continue to invest in technology and other innovations to adapt and add value to our products and services to remain competitive.
        This is particularly true in the current environment, where investment in new technology is ongoing and there are rapid changes in the products competitors are offering, the products our customers are seeking, and our sales and distribution
        channels.&#160;In some cases, investments will take the form of internal development; in others, they may take the form of an acquisition.&#160;There are uncertainties whenever developing or acquiring new products and services, and it is often possible that
        such new products and services may not be launched, or, if launched, may not be profitable or as profitable as existing products and services.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">The demand for digital and lower cost books could impact our sales volumes and pricing in an adverse way.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A common trend facing each of our businesses is the digitization of content and proliferation of distribution channels through the internet
        and other electronic means, which are replacing traditional print formats. The trend to digital content has also created contraction in the print book retail market which increases the risk of bankruptcy for certain retail customers, potentially
        leading to the disruption of short-term product supply to consumers, as well as potential bad debt write-offs.&#160;New distribution channels, such as digital formats, the internet, online retailers, and growing delivery platforms (e.g. tablets and
        e-readers), combined with the concentration of retailer power, present both risks and opportunities to our traditional publishing models, potentially impacting both sales volumes and pricing.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As the market has shifted to digital products, customer expectations for lower-priced products have increased due to customer awareness of
        reductions in production costs and the availability of free or low-cost digital content and products.&#160; As a result, there has been pressure to sell digital versions of products at prices below their print versions.&#160; Increased customer demand for
        lower prices could reduce our revenue.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We publish educational content for undergraduate, graduate, and advanced placement students, lifelong learners, and in Australia, for
        secondary school students. Due to growing student demand for less expensive textbooks, many college bookstores, online retailers and other entities offer used or rental textbooks to students at lower prices than new textbooks. The internet has made
        the used and rental textbook markets more efficient and has significantly increased student access to used and rental books.&#160; Further expansion of the used and rental book markets could further adversely affect our sales of print textbooks,
        subsequently affecting our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">A reduction in enrollment at colleges and universities could adversely affect the demand for our higher education
        products.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Enrollment in U.S. colleges and universities can be adversely affected by many factors, including changes in government and private student
        loan and grant programs, uncertainty about current and future economic conditions, increases in tuition, general decreases in family income and net worth, and a perception of uncertain job prospects for graduates. In addition, enrollment levels at
        colleges and universities outside the United States are influenced by global and local economic factors, local political conditions, and other factors that make predicting foreign enrollment levels difficult. Reductions in expected levels of
        enrollment at colleges and universities both within and outside the United States could adversely affect demand for our higher education products, which could adversely impact our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">11</font></div>
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">The competitive pressures we face in our business, as well as our ability to retain our business relationships with our
        authors and professional societies,<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> could adversely affect our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We operate in highly competitive markets. Success and continued growth depend greatly on developing new products and the means to deliver
        them in an environment of rapid technological change. Attracting new authors and professional societies while retaining our existing business relationships is critical to our success. If we are unable to retain our existing business relationships
        with authors and professional societies, this could have an adverse impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Our intellectual property rights may not be protected, which could adversely affect our consolidated financial position
        and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A substantial portion of our publications are protected by copyright, held either in our name, in the name of the author of the work, or in
        the name of a sponsoring professional society. Such copyrights protect our exclusive right to publish the work in many countries abroad for specified periods, in most cases, the author&#8217;s life plus 70 years, but in any event, a minimum of 50 years
        for works published after 1978. Our ability to continue to achieve our expected results depends, in part, upon our ability to protect our intellectual property rights. Our consolidated financial position and results of operations may be adversely
        affected by lack of legal and/or technological protections for its intellectual property in some jurisdictions and markets.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Adverse publicity could negatively impact our reputation, which could adversely affect our consolidated financial
        position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our professional customers worldwide rely upon many of our publications to perform their jobs. It is imperative that we consistently
        demonstrate our ability to maintain the integrity of the information included in our publications. Adverse publicity, whether valid or not, may reduce demand for our publications and adversely affect our consolidated financial position and results
        of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">In our journal publishing business we have a trade concentration and credit risk related to subscription agents, and in
        our book business the industry has a concentration of customers in national, regional, and online bookstore chains. Changes in the financial position and liquidity of our subscription agents and customers, could adversely impact our consolidated
        financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the journal publishing business, subscriptions are primarily sourced through journal subscription agents who, acting as agents for library
        customers, facilitate ordering by consolidating the subscription orders/billings of each subscriber with various publishers. Cash is generally collected in advance from subscribers by the subscription agents and is principally remitted to us
        between the months of December and April. Although at fiscal year-end we had minimal credit risk exposure to these agents, future calendar-year subscription receipts from these agents are highly dependent on their financial condition and liquidity.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Subscription agents account for approximately 20% of total annual consolidated revenue and one affiliated group of subscription agents
        accounts for approximately 10% of total annual consolidated revenue.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our book business is not dependent upon a single customer; however, the industry is concentrated in national, regional, and online bookstore
        chains. Although no one book customer accounts for more than 8% of total consolidated revenue and 11% of accounts receivable at April 30, 2019, the top 10 book customers account for approximately 13% of total consolidated revenue and approximately
        21% of accounts receivable at April 30, 2019. We maintain approximately $25 million of trade credit insurance, covering balances due from certain named customers, subject to certain limitations and annual renewal.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Changes in laws, tariffs, and regulations, including regulations related to open access, could adversely impact our
        consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We maintain operations in Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, and the United States. The conduct of our business, including the sourcing of
        content, distribution, sales, marketing, and advertising, is subject to various laws and regulations administered by governments around the world. Changes in laws, regulations, or government policies, including tax regulations and accounting
        standards, may adversely affect our future consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The scientific research publishing industry generates much of its revenue from paid customer subscriptions to online and print journal
        content. There is debate within government, academic, and library communities whether such journal content should be made available for free, immediately or following a period of embargo after publication, referred to as &#8220;open access,&#8221; For
        instance, certain governments and privately held funding bodies have implemented mandates that require journal articles derived from government-funded research to be made available to the public at no cost after an embargo period. Open access can
        be achieved in two ways: Green, which enables authors to publish articles in subscription based journals and self&#8211;archive the author accepted version of the article for free public use after an embargo period, and Gold, which enables authors to
        publish their articles in journals that provide immediate free access to the final version of the article on the publisher&#8217;s Web site, and elsewhere under permissive licensing terms, following payment of an APC. These mandates have the potential to
        put pressure on subscription-based publications. If such regulations are widely implemented, our consolidated financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected.</font></div>
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">12</font></div>
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">To date, the majority of governments that have taken a position on open access have favored the green model and have generally specified
        embargo periods of twelve months. The publishing community generally takes the view that this period should be sufficient to protect subscription revenues, provided that publishers&#8217; platforms offer sufficient added value to the article. Governments
        in Europe have been more supportive of the gold model, which thus far is generating incremental revenue for publishers with active open access programs. A number of European administrations are showing interest in a business model which combines
        the purchasing of subscription content with the purchase of open access publishing for authors in their country. This development removes an element of risk by fixing revenues from that market, provided that the terms, price, and rate of transition
        negotiated are acceptable.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">The uncertainty surrounding the implementation and effect of Brexit may cause increased economic volatility, affecting
        our operations and business.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In June 2016, voters in the U.K. approved an advisory referendum to withdraw from the European Union, commonly referred to as "Brexit." On
        March 29, 2017, the U.K. formally notified the European Council of the U.K.'s intention to withdraw from the European Union under Article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon. The notice began the two-year negotiation period to establish the withdrawal
        terms. The U.K.'s separation was to become effective on March 29, 2019. However, on April 12, 2019, the European Union agreed to an extension to October 31, 2019. A withdrawal without a trade agreement in place could significantly disrupt the free
        movement of goods, services, and people between the U.K. and the European Union, and result in increased legal and regulatory complexities, as well as potential higher costs of conducting business in Europe. Additional Brexit-related impacts on our
        business could include potential inventory shortages in the U.K., increased regulatory burdens and costs to comply with U.K.-specific regulations and higher transportation costs for our products coming into and out of the U.K. Further, the
        uncertainty surrounding the terms of the U.K.'s withdrawal and its consequences could adversely impact consumer and investor confidence and could affect sales or regulation of our products. Any of these effects, among others, could materially and
        adversely affect our business and consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">A disruption or loss of data sources could limit our collection and use of certain kinds of information, which could
        adversely impact our communication with our customers.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A number of our businesses rely extensively upon content and data from external sources. Data is obtained from public records, governmental
        authorities, customers and other information companies, including competitors. Legal regulations, such as the European Union&#8217;s General Data Protection Regulation (&#8220;GDPR&#8221;), relating to internet communications, privacy and data protection,
        e-commerce, information governance, and use of public records, are becoming more prevalent worldwide. The disruption or loss of data sources, either because of changes in the law or because data suppliers decide not to supply them, may impose
        limits on our collection and use of certain kinds of information about individuals and our ability to communicate such information effectively with our customers. In addition, GDPR imposes a strict data protection compliance regime with severe
        penalties of up to 4% of worldwide revenue or &#8364;20 million, whichever is greater.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">If we are unable to retain key employees and other personnel, our consolidated financial condition or results of
        operations may be adversely affected.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have a significant investment in our employees around the world. We offer competitive salaries and benefits in order to attract and retain
        the highly skilled workforce needed to sustain and develop new products and services required for growth. Employment and benefit costs are affected by competitive market conditions for qualified individuals, and factors such as healthcare and
        retirement benefit costs.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are highly dependent on the continued services of key employees who have in-depth market and business knowledge and/or key relationships
        with business partners. The loss of the services of key personnel for any reason and our inability to replace them with suitable candidates quickly or at all, as well as any negative market perception resulting from such loss, could have a material
        adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, and results of operation.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">We may not realize the anticipated cost savings and benefits from, or our business may be disrupted by, our business
        transformation and restructuring efforts.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We continue to transform our business from a traditional publishing model to a global provider of content-enabled solutions with a focus on
        digital products and services. The acquisitions of Deltak.edu, LLC (&#8220;Deltak&#8221;), Inscape Holdings, Inc. (&#8220;Inscape&#8221;), Profiles International (&#8220;Profiles&#8221;), CrossKnowledge Group Limited (&#8220;CrossKnowledge&#8221;), and The Learning House, Inc. (&#8220;Learning
        House&#8221;), comprise our Solutions reporting segment and, along with Atypon in our Research segment, represent examples of strategic initiatives that were implemented as part of our business transformation. We will continue to explore opportunities to
        develop new business models and enhance the efficiency of our organizational structure. The rapid pace and scope of change increases the risk that not all of our strategic initiatives will deliver the expected benefits within the anticipated
        timeframes. In addition, these efforts may somewhat disrupt our business activities, which could adversely affect our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
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          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">13</font></div>
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We continue to restructure and realign our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. Significant risks associated with
        these actions that may impair our ability to achieve the anticipated cost savings or that may disrupt our business include delays in the implementation of anticipated workforce reductions in highly regulated locations outside of the U.S., decreases
        in employee morale, the failure to meet operational targets due to the loss of key employees, and disruptions of third parties to whom we have outsourced business functions. In addition, our ability to achieve the anticipated cost savings and other
        benefits from these actions within the expected timeframe is subject to many estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions are subject to significant economic, competitive, and other uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control.
        If these estimates and assumptions are incorrect, if we experience delays, or if other unforeseen events occur, our business and consolidated financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">We may not realize the anticipated cost savings and processing efficiencies associated with the outsourcing of certain
        business processes.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have outsourced certain business functions, principally in technology, content management, printing, manufacturing, warehousing,
        fulfillment, distribution, returns processing, and certain other transactional processing functions, to third-party service providers to achieve cost savings, and efficiencies. If these third-party service providers do not perform effectively, we
        may not be able to achieve the anticipated cost savings, and depending on the function involved, we may experience business disruption or processing inefficiencies, all with potential adverse effects on our consolidated financial position and
        results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">We may be susceptible to information technology risks that may adversely impact our business, consolidated financial
        position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Information technology is a key part of our business strategy and operations. As a business strategy, Wiley&#8217;s technology enables us to
        provide customers with new and enhanced products and services and is critical to our success in migrating from print to digital business models. Information technology is also a fundamental component of all of our business processes, collecting and
        reporting business data, and communicating internally and externally with customers, suppliers, employees, and others.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our business is dependent on information technology systems to support our businesses. We provide internet-based products and services to our
        customers. We also use complex information technology systems and products to support our business activities, particularly in infrastructure, and as we move our products and services to an increasingly digital delivery platform.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We face technological risks associated with internet-based product and service delivery in our businesses, including with respect to
        information technology capability, reliability and security, enterprise resource planning, system implementations and upgrades. Failures of our information technology systems and products (including because of operational failure, natural disaster,
        computer virus, or hacker attacks) could interrupt the availability of our internet-based products and services, result in corruption or loss of data or breach in security, and result in liability or reputational damage to our brands and/or
        adversely impact our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Management has designed and implemented policies, processes and controls to mitigate risks of information technology failure and to provide
        security from unauthorized access to our systems. In addition, we have disaster recovery plans in place to maintain business continuity.&#160; The size and complexity of our information technology and information security systems, and those of our
        third-party vendors with whom we contract, make such systems potentially vulnerable to cyber-attacks common to most industries from inadvertent or intentional actions by employees, vendors, or malicious third parties. Such attacks are of
        ever-increasing levels of sophistication and are made by groups and individuals with a wide range of motives. While we have taken steps to address these risks, there can be no assurance that a system failure, disruption, or data security breach
        would not adversely affect our business and could have an adverse impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are continually improving and upgrading our computer systems and software.&#160;We are in the process of implementing a new global Enterprise
        Resource Planning (&#8220;ERP&#8221;) system as part of a multi-year plan to integrate and upgrade our operational and financial systems and processes. As of April 30, 2019, we have completed the implementation of record-to-report, purchase-to-pay, and several
        other business processes within all locations through fiscal year 2017. We completed the implementation of order-to-cash for certain businesses in May 2018 and may continue to roll out additional processes and functionality of the ERP system in
        phases in the foreseeable future. Implementation of a new ERP system involves risks and uncertainties. Any disruptions, delays, or deficiencies in the design or implementation of a new system could result in increased costs, disruptions in
        operations, or delays in the collection of cash from our customers, as well as having an adverse effect on our ability to timely report our financial results, all of which could materially adversely affect our business, consolidated financial
        position and results of operations.</font></div>
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          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">14</font></div>
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Cyber risk and the failure to maintain the integrity of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those
        of third parties with which we do business, could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition, and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cyber-attacks and hackers are becoming more sophisticated and pervasive. Our business is dependent on information technology systems to
        support our businesses. We provide internet-based products and services to our customers. We also use complex information technology systems and products to support our business activities, particularly in infrastructure and as we move our products
        and services to an increasingly digital delivery platform. Across our businesses, we hold personal data, including that of employees and customers.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Efforts to prevent cyber-attacks and hackers from entering our systems are expensive to implement and may limit the functionality of our
        systems. Individuals may try to gain unauthorized access to our systems and data for malicious purposes, and our security measures may fail to prevent such unauthorized access. Cyber-attacks and/or intentional hacking of our systems could adversely
        affect the performance or availability of our products, result in loss of customer data, adversely affect our ability to conduct business, or result in theft of our funds or proprietary information, the occurrence of which could have an adverse
        impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates could materially impact our consolidated financial
        condition and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Non-U.S. revenues, as well as our substantial non-U.S. net assets, expose our consolidated results to volatility from changes in foreign
        currency exchange rates. Non-U.S. dollar revenues accounted for 46% of our total consolidated revenues for fiscal year 2019, which primarily includes revenues in British pound sterling of 26% and euro of 12%. In addition, our interest-bearing loans
        and borrowings are subject to risk from changes in interest rates. These risks and the measures we have taken to help mitigate them are discussed in Part II, Item 7A, &#8220;Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,&#8221; of this Annual
        Report on Form 10-K. We may, from time-to-time, use derivative instruments to hedge such risks. Notwithstanding our efforts to foresee and mitigate the effects of changes in external market or fiscal circumstances, we cannot predict with certainty
        changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, inflation, or other related factors affecting our business, consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">We may not be able to mitigate the impact of inflation and cost increases, which could have an adverse impact on our
        consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">From time to time, we experience cost increases reflecting, in part, general inflationary factors. There is no guarantee that we can increase
        selling prices or reduce costs to fully mitigate the effect of inflation on our costs, which may adversely impact our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Changes in tax laws, including regulations and other guidance in connection with the U.S. Federal tax legislation
        originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the &#8220;Tax Act&#8221;), could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are subject to tax laws within the jurisdictions in which we conduct business, including the U.S. and many foreign jurisdictions. In
        addition to the Tax Act in the U.S., changes in tax laws and interpretations in other jurisdictions where we do business, such as the U.K. and Germany, could significantly impact the taxation of our non-U.S. earnings.&#160;This could have a material
        impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations as most of our income is earned outside the U.S. In addition, we are subject to audit by tax authorities and are regularly audited by various tax authorities. Although we
        believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits could be materially different from our historical income tax provisions and accruals and could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position and results
        of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Challenges and uncertainties associated with operating in developing markets has a higher risk due to political
        instability, economic volatility, crime, terrorism, corruption, social and ethnic unrest, and other factors, which may adversely impact our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We sell our products to customers in certain sanctioned and previously sanctioned developing markets where we do not have operating
        subsidiaries. We do not own any assets or liabilities in these markets except for trade receivables. In the year ended April 30, 2019, we recorded an immaterial amount of revenue and net earnings related to sales to Cuba, Sudan, Syria and Iran.
        While sales in these markets are not material to our consolidated financial position and results of operations, adverse developments related to the risks associated with these markets may cause actual results to differ from historical and
        forecasted future consolidated operating results.</font></div>
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          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">15</font></div>
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have certain technology development operations in Russia and Sri Lanka related to software development and architecture, digital content
        production, and system testing services. Due to the political instability within these regions, there is the potential for future government embargos and sanctions, which could disrupt our operations in this area. While we have developed business
        continuity plans to address these issues, further adverse developments in the region could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Approximately 19% of Research journal articles are sourced from authors in China. Any restrictions on exporting intellectual property could
        adversely affect our business and consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Changes in global economic conditions could impact our ability to borrow funds and meet our future financing needs.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Changes in global financial markets have not had, nor do we anticipate they will have, a significant impact on our liquidity. Due to our
        significant operating cash flow, financial assets, access to capital markets, and available lines of credit and revolving credit agreements, we continue to believe that we have the ability to meet our financing needs for the foreseeable future. As
        market conditions change, we will continue to monitor our liquidity position. However, there can be no assurance that our liquidity or our consolidated financial position and results of operations will not be adversely affected by possible future
        changes in global financial markets and global economic conditions. Unprecedented market conditions including illiquid credit markets, volatile equity markets, dramatic fluctuations in foreign currency rates, and economic recession could affect
        future results.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Changes in pension costs and related funding requirements may impact our consolidated financial position and results of
        operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We provide defined benefit pension plans for certain employees worldwide. Our Board of Directors approved amendments to the U.S., Canada and
        U.K. defined benefit plans that froze the future accumulation of benefits effective June 30, 2013, December 31, 2015, and April 30, 2015, respectively. The funding requirements and costs of these plans are dependent upon various factors, including
        the actual return on plan assets, discount rates, plan participant population demographics, and changes in pension regulations. Changes in these factors affect our plan funding, consolidated financial position, and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">We may not be able to realize the expected benefits of our growth strategies, including successfully integrating
        acquisitions, which could adversely impact our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our growth strategy includes title, imprint, and other business acquisitions, including knowledge-enabled services, which complement our
        existing businesses. Acquisitions may have a substantial impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations. Acquisitions involve risks and uncertainties, including difficulties in integrating acquired operations and in
        realizing expected opportunities, cost synergies, diversions of management resources, and loss of key employees, challenges with respect to operating new businesses, and other uncertainties.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">As a result of acquisitions, we may record a significant amount of goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets and
        we may never realize the full carrying value of these assets.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As a result of acquisitions, we record a significant amount of goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets, including customer
        relationships, trademarks and developed technologies. At April 30, 2019, we had $1,095.7 million of goodwill and $865.6 million of intangible assets, of which $217.1 million are indefinite-lived intangible assets, on our Consolidated Statements of
        Financial Position. The intangible assets are principally composed of content and publishing rights, customer relationships, and brands and trademarks. Failure to achieve business objectives and financial projections could result in an asset
        impairment charge, which would result in a non-cash charge to our consolidated results of operations. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are tested for impairment on an annual basis and also when events or changes in circumstances
        indicate that impairment may have occurred. Intangible assets with determinable lives, which were $648.5 million at April 30, 2019, are tested for impairment only when events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may have
        occurred. Determining whether an impairment exists can be difficult as a result of increased uncertainty and current market dynamics and requires management to make significant estimates and judgments. A non-cash intangible asset impairment charge
        could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.</font></div>
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          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">16</font></div>
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">I</font>f we fail to maintain proper and
        effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis could be impaired.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (&#8220;Sarbanes-Oxley Act&#8221;) and the
        rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We are required to perform
        system and process evaluations and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K, as required by
        Section&#160;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This may require us to incur substantial additional professional fees and internal costs to further expand our accounting and finance functions and expend significant management efforts.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We may in the future discover material weaknesses in our system of internal financial and accounting controls and procedures that could
        result in a material misstatement of our financial statements. In addition, our internal control over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide
        only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system&#8217;s objectives will be met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to errors or
        fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud will be detected.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section&#160;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner, or if we are unable to
        maintain proper and effective internal controls, we may not be able to produce timely and accurate financial statements. If that were to happen, the market price of our stock could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by
        the New York Stock Exchange, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Item 1B. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Unresolved Staff Comments<a name="Item1B.UnresolvedStaffCom"><!--Anchor--></a></font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">None</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">17</font></div>
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    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:2aa692c7-c368-4595-b6a7-8b48a39668fd">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div>Item 2. <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">Properties<a name="Item2.Properties"><!--Anchor--></a></font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We occupy office, warehouse, and distribution facilities in various parts of the world, as listed below (excluding those locations with less
        than 10,000 square feet of floor area, none of which is considered material property).&#160;All of the buildings and the equipment owned or leased are believed to be in good operating condition and are suitable for the conduct of our business.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z317343256dd443f0928799c601179ae8">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Location</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Purpose</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Owned or Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Approx. Sq. Ft.</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">United States:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">New Jersey</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate Headquarters</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">294,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">185,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Indiana</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Offices</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">166,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">California</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">11,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Massachusetts</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">26,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Illinois</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">52,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Florida</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">58,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Minnesota</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">22,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Texas</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">11,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Colorado</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">15,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Kentucky</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">47,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">International:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Australia</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Offices</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">34,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Canada</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">12,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">England</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Distribution Centers</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">298,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Offices</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">80,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Offices</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Owned</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">70,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">France</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Offices</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">36,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Germany</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Owned</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">104,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Jordan</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">24,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Singapore</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">35,000</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Russia</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Office</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 22%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
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          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:27acfe27-7335-4d2b-aa52-a2788a62e5b7">
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-weight: bold;">Item 3. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-weight: bold;">Legal Proc</font>eedings<a name="Item3.LegalProceedings"><!--Anchor--></a></font></div>
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    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The information set forth in Note 15, &#8220;Commitment and Contingencies,&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements is incorporated
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    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are involved in routine litigation in the ordinary course of our business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of all
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    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Item 4. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Mine Safety Disclosures<a name="Item4.MineSafetyDisclosur"><!--Anchor--></a></font></div>
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    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Not applicable.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">18</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:c1e7bd52-4d86-4c24-867f-0f19702a65c4">
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Current Position</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        </tr>
        <tr>
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            <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.85pt; margin-left: 20.85pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">President and Chief Executive Officer and Director</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">58</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">October 2012 &#8211; Senior Vice President of Business Operations, Organizational Planning &amp;
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">65</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">December 2017 &#8211; Chairman of Company's Board of Directors</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">May 2017 &#8211; Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">October 2015 &#8211; Chairman of Company's Board of Directors</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">GARY M. RINCK</font></font></u></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">67</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">JUDY VERSES</font></font></u></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">62</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">October 2016</font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.85pt; margin-left: 20.85pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">October 2011 &#8211; President &#8211; Global Enterprise and Education, Rosetta Stone Inc.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">CHRISTOPHER F. CARIDI</font></font></u></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">53</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 15.49%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">March 2017</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 75.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
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          </td>
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          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Executive Vice President, Chief Strategy Officer</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 1.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 4.92%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">19</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
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  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:c2037817-325f-4d23-ac1f-1f945cb387fb">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">PART II</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt; margin-left: 45pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item5."><!--Anchor--></a>Item 5. Market for Registrant&#8217;s Common Equity,
        Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our Class A and Class B shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbols JW.A and JW.B, respectively.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On a quarterly basis, the Board of Directors considers the payment of cash dividends based upon its review of earnings, our financial
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">During the year ended April 30, 2017, our Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase program of four million shares of Class
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Average Price</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Maximum Number</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">February 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">March 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">557,665</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">44.83</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">557,665</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,888,975</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">April 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,888,975</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">557,665</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">44.83</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">557,665</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,888,975</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:abfb3f82-cccc-4664-bad3-739258a7caaa">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><a name="Item6"><!--Anchor--></a>Item 6. <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">Selected Financial Data</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z6cc44be669944c8293c0990ff7197729">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="18">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">For the Years Ended April 30,<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;"> (a)(b)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dollars (in millions, except per share data)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2016</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2015</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue, net</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,800.1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,796.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,718.5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,727.0</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,822.4</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Operating Income <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(c)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">224.0</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">231.5</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">211.5</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">188.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">237.7</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Income <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(a)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">168.3</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">192.2</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">113.6</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">145.8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">176.9</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Working Capital <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(d)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(379.8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(394.3</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(428.1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(111.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) in Working Capital <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(d)</sup></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(507.4</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(486.4</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(436.2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(426.5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(372.1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Assets</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,839.5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,606.2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,921.1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,004.2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Long-Term Debt</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">478.8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">360.0</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">365.0</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">605.0</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">650.1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Shareholders' Equity</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,181.3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,190.6</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,003.1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,037.1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,055.0</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Per Share Data</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Earnings Per Share</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 14.4pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Basic</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.94</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.37</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.98</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.51</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.01</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 14.4pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Diluted</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.91</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.32</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.95</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.48</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.97</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cash Dividends</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class A Common</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.32</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.28</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.24</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.20</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.16</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 14.4pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class B Common</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.32</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.28</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.24</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.20</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.16</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">
        <div>
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              <tr>
                <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(a)</td>
                <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                  <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Item 7, &#8220;Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,&#8221; for a discussion of the factors that contributed to our
                      consolidated operating results for the three years ended April 30, 2019. Certain tax benefits and charges included in the years ended April 30, 2019 &#8211; 2015 include:</font></div>
                </td>
              </tr>

          </table>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z4534f002710e41f4952f20f0089bfa14" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
                <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
              </td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
                <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The year ended April 30, 2019 includes a favorable benefit of $2.9 million, or $0.05 per share in connection with<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font>the reduction in our deferred tax liabilities as a result of a lower U.S. state tax rate resulting from more favorable apportionment factors in 2019. Refer
                    to Note 12, &#8220;Income Taxes,&#8221; in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z73206644ee494c8ca41f07375c9eb856" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
                <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
              </td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
                <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The year ended April 30, 2018 includes a favorable impact of $25.1 million ($0.43 per share) from the U.S. government enacted
                    comprehensive Federal tax legislation originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the &#8220;Tax Act&#8221;). Refer to Note 12, &#8220;Income Taxes,&#8221; in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zbb59094d168e4cbf808b83c90ae3fedd" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
                <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
              </td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
                <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The year ended April 30, 2017 includes the effect of the German Tax litigation of $49.1 million ($0.85 per share).</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z5356f329ded5449fa7a36d044b9a06f3" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
                <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
              </td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
                <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The years ended April 30, 2017 and 2016 include tax benefits of $2.6 million ($0.04 per share) and $5.9 million ($0.10 per
                    share), respectively, principally associated with a reduction in our deferred tax liabilities from consecutive tax legislation enacted in the United Kingdom that reduced the U.K. corporate income tax rates.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zc859fd93bd5b4316b301ae9d0f89f07f" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
                <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font></font></div>
              </td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
                <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The year ended April 30, 2015 includes a non-recurring tax benefit of $3.1 million ($0.05 per share) related to tax deductions
                    claimed on the write-up of certain foreign tax assets to fair market value.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
          <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
              </font></div>
          </div>
          <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">20</font></div>
          <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
            <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
        </div>
        <div>
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            <div>
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                    <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(b)</td>
                    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                      <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On May 1, 2018, we adopted the U.S. accounting standard regarding revenue
                            recognition ("Topic 606," or "ASC 606"). The adoption of Topic 606 did not have a material impact to our consolidated results of operations. </font>Refer to Note 2, "<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                            Times, serif;"> Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards</font>," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</font></div>
                    </td>
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            <div>
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                    <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(c)</font></td>
                    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                      <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Due to the retrospective adoption of Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;)
                            2017-07, &#8220;Compensation&#8212;Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,&#8221;, total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million
                            related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) for the years ended April 30,
                            2018 and 2017, respectively. Total net benefits related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were $8.8 million for the year ended April 30, 2019. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of
                            Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</font></font></div>
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            <div>
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                    <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(d)</font></td>
                    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                      <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The primary driver of the negative working capital is unearned contract liabilities (deferred revenue) related to subscriptions for which cash has been
                          collected in advance. Cash received in advance for subscriptions is used by us for a number of purposes, including acquisitions, debt repayments, funding operations, dividend payments, and purchasing treasury shares. The contract
                          liabilities (deferred revenue) will be recognized as income when the products are shipped or made available online to the customers over the term of the subscription period.</font></div>
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        <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
        </font></div>
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          <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
            </font></div>
        </div>
        <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">21</font></div>
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  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:057e1a46-a9f9-4fee-be01-2595608127e3">
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt; margin-left: 45pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item7."><!--Anchor--></a>Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
      Condition and Results of Operations</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The information in our Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (&#8220;MD&amp;A&#8221;) should be read
        together with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes set forth in Part II, Item 8, as well as the discussion included above, &#8220;Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements &#8220;Safe Harbor&#8221; Statement under the Private
        Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995&#8221; and &#8220;Non-GAAP Financial Measures,&#8221; along with Part I, Item 1A, &#8220;Risk Factors,&#8221; of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.&#160; All amounts and percentages are approximate due to rounding and all dollars are in
        thousands, except per share amounts or where otherwise noted. When we cross-reference to a &#8220;Note,&#8221; we are referring to our &#8220;Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements,&#8221; unless the context indicates otherwise.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Recent Events</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
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              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On July 1, 2019, we completed the acquisition of Zyante Inc. ("Zyante"), a leading provider of computer science and STEM education
                  courseware. Under the terms of the agreement, Zyante shareholders received $56 million in cash. Zyante will be included in our Education Publishing segment.</font></div>
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              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On June 28, 2019, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.34 per share, or approximately $19.2 million, on our
                  Class A and Class B Common Stock.&#160; The dividend is payable on July 24, 2019 to shareholders of record on July 10, 2019.</font></div>
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              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On May 31, 2019, we completed the acquisition of certain assets of Knewton, Inc. (&#8220;Knewton&#8221;), included in our Publishing segment.
                  Knewton is a provider of affordable courseware and adaptive learning technology for an undisclosed amount.</font></div>
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            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">&#160;&#8226;</font></td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On May 30, 2019, we amended and restated our existing credit agreement with a (i) five-year revolving credit facility in an
                  aggregate principal amount up to $1.25 billion, and (ii) a five-year term loan A facility consisting of $250 million.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Fourth Quarter Highlights</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
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              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Increase in GAAP Results: Revenue of $491.2 million, an increase of 3%, Operating Income of $80.0 million, an increase of 10% and
                  Diluted EPS of $1.10, an increase of 19%;</font></div>
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              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Non-GAAP Adjusted Results on a constant currency basis: Adjusted Revenue increase of 7%, Adjusted Operating Income increase of 14%,
                  and Adjusted EPS increase of 19%;</font></div>
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            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Non-GAAP Adjusted Results on a constant currency basis and excluding the impact from Learning House acquisition: Adjusted Revenue
                  increase of 3%, Adjusted Operating Income increase of 17%, and Adjusted EPS increase of 26%.</font></div>
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    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Results of Operations</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">FISCAL YEAR 2019 AS COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR 2018 SUMMARY RESULTS</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Revenue:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue for the year ended April 30, 2019 was flat at $1,800
          million, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased 2% as compared with prior year. </font>This increase was primarily due to the following:</font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z87f64d257b96434aabb749cdfd84aa3c" class="DSPFListTable">

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            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the incremental impact of the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018, which contributed $31.5 million of revenue,</font></div>
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      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z4c796d95c4274a47ac2e4e21f41a577a" class="DSPFListTable">

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            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">increased revenue in our Research segment primarily driven by Open Access; and to a lesser extent, Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles,
                  and Other offerings; and,</font></div>
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              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">increased revenue in all of our Solutions segment businesses, excluding the impact of Learning House.</font></div>
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    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">These increases were offset by declines in Publishing print product sales.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Refer to Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition,&#8221; for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See the &#8220;Segment Operating Results&#8221; below for additional details on each segment&#8217;s revenue and contribution to profit performance.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Cost of Sales:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cost of sales for the year ended April 30, 2019 increased $23.7
          million, or 4%, as compared with prior year.&#160; On a constant currency basis, cost of sales increased 6%. </font>This increase was primarily due to the following factors:</font></div>
    <div>
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              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the incremental impact of Learning House, primarily due to marketing and employment related costs,</font></div>
            </td>
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      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zc2bdbc1be289482aba374b831b771d6b" class="DSPFListTable">

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            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">an increase in legacy Education Services business marketing costs of $8.1 million primarily due to increased investments to support
                  revenue growth;</font></div>
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      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <div> <br>
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          <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
            </font></div>
        </div>
        <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">22</font></div>
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              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">higher royalty costs of $6.6 million; and, to a lesser extent,</font></div>
            </td>
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    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z61604e7a740a4c0293c1d9059e54e280" class="DSPFListTable">

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              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">higher employment costs of $3.4 million.</font></div>
            </td>
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    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">These </font>increases were offset by lower inventory costs of
        $5.8 million primarily due to lower Publishing print sales.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection with the acquisition of Learning House, we changed
          our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are
          included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously </font>included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related
        revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively. The amount reclassified for the year ended April 30, 2018 was $45.8 million. Refer to &#8220;Change in Accounting
        Policy&#8221; in Note 2, &#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards,&#8221; for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition,&#8221; for more information related to the
        acquisition of Learning House.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Gross Profit Margin:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Gross profit margin for the year ended April 30, 2019 was 69.2% compared with 70.4% in the prior year. On a constant currency basis, the
        gross profit margin would have been 69.3%.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Operating and Administrative Expenses:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Op</font>erating and administrative expenses for the year ended
        April 30, 2019 increased $6.8 million, or 1%, as compared with prior year and 2% on a constant currency basis. The increase was primarily due to higher costs related to increased resources in editorial resources to increase article output, as well
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        Publishing brands of $3.6 million.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, we recorded pre-tax restructuring charges of $3.1 million and $28.6 million, respectively,
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">These charges are reflected in Restructuring and Related Charges on the Consolidated Statements of Income and summarized in the following
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total Charges</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Incurred to Date</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,131</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5,257</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">26,544</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">650</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6,443</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">39,581</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">878</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,695</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,125</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate Expenses</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">459</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,171</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">96,378</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Restructuring and Related Charges</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,118</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">28,566</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">169,628</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Charges (Credits) by Activity:</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Severance</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,456</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">27,213</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">116,259</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Consulting and Contract Termination Costs</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">526</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,815</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21,155</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other activities</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,136</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(462</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">32,214</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Restructuring and Related Charges</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,118</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">28,566</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">169,628</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The charges above are net of changes in estimates for previously
          accrued restructuring charges. Other Act</font>ivities for the year ended April 30, 2019 reflect lease impairment related costs. The credits in Other Activities for the year ended April 30, 2018 mainly reflect changes in estimates for previously
        accrued restructuring charges related to facility lease reserves.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We currently do not anticipate any further material charges related to the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Amortization of Intangibles:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amortization </font>of intangibles was $54.7 million for the
        year ended April 30, 2019, an increase of $6.4 million as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, amortization of intangibles increased 14%. The increase in amortization was primarily due to the acquisition of intangibles as part of
        the acquisition of Learning House and, to a lesser extent, in the Research segment due to the timing of the acquisitions of publishing rights in the second half of 2018.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">23</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Operating Income:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Operating income </font>was $224.0 million for the year ended
        April 30, 2019, a decrease of $7.5 million, or 3%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, excluding the impact from Learning House, which reported an operating loss of $8.0 million, and restructuring charges and the brand
        impairment charge in the prior year, operating income decreased 6%, due to higher expenses, partially offset by higher revenue.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Interest Expense:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest </font>expense for the year ended April 30, 2019
        increased $2.8 million to $16.1 million on a reported&#160;basis. This increase was due to a higher average debt balances outstanding, which included borrowings for the funding of the acquisition of Learning House, and a higher weighted average
        effective borrowing rate<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Foreign Exchange Transaction (Losses) Gains:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign </font>exchange transaction losses were $6.0 million
        for the year ended April 30, 2019 and were primarily due to the net impact of the change in average foreign exchange rates as compared to the U.S. dollar on our intercompany accounts receivable and payable balances. For the year ended April 30,
        2018, foreign exchange transaction losses were $12.8 million which were primarily due to the impact of changes in average foreign exchange rates as compared to the U.S. dollar on our intercompany and third-party accounts receivable and payable
        balances.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Provision for Income Taxes:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The following table summarizes the effective tax rate for the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018:</font></div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z4006b21914654f30b265594f44aa8c6c">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 77.29%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.44%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.38%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.89%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 77.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Effective tax rate as reported</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.16%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21.0%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.38%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.15%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.74%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10.2%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 77.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">State tax adjustment in 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.16%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.3%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.38%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.15%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.74%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 77.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred Tax from the Tax Act Rate Change</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.29%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.16%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(0.1)%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.38%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.15%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">11.7%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 77.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Effective tax rate excluding the deferred tax from the Tax Act and state tax adjustment</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.29%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.16%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">22.2%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.38%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.15%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21.9%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The effective tax rate for the year ended April 30, 2019 was greater than the rate for the year ended April 30, 2018 due to the net deferred
        tax benefit from the Tax Act in the year ended April 30, 2018 compared to the relatively small net deferred benefit in the year ended April 30, 2019 from state tax apportionment changes.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The effective tax rate was equal to the U.S. statutory rate for the year ended April 30, 2019 as the increase from higher taxes on non-U.S.
        income and various other items was offset by a state tax benefit from more favorable apportionment factors which reduced our deferred tax liabilities, net of federal benefit.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">The Tax Act</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The information set forth in Note 12, "Income Taxes&#8221; under the caption "The Tax Act," is incorporated
        herein by reference and further describes the impact of the Tax Act.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Diluted Earnings Per Share (&#8220;EPS&#8221;):</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">EPS for the year ended April 30, 2019 was $2.91 per share compared with $3.32 per share in the prior year. Excluding the impact of the items
        included in the table below, Adjusted EPS for the year ended April 30, 2019 decreased 14% to $2.96 per share compared with $3.43 per share in the prior year.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">24</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Below is a reconciliation of our GAAP EPS to Non-GAAP Adjusted EPS:</font></div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z4c0c0e7064aa46008bc78b50829d38e5">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">GAAP EPS</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2.91</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.32</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Impact of Tax Cuts and Job Act</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Impact of reduction in certain U.S. state tax rates in 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(0.05</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-GAAP Adjusted EPS</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2.96</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.43</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EPS decreased 8% due to lower Adjusted Operating Income. Adjusted EPS for the year ended April 30,
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS:</font></font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">% Change</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">% Change</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">w/o FX (b)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">RESEARCH:</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Revenue:</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Journal Subscriptions</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">661,055</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">677,685</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Open Access</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">54,671</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">41,997</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">30</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">33</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">185,619</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">181,806</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Journal Revenue</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">901,345</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">901,488</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">35,968</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">32,907</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Research Revenue</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">937,313</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">934,395</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cost of Sales</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">254,338</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">247,654</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Operating Expenses (a)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amortization of Intangibles</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">26,829</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restructuring Charges (See Note 7)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5,257</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(78</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Contribution to Profit</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">258,875</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">271,326</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contribution Margin</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">27.6</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">29.0</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zb9d7c64a5e7d4d3081e3018460b4f043" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(a)</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Due to the retrospective adoption</font> of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits
                    related to defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense). The amount for the year ended April 30, 2018 for the Research
                    segment was $4.2 million. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information.</font></div>
              </td>
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        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(b)&#160; Adjusted to exclude FX impact and Restructuring Charges.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Revenue:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research revenue for the year ended April 30, 2019 increased
          $2.9 million, or flat as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased 3%, compared with prior year, primarily due to continued </font>strong growth in publication volumes for Open Access, particularly hybrid
        journals.</font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Gross Profit:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Gross profit for the year ended April 30, 2019 decreased 1% </font>compared




        with prior year and, on a constant currency basis, increased 2%. This was due to higher revenues, partially offset by higher costs of sales, primarily due to increased royalty costs.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">25</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
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    <div><br>
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    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contribution to</font> profit decreased 5% to $258.9 million for
        the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">year ended April 30, 2019 </font>as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges, contribution to profit decreased
        1% as compared with prior year. This decrease was due to higher operating costs partially offset by higher gross profit.&#160; The higher operating costs include additional resources in editorial to support increased journal publishing of $11.2 million,
        increased costs related to advertising and marketing of $3.0 million, and sales resources of $2.5 million, which were partially offset by lower administrative costs.</font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Society Partnerships</font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For calendar year 2019, 17 new society contracts were signed, with combined annual revenue of approximately $5.4 million, and 4 society
        contracts were not renewed with combined annual revenue of approximately $1.8 million.</font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Projekt DEAL</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the third </font>quarter of 2019, we completed a new
        agreement with a national consortium representing all 700 German academic institutions. This new three-year agreement provides those German libraries and their researchers with both subscriptions access and open access publishing. We expect to
        generate modestly more revenue from this new arrangement and the opportunity to grow revenue through higher publishing volumes.</font></div>
    <div><br>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">% Change</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">% Change</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">w/o FX (b)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">PUBLISHING:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Revenue:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">STM and Professional Publishing</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">265,719</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">287,315</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(6</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education Publishing</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">157,579</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">187,178</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(16</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(14</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Courseware (WileyPLUS)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">63,485</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">59,475</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Test Preparation and Certification</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">15</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48,146</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total Publishing Revenue</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">574,192</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">617,648</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(7</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(6</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cost of Sales</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">178,050</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">194,900</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(9</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(7</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Gross Profit</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">396,142</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">422,748</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(4</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amortization of Intangibles</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restructuring Charges (see Note 7)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(90</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing brand impairment charge</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(100</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(100</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Contribution to Profit</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">118,901</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">121,639</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">20.7</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">19.7</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    </table>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zaa01a3a3c42b4d25bd3d15a224264dbe" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(a)</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Due to the retrospective adoption</font> of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits
                    related to defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense). The amount for the year ended April 30, 2018 for the Publishing
                    segment was $2.3 million. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z5d532e2a497149b18a3c4523d00bca59" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(b)</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Adjusted to exclude FX impact and Restructuring Charges, and in the year ended April 30, 2018, a Publishing brand impairment charge was also excluded.</font></div>
              </td>
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        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Revenue:</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing revenue decreased 7</font>% to $574.2 million on a
        reported basis, and 6% on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. The decrease was primarily due to a decline in Education Publishing and STM and Professional Publishing due to a continued shift in market demand for print products.<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> This decline was partially offset by an increase in volume of Test Preparation and Certification product offerings and an increase in WileyPLUS mainly due to the timing of
          revenue recognition.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">26</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Gross Profit:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Gross profit decreased</font> 6% as
        compared with prior year and 5% on a constant currency basis, due to the decline in Education Publishing and STM and Professional Publishing revenue; partially offset by a decrease in inventory costs and to a lesser extent, book composition and
        product development amortization expense.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Contribution to Profit:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contribution to profit decreased 2</font>%
        to $118.9 million for the year ended April 30, 2019 as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges and a brand impairment charge in the prior year, contribution to profit decreased 8% as compared
        with the prior year. This decrease was primarily due to lower gross profit, partially offset by, lower operating expenses including employee related costs, content related costs and, to a lesser extent, technology costs.</font></div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z4ea702ef79ab42608edb66253397d557">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">% Change</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">% Change</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">w/o FX (b)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">SOLUTIONS:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Revenue:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education Services</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">157,549</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">119,131</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">32</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">32</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Professional Assessment</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">65,889</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">61,094</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate Learning</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">65,126</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">63,835</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total Solutions Revenue</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">19</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cost of Sales (a)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">122,337</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">88,462</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">38</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Gross Profit</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">166,227</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">155,598</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Gross Profit Margin</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57.6</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">63.8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Operating Expenses (a)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amortization of Intangibles</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,291</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">38</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">39</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restructuring Charges (see Note 7)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">878</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,695</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(76</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Contribution to Profit</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14,967</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">22,099</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(32</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(39</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contribution Margin</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5.2</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zd9c044ff7a7d48f692a1d814f75ba51b" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(a)</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection </font>with the acquisition of Learning House, we changed our
                    accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are
                    included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding
                    decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million for the year ended April 30, 2018. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net or Contribution to Profit.&#160; Refer to &#8220;Change in Accounting Policy&#8221; in Note 2,
                    &#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards,&#8221; for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition,&#8221; for more information related to the acquisition of
                    Learning House.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zf9cae0c2ed8d47c19787e1d031be8fe2" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(b)</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Adjusted to exclude FX impact and Restructuring Charges.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;&#160;</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Revenue:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions revenue increased 18</font><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">% to $288.6 million on a reported basis and 19% on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. The increase was mainly driven by the
          impact of the acquisition of Learning House </font>on November 1, 2018 which contributed $31.5 million in revenue<font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">, and to a lesser extent,
          higher revenue in the legacy Education Services business, Professional Assessment services and Corporate Learning</font><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">27</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Gross Profit:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Gross profit increased </font><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7% to $166.2 million, and 8%, on a constant currency basis, as compared with prior year. The increase is primarily due to the impact of higher
          revenues as described above, partially offset by higher costs of sales due to the incremental impact of the acquisition of Learning House and higher marketing related costs of $8.1 million, due to </font>the legacy Education Services business
        primarily due to increased investments to support revenue growth; and to a lesser extent, higher composition and product development amortization and employment related costs.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Contribution to Profit:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contribution to profit for the year
          ended April 30, 2019 </font><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">includes an operating loss from Learning House of $8.0 million.&#160; On a constant currency basis, excluding
          restructuring charges and the impact from Learning House, contribution to profit decreased 8% as compared with prior year. This was due to higher operating expenses, including increased sales related costs, content costs, and, to a lesser extent,
          increased technology costs. These factors were partially offset by lower administrative costs.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Legacy Education Services Partners and Programs:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019, we had 39
          university partners and 276 programs under contract.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">CORPORATE EXPENSES:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-right: 2.15pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate
          Expenses</font> for the year ended April 30, 2019 <font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">decreased 8% to $168.8 million as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis
          and excluding restructuring charges, these expenses decreased 1%. This decrease was primarily due to lower employment related costs, including incentive compensation costs, partially offset by higher stock-based compensation expense of $2.3
          million and costs associated with strategic planning of $1.4 million.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">FISCAL YEAR 2018 AS COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR 2017 SUMMARY RESULTS</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Revenue:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue for the year ended April 30, 2018 </font>increased 5%
        to $1,796.1 million, or 1% on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. The increase was mainly driven by an increase in Research revenue due to a full year of revenue from the Atypon acquisition in the year ended April 30, 2018 and
        growth in Open Access and, to a lesser extent, higher Education Services (OPM) revenue in Solutions. These increases were partially offset by a decline in Publishing revenue, primarily in STM and in Professional and Education Publishing, which
        reflected market conditions.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See the "Segment Operating Results" below for additional details on each segment's revenue and contribution to profit performance.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Cost of Sales and Gross Profit:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cost of Sales for the year ended April 30, 2018 </font>increased




        6% to $531.0 million, or 3% on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. The increase was primarily a result of higher revenues and higher royalty costs on Research journals due to title mix and an increase in new titles at a higher
        royalty rate.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Gross profit margin <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">for the year ended April 30, </font>2018
        was 70.4% and decreased slightly compared with the prior year on a constant currency basis, primarily in our Publishing segment as a result of the decline in revenue<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As noted above, in connection with the acquisition of Learning House, we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing
        costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in
        Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The amount reclassified for the year ended April 30, 2018 and 2017 was $45.8 million and $40.0 million, respectively. Refer to &#8220;Change in Accounting Policy&#8221; in Note 2,
        &#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards,&#8221; for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition,&#8221; for more information related to the acquisition of Learning
        House.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">28</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Operating and Administrative Expenses:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Operating and administrative expenses for the year ended April
          30, 2018 increased 1% to $956.8 million</font>, but decreased 1% on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year due to the following<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">:</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z3e4278c050594632a6949512eb70af5b" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">lower technology costs in the current year of $18 million associated with our ERP implementation and other reductions in outsourcing and system development
                    consulting costs;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z210a978919e8451aa714c4bd758d7b44" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">&#8226;</td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a one-time pension settlement charge in the prior year related to changes in our retiree and long-term disability plans of $9 million; and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z61831b9d48484307954769fccfc046c0" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">savings from operational excellence initiatives and restructuring activities.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The factors were partially offset by:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zd3ccee5164ff414ea19601ea951a7015" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">one-time benefits in the prior year related to the changes in our retiree and long-term disability plans of $4 million and a life insurance recovery of $2
                    million;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z72f0a8e81aae4b0fbf5d14a3a32bb646" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">&#8226;</td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a full year of costs in the year ended April 30, 2018 associated with the Atypon acquisition, which resulted in an incremental impact of $9 million;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z8255a2442883494c8db5566b05223aaa" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">an increase in <font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">strategy consultation costs in the
                      current year of $7 million; and </font></font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z2fa4e744404d46f7a3f125d1b428e93f" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">an impairment charge in the current year related to one of our Publishing brands of $4 million.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Restructuring and Related Charges:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Beginning in the year ended April 30, 2013, we initiated a program (the &#8220;Restructuring and Reinvestment Program&#8221;) to restructure and realign
        its cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. We are targeting a majority of the cost savings achieved to improve margins and earnings, while the remainder will be reinvested in high-growth digital business opportunities.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded pre-tax restructuring charges of $29 million and $13 million, respectively, related
        to this program. These charges are reflected in Restructuring and Related Charges on the Consolidated Statements of Income and summarized in the following table:</font></div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z9f9b056821e94243adb9201da1c2a01a">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Charges by Segment:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5,257</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,949</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6,443</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,596</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,695</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,787</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate Expenses</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,171</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8,023</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Restructuring and Related Charges</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">28,566</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Severance</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">27,213</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8,386</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Process reengineering consulting</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,815</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">148</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other activities</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(462</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,821</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Restructuring and Related Charges</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">28,566</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,355</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The credits in Other Activities in 2018 mainly reflect changes in estimates for previously accrued restructuring charges related to facility
        lease reserves. Other Activities for the year ended April 30, 2017, reflect facility relocation and lease impairment related costs.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Amortization of Intangibles:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amortization of intangibles for the year ended April 30, 2018 </font>declined
        3% to $48 million, or 5% on a constant currency basis compared with prior year. The decrease was a result of the completion of amortization of certain acquired intangible assets<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif;">.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Interest Expense:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest expense for the year ended April 30, 2018 </font>decreased




        $4 million to $13 million on a reported and constant currency basis. This decrease was due to lower average debt balances outstanding, partially offset by a higher average effective borrowing rate<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times
          New Roman', Times, serif;">.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Foreign Exchange Transaction (Losses) Gains:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We reported foreign exchange transaction losses of $13 million for<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif;"> the year ended April 30,</font> 2018 compared to gains of $0.4 million in the prior year.&#160;The losses in t<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">he year ended April 30,</font> 2018 were primarily due
        to the impact of the change in average foreign exchange rates as compared to the U.S. dollar on our intercompany and third-party accounts receivable and payable balances.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">29</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Provision for Income Taxes:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The </font>following table summarizes the effective tax rate
        for <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the years ended April 30,</font> 2018 and 2017:</font></div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z4e2c3f6740d74b1c91e71ae3c4ab5565">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 77.29%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.44%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.38%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.89%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 77.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Effective tax rate as reported</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.16%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10.2%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.38%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.15%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.74%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">40.5%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 77.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Estimated net impact in the year ended April 30, 2018 of non-recurring items from Tax Act</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.16%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">11.7</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.38%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.15%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.74%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 77.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Impact of unfavorable German court decision in the year ended April 30, 2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.16%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.38%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.15%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.74%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(25.7)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 77.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Impact of reduction in U.K. statutory rate on deferred tax balances in the year ended April 30,
                2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.29%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.16%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.38%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.15%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.3</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 77.29%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Effective tax rate excluding the impact of non-recurring items from the Tax Act in the year ended
                April 30, 2018 and the unfavorable German court decision and U.K. tax rate reduction in the year ended April 30, 2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.29%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.16%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21.9%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.38%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.15%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">16.1%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive Federal tax legislation originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
        (the "Tax Act").&#160; In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("SAB 118"), which allowed us to record provisional amounts related to the effect of the Tax
        Act during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year of the enactment date.&#160;As the Tax Act was passed in December 2017, and ongoing guidance and accounting interpretation were expected over the 12 months following enactment, we considered
        the accounting of the transition tax, deferred tax re-measurements, and other items to be provisional due to the forthcoming guidance and our ongoing analysis of final data and tax positions.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The effective tax rate was lower in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font>
        2018 as compared with <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2017 due to the net tax benefit from non-recurring items in the Tax Act and the effect of the German Tax litigation
        in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2017 as described below.&#160;Estimated non-recurring items in the Tax Act reduced our income tax expense by approximately $25 million
        ($0.43/share) or a reduction in our effective tax rate of 11.7 percentage points for <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2018.&#160;Excluding the effect of the Tax Act, the rate
        was 21.9% for <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2018.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The rate excluding the benefit from the non-recurring items in the Tax Act was lower than the U.S. statutory rate for the year ended April
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    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">German Tax Litigation Expense</font>: In <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2017, the German Federal Fiscal Court affirmed a lower court decision disallowing deductions related to a stepped-up basis in certain assets.
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Deferred Tax Benefit from U.K. Statutory Tax
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        benefit from the re-measurement of our applicable U.K. deferred tax balances of $6 million ($0.10 per share) in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2016 and $3 million ($0.04
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">The Tax Act</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The information set forth in Note 12, "Income Taxes&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">EPS:</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">EPS for <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2018 was $3.32 per
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">GAAP EPS</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.32</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">1.95</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Adjustments:</font></font></u></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restructuring and related charges</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.39</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.15</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign exchange losses on intercompany transactions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.15</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.01</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Estimated impact of the Tax Act</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(0.43</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Pension settlement</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.09</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Unfavorable tax decisions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.85</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred income tax benefit on U.K. tax rate change</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(0.04</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-GAAP Adjusted EPS</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.43</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.01</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">30</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><br>
      <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Excluding </font>the impact of the items included above, Adjusted EPS for <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2018 increased 14% to $3.43 per share compared with $3.01 per share in the prior year. On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EPS increased 3%.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
      </font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z3ab5e2f77623460182619b05e6f6ede1">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">% Change</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">% Change</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">w/o FX (b)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">RESEARCH:</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Revenue:</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Journal Subscriptions</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">677,685</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">639,720</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Open Access</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">41,997</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">30,633</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">37</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">34</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">181,806</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">164,070</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">11</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 14.4pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Journal Revenue</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">901,488</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">834,423</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">32,907</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">19,066</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">73</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">73</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">219,773</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Gross Profit</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">686,741</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">633,716</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 14.4pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Gross Profit Margin</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">73.5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">74.3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Operating Expenses (a)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">383,329</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">354,986</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amortization of Intangibles</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restructuring Charges (See Note 7)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,949</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Contribution to Profit</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">271,326</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">250,648</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 14.4pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contribution Margin</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">29.0</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">29.4</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zdba0e2019626425c8c5f94499341f653" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(a)</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Due to the retrospective adoption</font> of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits
                    related to defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense). The amounts for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017 for the
                    Research segment were $4.2 million and $1.6 million, respectively. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -17.75pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(b)&#160; Adjusted to exclude FX impact and Restructuring Charges</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Revenue:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research revenue </font>increased 9% to $934.4 million, or 4%
        on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. The increase was primarily due to<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">:</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z66ef35c885a94b08a2aad7894b9b5b0f" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a full year of revenue from Atypon, which was acquired in September 2016, of which $14 million was the incremental impact;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zb12a9cc9163b43f2b503b78cdd4babfd" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Open Access growth driven by the strong performance of existing titles and, to a lesser extent, new title launches; and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z0823eb5ecee044048dfa4a1a5ae52d78" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">other Journal revenue increases, particularly in reprints, backfiles and the licensing of intellectual content.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of </font>April 30, 2018, calendar year 2018 journal
        subscription renewals were 2% higher than calendar year 2017 on a constant currency basis with approximately 97% of targeted business under contract.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Gross Profit:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Gross Profit </font>increased 8% to $686.7 million, or 3% on a
        constant currency basis as compared with prior year. The increase was driven by higher revenues. Gross profit margin declined by 80 basis points due primarily to higher journal royalty costs associated with title mix and an increase in new titles
        at higher royalty rates. We anticipate that we will continue to experience gross margin pressure due to higher journal royalty rates in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font>
        2019. To offset this gross margin pressure, we will continue to pursue additional operations<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> efficiencies.</font></font></div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">31</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Contribution to Profit:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contribution to Profit </font>increased 8% to $271.3 million as
        compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges, contribution to profit decreased 1% as compared with prior year as the increase in gross profit was offset by higher operating expenses<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The </font>increase in operating expenses was primarily due to:</font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zf1de63fa45ad44e086cd4f57f9d2b325" class="DSPFListTable">

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            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a full year of costs in the year ended April 30, 2018 from Atypon which resulted in an incremental impact of $9 million;</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z49f03a84011446e39d43477e4602cffe" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">higher employment-related costs of $5 million, which included higher incentive compensation from the achievement of certain
                  financial goals and targets;</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z1c0fe53994a64c6f877e63c9edb6dc64" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
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    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z9e5e6f1a9e80480db58673636674e517" class="DSPFListTable">

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              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
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              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">an increase in product technology costs of $5 million.</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">% Change</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">STM and Professional Publishing</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">287,315</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">291,255</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education Publishing</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">187,178</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">196,343</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(6</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Courseware (WileyPLUS)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">59,475</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">62,348</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Test Preparation and Certification</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">35,534</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">35,609</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing, Distribution, Advertising, and Other</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48,146</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">47,894</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total Publishing Revenue</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">633,449</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(4</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cost of Sales</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">194,900</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">194,837</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Gross Profit</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">422,748</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">438,612</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(4</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Gross Profit Margin</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">68.4</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">69.2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Operating Expenses (a)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">282,958</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">302,682</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(7</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(7</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restructuring Charges (see Note 7)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing brand impairment charge</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Contribution to Profit</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">124,531</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contribution Margin</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">19.7</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">19.7</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z03d8fd528d9b4a9e9e4fdaf10de5eee9" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(a)</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Due to the retrospective adoption</font> of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits
                    related to defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense). The amounts for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017 for the
                    Publishing segment were $2.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(b)&#160; Adjusted </font>in
        <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the years ended April 30,</font> 2018 and 2017 to exclude FX impact and Restructuring Charges, and in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2018 also excludes a Publishing brand impairment charge.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Revenue:</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing revenue </font>decreased 2% to $617.6 million, or 4%
        on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. The decline was driven by lower print book revenues, particularly in Education Publishing, due to overall softness in the market as well as other retail options such as rental and
        digital.&#160;Also contributing to the decline in Publishing revenue was a decline in Courseware (WileyPLUS), primarily due to the timing of revenue recognition associated with multi-semester offerings, which are recognized in periods extending across
        two semesters.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">32</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Gross Profit:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Gross Profit </font><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF;
          font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">decreased 4% to $422.7 million, or 5% on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. The decrease was mainly driven by the decline in revenues, partially offset by </font>lower




        inventory costs due to cost savings initiatives.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Contribution to Profit:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contribution to Profit </font><font style="background-color:
          #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">decreased 2% to $121.6 million as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges and </font>a brand impairment charge in the
        first quarter of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2018<font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">,
          contribution to profit increased 1%. This was primarily due to lower operating expenses, which were primarily savings from operational excellence initiatives and restructuring activities.</font></font></div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zf1962baf285e4ccb92f96435286835be">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">% Change</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education Services</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">119,131</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">111,638</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Professional Assessment</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">61,094</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">59,868</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate Learning</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">63,835</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">60,086</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total Solutions Revenue</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">244,060</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">231,592</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cost of Sales (a)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">88,462</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Gross Profit</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Operating Expenses (a)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amortization of Intangibles</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,291</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,733</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)%</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restructuring Charges (see Note 7)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Contribution to Profit</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">22,099</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14,822</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">49</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">56</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contribution Margin</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6.4</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z1108ef059bdb4313981a720bb22511c5" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(a)</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection </font>with the acquisition of Learning House, we changed our
                    accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are
                    included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding
                    decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net or Contribution to Profit.&#160; Refer to
                    &#8220;Change in Accounting Policy&#8221; in Note 2, &#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards,&#8221; for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition,&#8221; for more
                    information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(b)&#160; Adjusted to exclude FX impact and Restructuring Charges.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Revenue:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions revenue </font><font style="background-color:
          #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">increased 5% to $244.1 million, or 3%, on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year, mainly driven by growth in Education Services tuition revenue growth due to
          higher enrollments, partially offset by a decline in Corporate Learning (CrossKnowledge) where French government funding slowed for unemployment initiatives and blended learning programs.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Gross Profit:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Gross Profit </font><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF;
          font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">increased 7% to $155.6 million, or 5% on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. The increase primarily reflected the impact of higher revenue.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">33</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A 100-basis-point improvement in
          gross profit margin was due to higher revenues and increased efficiency in recruiting Education Services students, which resulted in lower recruitment costs.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Contribution to Profit:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contribution to Profit </font><font style="background-color:
          #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">increased 49% to $22.1 million as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges, contribution to profit increased 56%, primarily
          due to the improvement in gross profit partially offset by higher operating expenses, including higher advertising and marketing expenses of $6 million to support sales growth.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Education Services Partners and Programs</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2018, we had 34 university partners and 239 programs under contract.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">CORPORATE EXPENSES:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-right: 2.15pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate
          Expenses w</font><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ere $183.6 million and $178.5 million in the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.&#160;On a constant currency basis
          and excluding restructuring charges and a one-time pension settlement charge in the prior year, these expenses decreased 2%, primarily due to the following:</font></font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z06083397c3af46e9b0a6fed9ad0472b0" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">lower <font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">technology costs of
                    approximately $10 million driven by reduced spending on our ERP system and other reductions in depreciation, outsourcing, and systems development consulting costs; and</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zbe007dc2c4954fd09f6b3c2019770e74" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">savings from operational excellence initiatives and restructuring activities;</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">partially offset by:</font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z3369e6b340914f3c838b6f5f54512df5" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">strategy <font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">consultation
                    costs in the current year of $7.1 million; and</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="ze6fcb1c3bd5847f9a21bd34785e681ae" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">one-time <font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
                    serif;">benefits in the prior year related to changes in our retiree and long-term disability plans of $4.2 million and a life insurance recovery of $2 million.</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>FISCAL YEAR 2020 OUTLOOK</u></font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>(amounts in millions, except Adjusted EPS)</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are currently in the process of realigning our existing reporting structure to our new strategic focus areas. This
        realignment will include the following changes to our segment reporting structure: (1) Education and Professional Publishing, which now consists of the current Publishing segment plus our Corporate Learning and Professional Assessment businesses,
        and (2) Education Services, which will now include our OPM businesses, including Learning House. Our Research segment will be renamed Research Publishing and Platforms and will continue to include our current Research and Atypon businesses.</font></div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z1e62778c41f84aa9b99da3c0e7dca473">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Item</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Fiscal Year</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2019 Actual</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Fiscal Year 2020 Outlook</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Constant Currency</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,800</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,840 - 1,870</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research Publishing &amp; Platforms</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">937</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">950-960</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education &amp; Professional Publishing</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">690-700</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">158</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">388</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">360-375</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.96</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.45-2.55</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Free Cash Flow</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">149</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">210-230</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    <div><br>
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    <div>
      <div>
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            <tr>
              <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
                <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt; font-family: Symbol, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8226;</div>
              </td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
                <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fiscal year 2020 Adjusted EPS is expected to decline primarily due to non-cash amortization expense related to acquisitions and
                    increased investment to grow and optimize Research and Education Services.</font></div>
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            </tr>

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              <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
                <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
              </td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
                <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Forward-looking metrics include impact from Learning House and Knewton acquisitions.</font></div>
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              <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
                <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
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                    multi-year Business Optimization Program. We anticipate approximately $15 million to $20 million of restructuring charges, of which approximately $10 million to $15 million to be severance-related costs and the remainder to be related
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      <div>
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              <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
                <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
              </td>
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              </td>
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      </div>
    </div>
    <br>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">34</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Adjusted EBITDA</font>:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Below is a reconciliation of GAAP net income to Non-GAAP EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:</font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Year Ended</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30,</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Net Income</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">168,263</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest expense</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">16,121</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Provision for income taxes</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">44,689</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Depreciation and amortization</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">161,155</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-GAAP EBITDA</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">390,228</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restructuring and related (credits) charges</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,118</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign exchange transaction losses</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6,016</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest and other income</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(11,100</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">388,262</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL
            RESOURCES:</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Principal Sources of Liquidity</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We believe that our operating cash flow, together with our revolving credit facilities and other available debt financing, will be adequate
        to meet our operating, investing, and financing needs in the foreseeable future, although there can be no assurance that continued or increased volatility in the global capital and credit markets will not impair our ability to access these markets
        on terms commercially acceptable. We do not have any off-balance-sheet debt.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $92.9 million, of which approximately $81.0 million, or 87% was located outside the
        U.S.&#160; Maintenance of these cash and cash equivalent balances outside the U.S. does not have a material impact on the liquidity or capital resources of our operations.&#160;Notwithstanding the Tax Act which generally eliminated federal income tax on
        future cash repatriation to the U.S., cash repatriation may be subject to state and local taxes or withholding or similar taxes. As described in Note 12, &#8220;Income Taxes,&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, since April 30, 2018, we no
        longer intend to permanently reinvest earnings outside the U.S. We have a $2.0 million liability related to the estimated taxes that would be incurred upon repatriating certain non-U.S. earnings.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019, we had $478.8 million of debt outstanding
          and approximately $623.9 million of unused borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit and other facilities. </font>Our credit agreement contains certain restrictive covenants related to our consolidated leverage ratio and interest coverage
        ratio, which we were in compliance with as of April 30, 2019.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On May 30, 2019, we
          entered into a credit agreement that amended and restated the existing agreement. The credit agreement provides for senior unsecured credit facilities comprised of a (i) five-year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount up to
          $1.25 billion, and (ii) a five-year term loan A facility consisting of $250 million. </font>The agreement contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a financial covenant in the form of a consolidated net leverage
        ratio and consolidated interest coverage ratio. <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We incurred approximately $4.0 million of costs related to this agreement.</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A summary of contractual obligations and commercial commitments, excluding unrecognized tax benefits further described in Note 12, &#8220;Income
        Taxes,&#8221; of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">,</font> as of April 30, 2019 is as follows:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zfc2c0c36bae0467baa5a025d2a673a82">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="14">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Payments Due by Period</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Within</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Year 1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2&#8211;3</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Years</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">4&#8211;5</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Years</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">After 5</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Years</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Debt</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">478.8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">478.8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest on Debt <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">31.9</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">17.5</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14.4</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Non-Cancelable Leases</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">248.6</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">30.9</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">50.5</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">37.8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">129.4</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Minimum Royalty Obligations</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">469.8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">101.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">160.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">106.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">102.5</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other Operating Commitments</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57.4</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">36.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">20.8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.5</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,286.5</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">185.6</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">724.6</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">144.4</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">231.9</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zaef2ba06e450423ca5963abd3e0a70b7" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1)</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest on Debt includes the effect of our interest rate swap agreements and the estimated future interest payments on our unhedged variable rate debt,
                    assuming that the interest rates as of April 30, 2019 remain constant until the maturity of the debt.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">35</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Analysis of Historical Cash Flow</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The following table shows the changes in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017.</font></div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z5ac2db9d5aa340dab44b328ba60ef005">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="10">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Year Ended April 30,</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">250,831</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">382,322</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">314,903</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Cash Used in Investing Activities</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(301,502</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(177,411</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(243,010</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Cash Used in Financing Activities</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(17,595</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(96,831</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(346,172</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Effect of Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(8,443</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,661</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(31,011</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending helps assess our ability, over the long term, to create value for our shareholders, as it
        represents cash available to repay debt, pay common dividends, and fund share repurchases and new acquisitions. Below are the details of Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cash </font>flow from operations is seasonally a use of cash in
        the first half of Wiley&#8217;s fiscal year principally due to the timing of collections for annual journal subscriptions, which occurs in the beginning of the second half of our fiscal year.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending:</font></div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zba6e3d6128bc43bdad5afed698fe08cf">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="10">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Year Ended April 30,</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">250,831</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">382,322</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">314,903</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Less: Additions to Technology, Property and Equipment</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(77,167</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(114,225</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(105,058</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Less: Product Development Spending</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(24,426</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(36,503</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(43,603</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">149,238</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">231,594</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">166,242</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">2019 compared to 2018</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities in the year ended April 30, 2019 decreased $131.5 million compared to the year ended April 30, 2018
        to $250.8 million primarily due to the following factors:</font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z0988242a200f43539e321a3d20a36583" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">lower net earnings adjusted for non-cash items of $24 million, including Learning House;</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z7d3ac447023c4517a56401024ed7a705" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the unfavorable net impact on accounts receivable and deferred revenue (contract liabilities) from the delay in billings and
                  subsequent collections of calendar year 2019 journal subscriptions of $57 million;</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z5b0edcd40b424e38b1dc1968bd8e415c" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the net use of cash for other working capital items, including the payment of accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $26
                  million, primarily due to timing of payments and lower accruals for incentive compensation;</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z63aaf1fef7ab4cf88aca3829a4414df8" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a net use of cash related to employee retirement plan contributions of $13 million, which includes a $10.0 million tax-advantage
                  discretionary <font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">contribution to the </font>U.S. Employees' Retirement Plan in fiscal year 2019; and</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zfe13b043804e4437acd521205c6a5ada" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">certain one-time closing costs related to the Learning House acquisition of $10 million.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our negative working capital was $379.8 million and $394.3 million as of April 30, 2019, and April 30, 2018, respectively, due to the
        seasonality of our businesses. The primary driver of the negative working capital is unearned contract liabilities (deferred revenue) related to subscriptions for which cash has been collected in advance. Cash received in advance for subscriptions
        is used by us for a number of purposes, including acquisitions, debt repayments, funding operations, dividend payments and purchasing treasury shares.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our change in working capital of $14.6 million was primarily due
        </font>to the delay in billings and subsequent cash collections for calendar year 2019 subscriptions partly related to our ERP transition. We estimate that approximately $35 million of cash collections for calendar year 2019 journal subscriptions
        collections were delayed into fiscal year 2020<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The contract liabilities (deferred revenue) will be recognized as income when the products are shipped or made available online to the
        customers over the term of the subscription. Current liabilities as of April 30, 2019 and as of April 30, 2018 includes $507.4 million and $486.4 million, respectively, primarily related to deferred subscription revenue for which cash was collected
        in advance.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">36</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We expect that our fiscal year 2020 cash flow from operations will benefit from the expected recovery on the timing of journal subscriptions
        collections. We expect timing related changes in working capital will not be as pronounced as we enter into fiscal 2021. During that time, we expect our cash flow from operations and financial position to continue to provide us with the opportunity
        and capacity to execute our strategies.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">2018 compared to 2017</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended
          April 30,</font> 2018 increased $67.4 million from <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2017 to $382.3 million. This was primarily due to:</font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z2cb2dd176bd54effaef1631cdb9798c1" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a $40.7 million favorable impact on accounts payable from the timing of vendor payments;</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z66a41b2680034439bd7dd6782766f006" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a $12.1 million favorable impact from lower employee retirement plan contributions; and</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="za85b072a39e041cdac5254f654ccd2d0" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a $15.7 million favorable impact on accounts receivable from the timing of customer payments.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The factors above were partially offset by a $15.0 million unfavorable impact from higher taxes paid in <font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30, </font>2018 as compared with prior year.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our negative working capital was $394.3 million and $428.1 million as of April 30, 2018, and April 30, 2017, respectively. The primary driver
        of the negative working capital is unearned deferred revenue related to subscriptions for which cash has been collected in advance. Cash received in advance for subscriptions is used by us for a number of purposes, including funding operating
        activities, acquisitions, debt repayments, dividend payments, and repurchasing treasury shares. The deferred revenue will be recognized as income when the products are shipped or made available online to the customers over the term of the
        subscription period. Current liabilities as of April 30, 2018 include $486.4 million of such deferred subscription revenue for which cash was collected in advance.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The $33.8 million change in working capital was primarily due to the seasonality of our businesses and the impact from the changes in
        accounts receivable and accounts payable discussed above. For<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> the year ended April 30,</font> 2019, working capital performance from accounts receivable and accounts
        payable is expected to be in line with <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2018.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Net Cash Used in Investing Activities</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">2019 compared to 2018</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Cash Used in Investing Activities in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April
          30,</font> 2019 was $301.5 million compared to $177.4 million in the prior year. The increase was due to $190.4 million of net cash used to acquire Learning House.&#160; This was partially offset by a decrease of $37.1 million due to lower spending
        for technology, property and equipment in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2019 as a result of the May 2018 implementation of our enterprise resource planning system
        (&#8220;ERP&#8221;) order to cash release for journal subscriptions and the completion of our headquarters renovations. In addition, a $12.1 million decrease in product development spending, which was primarily due to the adoption of Topic 606 whereby certain
        costs to fulfill contracts, which were previously included in product development spending are now included in cash flow from operations. As well as a decrease of $17.2 million in cash used for the acquisition of publication rights.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Projected capital spending for Technology, Property and Equipment and Product Development Spending for <font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2020 is forecast to be approximately $125 million. Projected spending for author advances, which is classified as an operating activity, is forecast to be
        approximately $134 million for <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2020.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">2018 compared to 2017</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Cash Used in Investing Activities in<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> the year ended April
          30,</font> 2018 was $177.4 million, compared to $243.0 million in the prior year. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font>
        2018 was primarily due to:</font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zc96ea9be85e44b9caeef74626d8ebb56" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">our investment in the year ended April 30, 2017 in acquisitions of $125.9 million compared to no investments in the year ended
                  April 30, 2018. The year ended April 30, 2017 includes cash used for the acquisitions of Atypon ($121 million) and Ranku ($5 million), net of cash acquired;</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">partially offset by:</font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z529cf90bb0ca4a3da87e03e3ba6e8249" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$60.4 million in proceeds we received in the year ended April 30, 2017 related to the settlement of a foreign exchange forward
                  contract that was entered into in the year ended April 30, 2016 to manage foreign currency exposures on intercompany loans.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">37</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Net Cash Used In Financing Activities</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">2019 compared to 2018</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Cash Used In Financing Activities was $17.6 million in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the
          year ended April 30,</font> 2019 compared to $96.8 million in fiscal year 2018. This decrease in cash used in financing activities was due to an increase in net borrowings of $128.7 million in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times
          New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2019 compared to <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2018. This was partially offset by $25.5 million of lower
        cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options and an increase in cash used of $20.3 million to repurchase shares of our Class A Common Stock.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">During <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2019, we repurchased
        1,191,496 shares of Class A Common stock at an average price of $50.35 compared to 713,177 shares of Class A Common Stock at an average price of $55.65 in the prior year. In <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2019, we increased our quarterly dividend to shareholders by 3% to $1.32 per share annualized versus $1.28 per share annualized in the prior year.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019, we had authorization from our Board of Directors to purchase up to 1,888,975 additional shares.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">2018 compared to 2017</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Cash Used in Financing Activities was $96.8 million in<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> the
          year ended April 30,</font> 2018 compared to $346.2 million in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30, </font>2017. This decrease in cash used was due to lower net debt repayments in<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> the year ended April 30,</font> 2018. Net debt repayments in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font>
        2018 were $8.6 million compared to $240.0 million in the prior year.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">During <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the year ended April 30,</font> 2018, we repurchased
        713,177 shares of common stock at an average price of $55.65, compared to 953,188 shares at an average price of $52.80 in the prior year. As of April 30, 2018, we had authorization from our Board of Directors to purchase up to 3,080,471 additional
        shares.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">RECENTLY ISSUED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS, ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE, AND DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are subject to numerous recently issued statements of financial accounting standards, accounting guidance, and disclosure requirements.
        The information set forth in Note 2, &#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards,&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-K is incorporated by reference and
        describes these new accounting standards.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S.&#160;GAAP requires our management to make
        estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and revenue and expenses during the reporting period.&#160;These
        estimates include, among other items, revenue recognition, sales return reserves, allocation of acquisition purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, intangible assets with finite
        lives and other long-lived assets, and retirement plans.&#160; We review these estimates and assumptions periodically using historical experience and other factors and reflect the effects of any revisions on the Consolidated Financial Statements in the
        period we determine any revisions to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates, which could affect the reported results. Note 2, &#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting
        Standards&#8221; of the &#8220;Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements&#8221; includes a summary of the significant accounting policies and methods used in preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Set forth below is a discussion of our more critical
        accounting policies and methods.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Revenue Recognition:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Note 3, &#8220;Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of our revenue
        recognition policy.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Sales Return Reserves:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The process that we use to determine our sales returns and the related reserve provision charged against revenue is based on applying an
        estimated return rate to current year returnable print book sales. This rate is based upon an analysis of actual historical return experience in the various markets and geographic regions in which we do business. We collect, maintain, and analyze
        significant amounts of sales returns data for large volumes of homogeneous transactions. This allows us to make reasonable estimates of the amount of future returns. All available data is utilized to identify the returns by market and as to which
        fiscal year the sales returns apply. This enables management to track the returns in detail and identify and react to trends occurring in the marketplace, with the objective of being able to make the most informed judgments possible in setting
        reserve rates. Associated with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related increase to inventory and a reduction to accrued royalties as a result of the expected returns. Print book sales return reserves amounted to a net
        liability balance of $18.5 million and $18.6 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">38</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The reserves are reflected in the following accounts of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position &#8211; increase (decrease):</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z2c66117577c240e180b0fe7d211471a7">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center; text-indent: 4pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center; text-indent: 7pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accounts receivable, net <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(28,302</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Inventories, net</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,739</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,626</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accrued royalties</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,653</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5,048</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contract liability (Deferred revenue) <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">25,934</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Decrease in Net Assets</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(18,542</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(18,628</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1) </sup><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Due to the </font>adoption of the new revenue
        standard (See Note 3, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers)</font>, the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded in Contract
        Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, the sales return reserve of $28.3 million was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A one percent change in the estimated sales return rate could affect net income by approximately $1.5 million. A change in the pattern or
        trends in returns could also affect the estimated allowance.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Allocation of Acquisition Purchase Price to
          Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed</font>:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection with acquisitions, we allocate the cost of the acquisition to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on the
        estimates of fair value for such items, including intangible assets and technology acquired. Such estimates include discounted estimated cash flows expected to be generated by those assets and the expected useful lives based on historical
        experience and current market trends to be achieved from the acquisition and the expected tax basis of assets acquired. We may use a third-party valuation consultant to assist in the determination of such estimates.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible
          Assets:</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Goodwill is reviewed for possible impairment at least annually on a reporting unit level during the fourth quarter of each year. A review of
        goodwill may be initiated before or after conducting the annual analysis if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may no longer be recoverable.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A reporting unit is the operating segment unless, at businesses one level below that operating segment&#8211; the &#8220;component&#8221; level&#8211;discrete
        financial information is prepared and regularly reviewed by management, and the component has economic characteristics that are different from the economic characteristics of the other components of the operating segment, in which case the
        component is the reporting unit.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As part of the annual impairment test, we may conduct an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not
        that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. In a qualitative assessment, we would consider the macroeconomic conditions, including any deterioration of general conditions and industry and market conditions, including
        any deterioration in the environment where the reporting unit operates, increased competition, changes in the products/services and regulatory and political developments, cost of doing business, overall financial performance, including any
        declining cash flows and performance in relation to planned revenues and earnings in past periods, other relevant reporting unit specific facts, such as changes in management or key personnel or pending litigation, and events affecting the
        reporting unit, including changes in the carrying value of net assets.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">If an optional qualitative goodwill impairment assessment is not performed, we are required to determine the fair value of each reporting
        unit using the two-step process. In step one, we compare the fair value of each of our reporting units with goodwill to its carrying value, including the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its
        carrying value, there is no indication of impairment and no further testing is required. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, we must perform step two of the impairment test to measure the amount of impairment
        loss, if any. In step two, the reporting unit&#8217;s fair value is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical analysis that calculates the implied fair value of
        goodwill in the same manner as if the reporting unit were being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of the reporting unit&#8217;s goodwill is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as an impairment loss.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">39</font></div>
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We derive an estimate of fair values for each of our reporting units using a combination of an income approach and a market approach, each
        based on an applicable weighting. We assess the applicable weighting based on such factors as current market conditions and the quality and reliability of the data. Absent an indication of fair value from a potential buyer or similar specific
        transactions, we believe that the use of these methods provides a reasonable estimate of a reporting unit&#8217;s fair value.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fair value computed by these methods is arrived at using a number of factors, including projected future operating results, anticipated
        future cash flows, effective income tax rates, comparable marketplace data within a consistent industry grouping, and the cost of capital. There are inherent uncertainties, however, related to these factors and to our judgment in applying them to
        this analysis. Nonetheless, we believe that the combination of these methods provides a reasonable approach to estimate the fair value of our reporting units. Assumptions for sales, net earnings, and cash flows for each reporting unit were
        consistent among these methods.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Annual Goodwill Impairment Test</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of February 1, 2019, we completed step one of our annual
          goodwill impairment test for our reporting units. We concluded that the fair values of these reporting units were above their carrying values and, therefore, there was no indication of impairment.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Income Approach Used to Determine Fair Values</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The income approach is based upon the present value of expected cash flows. Expected cash flows are converted to present value using factors
        that consider the timing and risk of the future cash flows. The estimate of cash flows used is prepared on an unleveraged debt-free basis. We use a discount rate that reflects a market-derived weighted average cost of capital. We believe that this
        approach is appropriate because it provides a fair value estimate based upon the reporting unit&#8217;s expected long-term operating and cash flow performance. The projections are based upon our best estimates of projected economic and market conditions
        over the related period including growth rates, estimates of future expected changes in operating margins, and cash expenditures. Other significant estimates and assumptions include terminal value long-term growth rates, provisions for income
        taxes, future capital expenditures, and changes in future cashless, debt-free working capital.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Market Approach Used to Determine Fair Values</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The market approach used estimates the fair value of the reporting unit by applying multiples of operating performance measures to the
        reporting unit&#8217;s operating performance (the &#8220;Guideline Public Company Method&#8221;). These multiples are derived from comparable publicly-traded companies with similar investment characteristics to the reporting unit, and such comparable data are
        reviewed and updated as needed annually. We believe that this approach is appropriate because it provides a fair value estimate using multiples from entities with operations and economic characteristics comparable to our reporting units and Wiley.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The key estimates and assumptions that are used to determine fair value under this market approach include current and forward 12-month
        operating performance results, as applicable, and the selection of the relevant multiples to be applied. Under the Guideline Public Company Method, a control premium, or an amount that a buyer is usually willing to pay over the current market price
        of a publicly traded company, is considered and applied, to the calculated equity values to adjust the public trading value upward for a 100% ownership interest, where applicable.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In order to assess the reasonableness of the calculated fair values of our reporting units, we also compare the sum of the reporting units&#8217;
        fair values to our market capitalization and calculate an implied control premium (the excess of the sum of the reporting units&#8217; fair values over the market capitalization). We evaluate the control premium by comparing it to control premiums of
        recent comparable market transactions. If the implied control premium is not reasonable in light of these recent transactions, we will reevaluate our fair value estimates of the reporting units by adjusting the discount rates and/or other
        assumptions.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">If our assumptions and related estimates change in the future, or if we change our reporting unit structure or other events and circumstances
        change (such as a sustained decrease in the price of our common stock, a decline in current market multiples, a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climates, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, heightened
        competition, strategic decisions made in response to economic or competitive conditions, or a more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or disposed of), we may be required to
        record impairment charges in future periods. Any impairment charges that we may take in the future could be material to our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Note 11, &#8220;Goodwill and Intangible Assets,&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of our goodwill balance and the
        goodwill review performed in 2019 and other related information.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">40</font></div>
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Intangible Assets with Finite Lives and Other Long-Lived Assets:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Finite-lived intangible assets principally consist of brands, trademarks, content and publication rights, customer relationships, and
        non-compete agreements and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The most significant factors in determining the estimated lives of these intangibles are the history and longevity of the brands, trademarks, and content and publication
        rights acquired combined with the strength of cash flows.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Intangible assets with finite lives as of April 30, 2019, are amortized on a straight line basis over the following weighted average
        estimated useful lives: content and publishing rights &#8211; 34 years, customer relationships &#8211; 18 years, brands and trademarks &#8211; 16 years, non-compete agreements &#8211; 3 years.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Assets with finite lives are evaluated for impairment upon a significant change in the operating or macroeconomic environment.&#160;In these
        circumstances, if an evaluation of the projected undiscounted cash flows indicates impairment, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value based on the discounted future cash flows.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Retirement Plans:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We provide defined benefit pension plans for certain employees worldwide. Our Board of Directors approved amendments to the U.S., Canada and
        U.K. defined benefit plans that froze the future accumulation of benefits effective June 30, 2013, December 31, 2015, and April 30, 2015, respectively. Under the amendments, no new employees will be permitted to enter these plans and no additional
        benefits for current participants for future services will be accrued after the effective dates of the amendments.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The accounting for benefit plans is highly dependent on assumptions concerning the outcome of future events and circumstances, including
        discount rates, long-term return rates on pension plan assets, healthcare cost trends, compensation increases and other factors. In determining such assumptions, we consult with outside actuaries and other advisors.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The discount rates for the U.S., Canada and U.K. pension plans are based on the derivation of a single-equivalent discount rate using a
        standard spot rate curve and the timing of expected benefit payments as of the balance sheet date. The spot rate curves are based upon portfolios of corporate bonds rated at Aa or above by a respected rating agency. The discount rate for Germany is
        based on a similar published index with a duration comparable to that of the plan&#8217;s liabilities. The expected long-term rates of return on pension plan assets are estimated using market benchmarks for equities, real estate, and bonds applied to
        each plan&#8217;s target asset allocation and are estimated by asset class, including an anticipated inflation rate. The expected long-term rates are then compared to the historic investment performance of the plan assets as well as future expectations
        and estimated through consultation with investment advisors and actuaries. Salary growth and healthcare cost trend assumptions are based on our historical experience and future outlook. While we believe that the assumptions used in these
        calculations are reasonable, differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions could materially affect the expense and liabilities related to our defined benefit pension plans. A hypothetical one percent increase in the discount rate would
        increase net income and decrease the accrued pension liability by approximately $1.4 million and $135.1 million, respectively. A one percent decrease in the discount rate would decrease net income and increase the accrued pension liability by
        approximately $0.6 million and $165.9 million, respectively. A one percent change in the expected long-term rate of return would affect net income by approximately $4.7 million.</font></div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">41</font></div>
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    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:b4bbeeb9-898c-4cbd-8d1f-06646e96b9eb">
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item7A."><!--Anchor--></a>Item 7A. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-weight: bold;">Q</font>uantitative and
              Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are exposed to market risk primarily related to interest rates, foreign exchange, and credit risk. It is our policy to monitor these
        exposures and to use derivative financial investments and/or insurance contracts from time to time to reduce fluctuations in earnings and cash flows when it is deemed appropriate to do so. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading
        or speculative purposes.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest Rates:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">From time to time, we may use interest rate swaps, collars, or options to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. It is
        management&#8217;s intention that the notional amount of interest rate swaps be less than the variable rate loans outstanding during the life of the derivatives.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The information set forth in Note 14, "Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
        under the caption "Interest Rate Contracts," is incorporated herein by reference.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On an annual basis, a hypothetical one percent change in interest rates for the $128.8 million of unhedged variable rate debt as of April 30,
        2019 would affect net income and cash flow by approximately $1.0 million.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign Exchange Rates:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fluctuations in the currencies of countries where we operate outside the U.S. may have a significant impact on financial results. We are
        primarily exposed to movements in British pound sterling, euros, Canadian and Australian dollars, and certain currencies in Asia. The Statements of Financial Position of non-U.S. business units are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end
        exchange rates for assets and liabilities and the Statements of Income are translated into U.S. dollars using weighted-average exchange rates for revenues and expenses.<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
          The percentage of Consolidated Revenue for the year ended April 30, 2019 recognized in the following currencies (on an equivalent U.S. dollar basis) were approximately: 54% U.S dollar, 26% British pound sterling, 12% euro, and 8% other
          currencies.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our significant investments in non-U.S. businesses are exposed
          to foreign currency risk.&#160;Adjustments resulting from translating assets and liabilities are reported as a separate component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss within Shareholders&#8217; Equity under the caption Foreign Currency Translation
          Adjustment.&#160;During the year ended April 30, 2019, we recorded foreign currency translation losses in other comprehensive income of approximately $60.5 million primarily as a result of the fluctuations of the U.S. dollar relative to the British
          pound sterling and, </font>to a lesser extent, the euro.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Exchange rate gains or losses related to foreign currency transactions are recognized as transaction gains or losses on the Consolidated
        Statements of Income as incurred. Under certain circumstances, we may enter into derivative financial instruments in the form of foreign currency forward contracts to hedge against specific transactions, including intercompany purchases and loans.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We may enter into forward exchange contracts to manage our exposure on certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities.&#160; As of
        April 30, 2019, and 2018, we did not maintain any open forward contracts.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The information set forth in Note 14, "Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
        under the caption "Foreign Currency Contracts," is incorporated herein by reference.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Customer Credit Risk:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the journal publishing business, subscriptions are primarily sourced through journal subscription agents who, acting as agents for library
        customers, facilitate ordering by consolidating the subscription orders/billings of each subscriber with various publishers. Cash is generally collected in advance from subscribers by the subscription agents and is principally remitted to us
        between the months of December and April. Although at fiscal year-end we had minimal credit risk exposure to these agents, future calendar-year subscription receipts from these agents are highly dependent on their financial condition and liquidity.
        Subscription agents account for approximately 20% of total annual consolidated revenue and one affiliated group of subscription agents accounts for approximately 10% of total annual consolidated revenue.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our book business is not dependent upon a single customer; however, the industry is concentrated in national, regional, and online bookstore
        chains. Although no one book customer accounts for more than 8% of total consolidated revenue and 11% of accounts receivable at April 30, 2019, the top 10 book customers account for approximately 13% of total consolidated revenue and approximately
        21% of accounts receivable at April 30, 2019. We maintain approximately $25 million of trade credit insurance, covering balances due from certain named customers, subject to certain limitations and annual renewal.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">42</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Disclosure of Certain Activities Relating to Iran:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The European Union, Canada and the U.S. have imposed sanctions
          on business relationships with Iran, including restrictions on financial transactions and prohibitions on direct and indirect trading with listed &#8220;designated persons.&#8221; </font>In<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif;"> the year ended April 30,</font> 2019, we recorded an immaterial amount of revenue and net earnings related to the sale of scientific and medical content to certain publicly funded universities, hospitals and institutions that meet the
        definition of the &#8220;Government of Iran&#8221; as defined under section 560.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations. We assessed our business relationship and transactions with Iran and believe we are in compliance with the regulations governing the
        sanctions. We intend to continue in these or similar sales as long as they continue to be consistent with all applicable sanction-related regulations.</font></div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">43</font></div>
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    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:efea2881-0883-4beb-b306-b5a98c5d8485">
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item8."><!--Anchor--></a>Item 8. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-weight: bold;">Fin</font>ancial Statements and
              Supplementary Data</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -45pt; margin-left: 45pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The following Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes are filed as part of this report.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. and Subsidiaries</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z54c78516ba8f437992b22778f954c9a0">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#ReportofIndependentRegist"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Financial Statements</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><a href="#FINANCIALPOSITION"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Consolidated Statements of Financial Position - April 30, 2019 and 2018</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">49</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><a href="#STATEMENTSOFINCOME"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">50</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><a href="#COMPREHENSIVEINCOME"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income<font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font>for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">51</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><a href="#CASHFLOWS"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                    Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font>for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">52</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><a href="#SHAREHOLDERSEQUITY"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Consolidated Statements of Shareholders&#8217; Equity for the years ended April 30, 2019,
                  2018, and 2017</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">54</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -45.1pt; margin-left: 80.85pt;"><a href="#Note1DescriptionofBusines"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 1.&#160; &#160; Description of Business</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">55</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 35.75pt;"><a href="#Note2SummaryofSignificant"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 2.&#160; &#160; Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and
                  Recently Adopted Accounting Standards</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">55</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 35.75pt;"><a href="#Note3RevenueRecognitionCo"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 3.&#160; &#160; Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">63</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note4Acquisition"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 4.&#160; &#160; Acquisition</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">69</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note5ReconciliationofWeig"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 5.&#160; &#160; Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">71</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note6AccumulatedOtherComp"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 6.&#160; &#160; Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">71</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note7RestructuringandRela"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 7.&#160; &#160; Restructuring and Related Charges</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">71</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note8Inventories"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 8.&#160; &#160; Inventories</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">72</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note9ProductDevelopmentAs"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 9.&#160; &#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
                    serif;">Product Development Assets</font></font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">73</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note10TechnologyPropertya"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 10.&#160; Technology, Property, and Equipment</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">73</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note11GoodwillandIntangib"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 11.&#160; Goodwill and Intangible Assets</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">74</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note12IncomeTaxes"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 12.&#160; Income Taxes</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">76</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note13DebtandAvailableCre"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 13.&#160; Debt and Available Credit Facilities</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">79</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note14DerivativeInstrumen"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 14.&#160; Derivative Instruments and Activities</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">79</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note15CommitmentandContin"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 15.&#160; Commitment and Contingencies</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">80</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note16RetirementPlans"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 16.&#160; Retirement Plans</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">81</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note17Stock-BasedCompensa"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 17.&#160; Stock-Based Compensation</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">85</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note18CapitalStockandChan"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 18.&#160; Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">87</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note19SegmentInformation"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 19.&#160; Segment Information</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">88</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><a href="#Note20SupplementaryQuarte"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 20.&#160; Supplementary Quarterly Financial Information&#8211;Results By Quarter
                  (Unaudited)</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">90</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 35.5pt;"><a href="#Note21SubsequentEvents"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Note 21.&#160; Subsequent Events</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">91</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Financial Statement Schedule</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 93.1%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><a href="#ScheduleII"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Schedule II &#8211; Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and
                  2017</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.9%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">97</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">44</font></div>
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    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:80d62073-2b02-4a88-bd6c-4616f3edd6ee">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">MANAGEMENT&#8217;S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">To our Shareholders</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The management of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. and subsidiaries is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over
        financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f).</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control
        over financial reporting based on the framework in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Internal Control &#8211; Integrated Framework</font> (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
        Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our evaluation under the framework in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Internal Control &#8211; Integrated Framework </font>issued
        by COSO<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">, </font>our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of April 30, 2019.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Company acquired </font>Learning House during fiscal year
        2019, which represented approximately 1% of total consolidated assets, excluding goodwill and intangibles which are included within the scope of the assessment, and approximately 2% of total consolidated revenues of the Company as of and for the
        year ended April 30, 2019.&#160; Learning House was excluded from the Company's assessment of the effectiveness of the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2019.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are in the process of implementing a new global enterprise resource planning system (&#8220;ERP&#8221;) that will enhance our business and financial
        processes and standardize our information systems. We have completed the implementation of record-to-report, purchase-to-pay and several other business processes within all locations and will continue to roll out the ERP in phases over the next
        year.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As with any new information system we implement, this application, along with the internal controls over financial reporting included in this
        process, will require testing for effectiveness. In connection with this ERP implementation, we are updating our internal controls over financial reporting, as necessary, to accommodate modifications to our business processes and accounting
        procedures. We do not believe that the ERP implementation will have an adverse effect on our internal control over financial reporting.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Except as described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are
        reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting during fiscal year 2019.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2019 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent
        registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Company&#8217;s Corporate Governance Principles, Committee Charters, Business Conduct and Ethics Policy and the Code of Ethics for Senior
        Financial Officers are published on our web site at www.wiley.com under the &#8220;About Wiley&#8212;Corporate Governance&#8221; captions.&#160; Copies are also available free of charge to shareholders on request to the Corporate Secretary, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.,
        111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">/s/ Brian A. Napack</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 74%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Brian A. Napack</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 74%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">President and Chief Executive Officer</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 74%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
          </td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">/s/ John A. Kritzmacher</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 74%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">John A. Kritzmacher</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 74%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Chief Financial Officer and</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 74%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
          </td>
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          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Executive Vice President, Operations</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 74%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">/s/ Christopher F. Caridi</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 74%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Christopher F. Caridi</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 74%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller and</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 74%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Chief Accounting Officer</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 74%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">July 1, 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 74%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">45</font></div>
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  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:3f5979aa-4969-48ba-89b5-63a4d82c50df">
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="ReportofIndependentRegist"><!--Anchor--></a>Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">To the Shareholders and Board of Directors<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
        </font>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of John Wiley &amp;
        Sons, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders&#8217; equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended April 30, 2019,
        and the related notes and financial statement schedule (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as
        of April 30, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended April 30, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
        (PCAOB), the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2019, based on criteria established in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Internal Control &#8211; Integrated
          Framework (2013)</font> issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated July 1, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial
        reporting.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 5pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Change in Accounting Principle</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has elected to change its
        method of accounting for certain advertising and marketing costs. This change in accounting principle has been retrospectively applied to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for
        revenue recognition&#160;effective May 1, 2018 due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Revenue from Contracts with Customers</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 5pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Basis for Opinion</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company&#8217;s management. Our
        responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the
        U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
        reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated
        financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial
        statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide
        a reasonable basis for our opinion.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">/s/ KPMG LLP</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have served as the Company&#8217;s auditor since 2002.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">New York, New York<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
        </font>July 1, 2019</font></div>
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          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">46</font></div>
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">To the Shareholders and Board of Directors<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
        </font>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 5pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have audited <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">John
          Wiley &amp; Sons, </font>Inc. and subsidiaries&#8217; (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2019, based on criteria established in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">Internal Control &#8211; Integrated Framework (2013)</font> issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
          italic;">.</font> In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2019, based on criteria established in <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
          Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Internal Control &#8211; Integrated Framework (2013)</font> issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
        (PCAOB), the consolidated statements of financial position of the Company as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders&#8217; equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the
        three-year period ended April 30, 2019, and the related notes and financial statement schedule (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated July 1, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial
        statements.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Company acquired Learning House during fiscal year 2019, and management excluded from its assessment of the
        effectiveness of the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2019, Learning House&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting associated with approximately 1% of total consolidated assets, excluding goodwill and
        intangibles which are included within the scope of the assessment, and approximately 2% of total consolidated revenues of the Company as of and for the year ended April 30, 2019. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company
        also excluded an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Learning House.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 5pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Basis for Opinion</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Company&#8217;s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial
        reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management&#8217;s Report On Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the
        Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and
        the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform
        the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of
        internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such
        other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 5pt;"><br>
    </div>
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          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">47</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 5pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable
        assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting includes
        those policies and procedures that (1)&#160;pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2)&#160;provide reasonable assurance that
        transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with
        authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3)&#160;provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company&#8217;s assets that could have a material effect on
        the financial statements.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of
        any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">/s/ KPMG LLP</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 8pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">New York, New York<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
        </font>July 1, 2019</font></div>
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          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">48</font></div>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:27f778f9-4e05-4d30-a923-d4cf4b342e13">
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. and Subsidiaries</div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION<a name="FINANCIALPOSITION"><!--Anchor--></a></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Current Assets</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">92,890</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">169,773</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accounts receivable, net</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">294,867</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">212,377</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Inventories, net</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">35,582</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">39,489</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">67,441</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">58,332</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Current Assets</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">490,780</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">479,971</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Product Development Assets</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">62,470</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">78,814</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Royalty Advances, net</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">36,185</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">37,058</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Technology, Property and Equipment, net</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">289,021</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">289,934</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Intangible Assets, net</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">865,572</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">848,071</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Goodwill</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,095,666</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other Non-Current Assets</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">97,308</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,839,451</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Liabilities and Shareholders&#8217; Equity:</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Current Liabilities</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accounts payable</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">90,980</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">90,097</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accrued royalties</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">78,062</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">73,007</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">507,365</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">486,353</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accrued employment costs</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">97,230</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">116,179</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accrued income taxes</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21,025</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,927</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other accrued liabilities</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">75,900</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">94,748</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Current Liabilities</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">870,562</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">874,311</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Long-Term Debt</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">478,790</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">360,000</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accrued Pension Liability</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">166,331</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">190,301</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred Income Tax Liabilities</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">143,775</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">80,764</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">70,111</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,055</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,071</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Additional paid-in capital</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">422,305</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">407,120</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Retained earnings</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,931,074</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,834,057</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accumulated other comprehensive (loss):</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign currency translation adjustment</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(312,107</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(251,573</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Unamortized retirement costs, net of tax</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(196,057</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(191,026</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swap, net of tax</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(574</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(508,738</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Less: Treasury Shares At Cost (Class A &#8211; 22,633,869 and 21,853,257 as of April 30, 2019 and
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(746,476</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(694,222</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Shareholders&#8217; Equity</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,181,347</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,190,557</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,839,451</font></div>
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.</font></div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">49</font></div>
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        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:f6152677-4444-40ea-b5cd-9ab55c5e03fe">
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. and Subsidiaries</div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME<a name="STATEMENTSOFINCOME"><!--Anchor--></a></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="10">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">For the Years Ended April 30,</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017 <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)(2)</sup></font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue, net</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,800,069</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,796,103</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,718,530</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Costs and Expenses</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cost of sales <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(2)</sup></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">554,722</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">531,024</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">500,794</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Operating and administrative expenses <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)(2)</sup></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">963,582</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">956,822</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">943,242</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restructuring and related charges</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,118</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">28,566</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,355</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest Expense</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign Exchange Transaction (Losses) Gains</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest and Other Income (Expense) <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">213,931</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Provision for Income Taxes</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">44,689</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">77,473</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Income</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">168,263</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Earnings Per Share</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Basic</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.94</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.37</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.98</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Diluted</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.91</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.32</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.95</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Basic</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,192</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,043</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,337</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Diluted</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,840</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,888</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">58,199</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
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              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1)</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Due<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>to the retrospective
                  adoption of Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) 2017-07, &#8220;Compensation&#8212;Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,&#8221;, total net benefits (costs) of
                  $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) for the
                  years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Total net benefits (costs) related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were $8.8 million for the year ended April 30, 2019. Refer to
                  Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z8ad404b2a46442c2a5583431c2d2a419" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(2)</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection with the acquisition of The Learning House, Inc. (&#8220;Learning House&#8221;), we changed our accounting policy for certain
                  advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales
                  whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the
                  presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 35.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017 have been reclassified to reflect
        this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018, and
        2017, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to &#8220;Change in Accounting Policy&#8221; in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and
        Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition,&#8221; in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">50</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:e790ea97-d2a0-41ed-af27-cca65cf7dfcb">
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. and Subsidiaries</div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME<a name="COMPREHENSIVEINCOME"><!--Anchor--></a></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Dollars in thousands</font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zb60acec71f3540e89caa1ce552613620">

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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="10">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">For the Years Ended April 30,</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Income</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">168,263</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">192,186</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">113,643</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income:</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign currency translation adjustment</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(60,534</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">67,639</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(51,292</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Unrealized retirement costs, net of tax benefit of $1,337, $252, and $3,286, respectively</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5,031</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(524</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(11,097</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swaps, net of tax benefit (expense) of $1,161, $(459),
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          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,593</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">592</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,788</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(69,158</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">67,707</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(59,601</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Comprehensive Income</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.</font></div>
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    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
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      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">51</font></div>
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    <div><br>
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  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:39924883-fa30-4ca9-ac16-01c6d7344700">
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. and Subsidiaries</div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS<a name="CASHFLOWS"><!--Anchor--></a></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">192,186</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">113,643</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">54,658</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48,230</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">49,669</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">37,079</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">41,432</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">40,209</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Depreciation and amortization of technology, property and equipment</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">69,418</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">64,327</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restructuring charges</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,118</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">28,566</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,355</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred income tax benefit on U.K. rate changes</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Employee retirement plan expense</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign currency gains (losses)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6,016</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Unfavorable tax litigation</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8,842</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(11,934</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(30,752</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accounts payable</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">16,543</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accrued royalties</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,325</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,106</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">36,243</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">22,692</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accrued income taxes</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9,613</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(565</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">19,479</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restructuring payments</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(15,219</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(30,595</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other accrued liabilities</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(32,713</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,022</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10,367</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Employee retirement plan contributions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(40,470</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(105,058</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Acquisitions of publication rights and other</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(9,494</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Businesses acquired in purchase transactions, net of cash acquired</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Proceeds from settlement of foreign exchange forward contracts</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">60,417</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(177,411</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(243,010</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Financing Activities</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Borrowing of long-term debt</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Change in book overdrafts</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cash dividends</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net proceeds from exercise of stock options and other</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(8,443</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,661</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(31,011</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(Decrease)/Increase for year</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(76,709</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">111,741</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(305,290</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Balance at beginning of year</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">58,516</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">363,806</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">93,548</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">170,257</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">58,516</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14,867</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">12,221</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">15,733</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Income taxes, net of refunds</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48,264</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48,709</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">33,674</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Non-cash items:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Non-cash items associated with the acquisition of Learning House:</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 9.1pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Warrants to purchase 0.4 million shares of Wiley Class A Common Stock issued in connection with the Learning House
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">565</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">52</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z0ef8f7b1820c4ca593a89de5520186ef" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Due to the retrospective </font>adoption of ASU 2016-18, &#8220;Statement of Cash
                    Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash,&#8221; we are now required to include restricted cash as part of the change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. As a result, amounts which were previously classified as cash flows from operating
                    activities have been reclassified as they are recognized in the total change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Refer to Note 2, "<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Summary of
                      Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards</font>," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">53</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:c5d6baea-6a35-49cd-aefc-7a29c7df8122">
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. and Subsidiaries</div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY<a name="SHAREHOLDERSEQUITY"><!--Anchor--></a></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Dollars in thousands</font></div>
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    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zecec98d04f74455f9a07bd2361460a00">

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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Common Stock</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Class B</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Additional</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Paid-in Capital</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Treasury</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Comprehensive Loss</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Shareholder&#8217;s Equity</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Balance at April 30, 2016</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">69,798</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,392</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">368,698</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,673,325</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(640,421</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(447,686</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,037,106</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 16%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 16%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restricted Shares Issued under Stock-based Compensation&#160;Plans</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(7,617</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8,013</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Common Stock Class Conversions</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">113,643</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(59,601</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">54,042</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">70,086</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,096</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">387,896</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,715,423</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(676,077</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(507,287</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class B Common Stock Dividends ($1.28 per share)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(11,729</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(11,729</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Common Stock Class Conversions</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(25</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">192,186</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">67,707</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">259,893</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Balance at April 30, 2018</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">70,111</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,071</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">407,120</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Proceeds from Exercise of Stock Options and Other</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,751</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,327</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,327</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Purchase of Treasury Shares</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">99,105</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">70,127</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,055</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">422,305</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(746,476</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(508,738</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,181,347</font></div>
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    </table>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-weight: bold;">.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">54</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:d19dbe4f-dd41-4081-aabc-d3964f4ce5ab">
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. and Subsidiaries</div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:2db30a12-5ef7-4102-b9d7-1d420c7a512a">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note1DescriptionofBusines"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 1 &#8211; Description of Business</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Company, founded in 1807, was incorporated in the state of New York on January 15, 1904. Throughout this report, when we refer to
        &#8220;Wiley,&#8221; the &#8220;Company,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;our,&#8221; or &#8220;us,&#8221; we are referring to John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. and all of our subsidiaries, except where the context indicates otherwise.</font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are a global research and learning company. Through our <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">Research</font> segment, we provide scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, as well as related content and services, to academic, corporate, and government libraries, learned societies, and individual
        researchers and other professionals.&#160;The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Publishing</font> segment provides scientific, professional, and education books and related content in print
        and digital formats, as well as test preparation services and course workflow tools, to libraries, corporations, students, professionals, and researchers.&#160;The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
          italic;">Solutions </font>segment provides online program management services for higher education institutions and learning, development, and assessment services for businesses and professionals. We have operations primarily located in the
        United States, United Kingdom (&#8220;U.K.&#8221;), Germany, Russia, Singapore, and France.</font></div>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:c9f5e4fb-3078-4a3a-af2a-784f51f6e48b">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note2SummaryofSignificant"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 2 &#8211; Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently
      Adopted Accounting Standards</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</font></div>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:47edd2b0-7de0-4bc5-b175-ba4aa8af423c">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Basis of Presentation:</div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our Consolidated Financial Statements include all of the accounts of the Company and our subsidiaries. We have eliminated all intercompany
        transactions and balances in consolidation. All amounts are in thousands, except per share amounts, and approximate due to rounding.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection </font>with the acquisition of Learning House
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        costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting
        policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This
        reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share on the Consolidated Statements of Income.</font></div>
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  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:b5a46b1a-2b2e-4ee4-95f7-25131730aadd">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Reclassifications:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:8609b9cf-8a59-4816-b5aa-4ccd9a3a09a3">
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Use of Estimates:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires our management to make
        estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These
        estimates include, among other items, revenue recognition, sales return reserves, allocation of acquisition purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, intangible assets with finite
        lives and other long-lived assets, and retirement plans.&#160; We review these estimates and assumptions periodically using historical experience and other factors and reflect the effects of any revisions on the Consolidated Financial Statements in the
        period we determine any revisions to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates, which could affect the reported results.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">55</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:089977cd-a7c3-44e6-9597-a89dc44f1bb4">
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Book Overdrafts:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Under our cash management system, a book overdraft balance exists for our primary disbursement accounts. This overdraft represents uncleared
        checks in excess of cash balances in individual bank accounts. Our funds are transferred from other existing bank account balances or from lines of credit as needed to fund checks presented for payment. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, book
        overdrafts of $7.4 million and $13.1 million, respectively, were included in Accounts Payable on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:7e48526b-9670-4e35-b220-d14007170870">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Revenue Recognition:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Note 3, &#8220;Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of our revenue
        recognition policy.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:602c8607-c653-4cb3-afc7-733a2b96d8ff">
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Cash and Cash Equivalents:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase and
        are stated at cost, which approximates market value, because of the short-term maturity of the instruments.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:a0a615f8-6834-4935-a363-42739eb394a1">
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The estimated allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a review of the aging of the accounts receivable balances, historical write-off
        experience, credit evaluations of customers, and current market conditions. A change in the evaluation of a customer&#8217;s credit could affect the estimated allowance. The allowance for doubtful accounts is shown as a reduction of Accounts Receivable,
        net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and amounted to $14.3 million and $10.1 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:b0bcb076-dbec-48ce-a4c2-6ceab29b0271">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Sales Return Reserves:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The process that we use to determine our sales returns and the related reserve provision charged against revenue is based on applying an
        estimated return rate to current year returnable print book sales. This rate is based upon an analysis of actual historical return experience in the various markets and geographic regions in which we do business. We collect, maintain and analyze
        significant amounts of sales returns data for large volumes of homogeneous transactions. This allows us to make reasonable estimates of the amount of future returns. All available data is utilized to identify the returns by market and to which
        fiscal year the sales returns apply. This enables management to track the returns in detail and identify and react to trends occurring in the marketplace, with the objective of being able to make the most informed judgments possible in setting
        reserve rates. Associated with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related increase to inventory and a reduction to accrued royalties as a result of the expected returns. Print book sales return reserves amounted to a net
        liability balance of $18.5 million and $18.6 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:b3d54058-8ef0-48c1-a1ba-91d3df218620">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The reserves are reflected in the following accounts of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position &#8211; increase (decrease):</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z7db8bafef3b64dfb831c99da6ab73b3e">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accounts receivable, net <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(28,302</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Inventories, net</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,739</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,626</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accrued royalties</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,653</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5,048</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contract liability (Deferred revenue) <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">25,934</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Decrease in Net Assets</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(18,542</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(18,628</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> Due to </font>the adoption of the new revenue
        standard, See Note 3, <font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue from Contracts with Customers </font>the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded
        in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, the sales return reserve of $28.3 million was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:a4a37901-296b-456c-b5e9-01374e34656a">
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Inventories:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or market. U.S. book inventories aggregating $21.0 million and $24.0 million at April 30, 2019
        and 2018, respectively, are valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method.&#160;All other inventories are valued using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">56</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:8972c019-5d8c-4a18-acb7-77ef65b7d628">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Reserve for Inventory Obsolescence</font>:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A reserve for inventory obsolescence is estimated based on a review of damaged, obsolete, or otherwise unsalable inventory. The review
        encompasses historical unit sales trends by title, current market conditions, including estimates of customer demand compared to the number of units currently on hand, and publication revision cycles. The inventory obsolescence reserve is reported
        as a reduction of the Inventories, net balance on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and amounted to $15.8 million and $18.2 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:2268084b-d15f-4752-be10-e8ad9cdf99dd">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Product Development Assets:&#160;</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Product development assets consist of book composition costs and other product development costs. Costs associated with developing a book
        publication are expensed until the product is determined to be commercially viable. Book composition costs represent the costs incurred to bring an edited commercial manuscript to publication, which include typesetting, proofreading, design,
        illustration costs, and digital formatting. Book composition costs are capitalized and are generally amortized on a double-declining basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 1 to 3 years. Other product development costs represent the
        costs incurred in developing software, platforms, and digital content to be sold and licensed to third parties. Other product development costs are capitalized and generally amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. As
        of April 30, 2019, the weighted average estimated useful life of other product development costs was approximately 5 years.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:88b221f6-4747-41c9-b53c-81c9c05c5518">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Royalty Advances:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Royalty advances are capitalized and, upon publication, are expensed as royalties earned based on sales of the published works. Royalty
        advances are reviewed for recoverability and a reserve for loss is maintained, if appropriate.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:3c060bb7-242e-4091-9f46-3a1be1ad7b38">
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Shipping and Handling Costs:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Costs incurred for third party shipping and handling are primarily reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated
        Statements of Income. We incurred $32.7 million, $33.7 million, and $39.1 million in shipping and handling costs in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:07c2a428-afef-463a-8bb0-854e7305f099">
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Advertising Expense:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. We incurred $89.5
          million, $68.3 million, and $61.4 million in advertising costs in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, and these costs are included in Cost of Sales and Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements
          of Income. Advertising costs of $53.7 million, $38.3 million, and $32.4 million were included in Cost of Sales in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Advertising costs of $35.8 million, $30.0 million, and $29.0 million
          were included in Operating and Administrative Expenses in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. </font>Refer to the section above &#8220;Change in Accounting Policy&#8221; for more information regarding the reclassification of
        certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:192b92a0-47c7-42db-983e-e4b3337649b1">
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Technology, Property, and Equipment:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Technology, property, and equipment is recorded at cost. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are
        expensed as incurred.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Technology, property and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method based upon the following estimated useful lives: Computer
        Software &#8211; 3 to 10 years, Computer Hardware &#8211; 3 to 5 years; Buildings and Leasehold Improvements &#8211; the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset up to 40 years or the duration of the lease; Furniture, Fixtures, and Warehouse Equipment &#8211; 5 to
        10 years.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Costs incurred for computer software internally developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized during the application development
        stage and expensed as incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages. Costs incurred during the application development stage include costs of materials and services and payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who
        are directly associated with the software project. Such costs are amortized over the expected useful life of the related software, which is generally 3 to 5 years. Costs related to the investment in our Enterprise Resource Planning and related
        systems are amortized over an expected useful life of 10 years. Maintenance, training, and upgrade costs that do not result in additional functionality are expensed as incurred.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">57</font></div>
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    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:77851d93-7663-4ac6-a52a-448ea82abe51">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Allocation of Acquisition Purchase Price to Assets
        Acquired and Liabilities Assumed</font>:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection with acquisitions, we allocate the cost of the acquisition to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on the
        estimates of fair value for such items, including intangible assets and technology acquired. Such estimates include discounted estimated cash flows to be generated by those assets and the expected useful lives based on historical experience and
        current market trends to be achieved from the acquisition and the expected tax basis of assets acquired. We may use a third-party valuation consultant to assist in the determination of such estimates.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:e3eb914b-cb40-443f-a2b7-3554866c6cfa">
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate of the following: (1) consideration transferred, (2) the fair value of any noncontrolling
        interest in the acquiree, and (3) if the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition-date fair value of our previously held equity interest in the acquiree over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets
        acquired and the liabilities assumed.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of brands, trademarks, content, and publishing rights and are typically characterized by
        intellectual property with a long and well-established revenue stream resulting from strong and well-established imprint/brand recognition in the market.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We use the acquisition method of accounting for all business combinations and do not amortize goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite
        useful lives. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset
        might be impaired.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:197945ca-244a-4dd9-bce7-183c9fa68762">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Intangible Assets with Finite Lives and Other Long-Lived Assets:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Finite-lived intangible assets principally consist of brands, trademarks, content and publication rights, customer relationships, and
        non-compete agreements and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The most significant factors in determining the estimated lives of these intangibles are the history and longevity of the brands, trademarks, and content and publication
        rights acquired combined with the strength of cash flows.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Intangible assets with finite lives as of April 30, 2019, are amortized on a straight line basis over the following weighted average
        estimated useful lives: content and publishing rights &#8211; 34 years, customer relationships &#8211; 18 years, brands and trademarks &#8211; 16 years, non-compete agreements &#8211; 3 years.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Assets with finite lives are evaluated for impairment upon a significant change in the operating or macroeconomic environment.&#160;In these
        circumstances, if an evaluation of the projected undiscounted cash flows indicates impairment, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value based on the discounted future cash flows.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:157853c0-274d-4849-8474-c24977029a03">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Derivative Financial Instruments:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">From time to time, we enter into foreign exchange forward and interest rate swap contracts as a hedge against foreign currency asset and
        liability commitments, changes in interest rates, and anticipated transaction exposures, including intercompany purchases. All derivatives are recognized as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value.&#160; Derivatives that are not determined to
        be effective hedges are adjusted to fair value with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. We do not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:a325faf9-858e-4f7b-ae34-97647d45bea0">
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Foreign Currency Gains/Losses:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We maintain operations in many non-U.S. locations. Assets and
          liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using end-of-period exchange rates and revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using weighted average rates. Our significant investments in non-U.S. businesses are exposed to foreign
          currency risk. Foreign currency translation adjustments are reported as a separate component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss within Shareholders&#8217; Equity. During the year ended April 30, 2019, we recorded $60.5 million of foreign currency
          translation losses primarily </font>as a result of the fluctuations of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling and, to a lesser extent, the euro. <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign
          currency transaction gains or losses are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income as incurred.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:cadbf70e-1cf7-4200-86c0-ad6ff6014999">
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Stock-Based Compensation:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We recognize stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the stock-based awards on the grant date, reduced by an estimate for
        future forfeited awards.&#160;As such, stock-based compensation expense is only recognized for those awards that are expected to ultimately vest. The fair value of stock-based awards is recognized in net income generally on a straight-line basis over
        the requisite service period. The grant date fair value for stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The determination of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model required us to make judgments and estimates,
        which include the expected life of an option, the expected volatility of our Common Stock over the estimated life of the option, a risk-free interest rate, and the expected dividend yield. Judgment was also required in estimating the amount of
        stock-based awards that may be forfeited. Stock-based compensation expense associated with performance-based stock awards is based on actual financial results for targets established three years in advance. The cumulative effect on current and
        prior periods of a change in the estimated number of performance share awards, or estimated forfeiture rate, is recognized as an adjustment to earnings in the period of the revision. If actual results differ significantly from estimates, our
        stock-based compensation expense and consolidated results of operations could be impacted.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">58</font></div>
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    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:e4af9afb-ce4e-4710-a979-b942413ec5fc">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Recently Adopted Accounting Standards</div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Stock Compensation &#8211; Scope of Modification Accounting</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;) issued Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) 2017-09, &#8220;Compensation&#8212;Stock
          Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting,&#8221; which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Under the new guidance, modification
          accounting is only required if the fair value, vesting conditions or classification (equity or liability) of the new award are different from the original award immediately before the original award is modified. We adopted ASU 2017-09 on May 1,
          2018 and there was no impact to our consolidated financial statements. The new guidance must be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The future impact of ASU 2017-09 will be dependent on the nature of future
          stock award modifications.</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, &#8220;Compensation&#8212;Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic
          Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.&#8221; The guidance requires that the service cost component of net pension and postretirement benefit costs be reported in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services
          rendered by the pertinent employees during the period, while the other components of net benefit costs must be reported separately from the service cost component and below operating income. The guidance also allows only the service cost
          component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. We adopted ASU 2017-07 on May 1, 2018. The new guidance must be applied retrospectively for the presentation of net benefit costs in the income statement and prospectively for the
          capitalization of the service cost component of net benefit costs.</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The effect of retrospectively adopting this guidance resulted in a reclassification of net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3)
          million from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The amount included in Interest and Other Income
          (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended April 30, 2019 was a net benefit of $8.8 million. We do not capitalize any service costs.</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, &#8220;Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business&#8221;, which clarifies
          the definition of a business in order to allow for the evaluation of whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or business. We adopted ASU 2017-01 on May 1, 2018 and the adoption had no impact for us in
          fiscal year 2019. The future impact of ASU 2017-01 will be dependent upon the nature of future acquisitions or dispositions made by us.</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, &#8220;Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.&#8221; ASU 2016-18 requires that entities
          include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents in the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the Statement of Cash Flows. We adopted ASU 2016-18 on May 1, 2018. Retrospective
          transition method is to be applied to each period presented. As a result of this retrospective adoption, the reclassification of restricted cash into a change in total cash resulted in a reduction in Cash Provided By Operating Activities of $0.5
          million for the year ended April 30, 2018. There was no impact for the year ended April 30, 2017.</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
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          <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
            </font></div>
        </div>
        <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">59</font></div>
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      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:fe289d43-8f19-46b7-af65-02308f4cfa52">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the
        Consolidated Statements of Financial Position that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z6d894c246d424aab9a9626ec2eecc626">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30, 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30, 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30, 2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30, 2016</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cash and cash equivalents</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">92,890</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">169,773</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">58,516</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">363,806</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets</font></div>
          </td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">484</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">170,257</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">58,516</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">363,806</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:7061af0c-6c1b-47ff-836b-36996c5d72cd">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">Income taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU
          2016-16, &#8220;Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory&#8221;, which simplifies the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Current U.S. GAAP prohibits the
          recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party. The new guidance states that an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer
          of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Consequently, the amendments in this Standard eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. We adopted ASU 2016-16 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of
          ASU 2016-16 did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Statement of Cash Flows:
          Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU
          2016-15, &#8220;Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,&#8221; which provides clarification on classifying a variety of activities within the Statement of Cash Flows. We adopted ASU 2016-15 on May 1,
          2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have a material impact to our consolidated statements of cash flows.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Financial Instruments: Recognition
          and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU
          2016-01, &#8220;Financial Instruments&#8212;Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.&#8221; Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, &#8220;Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial
          Instruments-Overall.&#8221;&#160; ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments except those under the equity method of accounting to be measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognized in net income. The amendment simplifies the impairment
          assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. In addition, it also requires enhanced disclosures about investments. We adopted ASU 2016-01 on May 1, 2018.
          The adoption of ASU 2016- 01 did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue from Contracts with Customers</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU
          2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," (Topic 606) which superseded most existing revenue recognition guidance. We adopted ASU 2014-09 on May 1, 2018. The standard allows for either "full retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard
          is applied to all periods presented, or "modified retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts
          with Customers (Topic 606) &#8211; Principal versus Agent Considerations", ASU 2016-10, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) &#8211; Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing", ASU 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic
          606) &#8211; Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients", and ASU 2016-20, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which provide clarification and additional guidance related to ASU 2014-09.
          We also adopted ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12, and ASU 2016-20 with ASU 2014-09 (collectively, the &#8220;new revenue standard&#8221;) on May 1, 2018.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We utilized a comprehensive approach
          to assess the impact of the new revenue standard on our contract portfolio by reviewing our current accounting policies and practices to identify differences that would result from applying the new revenue standard to our revenue contracts.
          Additionally, we reviewed customer agreements representative of our business models and assessed whether changes in revenue recognition were appropriate under the new revenue standard.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We adopted the new revenue standard
          as of May 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material impact to our consolidated revenues, financial position, or results of operations. Upon adoption, we recorded an
          immaterial net increase to opening retained earnings resulting from the change in timing of when certain components of our revenue are recognized as required under the new revenue standard as compared to historical policies. Such changes include:</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">60</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zd1feb6daf0e44e2e96be15f249c5e810">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 3.37%; vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 3.43%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(i)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 93.2%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">perpetual licenses granted in connection with other deliverables; revenue that was previously recognized over the life of the
                associated subscription for future content is now recognized at a point in time, which is when access to content is initially granted,</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 3.37%; vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 3.47%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="3">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(ii)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 93.16%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">customers&#8217; unexercised rights; revenue which was previously recognized at the end of a pre-determined period for situations where we
                have received a nonrefundable payment for a customer to receive a good or service and the customer has not exercised such right is now recognized as revenue in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer,</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 3.37%; vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 3.47%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="3">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(iii)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 93.16%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">recognition of estimated revenue from royalty agreements in the period of usage, and</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 3.37%; vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 3.38%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(iv)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 93.25%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="3">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">recognition of revenue for certain arrangements with minimum guarantees on a time-based (straight-line) basis due to a stand-ready
                obligation to provide additional rights to content.</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The adoption of the new revenue
          standard resulted in the discontinuance of the historical practice of presenting accounts receivable and deferred revenue balances on a net basis for some of our subscription licensing agreements where we have invoiced a customer in advance of
          the related revenue being recognized and payment has not yet been received. As of April 30, 2018, the amounts that were previously netted down from accounts receivable and deferred revenue were $59.5 million. The current policy for our
          subscription licensing agreements is to record accounts receivable when performance occurs and recognize contract liabilities, at the earlier of cash payment being received or the invoice is sent.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In addition, the adoption of the new
          revenue standard resulted in the reclassification of the sales return reserve provision to Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) from Accounts Receivable, Net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018 the
          amount was $25.9 million and $28.3 million, respectively.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:65cd922a-fe2d-45d4-94bf-7dd35024f8e4">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The impact of the adoption of the new revenue
        standard was not material to our Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended April 30, 2019; therefore, we have omitted the disclosure that summarizes the effect of the revenue recognition standard by line item on our Consolidated
        Statements of Income. The impact to the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position was also not material by line item, except for the reclassification of the sales return reserve provision to contract liability from accounts receivable, net. </font>The




      cumulative effect of the changes made to our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at May 1, 2018 as a result of adoption of the new revenue standard using the modified retrospective method were as follows:</div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30, 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Adjustments due to Adoption</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">May 1, 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Assets</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accounts receivable, net</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">212,377</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">93,349</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">305,726</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,725</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">75,089</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">289,934</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">289,573</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">85,802</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5,274</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">91,076</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Liabilities</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">73,007</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(731</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">72,276</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">486,353</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">89,364</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">575,717</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred income tax liabilities</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">143,518</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,400</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">144,918</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Retained earnings</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,834,057</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,503</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,838,560</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:5b1ee9db-284f-4ca4-b3f7-c147241b562b">
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Recently Issued Accounting Standards</div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software: Customer&#8217;s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing
          Arrangement That is a Service Contract</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, &#8220;Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer&#8217;s Accounting
          for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract.&#8221; ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the
          requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. We are currently
          assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, &#8220;Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure
          Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.&#8221; ASU 2018-14 removes certain disclosures that are not considered cost beneficial, clarifies certain required disclosures and added additional disclosures. The standard is
          effective for us on May 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in ASU 2018-14 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis.&#160; We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
        <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
          <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
            </font></div>
        </div>
        <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">61</font></div>
        <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
          <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, &#8220;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure
          Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.&#8221; ASU 2018-13 removes certain disclosures, modifies certain disclosures and added additional disclosures. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Certain disclosures
          in ASU 2018-13 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 &#8220;Income Statement&#8212;Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax
          Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,&#8221; which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The standard is effective
          for us on May 1, 2019, and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. We adopted ASU 2018-02 on May 1, 2019. We did not elect to reclassify the income tax effects from comprehensive income to retained earnings for the
          stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Our policy for releasing the income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income is when the corresponding pretax accumulated other comprehensive income items are
          reclassified to earnings.</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, &#8220;Derivatives and
            Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities,&#8221; to simplify and improve the application and financial reporting of hedge accounting. Subsequently, in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, &#8220;Derivatives and
            Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes&#8221;.&#160; In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, &#8220;Codification Improvements
            to Topic 326, Financial Instruments</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#8212;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Credit Losses, Topic
            815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments.&#8221; ASU 2017-12&#160;eases the requirements for measuring and reporting hedge ineffectiveness and clarifies that changes in the fair value of hedging instruments for cash flow, net
            investment, and fair value hedges should be reflected in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. The guidance also permits entities to designate specific components in cash flow and interest rate hedges as
            the hedged risk, instead of using total cash flows. ASU 2018-16 allows the use of the OIS rate based on the SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. These ASUs are effective for us on May 1, 2019, with early
            adoption permitted. We adopted ASU 2017-12, 2018-16 and 2019-04, for those portions related to ASU 2017-02, on May 1, 2019 and there was no impact to our consolidated financial statements at the date of adoption. The future impact will depend
            upon any future hedging activities we may enter into.</font></font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, &#8220;Intangibles&#8211;Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): &#8220;Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment&#8221;,
          which simplifies the measurement of a potential goodwill impairment charge by eliminating the requirement to calculate an implied fair value of the goodwill based on the fair value of a reporting unit&#8217;s other assets and liabilities. The new
          guidance eliminates the implied fair value method and instead measures a potential impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit&#8217;s carrying value compared to its fair value. The impairment charge cannot exceed the total amount of
          goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Based on our most recent annual goodwill impairment test completed in the year ended April 30, 2019, we expect no initial
          impact on adoption.</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, &#8220;Financial
            Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.&#8221; Subsequently, in May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019</font>-05 - "Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8221;, in April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, &#8220;</font>Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and
          Topic 825, Financial Instruments<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">,&#8221; and in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, &#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses&#8221;.&#160; ASU
            2016-13 requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for most financial assets held at the reporting date based on an expected loss model which includes historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable
            forecasts. Entities will now use forward-looking information to better form their credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 also requires enhanced disclosures to help financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used
            in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity&#8217;s portfolio. ASU 2016-13, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2018-19 are effective for us on May 1, 2020, including interim periods within those
            fiscal periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.</font></font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
        <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
          <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
            </font></div>
        </div>
        <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">62</font></div>
        <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
          <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leases</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)&#8221;. Subsequently, the FASB issued in March 2019, ASU 2019-01, &#8220;Leases
          (Topic 842): Codification Improvements&#8221;, in December 2018 ASU 2018-20, &#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors&#8221;,&#160;and in July 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, &#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements&#8221; and ASU 2018-10,
          &#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases&#8221;.&#160; ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset (&#8220;ROU&#8221;) and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months and provide enhanced disclosures. Recognition,
          measurement, and presentation of expenses will depend on classification as a finance or operating lease. Similar modifications have been made to lessor accounting in-line with revenue recognition guidance.</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. We expect to elect the practical expedients to forgo a
          reassessment of (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) initial direct costs.&#160; We do not expect to elect the practical expedient allowing the
          use-of-hindsight which would require us to reassess the lease term of our leases based on all facts and circumstances through the effective date.&#160; In addition, we do not expect to elect the practical expedient pertaining to land easements.</font></div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In addition, the new standard provides as a practical expedient, certain policy elections for ongoing lease accounting to (i) not separate
          nonlease components from the associated lease component if certain conditions are met, and (ii) not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases that qualify as short-term. If the short-term recognition exemption is elected, we will not
          recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases in transition. We expect to elect these policy elections.</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required,
          applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. A company may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as of its
          date of initial application. We adopted the new standard on May 1, 2019 and used the effective date as the date of initial application. Accordingly, previously reported financial information will not be updated, and the disclosures required under
          the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before May 1, 2019.&#160; We expect to recognize operating lease liabilities ranging from approximately $175 to $185 million based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental
          payments for existing operating leases and ROU assets ranging from approximately $135 to $145 million on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Additionally, we are in the process of implementing a lease accounting system for our
          leases, including the conversion of our existing lease data to a new system and implementing relevant internal controls and procedures.</font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Note 15, &#8220;Commitment and Contingencies,&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of our operating leases and future
        commitments.</font></div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:9288257a-3fc3-47e7-8884-bbd2f06e46cb">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note3RevenueRecognitionCo"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 3 </font>&#8212;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using a five-step model consisting of the following: (1) identify the contract with a
        customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a
        performance obligation. Performance obligations are satisfied when we transfer control of a good or service to a customer, which can occur over time or at a point in time. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the consideration to which we
        expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, including the expected value of variable consideration. The customer&#8217;s ability and intent to pay the transaction price is assessed in determining whether a contract exists with the
        customer. If collectability of substantially all the consideration in a contract is not probable, consideration received is not recognized as revenue unless the consideration is nonrefundable, and we no longer have an obligation to transfer
        additional goods or services to the customer or collectability becomes probable.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">63</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:4bbdb303-34ed-4200-9d1f-f16faf47e7b6">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Disaggregation of Revenue</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:72a73668-0b17-422b-ae46-59d58a5b52eb">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following tables present our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018
      and 2017:</div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zc0f04c057d5c4db3893493b554b985e9">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="46">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Years Ended April 30,</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="14">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="14">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="14">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Research</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Publishing</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Solutions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Research</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Publishing</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Solutions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Research</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Publishing</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Solutions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research:</font></u></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">639,720</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Open Access</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">54,671</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">54,671</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">41,997</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">41,997</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">30,633</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">30,633</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">185,619</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">185,619</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">181,806</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">181,806</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">164,070</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">65,889</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">61,094</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">61,094</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">59,868</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">59,868</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 16%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate Learning</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">65,126</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">65,126</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">63,835</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">63,835</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">60,086</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">60,086</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 16%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">937,313</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">574,192</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">288,564</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,800,069</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">934,395</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">617,648</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">244,060</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,796,103</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">853,489</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">633,449</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">231,592</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,718,530</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:bb4433cf-edb8-45c4-b33c-c679716beee7">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Description of Revenue Generating Activities</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We generate our revenues from sales from our three reportable segments. We report our segment information in accordance
        with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 280, &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221; (&#8220;FASB ASC Topic 280&#8221;).&#160;Our segment reporting structure consists of three reportable segments, which are listed below, and a Corporate category:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z112a8dd0ef7340b8859842ef54aefeac" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research,</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="za7deb9a95c2043f284d7828eb7cd05d1" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing, and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z2a3dd1f4b16643f8aa9503f8bf2ee736" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">64</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research Segment</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Included within the Research segment are the following revenue streams:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z0aba149b8ef44bbfbb7f18274df0cf79" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Journal Subscriptions,</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zc66818ec61f540e9a45c091e33b9851c" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Open Access,</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z3271b323a27a4cb594ba5947acd74cb8" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other, and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z1436d1f03545432281fa352c3c6de435" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon).</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Journal Subscriptions</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We publish approximately 1,700 academic research journals. We
          sell journal subscriptions</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">directly through our sales
          representatives, indirectly through independent subscription agents, through promotional campaigns, and through memberships in professional societies for those journals that are sponsored by societies. Journal subscriptions are primarily licensed
          through contracts for digital content available online through </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Wiley Online Library</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times
          New Roman', Times, serif;">, which we migrated to our </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Literatum </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif;">platform, acquired as part of our purchase of Atypon Systems, Inc. (</font>&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Atypon</font>&#8221;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif;">) in March 2018. Contracts are negotiated by us directly with customers or their subscription agents. Subscription periods typically cover calendar years. Print journals are generally mailed to subscribers directly from independent
          printers.&#160;We do not own or manage printing facilities.&#160;Subscription revenue is generally collected in advance.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In a </font>typical journal subscription sale, there is a
        written agreement between us and our customer that cover multiple years.&#160; However, we typically account for these agreements as one-year contracts because our enforceable rights under the agreements are subject to an annual confirmation and
        negotiation process with the customer.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In journal subscriptions, multiple performance obligations exist, which include a stand-ready promise to provide access to new content for
        one year and a perpetual license for access to historical journal content. The transaction price consists of fixed consideration.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We allocate revenue to the stand-ready promise to provide access to new content for one year based on its standalone selling price and the
        revenue for new content is recognized over time as we have a continuous stand-ready obligation to provide the right of access to additional intellectual property. The allocation of revenue to the perpetual licenses for access to historical journal
        content is done using the expected cost plus a margin approach as permitted by the new revenue standard. Revenue is recognized at the point in time when access to historical content is initially granted.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Open Access</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Under the Author-Funded Access business model, accepted research articles are published subject to payment of Article Publication Charges
        (&#8220;APCs&#8221;). All Author-Funded articles are immediately free to access online. Contributors of Author-Funded Access articles retain many rights and typically license their work under terms that permit re-use. Author-Funded Access offers authors
        choices in how to share and disseminate their work, and it serves the needs of researchers who may be required by their research funder to make articles freely accessible without embargo. APCs are typically paid by the individual author or by the
        author&#8217;s funder, and payments are often mediated by the author&#8217;s institution. We provide specific workflows and infrastructure to authors, funders and institutions to support the requirements of the Author-Funded Access model.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Customers in open access are typically individual educational institutions or a consortium of universities. Under the Author-Funded Access
        model, we have a signed contract with the customer that contains enforceable rights.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Author-Funded Access model in a typical model includes an over-time single performance obligation that combines a promise to host the
        customer&#8217;s content on our open access platform, and a promise to provide a discount on APCs of eligible users (as defined in the contract) in exchange for an upfront payment. Enforceable right to payment occurs over time as we fulfill our
        obligation to provide a discount to eligible users, as defined, on future APCs. Therefore, the upfront payment is deferred and recognized over time.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In January 2019, Wiley announced a new contractual arrangement in support of Open Access, a countrywide partnership agreement with Projekt
        DEAL, a representative of nearly 700 academic institutions in Germany. This transformative three-year agreement provides all Projekt DEAL institutions with access to read Wiley&#8217;s academic journals back to the year 1997, and researchers at Projekt
        DEAL institutions can publish articles open access in Wiley&#8217;s journals. The partnership will better support institutions and researchers in advancing open science, driving discovery, and developing and disseminating knowledge. We are compensated
        primarily through a fee per article published.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">65</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other includes advertising, backfile sales, the licensing of publishing rights, journal and article
        reprints, and individual article sales.&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A backfile</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">license provides access to a historical collection of Wiley journals, generally for a one-time fee.&#160;</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Within Licensing, the revenue derived from these contracts is primarily comprised of advance payments, including minimum guarantees and
        sales- or usage-based royalty agreements. For our sales-or usage-based royalty agreements, we recognize revenue in the period of usage based on the amounts earned. We record revenue under these arrangements for the amounts due and not yet reported
        to us based on estimates of the sales or usage of these customers and pursuant to the terms of the contracts. We also have certain licenses whereby we receive a non-refundable minimum guarantee against a volume-based royalty throughout the term of
        the agreement. We recognize revenue for the minimum guarantee on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement because of the stand-ready promise to provide updates during the subscription period. We recognize volume-based royalty income
        only when cumulative consideration exceeds the minimum guarantee.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Reprints contracts generally contain a single performance obligation which is the delivery of printed articles. Revenue is recognized at the
        time of delivery of the printed articles.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For Backfiles, the performance obligation is the granting of a functional intellectual property license. Revenue is recognized at the time
        the functional intellectual property license is granted.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other includes our Article Select offering, whereby we have a single performance obligation to our customers to give access to an article
        through the purchase of a token. The customer redeems the token for access to the article for a 24-hour period. The customer purchases the tokens with an upfront cash payment. Revenue is recognized when access to the article is provided.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon)</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Atypon is a publishing software and service provider that enables scholarly and professional societies and publishers to deliver, host,
        enhance, market, and manage their content on the web through the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Literatum</font> platform.&#160;The duration of these contracts is generally multi-year
        ranging from 2-5 years. Atypon contracts typically include a single performance obligation for the implementation and hosting subscription services. The transaction price is fixed which may include price escalators that are fixed increases per
        year, and therefore, revenue is recognized upon the initiation of the subscription period and straight-lined over the contract period.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing Segment</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Included within the Publishing segment are the following revenue streams:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zb30a5d7521bc4197b92ce57a62f624de" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) and Professional Publishing,</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zf63cbc93b049454e91386f20497f0fd6" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education Publishing,</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="za9b16b371e574967b8d27a3479dd3ae7" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Courseware (WileyPLUS),</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z10dd362d7b864d60a5cddce38d03ba24" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Test Preparation and Certification, and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z910f1d8f0abe417f824991078e4cea58" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) and Professional Publishing and Education Publishing</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">STM books are sold and distributed globally in digital and print formats through multiple channels, including research libraries and library
        consortia, independent subscription agents, direct sales to professional society members, bookstores, online booksellers, and other customers.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Professional books, which include business and finance, technology, and other professional categories, as well as the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">For Dummies </font>brand, are sold to bookstores and online booksellers serving the general public, wholesalers who supply such bookstores, warehouse
        clubs, college bookstores, individual practitioners, industrial organizations and government agencies. We employ sales representatives who call upon independent bookstores, national and regional chain bookstores, and wholesalers. Sales of
        professional books also result from direct mail campaigns, telemarketing, online access, advertising, and reviews in periodicals.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education textbooks and related supplementary material and digital products are sold primarily to bookstores and online booksellers serving
        both for-profit and nonprofit educational institutions (primarily colleges and universities), and direct-to-students. We employ sales representatives who call on faculty responsible for selecting books to be used in courses, and on the bookstores
        that serve such institutions and their students. The textbook business is seasonal, with the majority of textbook sales occurring during the July-through-October and December-through-January periods. Book sales for STM, Professional and Education
        Publishing are generally made on a returnable basis with certain restrictions.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">66</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our performance obligations as it relates to STM, Professional and Education Publishing are primarily book products delivered in both print
        and digital form which could include a single or multiple performance obligations based on the number of International Standard Book Number (&#8220;ISBN&#8217;s&#8221;) purchased.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This revenue stream also includes variable consideration as it relates to discounts and returns for both print and digital books.&#160; Discounts
        are identifiable by performance obligation and therefore are applied at the point of sale by performance obligation. The process that we use to determine our sales returns and the related reserve provision charged against revenue is based on
        applying an estimated return rate to current year returnable print book sales. This rate is based upon an analysis of actual historical return experience in the various markets and geographic regions in which we do business. We collect, maintain
        and analyze significant amounts of sales returns data for large volumes of homogeneous transactions. This allows us to make reasonable estimates of the amount of future returns. All available data is utilized to identify the returns by market and
        to which fiscal year the sales returns apply. This enables management to track the returns in detail and identify and react to trends occurring in the marketplace, with the objective of being able to make the most informed judgments possible in
        setting reserve rates. Associated with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related reduction in inventory and royalty costs as a result of the expected returns.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As it relates to print and digital books within the STM, Professional and Education Publishing, revenue is recognized at the point when
        control of product transfers, which for print is upon shipment or for digital when fulfillment of the products has been rendered.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Courseware (WileyPLUS)</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We offer high-quality online learning solutions, including WileyPLUS, a research-based, online environment for effective teaching and
        learning that is integrated with a complete digital textbook. Courseware customers purchase access codes to utilize the product.&#160; This could include a single or multiple performance obligations based on the number of course ISBN&#8217;s purchased.
        Revenue is recognized when the access codes are activated and then over the applicable semester term such product relates to.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Test Preparation and Certification</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Test Preparation and Certification business represents learning solutions, training activities and print and digital formats that are
        delivered to customers directly through online digital delivery platforms, bookstores, online booksellers, and other customers.&#160;Products include CPAExcel, a modular, digital platform comprised of online self-study, videos, mobile apps, and
        sophisticated planning tools to help professionals prepare for the CPA exam, and test preparation products for the CFA&#174;, CMA, CIA&#174;, CMT&#174;, FRN&#174;, FINRA, Banking, and PMP&#174; exams.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Test Preparation and Certification contracts are generally three-year agreements. This revenue stream includes multiple performance
        obligations as it relates to the on-line and printed course materials, including such items as text books, e-books, video lectures, flashcards, study guides and test banks. The transaction price is fixed; however, discounts are offered and returns
        of certain products are allowed. We allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price.&#160; Depending on the performance obligation, revenue is recognized at the time the product is delivered and control has passed
        to the customer or over time due to our stand-ready obligation to provide updates to the customer.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing and distribution services are made available to other publishers under agency arrangements. We also engage in co-publishing titles
        with international publishers and receive licensing revenue from photocopies, reproductions, translations, and digital uses of our content. Wiley also realizes advertising revenue from branded Web sites (e.g., Dummies.com, etc.) and online
        applications. Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other contracts are generally multi-year agreements.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue derived from our licensing contracts is primarily comprised of advance payments and sales- or usage-based royalties. Revenue for
        advance payments is recognized at the point in time that the functional intellectual property license is granted. For sales- or usage- based royalties, we record revenue under these arrangements for the amounts due and not yet reported to us based
        on estimates of the sales or usage of these customers and pursuant to the terms of the contracts.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions Segment</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Included within the Solutions segment are the following revenue streams:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z27d13d6788924b91a5760d9bfa8fe744" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education Services,</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z3e2c1f7fca124d159d4f12a2a0b1d221" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Professional Assessment, and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z80d000c78bb1496f94b366e24a586c04" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate Learning.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">67</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Education Services</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As student demand for online degree and certificate programs continues to increase, traditional institutions are partnering with o<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">nline program management </font>providers to develop and support these programs. Education Services include market research, marketing, student recruitment, enrollment
        support, proactive retention support, academic services to design courses, faculty support, and access to the Engage Learning Management System, which facilitates the online education experience. Revenue is derived from pre-negotiated contracts
        with institutions that provide for a share of tuition generated from students who enroll in a program. The duration of Education Services contracts are generally multi-year agreements ranging from a period of 7-10 years, with some having optional
        renewal periods.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education Services includes a single performance obligation for the services provided because of the integrated technology and services our
        institutional clients need to attract, enroll, educate and support students. Consideration is variable since it is based on the number of students enrolled in a program. We begin to recognize revenue at the start of the delivery of the class within
        a semester, which is also when the variable consideration contingency is resolved.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Professional Assessment</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our Professional Assessment services include pre-hire screening and post-hire personality assessments, which are delivered to business
        customers through online digital delivery platforms, either directly or through an authorized distributor network of independent consultants, trainers, and coaches. Professional Assessment services contracts are generally one year.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Professional Assessment includes a performance obligation to stand ready to provide assessments to our distributor&#8217;s customers or to provide
        assessments direct to a customer. Revenue for Professional Assessments is recognized at the time the product or service is provided or delivered. Consideration is allocated to assessments based on standalone selling prices. In addition, as it
        relates to Professional Assessments customers' unexercised rights for situations where we have received a nonrefundable payment for a customer to receive a good or service and the customer is not expected to exercise such right, we will recognize
        such &#8220;breakage&#8221; amounts as revenue in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Corporate Learning</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Corporate Learning business offers online learning and
          training solutions for global corporations, universities, and small and medium-sized enterprises, which are sold on a subscription or fee basis. Learning formats and modules on topics such as leadership development, value creation, client
          orientation, change management and corporate strategy are delivered on a cloud-based Learning Management System (&#8220;LMS&#8221;) platform that hosts over 20,000 content assets (videos, digital learning modules, written files, etc.) in 17 languages. Its
          Mohive offering also provides a collaborative e-learning publishing and program creation system.&#160;Revenue growth is derived from legacy markets, such as France, England, and other European markets, and newer markets, such as the U.S. and Brazil.
          In addition, content and LMS offerings are continuously refreshed and expanded to serve a wider variety of customer needs. </font>These digital learning solutions are sold directly to corporate customers either direct or through our partners.
        Corporate Learning contracts are generally multi-year agreements.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The transaction price consists of fixed consideration that is determined at the beginning of each year and received at the same time. Within
        Corporate Learning there are multiple performance obligations which includes the licenses to learning content and the learning application. Revenue is recognized over time as we have a continuous obligation to provide the right of access to the
        intellectual property which includes the licenses and learning applications.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Accounts Receivable, net and Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) Balances</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">When consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the
        customer under the terms of a contract, a contract liability is recorded. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when, or as, control of the products or services are transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been
        met.</font></div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:ebc4d4e4-279a-48ff-8521-a3bef1514df9">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z5ff179600156472a99292f9bf97058a8">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30, 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30, 2018 <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Increase/</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">(Decrease)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Balances from contracts with customers:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accounts receivable, net <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(2)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">294,867</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">212,377</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">82,490</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">507,365</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">486,353</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21,012</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contract liability (Deferred revenue) (included in Other Long-Term Liabilities)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10,722</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10,722</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    </table>
    <br>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.85pt; margin-left: 8.85pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;"> <br>
        </sup></font></div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">68</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.85pt; margin-left: 8.85pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1) </sup>As noted above, prior period amounts have not been adjusted due to adoption of the
        new revenue standard under the modified retrospective method.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.85pt; margin-left: 8.85pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;"> <br>
        </sup></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.85pt; margin-left: 8.85pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(2) </sup>Due to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the sales return reserve as of
        April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, it was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. At April 30, 2018 the sales
        return reserve was <font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$28.3 million.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:869edd32-9a10-4ac1-9111-d948f18935e8">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Revenue recognized for the year ended April 30, 2019 relating to the contract liability at April 30, 2018 after the adjustments for the adoption of the new
      revenue standard on May 1, 2018 was $530.4 million.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:d9b8312f-b9d7-4241-b23e-ad79c9d71dbb">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Remaining Performance Obligations included in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue)</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations is approximately
        $518.1 million, which included the sales return reserve of $25.9 million. Excluding the sales return reserve, we expect that approximately $481.5 million will be recognized in the next twelve months with the remaining $10.7 million to be recognized
        thereafter.</font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Assets Recognized for the Costs to Fulfill a Contract</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Costs to fulfill a contract are directly related to a contract that will be used to satisfy a performance obligation in the future and are
        expected to be recovered. These types of costs are incurred in the following revenue streams, (1) <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) and (2) Education Services.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our assets associated with incremental costs to fulfill a contract were $8.9 million at April 30, 2019 and are included within Other
        Non-Current Assets on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. We recorded amortization expense of $2.6 million during the year ended April 30, 2019 related to these assets within Cost of Sales on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
        The costs related to Education Services were previously included in Product Development Assets on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Certain costs related to <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif;">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) were previously included in </font>Technology, Property and Equipment, net on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:ed38dc45-950d-4c24-afba-7b0b75643d3d">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sales and value-added taxes are excluded from revenues. Shipping and handling costs, which are primarily incurred within the Publishing segment, occur
      before the transfer of control of the related goods. Therefore, in accordance with the new revenue standard, it is not considered a promised service to the customer and would be considered a cost to fulfill our promise to transfer the goods. Costs
      incurred for third party shipping and handling are primarily reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. We incurred $32.7 million, $33.7 million, and $39.1 million in shipping and handling costs in
      the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 respectively.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:d6f10360-7c91-4aed-aa2b-71a516a7d87b">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note4Acquisition"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 4 &#8211; Acquisition</div>
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    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:66299c84-247c-4a2f-953c-8c47dc4f3a1d">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">The Learning House, Inc.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On November 1, 2018, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding stock of The Learning House, Inc. (&#8220;Learning House&#8221;) a
        diversified education services provider. Headquartered in Louisville, KY, Learning House provides online program management services including graduate and undergraduate programs; short courses, boot camps, and other skills training and
        credentialing for students and professionals; pathway services for international students<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">;&#160;</font>professional development services for teachers; and
        learning solutions for corporate clients. The combination of Learning House and Wiley Education Services creates a leading provider of tech-enabled education services for colleges and universities. The results of operations of Learning House are
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The fair value of the consideration transferred was approximately $201.3 million which included $200.7 million of cash and $0.6 million of
        warrants, inclusive of purchase price adjustments which were finalized in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019. We financed the payment of the cash consideration through borrowings under our revolving credit agreement ("RCA").&#160; The warrants were
        classified as equity and allow the holder to purchase 400,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $90.00, subject to adjustments. The term of the warrants is three years, expiring on November 1, 2021. The fair value of the
        warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of the cash consideration transferred, net of $10.3 million of cash acquired was approximately $190.4 million.</font></div>
    <div><br>
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  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:e1b7fb84-4250-4d86-af63-c82f736a3724">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The transaction was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. We recorded the preliminary fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities
      assumed on the acquisition date, all of which are included in the Solutions segment. None of the goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes. The allocation of the consideration transferred to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed is
      preliminary and could be revised as a result of additional information obtained due to the finalization of the third-party valuation report,&#160; tax related matters and contingencies, but such amounts will be finalized within the measurement period,
      which will not exceed one year from the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the consideration transferred to acquire Learning House and the preliminary allocation of the purchase price among the assets acquired and the liabilities
      assumed.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">69</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z6ea445c57ea74e3e98fb6f774f7feba5">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Preliminary Allocation as of April 30, 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total consideration transferred</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">201,274</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Assets:&#160;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Current Assets&#160;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cash and cash equivalents&#160;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10,293</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accounts receivable, net</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8,621</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Prepaid expenses and other current assets&#160;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,439</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">246,074</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Current Liabilities&#160;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accounts payable&#160;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)&#160;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">959</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accrued employment costs&#160;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,925</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other accrued liabilities&#160;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9,422</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Current Liabilities&#160;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">16,848</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred Income Tax Liabilities&#160;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">26,769</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other Long-Term Liabilities&#160;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,184</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Liabilities</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">44,801</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table summarizes the identifiable intangible assets acquired and their weighted-average useful life at the date of acquisition.</div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Customer Relationships</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Course Content</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5,698</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:503bb824-cc0d-4fe1-a86d-003055c59c26">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Learning House&#8217;s revenue and operating loss included in our Solutions segment results for the year ended April 30, 2019 was $31.5 million and $8.0 million,
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Pro forma financial information related to this acquisition has not been provided as it is not material to our consolidated results of
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    <div><br>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:8ab1cd38-c6c9-48a9-8eb1-8c5f3783268b">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Atypon Systems, Inc.</div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On September 30, 2016, we acquired the net assets of Atypon, a Silicon Valley-based publishing-software company, for approximately $121
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    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">70</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Atypon's revenue included in our Research segment results for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $36.0 million, $32.9 million
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:8bd42247-c2a7-4962-bf9e-a7864beff496">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note5ReconciliationofWeig"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 5 &#8211; Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding</div>
    <div><br>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:b9feeaa0-7510-4ff6-85ba-3c7a7f183ad2">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">A reconciliation of the shares used in the computation of earnings per share for the years ended April 30 follows:</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.05%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;" colspan="2">
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          <td style="width: 11.32%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;" colspan="2">
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          <td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
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          <td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
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          <td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
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          <td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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          <td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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          <td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
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          <td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,192</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,043</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,337</font></div>
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        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dilutive effect of stock options and other stock awards</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">648</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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          <td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">862</font></div>
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        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Shares used for diluted earnings per share</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,840</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
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          <td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
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    </table>
    <div><br>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:abec30aa-cd0f-4629-afc3-9c3f48236c07">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Since their inclusion in the calculation of diluted earnings per share would have been anti-dilutive, options to purchase 260,984, 244,590 and 301,527
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Warrants </font>to purchase 242,402 shares of Class A Common
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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note6AccumulatedOtherComp"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 6 &#8211; Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by component, net of tax, for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were as follows:</div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
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    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="ze444a3ef77bd482d9380d2e6c163351e">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Foreign Currency</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Translation</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Unamortized</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(267,920</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(179,405</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(361</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(447,686</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,735</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,361</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">53</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,414</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,788</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(59,601</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Balance at April 30, 2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(319,212</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(190,502</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,427</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(507,287</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">67,639</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(4,979</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,739</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">64,399</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,455</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1,147</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,308</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">67,639</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(524</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">592</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">67,707</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Balance at April 30, 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(251,573</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(191,026</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(439,580</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(60,534</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(9,422</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,121</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(68,835</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,391</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(4,714</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(323</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total other comprehensive loss</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(60,534</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5,031</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,593</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(69,158</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Balance at April 30, 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(312,107</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(196,057</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(574</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(508,738</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:ffffe99d-26fa-4e42-8e9f-a6eb76b5ad0d">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">For the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, pre-tax actuarial losses included in Unamortized Retirement Costs of approximately $5.5 million and $5.9
      million, respectively, were amortized from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss and recognized as pension expense in Operating and Administrative Expenses and Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:ff2457b4-c8e9-4657-8294-d000daa52532">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note7RestructuringandRela"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 7 &#8211; Restructuring and Related Charges</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we recorded pre-tax restructuring and related charges of $3.1 million, $28.6 million, and
        $13.4 million, respectively, which are reflected in the Restructuring and Related Charges line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income and described in more detail below:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">71</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restructuring and Reinvestment Program:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Beginning in the year ended April 30, 2013, we initiated a global program (the &#8220;Restructuring and Reinvestment Program&#8221;) to restructure and
        realign our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. We are targeting a majority of the expected cost savings achieved to improve margins and earnings, while the remainder will be reinvested in high-growth digital business
        opportunities.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:71b3990f-43a0-4e90-88c4-9a52ecb14913">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following tables summarize the pre-tax restructuring charges related to this program:</div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total Charges</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Incurred to Date</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Charges by Segment:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">878</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,125</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate Expenses</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">459</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8,023</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">96,378</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Restructuring and Related Charges</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,118</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">28,566</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,355</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">169,628</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Severance</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,456</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">27,213</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">32,214</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Restructuring and Related Charges</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,118</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,355</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30, 2018</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30, 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Severance</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">17,279</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,456</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(460</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,887</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Consulting and Contract Termination Costs</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">303</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other Activities</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,772</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,136</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1,608</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">244</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,544</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">20,051</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,118</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(15,219</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(216</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,734</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:b74c9605-fcd9-4832-bfd2-6efd7ecd18a9">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The charges above are net of changes in estimates for previously accrued restructuring charges. The restructuring liability for accrued severance costs of
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The amount included in Other Long-Term Liabilities that relates to Other Activities is expected to be paid starting in 2021 until 2022.</font></div>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:31c81ba4-0c44-4e7d-8c3c-1c2c39ef1f2b">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note8Inventories"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 8 &#8211; Inventories</div>
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  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:43c74768-c2b8-431e-8169-2c549c58ad87">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Inventories, net at April 30 were as follows:</div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Finished Goods</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">33,736</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">36,503</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Work-in-Process</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,094</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,139</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Paper and Other Materials</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">373</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">550</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">36,203</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">39,192</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Inventory Value of Estimated Sales Returns</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,739</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,626</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">LIFO Reserve</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(4,360</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(4,329</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Inventories</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">35,582</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">39,489</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
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        <tr>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">19,197</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">24,887</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">38,048</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">52,078</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Content Development Costs</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,849</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:bb1ee7e5-d866-4e91-b1be-2628f131b716">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Product development assets include $4.3 million and $4.1 million of work-in-process as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, mainly for book
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:1cc197de-7dc1-47ce-8d4d-ba4c457c4a57">
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:60a82eb0-b0f6-4dda-992e-b4991249a057">
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Capitalized Software</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">440,437</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">390,774</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Computer Hardware</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">68,718</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,493</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Buildings and Leasehold Improvements</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">118,685</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">121,381</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Furniture, Fixtures, and Warehouse Equipment</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,471</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">60,869</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Land and Land Improvements</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,390</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,678</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">688,701</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">634,195</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(399,680</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(344,261</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">289,021</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">289,934</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:99929a18-1bed-4a8b-8ed0-e5049e446bff">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table details our depreciation and amortization expense for technology, property and equipment, net for the years ended April 30:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zde1af279701f4546948d90c7037b6808">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Capitalized Software Amortization Expense</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">50,095</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">45,449</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48,343</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Depreciation and Amortization Expense, Excluding Capitalized Software</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">19,323</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,878</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,340</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Depreciation and Amortization Expense for Technology, Property and Equipment</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">69,418</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">64,327</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">66,683</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:63fd5c0d-3eb6-43e8-b1ec-14adc84064a1">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Technology, property and equipment includes $2.3 million and zero of work-in-process as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, mainly for capitalized
      software.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The net book value of capitalized software costs was $200.2 million and $198.0 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">73</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:356ee24a-adef-4c0e-aabb-a507a0230e08">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note11GoodwillandIntangib"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 11 &#8211; Goodwill and Intangible Assets</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Goodwill</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:ea6ebf31-0bca-4613-a8eb-47ef13e99db1">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill by segment as of April 30:</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z04812808624d4218b49b6357dc8e4577">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2018 <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Acquisition <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(2)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Foreign</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Translation</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Adjustment</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">463,419</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(24,908</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">438,511</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">283,851</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(706</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">283,145</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">272,531</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">110,805</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(9,326</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">374,010</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,019,801</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">110,805</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(34,940</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,095,666</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z492793af7a574f3fa7c5d9a59257615f" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1)</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The April 30, 2018 goodwill balances were revised for the Publishing segment which decreased and the Solutions segment which
                  increased to reflect foreign translation adjustments of $11.6 million.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z99c167f760f64d619197623e43825b43" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(2)</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Refer to Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition,&#8221; in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition
                  of Learning House on November 1, 2018.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:901c0fb4-a51a-4b27-bd08-f609b7f0b171">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Prior to fiscal year 2019, we reviewed goodwill for impairment on a reporting unit basis annually during the third quarter of each year, using a
      measurement date of January 31, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. While we are permitted to conduct a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform
      a two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test, for our annual goodwill impairment test in the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 we performed a quantitative test for all of our reporting units.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As discussed below, during the fourth quarter of 2018, we
          voluntarily changed our annual impairment assessment date from January 31 to February 1 for all of our reporting units and our indefinite-lived intangible assets.&#160;F</font>or our annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2019 we
        performed a quantitative test for all of our reporting units and in the fourth quarter of 2018 we performed a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">qualitative assessment for all of our reporting units.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The goodwill impairment test involves a two-step process. In step one, we compare the fair value of each of our reporting units to its
        carrying value, including the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, there is no indication of impairment and no further testing is required. If the fair value of the reporting
        unit is less than the carrying value, we must perform step two of the impairment test to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. In step two, the reporting unit&#8217;s fair value is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting
        unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical analysis that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of
        the reporting unit&#8217;s goodwill is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as an impairment loss.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">2019 Annual Impairment Test as of February 1, 2019</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">During the fourth quarter of 2019, we completed step one of our annual goodwill impairment test for our reporting units. We concluded that
        the fair values of these reporting units were above their carrying values and, therefore, there was no indication of impairment.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We estimated the fair value of these reporting units using a weighting of fair values derived from an income and a market approach. Under the
        income approach, we determined the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Cash flow projections are based on management&#8217;s estimates of revenue growth rates and operating margins, taking into
        consideration industry and market conditions. The discount rate used is based on a weighted average cost of capital adjusted for the relevant risk associated with the characteristics of the business and the projected cash flows. The market approach
        estimates fair value based on market multiples of current and forward 12-month operating performance results, as applicable, derived from comparable publicly traded companies with similar operating and investment characteristics as the reporting
        unit.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:907f2d1b-981e-4575-84b9-8ff3db0b3e49">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">As noted above, the fair value determined under step one of the goodwill impairment test completed in the fourth quarter of 2019 exceeded the carrying
      value for each reporting unit.&#160;Therefore, there was no impairment of goodwill. However, if the fair value decreases in future periods, we may fail step one of the goodwill impairment test and be required to perform step two. In performing step two,
      the fair value would have to be allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. Therefore, any potential goodwill impairment charge would be dependent upon the estimated fair value of the reporting unit at that time and the
      outcome of step two of the impairment test. The fair values of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including the intangible assets, could vary depending on various factors.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">74</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The future occurrence of a potential indicator of impairment, such as a decrease in expected net earnings, adverse equity market conditions,
        a decline in current market multiples, a decline in our common stock price, a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climates, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, strategic decisions made in
        response to economic or competitive conditions, or a more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or disposed of, could require an interim assessment for some or all of the
        reporting units before the next required annual assessment.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We also review our indefinite-lived intangible assets for
          impairment annually, which consists of brands and trademarks and certain acquired publishing rights. During the fourth quarter of 2019, we completed our annual impairment test related to the indefinite lived intangible assets.&#160;We concluded that
          the fair values of these indefinite-lived intangible assets were above their carrying values and, therefore, there was no indication of impairment. We also concluded that one of our indefinite-lived trademarks had an </font>excess of estimated
        fair value over its carrying value of approximately 7% as of the 2019 annual impairment test.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Change in Annual Impairment Assessment Date</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">During the fourth quarter of 2018, we voluntarily changed our annual impairment assessment date from January 31 to February 1 for all of our
        reporting units and our indefinite-lived intangible assets.&#160;This change was made to improve alignment of impairment testing procedures with year-end financial reporting, our annual business planning and budgeting process and the multi-year
        strategic forecast, which begins in the fourth quarter of each year. As a result, the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment testing will reflect the result of inputs from each of the businesses in the development of the budget
        and forecast process, including the impact of seasonality of our financial results. Accordingly, management considers this accounting change preferable. This change does not accelerate, delay, avoid, or cause an impairment charge, nor does this
        change result in adjustments to previously issued financial statements.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection with the change in the date of the annual goodwill impairment test, we completed a qualitative assessment of the goodwill by
        reporting unit as of February 1, 2018 and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its carrying amount. In addition, we also completed a qualitative assessment of our indefinite-lived
        intangible assets as of February 1, 2018 and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded its carrying amount.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:e2c14ffa-5afe-4dea-9ded-43dc5685f31f">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Intangibles</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Intangible assets, net as of April 30 were as follows:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zdaf8c37ccb9b46c9bf4f1b791d8c163e">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="14">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="10">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Cost</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Accumulated</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Amortization</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Accumulated</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Impairment</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Net</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Cost</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Accumulated</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Amortization</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Accumulated</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Impairment</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> Net</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Intangible Assets with Determinable Lives, net</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Content and Publishing Rights <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">806,628</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(417,456</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">389,172</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">824,146</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(387,386</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">436,760</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 20%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Customer Relationships <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">310,977</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(65,147</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">245,830</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">212,020</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(50,291</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">161,729</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 20%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Brands and Trademarks</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">32,802</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(19,809</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">12,993</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">32,111</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(16,011</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">16,100</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Covenants not to Compete</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,681</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1,236</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">445</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">655</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">648,440</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,069,776</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(454,532</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">615,244</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Intangible Assets with Indefinite Lives</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Brands and Trademarks</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">134,509</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,600</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">130,909</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">142,189</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,600</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">138,589</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Content and Publishing Rights</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">86,223</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">86,223</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">94,238</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">94,238</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 20%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">220,732</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,600</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">217,132</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">236,427</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,600</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">232,827</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 20%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Intangible Assets, Net</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,372,820</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(503,648</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,600</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">865,572</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,306,203</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(454,532</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,600</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">848,071</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup> As of April 30, 2019, amounts include intangible assets acquired as part of the acquisition of Learning House on November 1,
        2018. Refer to Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition,&#8221; in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:8534e3a0-8d3a-4156-94c8-d54c55a8b5f8">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Based on the current amount of intangible assets subject to amortization and assuming current foreign exchange rates, the estimated amortization expense
      for the following years are as follows:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">75</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zc384da79f0734948afdc1ec33ea18669">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Fiscal Year</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amount</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2020</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">50,419</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2021</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48,517</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2022</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">44,115</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2023</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">40,305</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2024</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">37,929</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Thereafter</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">648,440</font></div>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:67caee97-269c-48c1-9cf6-768727dc74e7">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The provisions for income taxes for the years ended April 30 were as follows:</div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Current Provision</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">U.S. &#8211; Federal</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,384</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(2,216</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">912</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">International</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">52,518</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">46,112</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">105,228</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">State and Local</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,536</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">961</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">100</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Current Provision</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,438</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">44,857</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">106,240</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred Provision (Benefit)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">U.S. &#8211; Federal</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">335</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(26,062</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(13,852</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">International</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(7,630</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,420</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">State and Local</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5,454</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">530</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">415</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Deferred (Benefit) Provision</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(12,749</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(23,112</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(28,767</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Provision</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">44,689</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21,745</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">77,473</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:5cc37acb-d434-40ef-af01-4d774f01ccf3">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">International and United States pretax income for the years ended April 30 were as follows:</div>
    <div><br>
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    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z7f08221221ec45e08c80436b5b9c7db0">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">International</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">204,326</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">219,178</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">192,910</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">United States</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8,626</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5,247</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1,794</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">212,952</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">213,931</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">191,116</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
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    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:8772020f-ab21-4783-b3dc-65036da2a0c5">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Our effective income tax rate as a percentage of pretax income differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate as shown below:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z0521d2b16c6b4366a438306bcf4205e7">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">U.S. Federal Statutory Rate</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21.0%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">30.4%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">35.0%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">German Tax Litigation Expense</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">25.7</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cost (Benefit) of Higher (Lower) Taxes on Non-U.S. Income</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.9</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(8.4)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(12.7)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">State Income Taxes, net of U.S. Federal Tax Benefit</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1.3)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.4</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.1</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred Tax (Benefit) from U.S. Tax Reform Rate Change</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(11.7)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred Tax Benefit from U.K. Statutory Tax Rate Change</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1.3)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Tax Credits and Related Benefits</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(0.8)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1.7)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(6.2)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Tax Adjustments and Other</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.2</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(0.1)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Effective Income Tax Rate</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21.0%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10.2%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">40.5%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A substantial portion of our 2019 income was earned outside the U.S. in jurisdictions with different statutory income tax rates than our U.S.
        statutory rate including: U.K. (57%), Germany (24%), and Australia (7%).</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:4d2b25f0-d1c8-45ad-baab-2aec444e1fc7">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive Federal tax legislation originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the &#8220;Tax
      Act&#8221;).&#160; In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (&#8220;SAB 118&#8221;), which allowed us to record provisional amounts related to the effect of the Tax Act during
      a measurement period not to extend beyond one year of the enactment date. &#160;We completed our analysis during the year ended April 30, 2019 within the measurement period in accordance with SAB 118.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">76</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The effective tax rate for the year ended April 30, 2019 was greater than the year ended April 30, 2018 due to the net deferred tax benefit
        from the Tax Act in the year ended April 30, 2018. Excluding the effect of the Tax Act, the rate was 21.9% for the year ended April 30, 2018, compared to 21.0% for the year ended April 30, 2019.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The effective tax rate was equal to the U.S. statutory rate for the year ended April 30, 2019. The increase from higher taxes on non-U.S.
        income and various other items was offset by a state tax benefit from more favorable apportionment factors which reduced our deferred tax liabilities, net of federal benefit.&#160;</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">German Tax Litigation Expense:</font> In the
        year ended April 30, 2017, the German Federal Fiscal Court affirmed a lower court decision disallowing deductions related to a stepped-up basis in certain assets. As a result, we incurred an income tax charge of approximately $49 million ($0.85 per
        share).</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Deferred Tax Benefit from U.K. Statutory Tax
          Rate Change:</font>&#160;In fiscal year 2016, the U.K. reduced its statutory rate to 19% beginning April 1, 2017, and 18% beginning April 1, 2020, and in fiscal year 2017, the U.K. further reduced its statutory rate beginning on April 1, 2020, from
        18% to 17%. This resulted in a non-cash deferred tax benefit from the re-measurement of our applicable U.K. deferred tax balances of $2.6 million ($0.04 per share) in the year ended April 30, 2017.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Tax Adjustments and Other:</font>&#160;In each of
        the years ended April 30, 2019 and April 30, 2018, we recorded a tax benefit of $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively related to the expiration of the statute of limitations or favorable resolutions of federal, state, and foreign tax matters
        with tax authorities.&#160;</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">The Tax Act</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation. The Tax Act significantly revised the U.S. corporate income
        tax system by, among other changes, the following:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zb859ab1f006d48a381ceebb74564e177" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">lowering the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate to 21% with a potentially lower rate for certain foreign derived income;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zbb23f989ae434b949c709036fcc51c6d" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">accelerating deductions for certain business assets;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zbfa8b1a06ebf44869350a00df864a465" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">establishing a dividend received deduction, generally eliminating federal income taxes on cash repatriation from foreign subsidiaries;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z29de9617e380408ea602bf9c9659d08a" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on post-1986 unrepatriated cumulative non-U.S. earnings and profits (&#8220;E&amp;P&#8221;) of foreign subsidiaries;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z1df061911c644cbe9271094c8a972b8d" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">eliminating certain deductions such as the domestic production deduction;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z71921d42aee84165bc5079978d96cc1d" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">establishing limitations on the deductibility of certain expenses including interest and executive compensation; and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zd3bf41b28e974eafa6bffcdb32dbf552" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">creating new taxes on certain foreign earnings.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred tax balances &#8211; In the year ended April 30, 2018 we remeasured our U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the federal rate
        at which they are expected to reverse in the future, generally 21% for reversals anticipated to occur after April 30, 2019.&#160;In the prior period, the provisional amount recorded related to the re-measurement of our net deferred tax liability was an
        estimated net benefit of $25.0 million. During the year ended April 30, 2019, in accordance with SAB 118, we completed the analysis and recorded a minimal $0.2 million expense.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign tax effects &#8211; In connection with the transition from a global tax system, the Tax Act established a mandatory deemed repatriation
        tax. The tax was computed using our post-1986 E&amp;P that was previously deferred from U.S. income taxes.&#160; The tax was based on the amount of foreign earnings held in cash equivalents and certain net assets, which were taxed at 15.5%, and those
        held in other assets, which were taxed at 8.0%. In accordance with the Tax Act including certain rules applicable to non-calendar year taxpayers, we recorded a provisional amount of $14.2 million in the year ended April 30, 2018.&#160;Since April 30,
        2018, we no longer assert that we intend to permanently reinvest earnings outside the U.S.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Tax Act reduced the Federal statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.&#160; As a result, our U.S. federal statutory tax
        rate was 21.0% for the year ended April 30, 2019 and a blended rate of 30.4% for the year ended April 30, 2018.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Tax Act created new taxes, effective for us on May 1, 2018, including a provision designed to tax global low taxed income (&#8220;GILTI&#8221;) and a
        provision establishing new minimum taxes, such as the base erosion anti-abuse tax (&#8220;BEAT&#8221;). We have evaluated these provisions and determined there is no material impact to our effective tax rate.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Tax Act also created a new benefit, effective for us on May 1, 2018, for Foreign Derived Intangible Income (&#8220;FDII&#8221;), providing a
        deduction intended to result in a reduced federal income tax rate of approximately 13.125% on certain foreign derived eligible income. For the year ended April 30, 2019, we recorded a tax benefit of $1.2 million.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">77</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes:</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019 and April 30, 2018, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits were $7.7 million and $6.8 million, respectively, of
        which $0.7 million and $0.6 million represented accruals for interest and penalties recorded as additional tax expense in accordance with our accounting policy. Within the income tax provision for the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, we
        recorded net interest expense on reserves for unrecognized and recognized tax benefits of $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively. As of April 30, 2019, and April 30, 2018, the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits that would reduce our
        income tax provision, if recognized, were approximately $7.7 million and $6.8 million, respectively. We do not expect any significant changes to the unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:c5c7bd84-6bc8-4144-90ed-41d9f3facb1e">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">A reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits included within the Other Long-Term Liabilities line item on the Consolidated Statements of Financial
      Position follows:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zb5487a3777b34e209dbaab9a69311d36">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6,833</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6,124</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Additions for Current Year Tax Positions</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Additions for Prior Year Tax Positions</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">414</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">69</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Reductions for Prior Year Tax Positions</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(578</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(38</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign Translation Adjustment</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(42</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">45</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Payments and Settlements</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(136</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(124</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Reductions for Lapse of Statute of Limitations</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(305</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(615</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Balance at April 30</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,659</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6,833</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

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  <div id="TRGRSegment:6d1c3779-f648-4308-8a88-22073f7c8281">
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Tax Audits:</u></font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We file income tax returns in the U.S. and various states and non-U.S. tax jurisdictions. Our major taxing jurisdictions include the United
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        federal tax audit was for fiscal years 2011 through 2013, which resulted in minimal adjustments related to temporary differences.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Deferred Taxes:</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred taxes result from temporary differences in the recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial reporting purposes.</font></div>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:70f87d3b-af36-45b7-b012-f9abca4295ef">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">We believe that it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the net deferred tax
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    <div><br>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Operating Losses</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14,491</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8,976</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Reserve for Sales Returns and Doubtful Accounts</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,923</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,506</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accrued Employee Compensation</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">17,528</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">20,096</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other Accrued Expenses</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6,262</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,632</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Retirement and Post-Employment Benefits</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">40,653</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">39,160</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Gross Deferred Tax Assets</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">116,258</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">106,479</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Less Valuation Allowance</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(21,179</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(8,811</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Deferred Tax Assets</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">95,079</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">97,668</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(744</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,203</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Unremitted Foreign Earnings</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1,985</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1,985</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Intangible and Fixed Assets</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(226,898</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(231,869</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Deferred Tax Liabilities</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(229,627</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(237,057</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Deferred Tax Liabilities</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(134,548</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(139,389</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Reported As</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred Tax Assets</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9,227</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,129</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred&#160;Tax Liabilities</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(143,775</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(143,518</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Deferred Tax Liabilities</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(134,548</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(139,389</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">78</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:c60ed7dc-26c3-4530-8949-7ac7ddedc657">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The decrease in net deferred tax liabilities is attributable to a foreign exchange driven decrease in our deferred tax liability primarily related to
      intangible and fixed assets.&#160; Our increase in deferred tax liabilities relating to our acquisition of Learning House was offset by the amortization of our deferred tax liabilities related to intangibles and fixed assets, primarily from prior
      acquisitions.&#160; Our increase in deferred tax assets, primarily from foreign and federal tax credits as well as net operating losses, was offset by an increase in our valuation allowance related to those assets. We have concluded that after valuation
      allowances, it is more likely than not that we will realize substantially all of the net deferred tax assets at April 30, 2019. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we take into account related deferred tax liabilities and estimated
      future reversals of existing temporary differences, future taxable earnings and tax planning strategies to determine which deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized in the future. Changes to tax laws, statutory tax rates and future
      taxable earnings can have an impact on our valuation allowances.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A $21.2 million valuation allowance has been provided based on the uncertainty of utilizing the tax benefits related to our deferred tax
        assets for foreign tax credits, state, and, to a small extent, Federal net operating loss carry forwards. As of April 30, 2019, we have apportioned state net operating loss carryforwards totaling $99 million, with a tax effected value of $6 million
        net of federal benefits, expiring in various amounts over 1 to 20 years.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On June 18, 2019, U.S. Treasury published certain proposed and temporary regulations which would, among other changes, eliminate the dividend
        received deduction with respect to certain income recognized by us with respect to the transition tax imposed by the Tax Act.&#160; Although we are still reviewing the regulations, if applied, such regulations would not materially impact our
        consolidated financial position or results of operations, as the decrease in our foreign tax credit carryforward would most likely be offset by a decrease in our valuation allowance.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Since April 30, 2018, we no longer intend to permanently reinvest earnings outside the U.S. We have a $2.0 million liability related to the
        estimated taxes that would be incurred upon repatriating certain non-U.S. earnings.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:6e5890ca-21dc-4afd-9177-af1a5844deb9">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note13DebtandAvailableCre"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 13 &#8211; Debt and Available Credit Facilities</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, our debt of $478.8 million and $360.0 million, respectively, consisted of amounts due under our revolving
        credit facilities.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have a revolving credit agreement (&#8220;RCA&#8221;) with a syndicated bank group led by Bank of America. The RCA consists of a $1.1 billion
        five-year senior revolving credit facility payable March 1, 2021. Under the RCA, which can be drawn in multiple currencies, we have the option of borrowing at the following floating interest rates:&#160; (i) at a rate based on the London Interbank
        Offered Rate (&#8220;LIBOR&#8221;) plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.98% to 1.50%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio, as defined, or (ii) for U.S. dollar-denominated loans only, at the lender&#8217;s base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from
        zero to 0.45%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio.&#160;The lender&#8217;s base rate is defined as the highest of (i) the U.S. federal funds effective rate plus a&#160; 0.50% margin, (ii) the Eurocurrency rate, as defined, plus a 1.00% margin, or (iii)
        the Bank of America prime lending rate. In addition, we pay a facility fee ranging from 0.15% to 0.25% depending on our consolidated leverage ratio.&#160;We also have the option to request an additional credit limit increase of up to $350 million in
        minimum increments of $50 million, subject to the approval of the lenders. The RCA contains certain restrictive covenants related to our consolidated leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio, which we were in compliance with as of April 30, 2019
        and 2018. Due to the fact that there are no principal payments due until the end of the agreement in the year ended April 30, 2021, we have classified our entire debt obligation as long-term as of April 30, 2019 and 2018.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have other lines of credit aggregating $2.7 million at various interest rates. There were no outstanding borrowings under these credit
        lines at April 30, 2019 and 2018.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our total available lines of credit as of April 30, 2019, were approximately $1.1 billion, of which approximately $0.6 billion was unused.
        The weighted average interest rates on total debt outstanding during the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018 were 2.69% and 2.44%, respectively. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the weighted average interest rates for total debt were 2.88% and 2.58%,
        respectively. Based on estimates of interest rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities, the fair value of our debt approximates its carrying value.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On May 30, 2019, we entered into a credit agreement that amended and restated our existing RCA. <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
          'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Note 21, Subsequent Events, for further details.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:505e3827-da5a-401a-8dd6-130bd77a6765">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note14DerivativeInstrumen"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 14 &#8211; Derivative Instruments and Activities</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">From time-to-time, we enter into forward exchange and interest rate swap contracts as a hedge against foreign currency asset and liability
        commitments, changes in interest rates, and anticipated transaction exposures, including intercompany purchases. All derivatives are recognized as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value.&#160;Derivatives that are not determined to be effective
        hedges are adjusted to fair value with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. We do not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">79</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest Rate Contracts:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We had $478.8 million of variable rate loans outstanding at April 30, 2019, which approximated fair value.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the interest rate swap agreements we maintained were designated as fully effective cash flow hedges as defined
        under Accounting Standards Codification 815 &#8220;Derivatives and Hedging&#8221; ("ASC 815"). As a result, there was no impact on our Consolidated Statements of Income from changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps, as they were fully offset by
        changes in the interest expense on the underlying variable rate debt instruments. Under ASC 815, derivative instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges have changes in their fair value recorded initially within Accumulated Other
        Comprehensive Loss on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. As interest expense is recognized based on the variable rate loan agreements, the corresponding deferred gain or loss on the interest rate swaps is reclassified from
        Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Interest Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. It is management&#8217;s intention that the notional amount of interest rate swaps be less than the variable rate loans outstanding during the life of the
        derivatives.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On April 4, 2016, we entered into a forward starting interest rate swap agreement, which fixed a portion of the variable interest due on a
        variable rate debt renewal on May 16, 2016. Under the terms of the agreement, we will pay a fixed rate of 0.92% and receive a variable rate of interest based on one-month LIBOR (as defined) from the counterparty which is reset every month for a
        three-year period starting May 16, 2016, ending May 15, 2019. As of April 30, 2019, the notional amount of the interest rate swap was $350.0 million.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We record the fair value of our interest rate swaps on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs of quoted prices for similar assets or
        liabilities in active markets. The fair value of the interest rate swaps as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, was a deferred gain of $0.5 million and $5.1 million, respectively. Based on the maturity dates of the contracts, the entire deferred gain as of
        April 30, 2019 was recorded within Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets and as of April 30, 2018, was recorded within Other Non-Current Assets.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The pre-tax (gains) losses that were reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Interest Expense for the years ended April 30,
        2019, 2018, and 2017 were $(4.7) million, $(1.5) million, and $1.1 million, respectively. Based on the amount in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss at April 30, 2019, approximately $0.2 million, net of tax, of unrecognized gains would be
        reclassified into net income in the next twelve months.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign Currency Contracts:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We may enter into forward exchange contracts to manage our exposure on certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. The
        forward exchange contracts are marked to market through Foreign Exchange Transaction (Losses) Gains on the Consolidated Statements of Income and carried at their fair value on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Foreign currency
        denominated assets and liabilities are remeasured at spot rates in effect on the balance sheet date, with the effects of changes in spot rates reported in Foreign Exchange Transaction (Losses) Gains on the Consolidated Statements of Income.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, we did not maintain any open
          forward contracts. </font>In addition, we did not maintain any open forward contracts during the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2017, </font>we did not maintain any open
        forward contracts, but we did have open forward contracts during the year ended April 30, 2017. T<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">here were two open forward exchange contracts with notional amounts of 31
          million euros and 274 million pounds sterling to manage foreign currency exposures on intercompany loans. These contracts matured in May 2016 and February 2017, respectively. For the year ended April 30, 2017, the gains recognized on forward
          contracts were $59.0 million.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:09e34e32-0ee5-4f10-b8c9-1e8aa161326c">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note15CommitmentandContin"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 15 &#8211; Commitment and Contingencies</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:7679c896-6696-4756-bede-faba24bc6f36">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following schedule shows the composition of net rent expense for operating leases:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z18c196607a86410b9a6928bc8822318b">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Minimum Rental</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">29,066</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">31,451</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">35,464</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Less: Sublease Rentals</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(719</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(708</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(626</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">28,347</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">30,743</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">34,838</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">80</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:a898dab7-7626-44bc-829a-40f63a7a0ccf">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">At April 30, 2019, estimated future minimum annual rental commitments under non-cancelable real and personal property leases, were as follows:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z82cd6b937b3b40eeb3db67036fcd7f27">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fiscal Year</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Amount</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2020</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">30,887</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2021</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">27,326</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2022</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">23,183</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2023</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">19,257</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2024</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,576</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Thereafter</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">129,382</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">248,611</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:0c541b06-d8ad-4338-8be3-5d7b80b926d0">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Rent expense associated with operating leases that include scheduled rent increases and tenant incentives, such as rent holidays or leasehold improvement
      allowances, are recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are involved in routine litigation in the ordinary course of our business.&#160;A provision for litigation is accrued when information
        available to us indicates that it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment may be required to determine both the probability and estimates of loss. When the amount of the
        loss can only be estimated within a range, the most likely outcome within that range is accrued. If no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount within the range is accrued. When uncertainties exist
        related to the probable outcome of litigation and/or the amount or range of loss, we do not record a liability, but disclose facts related to the nature of the contingency and possible losses if management considers the information to be material.
        Reserves for legal defense costs are recognized when incurred. The accruals for loss contingencies and legal costs are reviewed regularly and may be adjusted to reflect updated information on the status of litigation and advice of legal counsel.&#160;
        In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of all pending litigation as of April 30, 2019, will not have a material effect upon our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:d5144ae7-7e1f-49a6-a3b1-d945c1533c08">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note16RetirementPlans"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 16 &#8211; Retirement Plans</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have retirement plans that cover substantially all employees. The plans generally provide for employee retirement between the ages 60 and
        65, and benefits based on length of service and compensation, as defined.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our Board of Directors approved plan amendments that froze the following retirement plans:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z5d298107fd2a44ff97e799ffe62c9a08" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Retirement Plan for the Employees of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Canada was frozen effective December 31, 2015;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z6e4290c5fe3c4ce2af0e771eecba4338" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Retirement Plan for the Employees of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd., a U.K. plan was frozen effective April 30, 2015 and;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z2d0cfabe8ca44c2aa20efba20ffe296f" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">U.S. Employees&#8217; Retirement Plan, Supplemental Benefit Plan, and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, were frozen effective June 30, 2013.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We maintain the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan for certain officers and senior management which provides for the payment of
        supplemental retirement benefits after the termination of employment for 10 years or in a lifetime annuity. Under certain circumstances, including a change of control as defined, the payment of such amounts could be accelerated on a present value
        basis. Future accrued benefits to this plan have been discontinued as noted above.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:1dbdebc6-1681-40cf-94e5-6942186b8332">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The components of net pension expense (income) for the defined benefit plans and the weighted average assumptions were as follows:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zb1e6cf6ab13f4407838a9168237f0992">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="6">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="6">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="6">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> U.S.</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">U.S.</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-U.S.</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">U.S.</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Service Cost</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">960</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">967</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest Cost</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">12,943</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">11,666</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,876</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">12,398</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14,449</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Expected Return on Plan Assets</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(13,472</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(25,551</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(13,154</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(26,385</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(14,053</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(21,173</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Amortization of Prior Service Cost</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(154</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(154</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(154</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">54</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Recognized Net Actuarial Loss</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,035</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,746</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,289</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,832</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,622</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,553</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Curtailment/Settlement Loss</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">19</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8,842</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Pension Expense (Income)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">113</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(7,893</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">647</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(7,641</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9,655</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,150</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Discount Rate</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4.3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.6</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4.1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.6</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4.0</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.5</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Rate of Compensation Increase</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">N/A</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.0</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">N/A</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.0</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">N/A</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.0</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Expected Return on Plan Assets</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6.8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6.5</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6.8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6.5</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6.8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6.7</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">81</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:7b479146-fbdf-4c9c-aa7c-af58489df920">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We adopted </font>ASU 2017-07, &#8220;Compensation&#8212;Retirement Benefits (Topic 715):
      Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,&#8221; on May 1, 2018.&#160; Refer to Note 2, "<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Summary of Significant Accounting
        Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards</font>," for more information. The guidance requires that the service cost component of net pension and postretirement benefit costs be reported in the same line item as other
      compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. Such amounts are reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Income. The guidance requires that the other
      components of net benefit costs be reported separately from the service cost component and below operating income. Such amounts are reflected in Interest Income and Other on our Consolidated Statements of Income. We were required to retrospectively
      adopt this guidance.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We announced a voluntary, limited-time opportunity for terminated vested employees who are participants in the U.S. Employees&#8217; Retirement
        Plan of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. (the &#8220;Pension Plan&#8221;) to request early payment of their entire Pension Plan benefit in the form of a single lump sum payment. Eligible participants who wished to receive the lump sum payment were required to make
        an election by August 29, 2016. Approximately 780 eligible participants made the election to receive the lump sum totaling $28.3 million which was paid from pension plan assets in October 2016. Settlement accounting rules were applied, which
        resulted in a plan remeasurement and recognition of a pro-rata portion of unamortized net actuarial loss of $8.8 million which was recorded in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income in the year ended April
        30, 2017.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation, and fair value of plan assets for the retirement plans with accumulated
        benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were $794.2 million, $762.8 million and $621.9 million, respectively, as of April 30, 2019, and $820.4 million, $787.6 million, and $624.4 million, respectively, as of April 30, 2018.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Recognized Net Actuarial Loss for each fiscal year is calculated using the &#8220;corridor method,&#8221; which reflects the amortization of the net
        loss at the beginning of the fiscal year in excess of 10% of the greater of the market value of plan assets or the projected benefit obligation. The amortization period is based on the average expected life of plan participants.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of defined benefit postretirement plans, measured as the difference between the fair value
        of plan assets and the projected benefit obligation, on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.&#160;The change in the funded status of the plan is recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss on the Consolidated Statements of Financial
        Position. Plan assets and obligations are measured at fair value as of our balance sheet date.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:4bf2d50b-2265-46f1-a9fb-cc2c827964be">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss that are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost during the next fiscal
      year are as follows:</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z629f0ac2af7e4fc0ace0ee2b5cdb772c">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> U.S.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-U.S.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Actuarial Loss</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,390</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,091</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6,481</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Prior Service Cost</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(154</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">82</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(72</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,236</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,173</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6,409</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:6f8679f6-d1c6-4605-9533-625dbd476310">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">82</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table sets forth the changes in and the status of our defined benefit plans&#8217; assets and benefit obligations:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z718d19cab7f94ba190b19a366ad7bf12">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="6">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="6">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> U.S.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-U.S.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Employer Contributions</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14,753</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">11,872</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5,020</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8,385</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Employee Contributions</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Settlements</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Benefits Paid</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">34,298</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Service Cost</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest Cost</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Actuarial Gains (Losses)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(9,662</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(11,013</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,417</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">23,528</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Benefits Paid</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">15,813</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">16,282</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">15,390</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">15,909</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign Currency Rate Changes</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Settlements and Other</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(886</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">239</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Benefit Obligation, End of Year</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(285,197</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(509,015</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(279,644</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(540,686</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Underfunded Status, End of Year</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(71,569</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(100,766</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(74,661</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(121,238</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">AMOUNTS RECOGNIZED ON THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Current Pension Liability</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5,188</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(816</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(4,818</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(780</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Noncurrent Pension Liability</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(66,381</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(99,950</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(69,843</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(120,458</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
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          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(71,569</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(74,661</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">AMOUNTS RECOGNIZED IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (BEFORE TAX) CONSIST OF</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Actuarial (Losses)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(177,157</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(82,636</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(183,316</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Prior Service Cost Gains (Losses)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,408</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1,154</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,562</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(441</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(91,620</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(178,311</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(80,074</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(183,757</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive&#160;Loss</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(11,546</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5,446</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">11,749</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(11,708</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">WEIGHTED AVERAGE ASSUMPTIONS USED IN DETERMINING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Discount Rate</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.4</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4.3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.6</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Rate of Compensation Increase</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">N/A</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.0</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">N/A</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.0</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accumulated Benefit Obligations</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(285,197</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(477,561</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(279,644</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(507,932</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:b5b93665-601e-4361-936b-29049c1c4899">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Pension plan assets/investments:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The investment guidelines for the defined benefit pension plans are established based upon an evaluation of market conditions, plan
        liabilities, cash requirements for benefit payments, and tolerance for risk.&#160;Investment guidelines include the use of actively and passively managed securities. The investment objective is to ensure that funds are available to meet the plans
        benefit obligations when they are due. The investment strategy is to invest in high quality and diversified equity and debt securities to achieve our long-term expectation. The plans&#8217; risk management practices provide guidance to the investment
        managers, including guidelines for asset concentration, credit rating and liquidity.&#160; Asset allocation favors a balanced portfolio, with a global aggregated target allocation of approximately 50% equity securities and 50% fixed income securities
        and cash.&#160; Due to volatility in the market, the target allocation is not always desirable and asset allocations will fluctuate between acceptable ranges of plus or minus 5%. We regularly review the investment allocations and periodically rebalance
        investments to the target allocations. We categorize our pension assets into three levels based upon the assumptions (inputs) used to price the assets. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value, whereas Level 3 generally requires
        significant management judgment. The three levels are defined as follows:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div style="margin-left: 27pt;">&#8226;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active
          markets for identical assets.</font>&#160;</div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div style="margin-left: 27pt;">&#8226;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Level 2: Observable inputs other than those
          included in Level 1.&#160;For example, quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets in inactive markets.</font>&#160;</div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div style="margin-left: 27pt;">&#8226;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting
          assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset.</font>&#160;</div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">83</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:f8a485e1-fa0b-4b2b-b51d-252052e09c2d">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">We did not maintain any level 3 assets during the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018. In accordance with ASU 2015-07, &#8220;Fair Value Measurement (&#8220;Topic
      820&#8221;), certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value (&#8220;NAV&#8221;) per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient do not have to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. We adopted ASU 2015-07 in the year ended April
      30, 2018 and it was applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The fair value amounts presented in the following tables are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented for the total pension benefit
      plan assets. The following tables set forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, pension plan assets at their fair value as of April 30:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zafe33c97d2b041de90799e092a4680f5">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="10">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="10">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Level 1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Level 2</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Level 1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Level 2</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">U.S. Plan Assets</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Investments measured at NAV:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Global Equity Securities: Limited Partnership</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">204,983</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-U.S. Plan Assets</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Equity Securities:</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">U.S. Equities</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">39,652</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">39,652</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">31,203</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 28%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fixed Income Securities: Commingled Funds</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">199,720</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other:</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 28%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Real Estate/Other</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">501</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">501</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">549</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cash and Cash Equivalents</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,396</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,762</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,762</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 28%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Non-U.S. Plan Assets</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,251</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">405,998</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">408,249</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,762</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">417,686</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">419,448</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 28%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Plan Assets</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,251</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">405,998</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">621,877</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,762</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">417,686</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">624,431</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:ea5006f1-caf0-4a44-987a-1f94ba78a4f2">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Expected employer contributions to the defined benefit pension plans in the
        year ended April 30, 2020 will be approximately $17.0 million, including $11.7 million of minimum amounts required for our non-U.S. plans. From time to time, we may elect to make voluntary contributions to our defined benefit plans to improve their
        funded status. Included </font><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">in our defined benefit pension contributions for the year ended April 30, 2019 was a discretionary contribution
        of $10.0 million to the </font>U.S. Employees' Retirement Plan of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:45c1a0b5-9321-485d-891f-e87386d02da8">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Benefit payments to retirees from all defined benefit plans are expected to be the following in the fiscal year indicated:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z050d9f2b3c4b47dd87394d60feea411b">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 10%;">
            <div style="text-align: center; text-indent: -7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fiscal Year</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">U.S.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-U.S.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 10%;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2020</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">16,287</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8,868</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">25,155</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 10%;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2021</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14,741</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9,610</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">24,351</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 10%;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2022</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14,894</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">11,019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">25,913</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 10%;">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">15,259</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2024</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">15,436</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">12,097</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">27,533</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">76,053</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">71,732</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">147,785</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">152,670</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">124,759</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">277,429</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    <div><br>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:8ac8be25-dbdd-4bad-b913-22aa7398f62b">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">We provide contributory life insurance and health care benefits, subject to certain dollar limitations, for substantially all of our eligible retired U.S.
      employees. The retiree health benefit is no longer available for any employee who retires after December 31, 2017. This resulted in a curtailment gain of $2.5 million which was recognized in the Operating and Administrative Expenses line item in our
      Consolidated Statement of Income in the year ended April 30, 2017. The cost of such benefits is expensed over the years the employee renders service and is not funded in advance. The accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation recognized on the
      Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, was $1.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Annual (credits) expenses for these plans for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were $(0.1) million, $(0.1)
      million and $(0.2) million, respectively.</div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have defined contribution savings plans. Our contribution is based on employee contributions and the level of our match. We may make
        discretionary contributions to all employees as a group. The expense recorded for these plans was approximately $13.1 million, $14.4 million, and $15.5 million in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 respectively.</font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">84</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:4d98fe0b-c7f7-4fcf-b7d2-e2d8f76f48a8">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note17Stock-BasedCompensa"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 17 &#8211; Stock-Based Compensation</div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">All equity compensation plans have been approved by shareholders. Under the 2014 Key Employee Stock Plan, (&#8220;the Plan&#8221;), qualified employees
        are eligible to receive awards that may include stock options, performance-based stock awards, and other restricted stock awards. Under the Plan, a maximum number of 6.5 million shares of our Class A stock may be issued. As of April 30, 2019, there
        were approximately 4,355,399 securities remaining available for future issuance under the Plan. We issue treasury shares to fund awards issued under the Plan.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Stock Option Activity:</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Under the terms of our stock option plan, the exercise price of stock options granted may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of
        the stock at the date of grant. Options are exercisable over a maximum period of 10 years from the date of grant. For the years ended April 30, 2015 and prior, options generally vest 50% on the fourth and fifth anniversary date after the award is
        granted. For the year ended April 30, 2016, options vest 25% per year on April 30. We did not grant any stock option awards in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017. As of April 30, 2019, all outstanding options have vested allowing the
        participant the right to exercise their awards.</font></div>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:09e1135e-534f-442f-a2e3-d44c098995d9">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table provides the estimated weighted average fair value for options granted in the year ended April 30, 2016 using the Black-Scholes
      option-pricing model and the significant weighted average assumptions used in their determination. The expected life represents an estimate of the period of time stock options will be outstanding based on the historical exercise behavior of option
      recipients. The risk-free interest rate is based on the corresponding U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our Common Stock price over the estimated life of the
      option, while the dividend yield is based on the expected dividend payments to be made by us.</div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center; text-indent: 3pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2016</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fair Value of Options on Grant Date</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14.77</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Weighted Average assumptions:</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Expected Life of Options (years)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7.2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Risk-Free Interest Rate</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Expected Volatility</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">29.7</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Expected Dividend Yield</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fair Value of Common Stock on Grant Date</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">55.99</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:3b8a3559-3b3d-448b-bdf2-b1a1e656f0dc">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">A summary of the activity and status of our stock option plans follows:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z1427345e698743439f69ebeac35dbe59">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="14">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="6">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="6">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">of Options</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">(in 000&#8217;s)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Weighted</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Average</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Exercise Price</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Weighted Average</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Remaining Term</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">(in years)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Aggregate</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Intrinsic Value</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">(in millions)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">of Options</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">(in 000&#8217;s)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Weighted</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Average</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Exercise Price</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">of Options</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">(in 000&#8217;s)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Weighted</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Average</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Exercise Price</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Outstanding at Beginning of Year</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">611</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48.88</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,429</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">47.39</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,966</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">46.62</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Granted</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Exercised</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(229</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">47.21</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(788</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">45.97</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(469</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">43.74</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Expired or Forfeited</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(10</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">56.97</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">54.24</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(68</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">49.91</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Outstanding at End of Year</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">372</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">49.70</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">611</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48.88</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,429</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">47.39</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 20%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Exercisable at End of Year</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">372</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">49.70</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">530</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">47.43</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,064</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">46.04</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 20%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Vested and Expected to Vest in the Future at April 30</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">372</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">49.70</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">599</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48.90</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,249</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">45.88</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:ca20aae5-08f6-49de-b8a1-a74f8c6ab784">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The intrinsic value is the difference between our common stock price and the option grant price. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the
      years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $4.4 million, $10.4 million, and $20.5 million, respectively.&#160;The total grant date fair value of stock options vested during the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018 was $4.8 and $13.4 million,
      respectively.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019, there is no unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to stock options.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">85</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:5ff72f25-ae68-4e59-b3b4-7af13bc7ca3b">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at April 30, 2019:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zb463fb9fdd554fe696843a36b5f9767f">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="10">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Options Outstanding</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="6">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Options Exercisable</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center; text-indent: -7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Range of Exercise Prices</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">of Options</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">(in 000&#8217;s)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Weighted Average</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Remaining Term</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">(in years)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Weighted</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Average</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Exercise Price</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">of Options</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">(in 000&#8217;s)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Weighted</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Average</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Exercise Price</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">35.04</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">11</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.2</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">35.04</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">11</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">35.04</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">39.53 to $40.02</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">101</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.3</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">39.71</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">101</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">39.71</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">48.06 to $49.55</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">106</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.3</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48.69</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">106</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48.69</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">55.99 to $59.70</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">154</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.6</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57.87</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">154</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57.87</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="2">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">372</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">49.70</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">372</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">49.70</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    <div><br>
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  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:f65b87f5-d556-40c6-8e5b-f45c6e092344">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Performance-Based and Other Restricted Stock Activity:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Under the terms of our long-term incentive plans, performance-based restricted unit awards are payable in restricted shares of our Class A
        Common Stock upon the achievement of certain three-year financial performance-based targets. During each three-year period, we adjust compensation expense based upon our best estimate of expected performance. For the years ended April 30, 2015 and
        prior, restricted performance shares vest 50% on the first and second anniversary date after the award is earned. For the years ended April 30, 2016 and 2017, restricted performance shares vest 50% on June 30 following the end of the three-year
        performance cycle and 50% on April 30 of the following year. Beginning in the year ended April 30, 2018, restricted performance share units vest 100% on June 30 following the end of the three-year performance cycle.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We may also grant individual restricted unit awards payable in restricted shares of our Class A Common Stock to key employees in connection
        with their employment. For the years ended April 30,&#160; 2015 and prior, the restricted shares generally vest 50% at the end of the fourth and fifth years following the date of the grant. Starting with the year ended April 30, 2016 grants, restricted
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    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Under certain circumstances relating to a change of control or termination, as defined, the restrictions would lapse, and shares would vest
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    <div><br>
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  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:6695d83d-fec9-485f-a519-3fd96dd1993a">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Activity for performance-based and other restricted stock awards during the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was as follows (shares in
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    <div><br>
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    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z224b05013109463985dffe33c7102828">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="6">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Restricted</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Shares</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Weighted Average</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Grant Date Value</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Restricted</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Shares</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Restricted</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Shares</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font>&#160;</div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">861</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">53.22</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">913</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">915</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Granted</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">415</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">62.63</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">525</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">509</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Change in Shares Due to Performance</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(19</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">44.17</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(107</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(67</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Vested and Issued</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(357</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">54.95</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(318</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(267</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Forfeited</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(144</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">55.37</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(152</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(177</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Nonvested Shares at End of Year</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">756</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57.38</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">861</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">913</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:5fb65d80-704f-43de-863f-cfbc9f7d6c32">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">As of April 30, 2019, there was $28.1 million of unrecognized share-based compensation cost related to performance-based and other restricted stock awards,
      which is expected to be recognized over a period up to 4 years, or 2.2 years on a weighted average basis.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Compensation expense for restricted stock awards is measured using the closing market price of our Class A Common Stock at the date of grant.
        The total grant date value of shares vested during the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $19.6 million, $15.7 million, and $12.1 million, respectively.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">President and CEO New Hire Equity Awards</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On October 17, 2017, we announced Brian A. Napack as the new President and Chief Executive Officer of Wiley effective December 4, 2017 (the
        "Commencement Date").&#160; Upon the Commencement Date, Mr. Napack also became a member of our Board of Directors (the "Board").&#160; In connection with his appointment, Wiley and Mr. Napack entered into an employment offer letter (the "Employment
        Agreement").&#160;</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">86</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Employment Agreement provides that beginning with the year ended April 30, 2018&#8211;2020 performance cycle, eligibility to participate in
        annual grants under our Executive Long-Term Incentive Program (ELTIP). Targeted long-term incentive for this cycle is equal to 300% of base salary, or $2.7 million. Sixty percent of the ELTIP value will be delivered in the form of target
        performance share units and forty percent in restricted share units. The grant date fair value for restricted share units was $59.15 per share and included 20,611 restricted share units, which vest 25% each year starting on April 30, 2018 to April
        30, 2021. In addition, there was a performance share unit award with a target of 30,916 units and a grant date fair value of $59.15. The performance metrics are based on cumulative EBITDA for the year ended April 30, 2018-2020 and cumulative
        normalized free cash flow for the year ended April 30, 2018&#8211;2020.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The awards are described in further detail in Mr. Napack&#8217;s Employment Agreement filed with the SEC as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on
        Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2017.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In addition, the Employment Agreement provides for a sign-on grant of restricted share units, with a grant value of $4.0 million, converted
        to shares using our Class A closing stock price as of the Commencement Date, and vesting in two equal installments on the first and second anniversaries of the employment date. The grant date fair value for this award was $59.15 per share and
        included 67,625 units at the date of grant. Grants are subject to forfeiture in the case of voluntary termination prior to vesting and accelerated vesting in the case of earlier termination of employment without Cause, due to death or Disability or
        Constructive Discharge, or upon a Change in Control (as such terms are defined in the Employment Agreement).</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The awards are described in further detail in Mr. Napack&#8217;s Employment Agreement filed with the SEC as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on
        Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2017.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Director Stock Awards:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Under the terms of our 2018 Director Stock Plan (the &#8220;Director Plan&#8221;), each non-employee director, other than the Chairman of the Board,
        receives an annual award of restricted shares of our Class A Common Stock equal in value to 100% of the annual director stock retainer fee, based on the stock price at the close of the New York Stock Exchange on the date of grant. Such restricted
        shares will vest on the earliest of (i) the day before the next Annual Meeting following the grant, (ii) the non-employee director&#8217;s death or disability (as determined by the Governance Committee), or (iii) a change in control (as defined in the
        2014 Key Employee Stock Plan).&#160;The granted shares may not be sold or transferred during the time the non-employee director remains a director. There were 18,991 restricted shares awarded under the Director Plan for the year ended April 30, 2019,
        and 19,900, and 20,243 shares awarded under the Director Plan for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:d85d5623-e623-4005-9517-3a3a7051f1e7">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note18CapitalStockandChan"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 18 &#8211; Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Each share of our Class B Common Stock is convertible into one share of Class A Common Stock. The holders of Class A stock are entitled to
        elect 30% of the entire Board of Directors and the holders of Class B stock are entitled to elect the remainder. On all other matters, each share of Class A stock is entitled to one tenth of one vote and each share of Class B stock is entitled to
        one vote.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">During the year ended April 30, 2017, our Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase program of four million shares of Class
        A or B Common Stock. We repurchased in the year ended April 30, 2019 1,191,496 Class A shares at an average price of $50.35 per share. In the year ended April 30, 2018, we repurchased 713,177 shares at an average price of $55.65 per share. In the
        year ended April 30, 2017, we repurchased 953,188 shares, which included 952,667 Class A shares and 521 Class B shares at an average price of $52.80 per share. As of April 30, 2019, we had authorization from our Board of Directors to purchase up to
        1,888,975 additional shares.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">87</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:ffc8171c-ca9f-4495-9b86-6876dbda129e">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following is a summary of changes during the years ended April 30, in shares of our common stock and common stock in treasury (shares in thousands).</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z6eb0f723e6a34054b7bc19df1aebf419">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Changes in Common Stock A:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number of shares, beginning of year</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">70,111</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">70,086</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">69,798</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Common stock class conversions and other</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">16</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">25</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">288</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number of shares issued, end of year</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">70,127</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">70,111</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">70,086</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Changes in Common Stock A in treasury:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number of shares held, beginning of year</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21,853</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">22,097</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21,709</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Purchase of treasury shares</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,192</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">713</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">953</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restricted shares issued under stock-based compensation plans - non-PSU Awards</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(210)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(153)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(74)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restricted shares issued under stock-based compensation plans - PSU Awards</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(110)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(126)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(186)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Stock grants of fully vested Class A shares - common stock</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(20)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(24)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restricted shares, forfeited</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">15</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restricted shares issued from exercise of stock options</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(229)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(788)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(469)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Shares withheld for taxes</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">130</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">116</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">97</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">83</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number of shares held, end of year</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">22,634</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21,853</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">22,097</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number of Common Stock A outstanding, end of year</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">47,493</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48,258</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">47,989</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z90c727b091754478b203845e9668cc1f">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Changes in Common Stock B:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number of shares, beginning of year</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,071</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,096</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,392</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Common stock class conversions and other</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(25)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(296)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number of shares issued, end of year</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
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          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
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          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">13,096</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Changes in Common Stock B in treasury:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number of shares held, beginning of year</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,918</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,918</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,917</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Shares repurchased</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number of shares held, end of year</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,918</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,918</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,918</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number of Common Stock B outstanding, end of year</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9,137</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9,153</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9,178</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:f9c50378-0408-4627-92cd-e4c90691824b">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table summarizes the cash dividends paid during the year ended April 30, 2019:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z3629fa769e1f45a29701bacc6ae7cd1b">

        <tr>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Date of Declaration by Board of Directors</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Quarterly Cash Dividend</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total Dividend</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Class of Common Stock</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Dividend Paid Date</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Shareholders of Record as of Date</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">June 21, 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$0.33 per common share</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$19.0 million</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class A and</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class B</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">July 18, 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">July 3, 2018</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">September 26, 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$0.33 per common share</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$18.9 million</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class A and</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class B</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">October 24, 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">October 9, 2018</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">December 19, 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$0.33 per common share</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$18.9 million</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class A and</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class B</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">January 16, 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">January 2, 2019</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">March 20, 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$0.33 per common share</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$18.6 million</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class A and</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class B</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">April 17, 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">April 2, 2019</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:af11f714-7e13-4028-8579-ca0c266639a7">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note19SegmentInformation"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 19 &#8211; Segment Information</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our segment reporting structure consists of three reportable segments, which are listed below and a Corporate category as follows:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div style="margin-left: 27pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;<font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Research;</font>&#160;</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div style="margin-left: 27pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;<font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Publishing; and</font>&#160;</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div style="margin-left: 27pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8226;<font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Solutions</font>&#160;</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">88</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:016e0b8d-8fb2-4b58-b27a-5bc706356c59">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="10">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">For the Years Ended April 30,</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">937,313</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">934,395</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">853,489</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">574,192</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">617,648</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">633,449</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">288,564</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">244,060</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">231,592</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Revenue</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,800,069</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,796,103</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,718,530</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contribution to Profit<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;"> (1)</sup>:</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">258,875</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">271,326</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">250,648</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">118,901</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">124,531</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14,967</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14,822</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">392,743</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">415,064</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">390,001</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate Expenses</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(168,754</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(183,603</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(178,531</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Operating Income</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">223,989</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">231,461</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">211,470</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup> Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the
        non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest Income and Other for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Refer to Note 2,
        "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2018 was $4.2
        million in Research, $2.3 million in Publishing, and $1.6 million in Corporate expenses. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2017 was $1.6 million in Research, $1.2 million in
        Publishing, and $(8.1) million in Corporate expenses.</font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Note 3, &#8220;Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,&#8221; for revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product
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    <div><br>
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  <div id="TRGRSegment:df09abb2-6ccd-4121-9571-54b7fabd2eea">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">For the Years Ended April 30,</div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,152,973</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,238,178</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,133,846</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">643,549</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">575,033</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">582,339</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">751,854</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">563,489</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">575,068</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">388,626</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">462,751</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">314,964</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,937,002</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,839,451</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,606,217</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Product Development Spending and Additions to Technology, Property and Equipment</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(6,457</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(7,538</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(154,189</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(19,712</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(23,666</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(29,420</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(9,001</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(16,786</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(21,210</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(66,423</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(102,738</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(98,608</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(101,593</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(150,728</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(303,427</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Depreciation and Amortization</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">37,088</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">33,655</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">34,300</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">27,703</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">26,792</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">55,875</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">53,136</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">56,608</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">161,155</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">153,989</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">156,561</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
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      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">89</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:de46626d-6d6a-471e-a746-7387b5ba4897">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Revenue from external customers is based on the location of the customer and Technology, Property and Equipment, Net by geographic area were as follows:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="10">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Revenue, net</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="10">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Technology, Property and Equipment, Net</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">United States</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">932,927</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">913,852</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">786,574</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">252,459</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">249,542</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">208,572</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">United Kingdom</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">India</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,796,103</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,718,530</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">289,021</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">289,934</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">243,058</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">410.9</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Second Quarter</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">448.6</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">451.7</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Third Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">449.4</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">455.7</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fourth Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">491.2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">477.3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Year ended April 30,</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,800.1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,796.1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Gross Profit <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">First Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">283.1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">285.5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Second Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">316.0</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">319.6</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Third Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">305.5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">319.3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fourth Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">340.7</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">340.7</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Year ended April 30,</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,245.3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,265.1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Operating Income <sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(2)</sup></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">First Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">36.1</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">12.6</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Second Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57.5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Third Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fourth Quarter</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">80.1</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">72.7</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Year ended April 30,</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">224.0</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">231.5</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Net Income</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">First Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">26.3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9.2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Second Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">43.8</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">60.0</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Third Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">34.9</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">68.8</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fourth Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">63.3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">54.2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Year ended April 30,</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">168.3</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">192.2</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="6">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="6">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Basic</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Basic</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">First Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.46</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.16</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.16</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Second Quarter</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.76</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.76</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.06</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.04</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Third Quarter</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.61</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.61</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.21</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.19</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fourth Quarter</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.11</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.10</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.95</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0.93</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Year ended April 30,</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.94</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.91</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.37</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.32</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">90</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1) </sup>In connection with the acquisition of Learning House, we changed our accounting policy
        for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales
        whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to &#8220;Change
        in Accounting Policy&#8221; in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition,&#8221; for more information related
        to the acquisition of Learning House.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(2) </sup>Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, &#8220;Compensation&#8212;Retirement Benefits
        (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,&#8221;, we reclassified total net benefits related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans
        from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Refer to Note 2, &#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards,&#8221;
        for more information.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(3) </sup>The sum of the quarterly earnings per share amounts may not agree to the respective annual amounts due to rounding.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:c4369552-0fd0-4adc-8e11-0a8574e2988f">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Note21SubsequentEvents"><!--Anchor--></a>Note 21 &#8211; Subsequent Events</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amended and Restated Credit Agreement:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On May 30, 2019, we entered into a credit agreement that amended and restated our existing RCA. The credit agreement provides for senior
        unsecured credit facilities comprised of a (i) five-year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount up to $1.25 billion, and (ii) a five-year term loan A facility consisting of $250 million. The agreement contains certain customary
        affirmative and negative covenants, including a financial covenant in the form of a consolidated net leverage ratio and consolidated interest coverage ratio. We incurred approximately $4.0 million of costs related to this agreement.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:46bd9d92-9ad2-4110-8351-15e1748e5105">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Acquisitions:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On May 31, 2019, we completed the acquisition of certain assets of Knewton, Inc. (&#8220;Knewton&#8221;), included in our Publishing segment. Knewton is
        a provider of affordable courseware and adaptive learning technology for an undisclosed amount.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On July 1, 2019, we completed the acquisition of Zyante Inc. ("Zyante"), a leading provider of computer science and STEM education
        courseware. Under the terms of the agreement, Zyante shareholders received $56 million in cash. Zyante will be included in our Education Publishing segment.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:56449c22-2485-4430-bc8d-0e1a180fff2d">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dividend:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On June 28, 2019, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.34 per share, or approximately $19.2 million, on our Class A and
        Class B Common Stock.&#160; The dividend is payable on July 24, 2019 to shareholders of record on July 10, 2019.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">91</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:073f34aa-2cf6-4648-b658-a53ddd2d0c6b">
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item9."><!--Anchor--></a>Item 9. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-weight: bold;">Chan</font>ges in and
              Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">None</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:62b75a36-4bd2-4814-96ee-44a0f312648b">
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item9A."><!--Anchor--></a>Item 9A. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-weight: bold;">Contr</font>ols and
              Procedures</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Disclosure Controls and Procedures:</font>
        The Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, together with the Chief Accounting Officer and other members of the Company's management, have conducted an evaluation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as defined
        in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded
        that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within
        the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow
        timely decisions regarding required disclosure.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Management's Report on Internal Control over
          Financial Reporting: </font>Our Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act.&#160; Under the supervision and with the
        participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based upon the framework in Internal Control &#8211;
        Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as of April 30, 2019.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report
        on Form 10-K and, as part of their audit, has issued their report, included herein, on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Changes in Internal Control over Financial
          Reporting:</font> During fiscal year 2019, we closed on the acquisition of Learning House and we excluded Learning House from the scope of management&#8217;s report on internal control over financial reporting for the year ended April 30, 2019. We are
        in the process of integrating Learning House to our overall internal control over financial reporting and will include them in scope for the year ending April 30, 2020. This process may result in additions or changes to our internal control over
        financial reporting. Learning House represented approximately 1% of total consolidated assets and approximately 2% of total consolidated revenues of the Company as of and for the year ended April 30, 2019.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are in the process of implementing a new global ERP that will enhance our business and financial processes and standardize our information
        systems. As previously disclosed, we have completed the implementation of record-to-report, purchase-to-pay and several other business processes within all locations through fiscal year 2017. We completed the implementation of order-to-cash for
        certain businesses in May 2018 and may continue to roll out additional processes and functionality of the ERP in phases in the foreseeable future.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As with any new information system we implement, this application, along with the internal controls over financial reporting included in this
        process, will require testing for effectiveness. In connection with this ERP implementation, we are updating our internal controls over financial reporting, as necessary, to accommodate modifications to our business processes and accounting
        procedures. We do not believe that the ERP implementation will have an adverse effect on our internal control over financial reporting.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Except as described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019
        that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:208d8ed1-682f-4f85-9c83-699d77d1b127">
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item9B"><!--Anchor--></a>Item 9B. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-weight: bold;">Other In</font>formation</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">None</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">92</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:7c37313c-104f-4cb0-85f3-254406237ca4">
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">PART III</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item10."><!--Anchor--></a>Item 10. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Directors,
              Executive Officers and Corporate Governance</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For information with respect to Executive Officers of the Company, see &#8220;Information About Our Executive Officers&#8221; as set forth in Part I of
        this Annual Report on Form 10-K.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The name, age, and background of each of the directors nominated for election are contained under the caption &#8220;Election of Directors&#8221; in the
        Proxy Statement for our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (&#8220;2019 Proxy Statement&#8221;) and are incorporated herein by reference.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Information on the audit committee financial experts is contained in the 2019 Proxy Statement under the caption &#8220;Report of the Audit
        Committee&#8221; and is incorporated herein by reference.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Information on the Audit Committee Charter is contained in the 2019 Proxy Statement under the caption &#8220;Committees of the Board of Directors
        and Certain Other Information concerning the Board.&#8221;</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Information with respect to the Company's Corporate Governance principles is publicly available on the Company's Corporate Governance website
        at <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">https://www.wiley.com/en-us/corporategovernance.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:175f4888-8ef4-4994-af76-ec7d541d01ba">
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item11."><!--Anchor--></a>Item 11. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-weight: bold;">Execut</font>ive Compensation</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Information on compensation of the directors and executive officers is contained in the 2019 Proxy Statement under the captions &#8220;Directors'
        Compensation&#8221; and &#8220;Executive Compensation,&#8221; respectively, and is incorporated herein by reference.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:82e59e22-2b5a-49cc-9abd-f1ea88fa5139">
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item12."><!--Anchor--></a>Item 12. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-weight: bold;">Securi</font>ty Ownership of
              Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Information on the beneficial ownership reporting for the directors and executive officers is contained under the caption "Section 16(a)
        Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" within the "Beneficial Ownership of Directors and Management" section of the 2019 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Information on the beneficial ownership reporting for all other
        shareholders that own 5% of more of the Company's Class A or Class B Common Stock is contained under the caption "Voting Securities, Record Date, Principal Holders" in the 2019 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The following table summarizes the Company's equity compensation plan information as of April 30, 2019:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zd783a7f196e14b218ea6a08f05199a3a">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Plan Category</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number of</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Securities to be</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Issued Upon Exercise</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">of Outstanding Options,</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Warrants and Rights </font><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(1)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Weighted Average</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Exercise Price of</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Outstanding Options,</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Warrants and Rights</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Number of</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Securities Remaining</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Available for Future</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Issuance Under Equity</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Compensation Plans </font><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">(2)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,128,823</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">49.70</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,355,399</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z56b796238cf74c9e969cf3e05af7acb6" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1)</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This amount includes the following awards issued under the 2014 Key Employee Stock Plan:</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;">
        <div style="margin-left: 27pt;">&#8226;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>372,404 shares issuable upon the exercise
            of outstanding stock options with a weighted average exercise price of $49.70</font>&#160;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">
        <div style="margin-left: 27pt;">&#8226;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>756,419 non-vested performance-based and
            other restricted stock awards. Since these awards have no exercise price, they are not included in the weighted average exercise price calculation.</font>&#160;</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 2pt; width: 100%;" id="z26bcf19c281d4ffb895aac362fc5aaa4" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-top: 2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(2)</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Per the terms of the 2014 Key Employee Stock Plan (&#8220;Plan&#8221;), a total of 6,500,000 shares shall be authorized for
                  awards granted under the Plan, less one (1) share for every one (1) share that was subject to an option or stock appreciation right granted after April 30, 2014 under the 2009 Key Employee Stock Plan and 1.76 Shares for every one (1)
                  share that was subject to an award other than an option or stock appreciation right granted after April 30, 2014 under the 2009 Key Employee Stock Plan.&#160;Any shares that are subject to options or stock appreciation rights shall be counted
                  against this limit as one (1)<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>share for every one (1) share granted, and any shares that are subject to awards other than options or
                  stock appreciation rights shall be counted against this limit as 1.76<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>Shares for every one (1) share granted.&#160;After the Effective Date
                  of the Plan, no awards may be granted under the 2009 Key Employee Stock Plan.&#160;</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">
      <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">All of the Company's equity compensation plans are approved by shareholders.</font></div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">93</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:8e339de5-d2cd-4f29-9041-075e40029f5d">
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item13."><!--Anchor--></a>Item 13. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-weight: bold;">Certain Re</font>lationships
              and Related Transactions, and Director Independence</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Information on related party transactions and the policies and procedures for reviewing and approving related party transactions are
        contained under the caption &#8220;Transactions with Related Persons&#8221; within the &#8220;Board and Committee Oversight of Risk&#8221; section of the 2019 Proxy Statement and are incorporated herein by reference.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Information on director independence is contained under the caption &#8220;Director Independence&#8221; within the &#8220;Board of Directors and Corporate
        Governance&#8221; section of the 2019 Proxy Statement.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:b508c213-a9c4-482b-b6c8-c052a8fbe4cc">
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item14."><!--Anchor--></a>Item 14. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-weight: bold;">Principal Acc</font>ounting
              Fees and Services</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Information required by this item is contained in the 2019 Proxy Statement under the caption &#8220;Report of the Audit Committee&#8221; and is
        incorporated herein by reference.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">94</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
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    </div>
    <!--PROfilePageNumberReset%Num%96%%%-->
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:66a74fc2-9253-42f4-b621-b21eb87a28d5">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">PART IV</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item15."><!--Anchor--></a>Item 15. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Exhibits,
              Financial Statement Schedules</font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">(a)&#160;Documents filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1) Financial Statements</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule of this Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(2) Financial Statement Schedule</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Schedule&#160;II&#160;&#8212; Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves&#160;&#8212; Years Ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 of this Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K.
        The other schedules are omitted as they are not applicable, or the amounts involved are not material.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3) Exhibits</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt; margin-left: 45pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z24e4cfce89c741f4bcfe276891bc6e8a">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(a)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are filed as part of this report.</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(b)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Exhibits</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714018000021/exhibit3_1.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year
                  ended April 30, 1992).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.2</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/0000107140-96-000013.txt"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times
                    New Roman', Times, serif;">Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated October 13, 1995</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to the
                  Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 1996).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.3</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/0000107140-98-000010.txt"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times
                    New Roman', Times, serif;">Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated as of September 1998</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to the
                  Company's Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended October 31, 1998).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.4</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714099000016/0000107140-99-000016.txt"><font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated as of September 1999</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated
                  by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended October 31, 1999).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.5</font></div>
            <div>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714018000021/exhibit3_5.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amended and Restated By-Laws dated as of September 2007</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form
                  10-K for the year ended April 30, 2018).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.1</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714019000016/exhibit10_1.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated May 30, 2019, among the Company and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender, and L/C Issuer, and the lenders and other agents party
                    thereto</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 8-K filed on June 5, 2019).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.2</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714014000032/exhibit32_3.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Agreement of the Lease dated as of July 14, 2014 between Hub Properties Trust as Landlord, an independent third party and John Wiley and Sons, Inc as Tenant</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt;
                  font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended July 31, 2014).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a href="exhibit10_3.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10.3</font></a><font style="font-size:
                  10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">*</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2018 Director Stock Plan</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.4</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714014000040/exhibit10_2.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2014 Executive Annual Incentive Plan</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-Q for the
                  quarterly period ended October 31, 2014).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.5</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714014000040/exhibit10_1.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amended 2014 Key Employee Stock Plan</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-Q for the
                  quarterly period ended October 31, 2014).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.6</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714010000020/exh10.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan as Amended and Restated effective as of January 1, 2009</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by
                  reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2010).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.7</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amendments<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714010000041/exh10.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                  Times, serif;"> and </font><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714010000041/exhh.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">B</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt;
                  font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> to the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan as Amended and Restated Effective January 1, 2009 (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended
                  July 31, 2010).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.8</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714013000023/exhibit108.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Resolution amending the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan to Cease Accruals and Freeze Participation effective June 30, 2013</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                  Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2013)</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.9</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714010000020/exhibit10.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Supplemental Benefit Plan Amended and Restated as of January 1, 2009, including amendments through August 1, 2010</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
                  (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended January 31, 2011).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.10</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714013000023/exhibit1010.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Resolution amending the Supplemental Benefit (Retirement) Plan to Cease Accruals and Freeze Participation effective June 30, 2013</font></a>&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                  Times, serif;">(incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2013).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.11</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714010000020/exhi10.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred Compensation Plan as Amended and Restated Effective as of January 1, 2008</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to
                  the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2010).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.12</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714013000023/exhibit1012.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Resolution amending the Deferred Compensation Plan effective July 1, 2013</font></a> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2013).</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.13</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714005000110/serp120605.txt"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors' 2005 &amp; After Compensation</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to the Report
                  on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2005).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a href="exhibit10_14.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> 10.14</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">*</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Form of the Fiscal Year 2020 Qualified Executive Long Term Incentive Plan</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a href="exhibit10_15.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10.15</font></a><font style="font-size:
                  10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">*</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Form of the Fiscal Year 2020 Qualified Executive Annual Incentive Plan</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a href="exhibit10_16.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10.16</font></a><font style="font-size:
                  10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">*</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Form of the Fiscal Year 2020 Executive Annual Strategic Milestones Incentive Plan</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.17</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714018000021/exhibit10_14.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Form of the Fiscal Year 2019 Qualified Executive Long Term Incentive Plan</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference
                  to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2018).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.18</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714018000021/exhibit10_15.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Form of the Fiscal Year 2019 Qualified Executive Annual Incentive Plan</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to
                  the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2018).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.19</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714018000021/exhibit10_16.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Form of the Fiscal Year 2019 Executive Annual Strategic Milestones Incentive Plan</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by
                  reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2018).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.20</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714017000026/fy18eltipexhibit10_14.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Form of the Fiscal Year 2018 Qualified Executive Long Term Incentive Plan</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference
                  to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2017).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.21</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714017000026/fy18eaipexhibit10_15.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Form of the Fiscal Year 2018 Qualified Executive Annual Incentive Plan</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to
                  the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2017).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.22</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714017000026/fy18stratplanexhibit10_16.htm"><font style="font-size:
                    10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Form of the Fiscal Year 2018 Executive Annual Strategic Milestones Incentive Plan</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated
                  by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2017).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.23</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714003000011/a10k2003.txt"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Senior Executive Employment Agreement to Arbitrate dated as of April 29, 2003</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to the
                  Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2003).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.24</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714003000011/a10k2003.txt"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Senior Executive Non-competition and Non-Disclosure Agreement dated as of April 29, 2003</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by
                  reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2003).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.25</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714015000012/exhibit10_1.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Senior Executive Employment Agreement dated as of April 15, 2015 between Mark Allin and the Company</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated
                  by reference to the Company's Report on Form 8-K dated as of April 15, 2015).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.26</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714017000036/mja_sra.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Separation and Release Agreement, effective June 9, 2017, between Mark Allin, former President and Chief Executive Officer and the Company</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                  Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended July 31, 2017).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.27</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714013000012/ex1029.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Senior executive Employment Agreement dated as of May 20, 2013 between John A. Kritzmacher and the Company</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
                  (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 8-K dated as of June 4, 2013).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.28</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714017000036/jk_empag.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Addendum to the Employment Agreement, effective June 26, 2017, between John A. Kritzmacher, and the Company</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
                  (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended July 31, 2017).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.29</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714011000016/ex10.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times
                    New Roman', Times, serif;">Senior executive Employment Agreement letter dated as of March 15, 2004, between Gary M. Rinck and the Company</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
                  (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2011).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a href="exhibit10_30.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10.30</font></a><font style="font-size:
                  10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">*</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Employment Letter dated September 26, 2016 between Judy Verses, Executive Vice President, and the Company.</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.31</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714017000044/napackemployment.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Employment Letter dated October 12, 2017 between Brian A. Napack, President and Chief Executive Officer, and the Company</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                  Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended October 31, 2017).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">10.32</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714019000004/exhibit10_1.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Employment Letter dated February 5, 2019 between Matthew Kissner, Group Executive, and the Company</font></a><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> (incorporated
                  by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 8-K filed on February 7, 2019).</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a href="exhibit21_1.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21</font></a><font style="font-size:
                  10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">*</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">List of Subsidiaries of the Company.</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a href="exhibit23_1.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">23</font></a><font style="font-size:
                  10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">*</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Consent of KPMG LLP.</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a href="exhibit31_1.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">31.1</font></a><font style="font-size:
                  10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">*</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a href="exhibit31_2.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">31.2</font></a><font style="font-size:
                  10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">*</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a href="exhibit32_1.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">32.1</font></a><font style="font-size:
                  10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">*</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
                Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a href="exhibit32_2.htm"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">32.2</font></a><font style="font-size:
                  10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">*</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
                Act of 2002.</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="jwa-20190430.xml"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight:
                  bold;">101.INS**</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">XBRL Instance Document</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="jwa-20190430.xsd"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight:
                  bold;">101.SCH**</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="jwa-20190430_cal.xml"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                  font-weight: bold;">101.CAL**</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="jwa-20190430_def.xml"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                  font-weight: bold;">101.DEF**</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="jwa-20190430_lab.xml"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                  font-weight: bold;">101.LAB**</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 9.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><a href="jwa-20190430_pre.xml"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                  font-weight: bold;">101.PRE**</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90.09%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zf6a9f1abed2f493e8056a994dad1e95d" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 13.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">*</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Filed herewith</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -13.5pt; margin-left: 13.5pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">** Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of
        a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these
        sections</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Item16."><!--Anchor--></a>Item 16. Form 10-K Summary</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">None.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div id="DSPFPageFooter" style="width: 100%;">
        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">96</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:b97257ec-4141-4c11-8498-1fabe41e1a9d">
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(2) Financial Statement Schedule</div>
    <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="ScheduleII"><!--Anchor--></a>Schedule II</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">JOHN WILEY &amp; SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">FOR THE YEARS ENDED APRIL 30, 2019, 2018, AND 2017</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">(Dollars in thousands)</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="ze3e2c0c052674d7285b8ae6547766f66">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Description</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Balance at</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Beginning</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">of Period</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Charged to</font></div>
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Expenses</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;" colspan="2">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Deductions</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Year Ended April 30, 2019</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="2">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Allowance for Sales Returns<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;"> (1)</sup></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,628</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">37,483</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">37,569</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,542</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10,107</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5,279</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,079</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14,307</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Allowance for Inventory Obsolescence</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,193</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,328</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9,696</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">15,825</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8,811</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">51</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(12,317</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21,179</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Year Ended April 30, 2018</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Allowance for Sales Returns<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;"> (1)</sup></font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">24,300</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">38,711</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">44,383</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,628</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,186</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5,439</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10,107</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Allowance for Inventory Obsolescence</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21,096</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9,182</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">12,085</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,193</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">8,811</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Year Ended April 30, 2017</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Allowance for Sales Returns<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;"> (1)</sup></font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">19,861</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">53,482</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">49,043</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">24,300</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,254</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,913</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,981</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,186</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Allowance for Inventory Obsolescence</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21,968</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">9,538</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">10,410</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">21,096</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,300</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">
            <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,300</font></div>
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          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> </font><br>
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            <tr>
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                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Allowance for Sales Returns represents anticipated returns net of a recovery of
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              </td>
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        </table>
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    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
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        <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br>
          </font></div>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;" id="DSPFPageNumberArea"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;" id="DSPFPageNumber">97</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="TRGRSegment:691c1f58-99d7-4ced-b771-007958ff988d">
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="SIGNATURES"><!--Anchor--></a>SIGNATURES</div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> </font><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be
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          <td style="width: 46%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 2.98%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">/s/ Brian A. Napack</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of
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          <td style="width: 27.09%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.44%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 44.81%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 13.32%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 13.32%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.12%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 27.09%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.44%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 44.81%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 13.32%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.12%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 10.12%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 27.09%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.44%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 44.81%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 13.32%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 10.12%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 2.22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 13.32%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.12%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 27.09%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.44%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 44.81%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 13.32%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.12%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">/s/ Jesse C. Wiley</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 44.81%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 13.32%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.12%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 27.09%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.44%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 44.81%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 13.32%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.12%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 13.32%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.12%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 44.81%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 13.32%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.12%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 2.44%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 44.81%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 44.81%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 13.32%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.12%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 2.44%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 44.81%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.22%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 13.32%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 10.12%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-21.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>exhibit21_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 21.1
<TEXT>
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    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 21</div>
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          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 59.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;J Wiley Ltd.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">United Kingdom</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;John Wiley &amp; Sons GmbH</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Germany</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Germany</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 74.15pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;CrossKnowledge Group Limited</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">United Kingdom</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 52.55pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Wiley Distribution Services Ltd.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">United Kingdom</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Blackwell Science (Overseas Holdings)</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">United Kingdom</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;John Wiley &amp; Sons A/S</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Denmark</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Wiley Publishing Japan KK</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Japan</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Wiley Japan KK</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Japan</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Wiley Publishing Australia Pty Ltd.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Australia</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;John Wiley and Sons Australia, Ltd.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Australia</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">John Wiley &amp; Sons Canada Limited</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Canada</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">John Wiley &amp; Sons (HK) Limited</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Hong Kong</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 68.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Wiley HK2 Limited</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 31.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Hong Kong</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zfe551139e70a4d63b83f99edd7a95a95" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1)</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The names of other subsidiaries that would not constitute a significant subsidiary in the aggregate have been omitted.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>exhibit23_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 23.1
<TEXT>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>&#160;</title>
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    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">
      <hr align="center" style="border: none; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-top: 4px solid black; height: 10px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 23</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The </font>Board of Directors<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
        </font>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements (Nos. 33-62605, 333-93691, 333-123359, and
        333-167697) on Form S-8 of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. of our reports dated July 1, 2019, with respect to the consolidated statements of financial position of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. as of April&#160;30, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated
        statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders&#8217; equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended April&#160;30, 2019, and the related notes and financial statement schedule, and the effectiveness of internal control
        over financial reporting as of April&#160;30, 2019, which reports appear in the April&#160;30, 2019 annual report on Form 10-K of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our report dated July 1, 2019, on the consolidated financial statements refers to a change in the method of accounting
        for certain advertising and marketing costs. Our report on the consolidated financial statements also refers to a change in the method of accounting for revenue recognition&#160;effective May 1, 2018 due to the adoption of Accounting Standards
        Codification Topic 606, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Revenue from Contracts with Customers.</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our report dated July 1, 2019, on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting contains an explanatory
        paragraph that states the Company acquired Learning House during fiscal year 2019, and management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2019.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">/s/ KPMG LLP</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">New York, New York<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
        </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">July 1, 2019</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
  </div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>exhibit31_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION
<TEXT>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>&#160;</title>
    <!-- Licensed to: JOHN WILEY AND SONS, INC.
         Document created using EDGARfilings PROfile 5.1.0.0
         Copyright 1995 - 2019 Broadridge -->
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<body style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
  <div id="TRGRSegment:9df380c2-c4d8-4688-b172-13fd30627d17">
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Exhibit31.1"><!--Anchor--></a></div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">
      <hr align="center" style="border: none; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-top: 4px solid black; height: 10px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> </div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 31.1</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF
            THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">I, Brian A. Napack, certify that:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z0a43a2fca3c54d318f2f25973cee7fdb" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z75ad2ddb99334d99ac2a2f794d8503fd" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

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              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
                    made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z4fc35de1f6ce456498f1c4429dec500e" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
                    financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z080272ede04c40febaeca65adec20c4e" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The registrant&#8217;s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange
                    Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z1e440f66140643e38cee3fcee118e7e6" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

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              <td style="width: 36pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that
                    material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="zb31ca184c16646f2b79e7b4aaf9cd5f2" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 36pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">b.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to
                    provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z2631a974abda4f68bd7b910e183ff88a" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 36pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">c.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&#8217;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the
                    disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z526bcdbe6bcd4d5fbb3098c58831a3ab" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 36pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">d.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&#8217;s most recent fiscal
                    quarter (the registrant&#8217;s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect the registrant&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting; and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z4a329895d6a243c1ba4281cc5a13dd80" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The registrant&#8217;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
                    registrant&#8217;s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant&#8217;s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):</font></div>
              </td>
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        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
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              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to
                    adversely affect the registrant&#8217;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
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              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&#8217;s internal control over
                    financial reporting.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" id="z4a626647a86348c4907ee0ac63fe23e2" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">By:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">/s/ Brian A. Napack</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Brian A. Napack</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">President and Chief Executive Officer</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dated:&#160;July 1, 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.2
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>exhibit31_2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION
<TEXT>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>&#160;</title>
    <!-- Licensed to: JOHN WILEY AND SONS, INC.
         Document created using EDGARfilings PROfile 5.1.0.0
         Copyright 1995 - 2019 Broadridge -->
  </head>
<body style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
  <div id="TRGRSegment:47cced0e-d344-4d4e-b2ee-04313bd1d530">
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Exhibit31.2"><!--Anchor--></a></div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><br>
      <div>
        <hr align="center" style="border: none; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-top: 4px solid black; height: 10px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      Exhibit 31.2</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF
            THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</u></font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">I, John A. Kritzmacher, certify that:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z054b0b6f6255460aa8906c03cdec4ec6" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z0e6e8408c6184e799c23b70c0c86fa3b" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
                    made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z1cfea202812f409db2c5a4b0b088bc4e" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
                    financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z7abc0ebfa3ae4449ab56577880be11b8" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The registrant&#8217;s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange
                    Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="zd60fab8d56a24229b0672ffe953c4159" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

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              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that
                    material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z37edcf99beda40869939e7f9e5a2ea97" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

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              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">b.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to
                    provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="zf6aaec33ecf54c538f26485b1ba1dd3a" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

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              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">c.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&#8217;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the
                    disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="zd2e70086281f4a98ad7f53213eb04cf7" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

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              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">d.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&#8217;s most recent fiscal
                    quarter (the registrant&#8217;s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting; and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z62a21be5c3134b228dd69fda03d054a2" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

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              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The registrant&#8217;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
                    registrant&#8217;s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant&#8217;s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z22971d9df43f441299df7bc80d883fb9" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

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              <td style="width: 18.1pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to
                    adversely affect the registrant&#8217;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="zb8052a398a60430c84e975b13aead541" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

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              <td style="width: 18.1pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">b.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&#8217;s internal control over
                    financial reporting</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" id="z0a77085b5d66422f87ad18dba905138f" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

        <tr>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">By:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">/s/ John A. Kritzmacher</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">John A. Kritzmacher</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President, Operations</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dated:&#160;July 1, 2019</font></div>
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        </tr>

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    <div><br>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-32.1
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>exhibit32_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION
<TEXT>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>&#160;</title>
    <!-- Licensed to: JOHN WILEY AND SONS, INC.
         Document created using EDGARfilings PROfile 5.1.0.0
         Copyright 1995 - 2019 Broadridge -->
  </head>
<body style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
  <div id="TRGRSegment:04ddbbad-edbe-41f4-94d9-3128a06bf34a">
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Exhibit32.1"><!--Anchor--></a></div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">
      <hr align="center" style="border: none; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-top: 4px solid black; height: 10px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><br>
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    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 32.1</div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection with the Annual Report of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2019 as filed
        with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the &#8220;Report&#8221;), I, Brian A. Napack, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
        Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that based on my knowledge:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z26475b9ef04248469d6959d423f4dc01" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

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              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1)</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
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                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and&#160;results of operations of the Company.</font></div>
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    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" id="zcc5c61e68be54761844aff6f8546f936" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

        <tr>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">By:</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">/s/ Brian A. Napack</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Brian A. Napack</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">President and Chief Executive Officer</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dated:&#160;July 1, 2019</font></div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-32.2
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>exhibit32_2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION
<TEXT>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>&#160;</title>
    <!-- Licensed to: JOHN WILEY AND SONS, INC.
         Document created using EDGARfilings PROfile 5.1.0.0
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    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><a name="Exhibit32.2"><!--Anchor--></a></div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">
      <hr align="center" style="border: none; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-top: 4px solid black; height: 10px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> </div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 32.2</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection with the Annual Report of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2019 as filed
        with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the &#8220;Report&#8221;), I, John A. Kritzmacher, Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President, Operations of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant
        to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that based on my knowledge:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
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            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1)</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="DSPFListTable" id="z1a9ada6dd433435ea97d3630fa88d004" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 18pt;"></td>
              <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(2)</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" id="z1665b20f48044cf9977a9c8546ca093a" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">By:</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">/s/ John A. Kritzmacher</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">John A. Kritzmacher</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President, Operations</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.84%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 0.93%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dated:&#160;July 1, 2019</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 70%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

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    <div><br>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.3
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>exhibit10_3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>2018 DIRECTOR STOCK PLAN
<TEXT>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
    <!-- Licensed to: JOHN WILEY AND SONS, INC.
         Document created using EDGARfilings PROfile 5.1.0.0
         Copyright 1995 - 2019 Broadridge -->
  </head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#ffffff" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
  <div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">
      <hr align="center" style="border: none; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-top: 4px solid black; height: 10px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">2018 DIRECTOR STOCK PLAN</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="zdca7d5fa4acb49cebe9197fd412864ce" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">1.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Purposes.&#160; </font>The


                  purposes of the 2018 Director Stock Plan (the &#8220;Director Plan&#8221;) are to (a) attract and retain highly qualified individuals to serve as directors of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) and (b) to increase the Non-Employee Directors&#8217;
                  (as defined below) stock ownership in the Company.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z37652a29b34b4ebe93e7c75e47d8ab31" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">2.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Effective
                    Date. </font>Provided that it is approved by the shareholders,<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>the Director Plan shall be effective as of September 27, 2018.
                  Following such approval, no further grants shall be made pursuant to the 2014 Director Stock Plan.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z00bea09142dd4c9ab76c16b2936127fd" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">3.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Participation.&#160;


                  </font>Only Non-Employee Directors shall be eligible to participate in the Director Plan.&#160; A &#8220;Non-Employee Director&#8221; is a person who is serving as a director of the Company and who is not an employee of the Company or any subsidiary or
                  affiliate of the Company.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z601e368d3a8c4055bd5f80cc66385c60" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">4.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Shares
                    Subject to the Plan.&#160; </font>Subject to adjustment as provided in Section 10 below, no more than an aggregate of 200,000 shares of Class A Common Stock (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;) shall be delivered to Non-Employee Directors or their
                  beneficiaries under the Director Plan, which shall be treasury shares.&#160; All shares awarded under the Director Plan will be charged against the total available for grant.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z9249880c849a49f4b050f29b1055ba1a" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">5.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Restricted
                    Stock Grant.&#160; </font>Beginning with the Annual Meeting held in September 2018, and as soon as practicable after every subsequent Annual Meeting, each Non-Employee Director shall receive a grant of restricted shares of the Company&#8217;s
                  Common Stock, rounded upward or downward to the nearest whole share,&#160; with a value of no more than $110,000, which such shares shall vest as provided herein. If a Non-Employee Director becomes a director between Annual Meetings, the value
                  of the shares shall be proportionately reduced to reflect the Non-Employee Director&#8217;s actual days of service during this period.&#160; If a Non-Employee Director has elected to defer receipt of the shares under the Deferred Compensation Plan
                  for Directors (or any successor plan), the grant will be in the form of deferred stock rather than shares of the Company&#8217;s Common Stock and shall be subject to the same vesting terms as specified herein. The value of the Common Stock or
                  deferred stock for purposes of this paragraph shall be determined as of the date of the just concluded Annual Meeting and shall be equal to the closing price for the Common Stock as reported by any primary exchange on which the Common
                  Stock may be listed on such date or, if no shares of the Common Stock were traded on such date, on the next preceding date on which the Common Stock was traded.&#160; The grant shares may not be sold or transferred during the time the
                  Non-Employee Director remains a Director, but may be sold or transferred in the case of death or disability of the Non-Employee Director. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 5, prior to the grant date at Annual Meetings
                  following the 2018 Annual Meeting, the Governance Committee shall have the right to make adjustments to the amount of the grant share value, so long as the aggregate value of such shares granted with respect to any Annual Meeting does not
                  exceed $300,000 per director (excluding for this purpose the value of any dividend equivalents credited on deferred stock and the value of any grants pursuant to an election to receive shares in lieu of cash as described in Section 8
                  below).The Governance Committee may grant additional awards to the Chairman of the Board, or may elect to provide a cash equivalent in lieu of the Director stock award and any additional restricted share award to the Chairman of the
                  Board.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="zb0f7636907d940baa7deaad5092f6e0c" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">6.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Vesting</font>.&#160;


                  The shares granted pursuant to Section 5 shall vest on the earliest of (i) the day before the next Annual Meeting following the grant, (ii) the Non-Employee Director&#8217;s death or disability (as determined by the Governance Committee), or
                  (iii) a Change in Control (as defined in the 2014 Key Employee Stock Plan) (each a &#8220;Vesting Event&#8221;).&#160; Unless the Board or the Governance Committee determines otherwise in its sole discretion, the grant shall be forfeited if the
                  Non-Employee Director&#8217;s service terminates for any reason before a Vesting Event.&#160; Unless otherwise determined by the Governance Committee, any dividends paid on shares of Common Stock will be paid with respect to the granted shares at
                  the same time and in the same manner as such dividends are paid generally.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z08f7514007784c1780d6aecab023635f" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">7.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Cash
                    Compensation</font>.&#160; In addition, the amount of cash compensation paid or payable by the Company to a Non-Employee Director with respect to any calendar year shall be $100,000 (with additional cash compensation of $15,000 for committee
                  chair ships for Audit, Executive Compensation and Development, and Governance Committees), which such cash compensation shall be pro-rated for the year an individual first becomes a Non-Employee Director.&#160;&#160; The Board or the Governance
                  Committee may reallocate the cash compensation and grant of restricted shares of Common Stock referenced in Section 5 as long as the total aggregate value remains unchanged (for example, $150,000 of stock grants and $60,000 of base cash
                  compensation. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 7, the Governance Committee or the Board shall have the right to make adjustments to the annual cash compensation amount, so long as the cash payment to a Non-Employee
                  Director does not exceed $200,000 per director in a calendar year. The Governance Committee may also grant additional cash compensation to the Chairman of the Board.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="zaba0f6023a394babab399041f03eea81" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">8.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Election to
                    Receive Stock in Lieu of Eligible Cash Fees.&#160; </font>Subject to the terms and conditions of the Director Plan, each Non-Employee Director may elect to receive shares of Common Stock or deferred stock (rounded upward or downward to the
                  nearest whole share) in lieu of all or a portion of the cash compensation otherwise payable for services to be rendered by such Non-Employee Director during each calendar year that begins after the date on which such election is made.&#160;&#160;
                  This election may be made in increments of 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% of such compensation, as determined in accordance with Section 9 below.&#160; &#160; An election under this Section 8 to have cash compensation paid in shares of Stock shall be valid
                  only if it is in writing, signed by the Non-Employee Director, and filed with the Corporate Secretary of the Company. The election must be irrevocable with respect to the calendar year to which it applies and must be made no later than
                  the last day of the previous calendar year and, to the extent Sections 409A of the Internal Revenue Code applies, in accordance with the requirements thereof.&#160; &#160; Common Stock to be received by a Non-Employee Director pursuant to his or
                  her election shall be distributed to such Non-Employee Director on each cash payment date. For purposes of this paragraph, cash compensation shall mean the Non-Employee Director&#8217;s annual retainer fee and the additional retainer fee
                  received by committee chairmen.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z3c8ab5e5aa344c0992c0325005c2b300" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">9.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Equivalent
                    Amount of Stock.&#160; </font>The number of whole shares of Common Stock to be distributed or allocated (if deferred stock) to a Non-Employee Director in accordance with the Non-Employee Director&#8217;s election made under Section 8 above shall
                  be equal to:</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(a) the amount of the cash compensation which the Non-Employee Director has
        elected to forego in exchange for shares of Stock, divided by</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(b) the closing price for the Common Stock as reported by any exchange on which
        the Common Stock may be listed on the date of the regularly scheduled quarterly meeting of the Board of Directors or, if no shares of Common Stock were traded on such date, on the next preceding date on which the Common Stock was traded.</font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z3537c58999c24d19a067432818653571" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">10.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Change in
                    Capital Stock</font>.&#160; The total number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Director Plan shall be appropriately adjusted for any change in the outstanding shares of Common Stock through recapitalization, stock split,
                  stock dividend, extraordinary cash dividend or other change in the corporate structure, or through merger or consolidation in which the Company is the surviving corporation.&#160; The Board in its discretion will determine such adjustments and
                  the manner of application.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z76e4551729634c26b067957988f8bbd5" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">11.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Nonassignability.&#160;


                  </font>No rights under the Director Plan shall be assignable or transferable by a Non-Employee Director other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z5bf5fb36078b4818809ab75aa66e4eb8" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">12.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Legal
                    Requirements</font>.&#160; The issuance of shares pursuant to the Director Plan and the subsequent transfer of such shares shall be conditioned upon compliance with the listing requirements of any securities exchange upon which the Stock may
                  be listed, the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the requirements of applicable state laws relating to authorization, issuance or sale of securities.&#160; The Board
                  may take such measures as it deems desirable to secure compliance with the foregoing.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z09d86b6796744c2cb636a6f762f9b4c2" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">13.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Administration</font>.&#160;


                  The Board shall administer and interpret the Director Plan in its sole discretion.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z36af38ad00924ff08ea3e49cee1795e3" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 22.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">14.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Construction;
                    Amendment; Termination</font>.&#160; The Director Plan shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, and may be amended by action of the Board and approval of the shareholders (to the extent such approval is
                  required by applicable law or the rules of the stock market or exchange, if any, on which the shares of Common Stock are principally quoted or traded), or terminated at any time by action of the Board.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Approved by the Board of Directors&#8212;June 20, 2018, amended by the Board of
        Directors on March 20, 2019</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><br>
    </div>
  </div>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.30
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>exhibit10_30.htm
<DESCRIPTION>JUDY VERSES EMPLOYMENT LETTER
<TEXT>
<html>
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    <title></title>
    <!-- Licensed to: JOHN WILEY AND SONS, INC.
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  <div><img src="image00013.jpg"></div>
  <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">September 26, 2016</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Judy Verses</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dear Judy:</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">I am very pleased to confirm our offer of employment with John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. as EVP, Research, contingent upon a satisfactory
        background check.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As discussed, your employment date will be on or about October 24-, 2016.&#160; Your salary will be $17,083.33 semi-monthly, equivalent to $410,000
        annually.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For fiscal year 2017 (&#8220;FY17&#8221;), which began on May 1, 2016, you will be eligible to participate in the Executive Annual Incentive Plan (&#8220;EAIP&#8221;),
        with a target incentive equal to $250,000.&#160; Payout may range between 50% and 150% based on achievement of corporate and Research financial goals and strategic milestones, and $150,000 of that amount will be guaranteed.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Beginning in fiscal year 2018 (&#8220;FY18&#8221;), your target incentive under the EAIP will be equal to 75% of your base salary in effect for that fiscal
        year.&#160; Payout may range between 50% and 150% based on achievement of corporate and Research financial goals and strategic milestones.&#160; There is no payout of the EAIP if achievement of financial goals and strategic milestones is below the threshold
        level. All payouts under the EAIP are subject to and in accordance with plan provisions.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">You will receive a sign-on bonus of $50,000 payable within 90 days of hire, subject to taxes and other withholding.&#160; You will be required to pay
        back the sign-on bonus if you leave the Company voluntarily within one year of your hire date.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Beginning with the FY2017-19 performance cycle, which began on May 1, 2016, you will be eligible to participate in the Company&#8217;s Executive
        Long-Term Incentive Program (&#8220;ELTIP&#8221;).&#160; Your targeted long-term incentive for this cycle is $500,000.&#160; Sixty percent of your ELTIP value is delivered in the form of target performance share units and forty percent in restricted share units using a
        ten-day average stock price in June when grants are made.&#160; Payout of restricted performance share units under the Plan is based on achievement of corporate financial metrics for the cycle, currently three-year cumulative EBITDA and three-year
        cumulative free cash flow. The payout range is 50% for threshold level financial achievement and 150% for outstanding level financial achievement.&#160; There is no payout of the restricted performance share units if financial performance is below the
        threshold level.&#160; All payouts under the ELTIP are subject to and in accordance with plan provisions.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As an executive officer, your compensation is based upon the recommendation of the President and CEO and subject to approval by the Executive
        Compensation and Development Committee of the Board of Directors. All compensation is subject to withholding and payroll taxes.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We will provide temporary housing for up to sixty days in Hoboken while you look for housing in the NJ metropolitan area.&#160;In addition, we will
        provide lease break support and reimbursement for shipment of household goods, if needed, up to a maximum of $20,000.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">You will be eligible to participate in Wiley's benefits plans in accordance with Company policy.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Beginning calendar year 2017, you will be eligible for twenty-nine (29) days of paid time off plus two floating holidays. Paid time off accrual
        and scheduling will be in accordance with Company policy.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
        </font>While we look forward to a mutually beneficial relationship, your employment is "at-will."&#160; This offer letter is not a contract and does not guarantee any employment duration, terms, or conditions. Should your employment be involuntarily
        terminated without cause or due to constructive discharge, you will receive as severance one month of base salary for each year of service subject to a minimum of twelve months and a maximum of eighteen months.&#160; In the event your employment is
        involuntarily terminated without cause or due to constructive discharge within 24 months of a change in control, you will receive as severance eighteen months of base salary plus your target annual incentive.&#160; All severance outlined herein will be
        in accordance with the Executive Severance Plan, and is subject to your signing a release and waiver of claims and compliance with non-competition, non-solicitation, non-disclosure and non-disparagement restrictive covenants.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Judy, I know that you will contribute significantly to the success of the Company. I am sure you will find this position challenging and
        rewarding, and I look forward to working with you.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Please sign and return this letter to me at the address noted.</font></div>
  </div>
  <div><br>
  </div>
  <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Sincerely,</font><font id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab" style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 288pt;">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display:
        inline-block;">&#160;</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;">&#160;</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;">&#160;</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;">&#160;</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;">&#160;</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;">&#160;</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;">&#160;</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;">&#160;</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px;
        display: inline-block;">&#160;</font><font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab">&#160;</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;">&#160; </font><font style="width: 9pt;
        font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"></font><font style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;" class="HorizontalTab"> </font>Acknowledged and Agreed:</font></div>
  <div><br>
  </div>
  <br>
  <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" id="z67ae4f9510b44eb29c38bdb6ddfe827a" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;">

      <tr>
        <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
          <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">/s/ Archana Singh</div>
        </td>
        <td style="width: 7%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
        <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
          <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">/s/ Judy Verses</font></div>
        </td>
        <td style="width: 47%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">
          <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Archana Singh</font></div>
        </td>
        <td style="width: 7%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">
          <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Judy Verses</font></div>
        </td>
        <td style="width: 47%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">
          <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">EVP and Chief Human Resources Officer</font></div>
        </td>
        <td style="width: 7%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        <td style="width: 47%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        <td style="width: 7%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">
          <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Date : September 26, 2016</font></div>
        </td>
        <td style="width: 47%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        <td style="width: 7%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        <td style="width: 47%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>
      </tr>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.14
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>exhibit10_14.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FY 2020 QUALIFIED EXECUTIVE LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN
<TEXT>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
    <!-- Licensed to: JOHN WILEY AND SONS, INC.
         Document created using EDGARfilings PROfile 5.1.0.0
         Copyright 1995 - 2019 Broadridge -->
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<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#ffffff" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
  <div><font style="font-weight: bold;"> <br>
    </font></div>
  <div><font style="font-weight: bold;"> </font>
    <hr align="center" style="border: none; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-top: 4px solid black; height: 10px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></div>
  <div>
    <div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 10.14</font> </div>
    <div style="text-align: right;"><u> <br>
      </u></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 36pt;"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>JOHN WILEY &amp; SONS, INC.</u></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>FY 2020 QUALIFIED
            EXECUTIVE LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN</u></font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 60pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>PLAN DOCUMENT</u></font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 108pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>CONFIDENTIAL</u></font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 78pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>May 1, 2019</u></font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><img width="192" height="78" src="image00004.jpg"></div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><img width="192" height="78" src="image00022.jpg"></div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" id="DSPFPageBreakArea">
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>CONTENTS</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="ze23bb06d52274ba6af3bd6a91227ca51">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 16.67%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid black;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Section</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 68.18%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid black;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Subject</font></font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 15.15%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid black;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Page</font></font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 16.67%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">I.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 68.18%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Definitions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 15.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 16.67%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">II.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 68.18%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Plan Objectives</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 15.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 16.67%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">III.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 68.18%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Eligibility</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 15.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 16.67%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">IV.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 68.18%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Performance Targets and Measurement</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 15.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 16.67%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">V.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 68.18%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Performance Evaluation</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 15.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 16.67%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">VI.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 68.18%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Performance Share Units Award Provisions</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 15.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 16.67%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">VII.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 68.18%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restricted Share Units</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 15.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 16.67%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">VIII.</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 68.18%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Payouts</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 15.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 16.67%; vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">XI.<br>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 68.18%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Administration and Other Matters</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 15.15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> </font><br>
    </div>
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      <div style="page-break-after: always;" id="DSPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">I.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>DEFINITIONS</u></font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Following are definitions for words and phrases used in this document.&#160; Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise,
        these words and phrases are considered to be defined terms and appear in this document in italicized print:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">award&#160;


        </font>The award made to a participant under this <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font> in connection with the attainment of specified <font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance levels</font> for the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period </font>as specified in the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> participant&#8217;s</font> award<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>summary.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">business


          criteria</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>An indicator of financial performance, chosen from the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif; font-style: italic;">business criteria</font> listed in Section 10.2 of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font>. The following <font style="font-size:
          10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business criteria </font>are used in this<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> plan:</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">cumulative free cash flow</font>&#160; Reported &#8220;Cash provided by operating activities&#8221; less &#8220;Additions to technology, property and equipment&#8221; and &#8220;Product development spending&#8221; in the Company&#8217;s Statement of Cash Flows for the
        three-year <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">cumulative EBITDA </font>&#160;Adjusted operating income excluding depreciation&#160;expense and amortization of intangible and product development assets<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>in the Company&#8217;s Summary of Operations, consistent with amounts reported for the Company&#8217;s adjusted EBITDA results reported publicly, for the three-year <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
          'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">business


          unit </font> The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font>, a business or subsidiary of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">Company</font>, or a global unit of the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> Company</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Company</font>&#160;
        John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Executive


          Compensation and Development Committee (Committee)</font> The committee of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company&#8217;s</font> Board of Directors responsible for the review and
        approval of executive compensation.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">financial


          goal</font>&#160; A targeted level of attainment of a given <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business criteria</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">financial


          results</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160; </font>The published, audited financial results of the Company.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">participant</font>&#160;
        An employee of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> selected to participate in the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">plan</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">performance levels</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">threshold</font>&#160; The minimum acceptable level of achievement of a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goal</font> in order to earn a<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> payout, </font>expressed as a percentage of<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> target </font>
        e.g., 85% of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target</font>).</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">target</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>&#160; Achievement of the assigned <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">financial goal-</font>100%.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">outstanding</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160; </font>superior achievement of a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif; font-style: italic;">financial goal, </font>earning the maximum<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> payout</font>, expressed as a<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
          'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>percentage of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target</font> (e.g., 115% of<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
          'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> target</font>).</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">performance


          share unit</font>&#160; The contingent right given by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> to a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> to receive a share of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">stock </font>issued pursuant to this <font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font> and the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font> that is subject to forfeiture.&#160; In
        the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font>, such <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">stock</font> is
        referred to as &#8220;Performance-Based Stock.&#8221;</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">performance


          target</font>&#160; A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's</font> objective to achieve specific <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">financial goals</font> for assigned <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business criteria</font> in the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
          Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period</font>, as approved by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>.&#160; A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
          'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance target</font> comprises all of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goals</font> for the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business criteria </font>in a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit.</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">plan</font>&#160;&#160;


        This FY 2020 Qualified Executive Long Term Incentive Plan.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">plan-end


          adjusted performance share unit</font>&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">award</font>&#160;&#160; The number of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
          Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance share units</font> earned by a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant </font>at the end of the <font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period</font> after adjustments, if any, are made, as set forth in Sections V and VIII.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">plan
          period</font>&#160;&#160; The three year period from May 1, 2019 to April 30, 2022, or a portion of this period, at the discretion of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">restricted


          share unit</font>&#160; The contingent right given by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> to a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> to receive a share of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">stock</font> issued pursuant to this <font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font> and the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font> that is subject to forfeiture.&#160; In
        the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font>, such <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">stock</font> is
        referred to as &#8220;Restricted Stock.&#8221;</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">shareholder


          plan</font>&#160;&#160; The John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.&#160; 2014 Key Employee Stock Plan.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">stock</font>&#160;&#160;


        Class A Common Stock (par value $1 per share) of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 24pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">target


          incentive</font>&#160; The targeted number of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance share units</font> that a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> is eligible to receive if 100% of his/her/her applicable <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance targets</font> are achieved and
        the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> remains employed by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font>
        through the June 30, 2022 vesting date, except as otherwise provided in Section VIII.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">II.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>PLAN OBJECTIVES</u></font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 24pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font> is
        intended to provide the officers and other key colleagues of the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> Company</font> and of its subsidiaries, affiliates and certain joint venture
        companies, upon whose judgment, initiative and efforts the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company </font>depends for its growth and for the profitable conduct of its business, with
        additional incentive to promote the success of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company.</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">III.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>ELIGIBILITY</u></font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 24pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>
        is selected by the President and CEO and recommended for participation to the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>, which has sole discretion for determining eligibility,
        from among those colleagues in key management positions deemed able to make the most significant contributions to the growth and profitability of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font>.&#160;


        The President and CEO of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> is a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">IV.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>PERFORMANCE TARGETS AND MEASUREMENT</u></font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The President and CEO recommends and the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">Committee</font> adopts, in its sole discretion, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance targets</font> and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
          'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance levels</font> for each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>, not later than 90 days from the
        commencement of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period</font>.&#160; No <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance


          target</font> or <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance level</font> may be modified after 90 days from the commencement of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
          'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period</font>.</font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="zd9f83c122321428aa14b86875c1b8cdc" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Performance
                    targets</font>, comprising one or more <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goals</font>, are defined<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                    Times, serif;">&#160;</font>for each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit</font>.<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font>Each


                  <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goal</font> is assigned a weight, such that the sum of the weights of all <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                    Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goals</font> for a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit</font> equals 100%.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="zaf17b5e3f4ce4ae1842e34c75f27476a" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-style: normal;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">B.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>
                  is assigned <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance targets</font> for one or more <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">business units, </font>based on the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant&#8217;s</font> position, responsibilities, and his/her ability to affect
                  the results of the assigned <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit</font>. For each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">participant</font>, each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit </font>is assigned a weight<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times
                    New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">, </font>such that the sum of the weights of all<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> business units</font> for a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> equals 100%<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">. </font>Collectively,


                  all <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit performance targets </font>constitute the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">participant&#8217;s plan period</font> objectives.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="zf5a47d0125d44dfe9fed29bb76ab97dc" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">C.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial


                    goal</font> is assigned <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance levels</font> (threshold, target and outstanding).</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">V.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>PERFORMANCE EVALUATION</u></font></font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z1083553028a243ff92771e91fc74f429" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Financial Results</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="zc854163abe474ad8a3a209fa312aec3b" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 72pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">At the end of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">plan period,</font> the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial results</font> for each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
                    serif; font-style: italic;">business unit</font> are compared with that unit&#8217;s <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goals </font>to determine the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout </font>for each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="zd2946c45bd2a432682c66a20d4166984" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 72pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In determining the attainment of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">financial goals</font>, the impact of&#160; any of the events (1) through (9) listed in Section 10.2 of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder
                    plan</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font>will<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font>be excluded from the <font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial results </font>for any affected<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> business unit.</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="zba6cc7351d354cf2aa8b9e6c516c6724" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 72pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Award Determination</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="zf972aa30363a4e1eb32bcfab2bdc3e35" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 108pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 90pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#183;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Achievement of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">threshold</font> performance of at least one <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goal </font>of a<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                    Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> performance target</font> is necessary for a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> to receive a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> for that <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance target</font>.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="zefc707a8cdc647e4a82e111af84dc00f" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 108pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 90pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#183;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The unweighted<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>payout


                  factor for each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goal</font> is determined as follows:</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="z53bde28879034aee9d84d2deed9d8cc3" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 130.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 108pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">o</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For performance below the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">threshold</font> level, the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>payout factor is zero.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="ze938aac2d08b48caafe7c0fce0c37baf" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 130.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 108pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">o</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For performance at the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">threshold</font> level, the payout factor is 50%.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="z13c5e2abd372410591b5e315433016f6" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 130.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 108pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">o</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For performance between the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">threshold</font> and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target</font> levels, the payout factor is between 50% and 100%, determined on a pro-rata basis.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="z5674ea1bb2fa4114ac9c993d9848026d" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 130.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 108pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">o</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For performance at the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">target</font> level, the payout factor is 100%.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="z34877e4d9f4c4c58b35bc96731648369" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 130.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 108pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">o</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For performance between the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">target</font> and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">outstanding</font> levels, the payout factor is between 100% and 150%, determined on a pro-rata
                  basis.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="z9e1f7fb2064f46a09a832ab2e3331613" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 130.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 108pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">o</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For performance at or above the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">outstanding</font> level, the payout factor is 150%.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="z3fc04bee207041199b994a581da0385f" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 108pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 90pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#183;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A participant&#8217;s <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">plan-end adjusted performance share unit award</font> is determined as follows:</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="za01b7c3da71947d985f36ff218e6c1e4" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 130.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 108pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">o</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial


                    goal&#8217;s </font>unweighted<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>payout factor determined above times the weighting of that <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goal</font> equals the weighted<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>payout factor<font style="font-size:
                    10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>for<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>that<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> financial goal</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="zdbacb5484a4347068cdd878d47489e98" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 130.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 108pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">o</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The sum of the weighted<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">&#160;</font>payout factor<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">s </font>for a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">business unit&#8217;s</font>&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goals</font> equals the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
                    serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>payout factor for that <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance target.</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="ze062ceda240049559dc5c84182ce531f" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 130.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 108pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">o</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The participant&#8217;s target incentive</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 130.5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">times<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
        </font>the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> business unit </font>weight<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
        </font>times<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
        </font>the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance target </font>payout factor<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
        </font>equals<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
        </font>the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant&#8217;s </font>payout<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>for
        that<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> business unit</font></font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="z8720a3b2c5bf4c2f95f950709d6216da" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 130.5pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 108pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">o</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The sum of the payouts for all the business units assigned to a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> equals the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant&#8217;s</font> total <font style="font-size:
                    10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan-end adjusted performance share unit award</font>.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="zc5dde93170b14aa7991d11bee2d43077" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 108pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 90pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#183;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>
                  may, in its sole discretion, reduce a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>&#8217;s payout to any level it deems appropriate.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">VI.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS AWARD PROVISIONS</u></font></font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z97edd36826f149cb931beecfe9b34e51" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Performance
                    share units</font>, equal to 60% of a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>&#8217;s <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">target incentive,</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;</font>shall be determined at the beginning of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                    Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period.</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z795d160781a547d08fdd24d48d3e544c" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-style: normal;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">B.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> plan-end
                    adjusted performance share unit award </font>will be compared to the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance share units</font> targeted at the beginning of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period</font>, and the appropriate amount of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">performance share units</font> will be awarded or forfeited, as required, to bring the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance share units</font> award to
                  the number of shares designated as the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan-end</font>&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">adjusted performance share unit award</font>.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">VII.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS</u></font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>
        may be granted <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">restricted share units</font> pursuant to the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
          italic;">shareholder plan</font> at the beginning of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period</font>, representing another incentive vehicle by which the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> is able to share in the long-term growth of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
          italic;">Company</font>. The terms and conditions of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">restricted share unit</font> award are contained in the <font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font> and in the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">restricted share unit </font>award grant
        agreement.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">VIII.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>PAYOUTS</u></font></font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="zdc09086fd946480fbcc44ae27d832f0e" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Normal Payout</u></font>.&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Plan-end adjusted performance share units awards</font> will be made within 2-1/2 months after the end of the plan period.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z1d561ab0157347c78c7c90558bc06abb" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">B.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Resignation or Termination
                      with or without Cause</u></font>.&#160; Except as otherwise provided in this Section VIII or in a written agreement approved by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>,
                  a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> who resigns, or whose employment is terminated by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                    Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font>, with or without cause before the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> award</font> is vested, will forfeit the right to
                  receive an <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">award</font>.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="zd171da59aaad45bebf37d62b6be327ed" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">C.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Death or Disability</u></font>.&#160;


                  Solely to the extent provided by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font> in the award summary or in a written agreement, in the event of a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant&#8217;s</font> death or disability while in employment prior to the end of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                    Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period</font>, the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> (or, in the event of death, his or her estate) will
                  receive a prorated <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan-end adjusted performance share unit award</font> which shall be paid out in shares based upon actual performance
                  upon the conclusion of the plan period, within 2-1/2 months after the end of the plan period. &#8220;Disability&#8221; for this purpose will be determined by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">Committee</font> under a definition permitted under Code Section 409A.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z18ff899bcaca4bad8379d83abc486087" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">D.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Retirement</u></font>.&#160; Except
                  as otherwise provided in this Section VIII or in a written agreement approved by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>, in the event of a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant&#8217;s</font> retirement as that term is defined in the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">shareholder plan,</font> prior to the end of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period</font>, the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> will receive a prorated <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan-end adjusted performance share unit
                    award</font> (as determined by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>) which shall be paid out in shares based upon actual performance upon the conclusion
                  of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period</font>, within 2-1/2 months after the end of the plan period.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="zfd725a4e36154d3faaa2e4b30ecf6db1" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">E.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Change of Control</u></font>.&#160;
                  In the event of a Change of Control, as that term is defined in the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font>, in cases where:</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="zc63d4061aa0b4f2f981fd0dcd96ca9f6" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 108pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 90pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#183;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the acquiring company is not publicly traded, or</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="z0651c077b1594119bde1dca12dbb37f2" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 108pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 90pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#183;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">where the acquiring company is publicly traded and the company does not assume or replace the outstanding
                  equity, or</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%;" id="zf1207cb41157474baafa203e8c577340" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 108pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 90pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#183;</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant&#8217;s</font>
                  employment is terminated due to a "without cause termination" or "constructive discharge" within twenty-four months following a change of control,</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">all then outstanding &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
          Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target</font>&#8221; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance share unit</font>s shall immediately become fully vested, and all <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan-end adjusted performance share unit awards</font> that are not yet vested shall immediately become fully vested.</font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z35daa3380cee462e855cd12e30f5f2f9" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">F.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"><u>Performance


                      Share Units</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u> Earned for Completed Plan Periods</u></font>.&#160; In the event of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                    Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant&#8217;s</font> death, Disability, or retirement as that term is defined in the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font>
                  or <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance share unit</font> grant agreement, following the end of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                    Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period</font> but prior to full vesting of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan-end adjusted performance share unit awards</font>,
                  such <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance share units</font> shall immediately become fully vested.</font></div>
            </td>
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      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z0ea11b952d634137be4929ef22ecb079" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">G.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Change in Position</u></font>.&#160;


                  A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> who is hired or promoted into an eligible position during the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                    Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan period</font> may receive a prorated <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan-end adjusted performance share unit award</font>
                  as determined by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>, in its sole discretion.</font></div>
            </td>
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    <div style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">IX.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER MATTERS</u></font></font></div>
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          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>
                  will be administered by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>, which shall have authority in its sole discretion to interpret and administer this <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>, including, without limitation, all questions regarding eligibility and status of any <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>, and no <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> shall have any right to receive a
                  payout or payment of any kind whatsoever, except as determined by the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> Committee</font> hereunder.</font></div>
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            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">B.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font>
                  will have no obligation to reserve or otherwise fund in advance any amount which may become payable under the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>.</font></div>
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      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z2c6dbb3a7f2a4645a5c07c3e641917e9" class="DSPFListTable">

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            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">C.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the event that the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">Company</font> is required to file a restatement of its financial results due to fraud, gross negligence or intentional misconduct by one or more employees and/or material non-compliance with Securities laws, the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> will cancel the unvested <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance


                    share units</font> previously granted to all <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participants</font> in the amount by which such shares exceeded any lower number of shares
                  that would have been earned based on the restated financial results, for the plan cycle in which the restatement was required, and if applicable, any gain associated with the award for that plan cycle will be repaid to the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> by the participant in the amount by which such gain exceeded any lower gain that would have been made based on the restated
                  financial results, to the full extent required or permitted by law.&#160; This provision extends beyond the clawback requirements under Sarbanes-Oxley that are limited to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">If a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> is
        directly responsible for or involved in fraud, gross negligence or intentional misconduct that causes the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> to file a restatement of its
        financial results, the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> will cancel the unvested <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">performance share units</font> previously granted to such <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>, for the plan cycle in which the restatement was
        required, and if applicable, any gain associated with the award for that plan cycle will be repaid to the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>, to the full extent required or permitted by law.&#160;</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z279fafaf71bb4e4399c68f2e28dd1d04" class="DSPFListTable">

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              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-style: normal;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">D.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>
                  may not be modified or amended except with the approval of the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> Committee</font>, in accordance with the provisions of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan.</font></font></div>
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      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%;" id="z267676a960814a15adf2036c02692b40" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">E.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the event of a conflict between the provisions of this <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times
                    New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font> and the provisions of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font>, the provisions of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font> shall apply.</font></div>
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              <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">F.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">No awards of any type under this <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">plan</font> shall be considered as compensation for purposes of defining compensation for retirement, savings or supplemental executive retirement plans, or any other benefit.</font></div>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.15
<SEQUENCE>11
<FILENAME>exhibit10_15.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FY 2020 QUALIFIED EXECUTIVE ANNUAL INCENTIVE PLAN
<TEXT>
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    <div style="text-align: right;"><u><font style="font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 10.15</font></u><br>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>JOHN WILEY &amp; SONS, INC.</u></font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">FY 2020 QUALIFIED EXECUTIVE ANNUAL INCENTIVE PLAN</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>PLAN DOCUMENT</u></font></font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>CONFIDENTIAL</u></font></font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>MAY 1, 2019</u></font></font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>CONTENTS</u></font></font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Section</font></font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Subject</font></font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Page</font></font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -36pt; margin-left: 54pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">I.</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Definitions</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2</font></div>
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            <div style="text-indent: 18pt; text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">II.</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 9pt;" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Plan Objectives</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -36pt; margin-left: 54pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">III.</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Eligibility</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -36pt; margin-left: 54pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">IV.</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Performance Targets and Measurement</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -36pt; margin-left: 54pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">V.</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Performance Evaluation</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -36pt; margin-left: 54pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">VI.</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Payouts</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">VII.</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Administration and Other Matters</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5</font></div>
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          <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">I.&#160; <font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"></font></font><font style="font-weight: bold;
              font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>DEFINITIONS</u></font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Following are definitions for words and phrases used in this document.&#160; Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise,
        these words and phrases are considered to be defined terms and appear in this document in italicized print:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">base
          salary</font>&#160;&#160; A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's</font>&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">base salary</font>
        as of July 1, 2019, or the date of hire or promotion into the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>, if later, adjusted for any amount of time the <font style="font-size:
          10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> may not be in the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font> for reasons of hire,
        death, disability, retirement and/or termination.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">business
          criteria</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>An indicator of financial performance, chosen from the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif; font-style: italic;">business criteria</font> listed in Section&#160; 4(b)(ii) of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font>. The following <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business criteria </font>are used in this<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> plan:</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">operating income </font>(corporate) Net revenue less cost of sales, amortization of intangibles and operating and administrative expenses, calculated consistently with the Company&#8217;s adjusted results reported publicly</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">contribution to profit&#160; (CTP)</font> (business) Net revenue less cost of sales, direct expenses and allocated shared service costs, calculated consistently with the Company&#8217;s adjusted segment results reported publicly</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">revenue&#160; </font>(business and corporate) Gross annual <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">revenue</font>, net of provision for returns, cancellations, etc., in a
        manner consistent with amounts reported for the Company&#8217;s segment and total results</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">business
          unit </font> The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font>, a business or subsidiary of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">Company</font>, or a global unit of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">the Company</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Company</font>&#160;
        &#160; John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Executive


          Compensation and Development Committee (Committee)</font> The committee of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company's</font> Board of Directors responsible for the review and
        approval of executive compensation.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">financial


          goal</font>&#160;&#160; A targeted level of attainment of a given <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business criteria</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">financial


          results&#160;&#160; </font>The published, audited financial results of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">the Company</font> and the business financial results derived therefrom.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">participant</font>&#160;&#160;


        An employeeof the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> selected to participate in the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">plan</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">payout</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>&#160; Actual gross dollar amount paid to a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>
        under the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>, if any, for achievement of assigned <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
          italic;">performance targets</font>, as further discussed in this <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">performance levels</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">threshold</font>&#160;&#160; The minimum acceptable level of achievement of a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goal</font> in order to earn a<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> payout, </font>expressed as a percentage of<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> target (</font>
        e.g., 95% of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target</font>).</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">target</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>&#160; Achievement of the assigned <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">financial goal-</font>100%.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">outstanding</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>&#160; Superior achievement of a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif; font-style: italic;">financial goal, </font>earning the maximum<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> payout, </font>expressed as a percentage of<font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> target </font>(e.g., 105% of<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> target).</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Performance


          target</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160; &#160; </font>A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's</font>
        objective to achieve specific <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goals</font> for assigned <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">business criteria</font> in the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year</font>, as approved by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
          Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>.&#160; A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance target</font> comprises all of the <font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goals</font> for the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business criteria </font>in a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit.</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">plan</font>&#160;
        &#160; This FY 2020 Qualified Executive Annual Incentive Plan.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">plan
          year&#160; </font>The twelve-month period from May 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020, or a portion of this period, at the discretion of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee.</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">shareholder


          plan</font>&#160; The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font>&#8217;s 2014 Executive Annual Incentive Plan.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">target
          incentive amount</font>&#160;&#160; The amount that a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> is eligible to receive if he/she achieves 100% of his/her <font style="font-size:
          10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance targets </font>for a<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> business unit. </font>The sum of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target incentive amounts </font>for all <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business units </font>assigned


        to a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant </font>is the total<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> target
          incentive amount.</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">target
          incentive percent</font>&#160;&#160; The percent applied to the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's total annual incentive opportunity</font> to determine the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target incentive amount </font>for this<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> plan</font>.
        Generally, for the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year</font> 2020, the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target
          incentive percent</font> for this <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font> is 75%.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">total
          annual incentive opportunity </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>The total target amount that<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> is eligible to receive from all annual incentive plans, including this <font style="font-size:
          10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">II.&#160; </font><font style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"></font>PLAN OBJECTIVES</u></font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font> is intended to provide the
        officers and other key colleagues of the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> Company</font> and of its subsidiaries, affiliates and certain joint venture companies, upon whose judgement,
        initiative and efforts the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company </font>depends for its growth and for the profitable conduct of its business, with additional incentive to promote
        the success of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company.</font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">III.&#160; <font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"></font></font><font style="font-weight: bold;
              font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>ELIGIBILITY</u></font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> is selected by the
        President &amp; CEO and recommended for participation to the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>, which has sole discretion for determining eligibility, from among those
        colleagues in key management positions deemed able to make the most significant contributions to the growth and profitability of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font>.&#160;
        The President and CEO of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> is a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">IV.&#160; </font><font style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"></font>PERFORMANCE TARGETS AND MEASUREMENT</u></font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The CEO recommends and the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>
        adopts, in its sole discretion, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance targets</font> and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">performance levels</font> for each participant, not later than 90 days from the commencement of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year</font>.&#160; No <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance target</font> or <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance level</font> may
        be modified after 90 days from the commencement of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year</font>.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z6bad5f8cf4eb4ed0bdaac8dc23c33cdb" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt; font-style: normal;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">A.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Performance targets, </font>comprising


                  one or more <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goals,</font> are defined for each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">business unit</font>.&#160; Each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goal</font> is assigned a weight, such that the sum of the weights of all <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goals</font> for a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit</font>
                  equals 100%.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z2be6a86281c643d3828294437f1d6f0d" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt; font-style: normal;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">B.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> is assigned
                  <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance targets</font> for one or more <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business


                    units , </font>based on the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant&#8217;s</font> position, responsibilities, and his/her ability to affect the results of the assigned <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit</font>. For each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>,
                  each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit </font>is assigned a weight<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">, </font>such that the sum of the weights of all<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> business units </font>for a<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times
                    New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> participant</font> equals 100%<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">. </font>Collectively, all <font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit performance targets </font>constitute the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant&#8217;s
                    plan year</font> objectives.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><font style="font-style: normal;"><br>
      </font> </div>
    <font style="font-style: normal;"> </font>
    <div><font style="font-style: normal;"> </font> <font style="font-style: normal;"> </font><font style="font-style: normal;"> </font>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z5f19a1e2576f4e60a957e3d72e78f21c" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-style: normal;"> </font>
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt; font-style: normal;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">C.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goal </font>is
                  assigned <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance levels</font> (<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">threshold</font>,
                  <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target</font> and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">outstanding</font>).</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;">
      <div>
        <div>
          <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">V.&#160; </font><font style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"></font>PERFORMANCE EVALUATION</u></font></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z1a250d5114324821b2f7e4e1fe9c9487" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 25.2pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Financial Results</u></font></font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z2bc98ce9acf54d3086a4c8050246b621" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 49.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">At the end of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year,</font>
                  the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial results</font> for each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business


                    unit</font> are compared with that unit&#8217;s <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goals </font>to determine the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                    Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout </font>for each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zd80d5fe7851947819ddcca3ccc906a87" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 49.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In determining the attainment of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial


                    goal</font>s,</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z10c21e591bf84acbb3b984d300208d90" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 72pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 54pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the impact of foreign exchange gains or losses will be excluded.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zd056b27345a9416a9e4e58c8adc3db65" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 72pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 54pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">b.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the impact of any of the events (1) through (9) listed in Section 4(b)(ii) of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times
                    New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font> will be excluded from the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial results</font> of any affected
                  <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit.</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zcbc65e5461c54dbc8b71bf673d1ed84b" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 49.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Award Determination</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zc9bc829f4b35468486bca51a538a3157" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 67.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 49.95pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">a.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Achievement of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">threshold</font>
                  performance of at least one <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goal </font>of a<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;"> performance target</font> is necessary for a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> to receive a <font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> for that <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance target</font>.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zd0f7ef29f39f4c09b042a04c23d727b2" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 67.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 49.95pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">b.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The unweighted<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>payout factor
                  for each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goal</font> is determined as follows:</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="za9f6427ae9504206abfd0a36f13216b0" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 103.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 85.95pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For performance below the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">threshold</font>
                  level, the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>payout factor is zero.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zde1e82ea33fc41f2b89e03e11aef3c43" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 103.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 85.95pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For performance at the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">threshold</font>
                  level, the payout factor is 50%.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z34c91d06246540328aa1e1e27449c54e" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 103.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 85.95pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For performance between the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">threshold</font>
                  and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target </font>levels, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">the </font>payout


                  factor is between 50% and 100%, determined on a pro-rata basis.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zde1c45b03537414b863f834d78c9650e" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 103.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 85.95pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For performance at the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target</font>
                  level, the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>payout factor is 100%.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z6bda03ab7fc0462ba3ddfe6de0fe9eaa" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 103.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 85.95pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For performance between the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target</font>
                  and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">outstanding </font>levels, the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>payout


                  factor is between 100% and 150%, determined on a pro-rata basis.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z8c52244fdfd24eaf8aefc49f1ef22ea4" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 103.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 85.95pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>performance at or above
                  the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">outstanding</font> level, the payout factor is 150%.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z336db5ca4c0b44878332ca31e8a3f95d" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 67.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 49.95pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">c.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> participant&#8217;s payout</font> is
                  determined as follows:</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z3f0bf27909d44e4d83865da9916d453d" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 103.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 78.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goal&#8217;s </font>unweighted<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>payout factor determined above times the weighting of that <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">financial goal</font> equals the weighted<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>payout factor<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                    Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>for<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>that<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
                    serif; font-style: italic;"> financial goal.</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zef3abc482b5943829943c7947b50fd42" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 103.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 78.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The sum of the weighted<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>payout
                  factors<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>for a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit</font>&#8217;s
                  <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">financial goals</font> equals the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>payout


                  factor for that <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance target.</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z2a0ee3e4a5dc4461916af6ccf71ac10d" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 103.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 78.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">3.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant&#8217;s total annual
                    incentive opportunity</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 216pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>times</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 144pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">
          participant&#8217;s target incentive percent</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 216pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>times</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 180pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business</font>&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">unit weight</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 256.5pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">times</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 144pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">performance


          target </font>payout factor</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 216pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;equals</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 180pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant&#8217;s payout </font>for


        that<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> business unit</font></font></div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z220bcddc7a6a479faa21ce8761feb010" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 103.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 78.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The sum of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payouts</font> for
                  all the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business units </font>assigned to a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">participant </font>equals the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> participant&#8217;s </font>total<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
                    serif; font-style: italic;"> payout.</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z09c642bd4fb145d29a72c812f9313bb3" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 67.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 49.95pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">d.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">If the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> for the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> is higher than the payout for the other <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">business units</font>, the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> for the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">Company</font> will be reduced to the level of the highest <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business unit</font>&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font>.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="ze38608d02a9948e785b6bf2d64ba1fdd" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 67.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 49.95pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">e.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">If the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> for the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> or any of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">business units</font>
                  is below 25%, the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> for the impacted <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">participants</font> will be funded 25%, provided the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company&#8217;s </font>performance on <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                    'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">operating income</font> achieves at least 85% of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target</font>.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z06ff0f55ec3f4f84962b25abb9d359ad" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 67.95pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 49.95pt; font-weight: normal;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">f.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font> may, in its
                  sole discretion, reduce a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>&#8217;s <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                    italic;">payout</font> to any level it deems appropriate.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">VI.<font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>PAYOUTS</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z099248e4330745e3b0088a6fdd0c1a2d" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt; font-style: normal;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">A.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Payouts</font> will be made within 90
                  days after the end of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year.</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z98d96cce9e0c478483081a32dbe77bd0" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt; font-style: normal;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;">B.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the event of a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's</font>
                  death, disability, retirement or leave of absence prior to the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> for the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                    Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year</font>, the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font>, if any, will be determined by the <font style="font-size:
                    10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee.&#160; </font>Any such <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> will be calculated as
                  noted in Section V. <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
                  </font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z03d4070577154d35b94fcdfbff6c0397" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">C.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> who resigns, or
                  whose employment is terminated by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font>, with or without cause, before the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times
                    New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> for the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year</font>, will not receive a <font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font>.&#160; Exceptions to this provision shall be made with the approval of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">Committee</font>, in its sole discretion.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z5b7a2655aef441f0818f4a4f09f5598d" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">D.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> who is hired or
                  promoted into an eligible position during the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year</font> may receive a prorated <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                    Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> as determined by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>, in its sole discretion.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">VII.<font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER MATTERS</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z1f2e303057b448a68df427186a8b7906" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font> will be administered
                  by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>, which shall have authority in its sole discretion to interpret and administer this <font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>, including, without limitation, all questions regarding eligibility and status of any <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
                    serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>, and no <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> shall have any right to receive a payout or payment of any kind
                  whatsoever, except as determined by the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> Committee</font> hereunder.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z4f8fc1aa7e04470ca65dc395100af6de" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">B.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> will have no
                  obligation to reserve or otherwise fund in advance any amount which may become payable under the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zc69c4ea6b32545a98ff7e52079c0ad66" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">C.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the event that the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font>
                  is required to file a restatement of its financial results due to fraud, gross negligence or intentional misconduct by one or more employees, and/or material non-compliance with Securities laws, the <font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> will require reimbursement of any annual incentive compensation awarded to all <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
                    serif; font-style: italic;">participants</font> in the amount by which such compensation exceeded any lower payment that would have been made based on the restated <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
                    serif; font-style: italic;">financial results</font>, for the fiscal year in which the restatement was required, to the full extent required or permitted by law.&#160;</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">If a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> is
        directly responsible for or involved in fraud, gross negligence or intentional misconduct that causes the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> to file a restatement of its
        financial results, the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> will require reimbursement of all annual incentive compensation awarded to such <font style="font-size: 10pt;
          font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>, for the fiscal year in which the restatement was required, to the full extent required or permitted by law.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z3622835fe7574b16aff39e359dd5c022" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">D.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font> may not be modified
                  or amended except with the approval of the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> Committee,</font> in accordance with the provisions of the <font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan.</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z11020d999291437ca5e3dab25d1c915b" class="DSPFListTable">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">E.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the event of a conflict between the provisions of this <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">plan</font> and the provisions of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font>, the provisions of the <font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">shareholder plan</font> shall apply.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.16
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>exhibit10_16.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FY 2020 EXECUTIVE ANNUAL STRATEGIC MILESTONES INCENTIVE PLAN
<TEXT>
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    <div style="text-align: right;"><u><font style="font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 10.16</font></u><br>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>JOHN&#160; WILEY&#160; &amp;&#160; SONS,&#160; INC.</u></font></div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>FY 2020&#160; EXECUTIVE&#160; ANNUAL&#160; STRATEGIC&#160;
            MILESTONES&#160; INCENTIVE&#160; PLAN</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>ADMINISTRATIVE&#160; DOCUMENT</u></font></font></div>
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    </div>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>CONFIDENTIAL</u></font></font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>MAY 1, 2019</u></font></font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Section</font></font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Subject</font></font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Page</font></font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">I.</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Definitions</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">II.</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Plan Objectives</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">III.</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Eligibility</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">IV.</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Performance Objectives and Measurement</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">V.</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Performance Evaluation</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">VI.</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Payouts</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">5</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">VII.</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Administration and Other Matters</font></div>
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            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;I.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>DEFINITIONS</u></font></font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Following are definitions for words and phrases used in this document.&#160; Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise,
        these words and phrases are considered to be defined terms and appear in this document in italicized print:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">achievement level</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">threshold</font>&#160;&#160; The minimum acceptable level of achievement of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font>.&#160; If <font style="font-size:
          10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">threshold</font> performance is achieved against all <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font>,
        a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> may earn 50% of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target
          incentive amount</font> for which he/she is eligible.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">target</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>&#160; Achievement in aggregate of target <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times,
          serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font>.&#160; Each individual <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestone</font> is set at a level that is both challenging and
        achievable.&#160; If <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target</font> performance is achieved against all <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font>, a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> may earn 100% of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
          Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target incentive amount</font> for which he/she is eligible.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;
          font-style: italic;">outstanding</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font>&#160; Superior achievement of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font>, both in quality and scope, with limited time and resources.&#160; If <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">outstanding</font> performance is
        achieved against <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font>, the maximum amount a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">participant</font> may earn is 150% of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target incentive amount</font> for which he/she is eligible.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">base
          salary</font>&#160;&#160; The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's</font>&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">base
          salary</font> as of July 1, 2019, or the date of hire or promotion into the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>, if later, adjusted for any amount of time the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> may not be in the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font> for
        reasons of hire, death, disability, retirement and/or termination.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Company</font>&#160;
        &#160; John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Executive


          Compensation and Development Committee (Committee) </font> The committee of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company's</font> Board of Directors responsible for the review and
        approval of executive compensation.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">participant</font>&#160;&#160;


        An employee of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> selected to participate in the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">plan</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">payout</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>&#160; Actual gross dollar amount paid to a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>
        under the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>, if any, for achievement of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic


          milestones</font>, as further discussed in this <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">payout
          factor</font>&#160;&#160; Percentage of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font> deemed achieved, applied to the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
          Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target incentive amount</font>, used to determine the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> for which a <font style="font-size:
          10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> is eligible.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">plan</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>&#160; The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company's</font> Fiscal Year 2020 Executive
        Annual Strategic Milestones Incentive Plan described in this document and any written amendments to this document.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">plan
          year</font>&#160;&#160; The twelve month period from May 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020, or a portion of this period, at the discretion of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">strategic


          milestone</font>&#160;&#160; A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's</font> objective to achieve specific results for FY 2020, including interim revised <font style="font-size:
          10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font>, if any, as approved and communicated in writing, as described in Sections IV and V below.&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times
          New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Strategic milestones</font> are leading indicators of performance.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">target
          incentive amount</font>&#160;&#160; The amount, if any, that a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> is eligible to receive if he/she achieves 100% of his/her <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">target
          incentive percent</font>&#160;&#160; The percent applied to the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's total annual incentive opportunity</font> to determine the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target incentive amount </font>for this<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> plan</font>.
        Generally, for the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year</font> 2020, the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target
          incentive percent</font> for this plan is 25%.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">total
          annual incentive opportunity</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>The total target amount a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
          font-style: italic;">participant</font> is eligible to receive from all annual incentive plans, including this <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font>.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">II.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>PLAN OBJECTIVES</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The purpose of the FY 2020 Executive Annual Strategic Milestones Incentive Plan is to enable the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
          'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> to reinforce and sustain a performance-driven culture, reward significant contributions to the success of Wiley, and attract and retain highly qualified executives.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">III.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>ELIGIBILITY</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> is selected by the
        President and CEO and recommended for participation to the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee,</font> which has sole discretion for determining eligibility, from among those
        employees in key management positions deemed able to make the most significant contributions to the growth and profitability of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font>.&#160;
        The President and CEO of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> is a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">IV.</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt;" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND MEASUREMENT</u></font></font></div>
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              <td style="width: 25.2pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Strategic milestones</font> are quantitative and qualitative
                    individual objectives over which the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> has a large measure of control, which lead to, or are expected to lead to,
                    improved performance for the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font> in the future.&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                      font-style: italic;">Strategic milestones</font> are determined near the beginning of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year</font> by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> and approved by President and CEO or the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                      font-style: italic;">participant's</font> manager, if the President and CEO is not the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's</font> manager.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z03915cc975874787b261a9a50a62f403" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 25.2pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">B.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font> for the President and CEO
                    are reviewed and approved by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee.</font></font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

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      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zdb562df6262d4ca7b3b13b8ed94b1502" class="DSPFListTable">

            <tr>
              <td style="width: 25.2pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">C.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font> for the President and CEO
                    should be appropriately reflected in those of all other employees at all levels.&#160; Each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> collaborates with his/her
                    manager in setting <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font>.&#160; The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                      font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font> may be revised during the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year</font>, as appropriate.</font></div>
              </td>
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      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="ze189900629e8474d9a0fde08e70b4abd" class="DSPFListTable">

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              <td style="width: 25.2pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">D.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The determination of <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font> includes
                    defining a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">target</font> level of performance and the measure of such, and may include defining <font style="font-size: 10pt;
                      font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">threshold</font> and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">outstanding</font> levels of performance and the
                    measures of such.</font></div>
              </td>
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      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">V.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>PERFORMANCE EVALUATION</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zc52ad1cf128e4511b6611f14a0c5957c" class="DSPFListTable">

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              <td style="width: 25.2pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Achievement of a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's strategic milestones</font>
                    will be determined at the end of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year</font> by comparing results achieved to previously set objectives.</font></div>
              </td>
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      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z32081fbb28a44c6082861ad321a3c293" class="DSPFListTable">

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              <td style="width: 25.2pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">B.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The President and CEO will recommend for each <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>
                    an <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">achievement level</font> and a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout
                      factor</font> between 0 and 150%, based on performance and using the table below, for achievement of all <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones,</font> by
                    comparing results achieved to the previously set objectives.&#160; In determining the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout factor</font>, the overall performance on all <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font> will be considered.&#160; The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style:
                      italic;">Committee</font> will approve the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout factor</font> and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> for all <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participants</font>.<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                      Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
                    </font></font></div>
              </td>
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        </table>
      </div>
      <br>
    </div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 61.41%; vertical-align: top; background-color: #BFBFBF; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Performance Category</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 38.59%; vertical-align: top; background-color: #BFBFBF; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Payout Range</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 61.41%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Exceeds Most Expectations</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 38.59%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">125% - 150%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 61.41%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Exceeds Some Expectations</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 38.59%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">110% - 125%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 61.41%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Meets All Expectations</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 38.59%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">90% - 110%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 61.41%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Meets Most Expectations</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 38.59%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0% - 90%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 61.41%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Does Not Meet Expectations</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 38.59%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">0%</font></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -25.2pt; margin-left: 25.2pt;"><br>
      <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
      </font><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#160;C.</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 27pt;" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Award Determination</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>STRATEGIC MILESTONES PAYOUT AMOUNT</u></font></font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div>
      <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">total annual incentive opportunity </font>X<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> target incentive percent </font>X<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"> payout factor</font></font></div>
    </div>
    <div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">=&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Strategic Milestones</font>&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Payout</font></font></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zb878f146bf014525a5a54d97ad2a1329" class="DSPFListTable">

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              <td style="width: 25.2pt;"><br>
              </td>
              <td style="width: 25.2pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the maximum <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font>,
                    if any, a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> may receive is 150% of the<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                      font-style: italic;"> target incentive amount</font>.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left;">
      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z4b7666be6bea42e8a35b1cc0acce6e4e" class="DSPFListTable">

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              <td style="width: 25.2pt;"><br>
              </td>
              <td style="width: 25.2pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.</font></td>
              <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
                <div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The foregoing <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">strategic milestones</font>&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> calculation is intended to set forth general guidelines on how awards are to be determined.&#160; The purpose of this <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font> is to motivate the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>
                    to perform in an <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">outstanding</font> manner.&#160; The President and CEO has discretion under this <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                      'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan</font> to take into consideration the contribution of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font>,
                    the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's</font> management of his/her organizational unit and other relevant factors, positive or negative, which impact the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company's</font>, the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's</font>
                    organizational unit(s), and the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's</font> performance overall in determining whether to recommend granting or denying an award,
                    and the amount of the award, if any.&#160; If the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> is the President and CEO, such discretion is exercised by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font>.</font></div>
              </td>
            </tr>

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      </div>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">VI.</font><font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"> </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>PAYOUTS</u></font></font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z2d50d78b2ee6469cb3c83db4173e9e58" class="DSPFListTable">

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            <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">A.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Payout</font>s will be made within 90
                  days after the end of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year.</font></font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

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    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z4d2a97942f3046c6bd276ce35867cc81" class="DSPFListTable">

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            <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">B.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the event of a <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant's</font>
                  death, disability, retirement or leave of absence prior to the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> for the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                    Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year</font>, the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font>, if any, will be recommended by the President and CEO to
                  the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Committee</font> which shall have sole authority for approval of the payout.</font></div>
            </td>
          </tr>

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    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="zf60a35c62ed04f54b6526a810d900e06" class="DSPFListTable">

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            <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">C.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> who resigns, or
                  whose employment is terminated by the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Company</font>, with or without cause, before <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New
                    Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font> for the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">plan year</font>, will not receive a <font style="font-size: 10pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">payout</font>.&#160; Exceptions to this provision shall be made with the approval of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
                    font-style: italic;">Committee</font>, in its sole discretion.</font></div>
            </td>
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    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;" id="z85a52f181ea74fc9b4fd74f2397fffe6" class="DSPFListTable">

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            <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">D.</font></div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">participant</font> who transfers
                  between businesses of the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">company</font>, will have his/her <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
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    <div><br>
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  <us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">49669000</us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets>
  <!--Anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted EPS calculation (in shares)-Restricted Stock [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="c20170501to20180430_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_RestrictedStockMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">26740</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
  <!--Anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted EPS calculation (in shares)-Restricted Stock [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="c20160501to20170430_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_RestrictedStockMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">0</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
  <!--Anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted EPS calculation (in shares)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-Additional Paid-in Capital, Attributable to Warrant [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="c20160501to20170430_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">0</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
  <!--Anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted EPS calculation (in shares)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-Additional Paid-in Capital, Attributable to Warrant [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="c20170501to20180430_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">0</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
  <!--Anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted EPS calculation (in shares)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-Stock Options [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="c20180501to20190430_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">260984</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
  <!--Anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted EPS calculation (in shares)-Stock Options [Member]-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="c20160501to20170430_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">301527</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
  <!--Anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted EPS calculation (in shares)-Restricted Stock [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="c20180501to20190430_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_RestrictedStockMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">0</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
  <!--Anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted EPS calculation (in shares)-Additional Paid-in Capital, Attributable to Warrant [Member]-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="c20180501to20190430_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">242402</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
  <!--Anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted EPS calculation (in shares)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-Stock Options [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="c20170501to20180430_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_EmployeeStockOptionMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">244590</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
  <!--Total assets-->
  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">2839451000</us-gaap:Assets>
  <!--Total assets-->
  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">2937002000</us-gaap:Assets>
  <!--Total assets-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1152973000</us-gaap:Assets>
  <!--Total assets-Corporate [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_CorporateNonSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">462751000</us-gaap:Assets>
  <!--Total assets-Research segment [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1133846000</us-gaap:Assets>
  <!--Total assets-Corporate [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_CorporateNonSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">314964000</us-gaap:Assets>
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  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">563489000</us-gaap:Assets>
  <!--Total assets-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1238178000</us-gaap:Assets>
  <!--Total assets-->
  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">2606217000</us-gaap:Assets>
  <!--Total assets-Solutions [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">575068000</us-gaap:Assets>
  <!--Total assets-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">575033000</us-gaap:Assets>
  <!--Total assets-Corporate [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_CorporateNonSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">388626000</us-gaap:Assets>
  <!--Total assets-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">582339000</us-gaap:Assets>
  <!--Total assets-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">751854000</us-gaap:Assets>
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  <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">643549000</us-gaap:Assets>
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  <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">490780000</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
  <!--Assets, Current-->
  <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">479971000</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
  <!--Book overdrafts-->
  <us-gaap:BankOverdrafts contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">7400000</us-gaap:BankOverdrafts>
  <!--Book overdrafts-->
  <us-gaap:BankOverdrafts contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">13100000</us-gaap:BankOverdrafts>
  <!--Basis of Presentation-->
  <us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Basis of Presentation:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Our Consolidated Financial Statements include all of the accounts of the Company and our subsidiaries. We have eliminated all intercompany transactions and balances in consolidation. All amounts are in thousands, except per share amounts, and approximate due to rounding.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Change in Accounting Policy:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In connection &lt;/font&gt;with the acquisition of Learning House (See Note 4, &amp;#8220;Acquisition&amp;#8221;), we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share on the Consolidated Statements of Income.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
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  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">8621000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables>
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  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill contextRef="c20170731_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_AtyponSystemsIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-6">48000000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill>
  <!--Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Intangible Assets, Other than Goodwill-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">109548000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill>
  <!--Other Non-Current Assets-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">5025000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets>
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  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredEquityInterestsIssuedAndIssuable contextRef="c20181101to20181101_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">600000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredEquityInterestsIssuedAndIssuable>
  <!--Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Assets-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">246074000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets>
  <!--Cash and cash equivalents-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">10293000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents>
  <!--Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilities contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">16848000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilities>
  <!--Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities, Deferred Revenue-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesDeferredRevenue contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">959000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesDeferredRevenue>
  <!--Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Assets-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">20353000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets>
  <!--Consideration transferred-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1 contextRef="c20190430to20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">201274000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1>
  <!--Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities, Other-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesOther contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">9422000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesOther>
  <!--Prepaid expenses and other current assets-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1439000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets>
  <!--Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Liabilities-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilities contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">44801000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilities>
  <!--Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Noncurrent Liabilities, Other-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNoncurrentLiabilitiesOther contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1184000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNoncurrentLiabilitiesOther>
  <!--Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities, Accounts Payable-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1542000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable>
  <!--Deferred Income Tax Liabilities-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxLiabilitiesNoncurrent contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">26769000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxLiabilitiesNoncurrent>
  <!--Percentage of ownership interest acquired-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired contextRef="c20181031_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">1</us-gaap:BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired>
  <!--Allocation of Acquisition Purchase Price to Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationsPolicy contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Allocation of Acquisition Purchase Price to Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed&lt;/font&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In connection with acquisitions, we allocate the cost of the acquisition to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on the estimates of fair value for such items, including intangible assets and technology acquired. Such estimates include discounted estimated cash flows to be generated by those assets and the expected useful lives based on historical experience and current market trends to be achieved from the acquisition and the expected tax basis of assets acquired. We may use a third-party valuation consultant to assist in the determination of such estimates.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationsPolicy>
  <!--Business Combination Disclosure [Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 4 &amp;#8211; Acquisition&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;The Learning House, Inc.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;On November 1, 2018, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding stock of The Learning House, Inc. (&amp;#8220;Learning House&amp;#8221;) a diversified education services provider. Headquartered in Louisville, KY, Learning House provides online program management services including graduate and undergraduate programs; short courses, boot camps, and other skills training and credentialing for students and professionals; pathway services for international students&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;professional development services for teachers; and learning solutions for corporate clients. The combination of Learning House and Wiley Education Services creates a leading provider of tech-enabled education services for colleges and universities. The results of operations of Learning House are included in our Solutions segment.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The fair value of the consideration transferred was approximately $201.3 million which included $200.7 million of cash and $0.6 million of warrants, inclusive of purchase price adjustments which were finalized in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019. We financed the payment of the cash consideration through borrowings under our revolving credit agreement ("RCA").&amp;#160; The warrants were classified as equity and allow the holder to purchase 400,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $90.00, subject to adjustments. The term of the warrants is three years, expiring on November 1, 2021. The fair value of the warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of the cash consideration transferred, net of $10.3 million of cash acquired was approximately $190.4 million.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The transaction was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. We recorded the preliminary fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date, all of which are included in the Solutions segment. None of the goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes. The allocation of the consideration transferred to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed is preliminary and could be revised as a result of additional information obtained due to the finalization of the third-party valuation report,&amp;#160; tax related matters and contingencies, but such amounts will be finalized within the measurement period, which will not exceed one year from the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the consideration transferred to acquire Learning House and the preliminary allocation of the purchase price among the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Preliminary Allocation as of April 30, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total consideration transferred&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;201,274&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Assets:&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Current Assets&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;10,293&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;8,621&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Prepaid expenses and other current assets&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,439&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Current Assets&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;20,353&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Technology, Property and Equipment, net&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;343&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Intangible Assets, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;109,548&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Goodwill&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;110,805&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other Non-Current Assets&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;5,025&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Assets&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;246,074&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Liabilities:&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Current Liabilities&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accounts payable&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;959&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accrued employment costs&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,925&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other accrued liabilities&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;9,422&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Current Liabilities&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;16,848&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Deferred Income Tax Liabilities&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;26,769&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other Long-Term Liabilities&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,184&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Liabilities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;44,801&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table summarizes the identifiable intangible assets acquired and their weighted-average useful life at the date of acquisition.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Estimated&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted-Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Useful Life&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in Years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Customer Relationships&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;103,850&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Course Content&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;5,698&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;109,548&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Learning House&amp;#8217;s revenue and operating loss included in our Solutions segment results for the year ended April 30, 2019 was $31.5 million and $8.0 million, respectively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Pro forma financial information related to this acquisition has not been provided as it is not material to our consolidated results of operations.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Atypon Systems, Inc.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;On September 30, 2016, we acquired the net assets of Atypon, a Silicon Valley-based publishing-software company, for approximately $121 million in cash, net of cash acquired. We finalized our purchase accounting for Atypon on July 31, 2017, and there were no material changes in the purchase accounting allocation compared to April 30, 2017. We recorded the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date, which included $48 million of intangible assets. Goodwill of $70 million was recorded, which is deductible for tax purposes.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Atypon's revenue included in our Research segment results for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $36.0 million, $32.9 million and $19.1 million, respectively. Atypon's operating loss included in our Research segment results for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $3.9 million, $2.7 million and $3.5 million, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationDisclosureTextBlock>
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  <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-8">-305290000</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect>
  <!--Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Period Increase (Decrease), Including Exchange Rate Effect-->
  <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-9">-76709000</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect>
  <!--Number of shares of common stock warrantholders are allowed to purchase (in shares)-->
  <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U002" decimals="-5">400000</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights>
  <!--Number of shares of common stock warrantholders are allowed to purchase (in shares)-Additional Paid-in Capital, Attributable to Warrant [Member]-Common Stock Class A [Member]-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights contextRef="c20181031_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">400000</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights>
  <!--Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-Common Stock Class A [Member]-Additional Paid-in Capital, Attributable to Warrant [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1 contextRef="c20181031_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="INF">90.00</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1>
  <!--Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 15 &amp;#8211; Commitment and Contingencies&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following schedule shows the composition of net rent expense for operating leases:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Minimum Rental&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;29,066&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;31,451&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;35,464&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Less: Sublease Rentals&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(719&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(708&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(626&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;28,347&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;30,743&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;34,838&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;At April 30, 2019, estimated future minimum annual rental commitments under non-cancelable real and personal property leases, were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fiscal Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Amount&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2020&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;30,887&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2021&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;27,326&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2022&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;23,183&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2023&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;19,257&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2024&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;18,576&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;129,382&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;248,611&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Rent expense associated with operating leases that include scheduled rent increases and tenant incentives, such as rent holidays or leasehold improvement allowances, are recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We are involved in routine litigation in the ordinary course of our business.&amp;#160;A provision for litigation is accrued when information available to us indicates that it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment may be required to determine both the probability and estimates of loss. When the amount of the loss can only be estimated within a range, the most likely outcome within that range is accrued. If no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount within the range is accrued. When uncertainties exist related to the probable outcome of litigation and/or the amount or range of loss, we do not record a liability, but disclose facts related to the nature of the contingency and possible losses if management considers the information to be material. Reserves for legal defense costs are recognized when incurred. The accruals for loss contingencies and legal costs are reviewed regularly and may be adjusted to reflect updated information on the status of litigation and advice of legal counsel.&amp;#160; In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of all pending litigation as of April 30, 2019, will not have a material effect upon our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock>
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  <!--Common Stock, shares authorized (in shares)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
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  <!--Common Stock, shares authorized (in shares)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized contextRef="c20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-6">72000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
  <!--Common Stock, shares authorized (in shares)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
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  <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare contextRef="c20180430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="INF">1</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
  <!--Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare contextRef="c20180430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="INF">1</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
  <!--Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare contextRef="c20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="INF">1</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
  <!--Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
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  <!--Common stock (in dollars per share)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">1.32</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
  <!--Common stock (in dollars per share)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20160501to20170430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">1.24</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
  <!--Common stock (in dollars per share)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">1.32</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
  <!--Common stock (in dollars per share)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20170501to20180430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">1.28</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
  <!--Common stock (in dollars per share)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20160501to20170430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">1.24</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
  <!--Common stock (in dollars per share)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20170501to20180430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">1.28</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
  <!--Common stock (in dollars per share)-Dividend Declared in Current Year Q1 [Member]-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20180621to20180621_DividendsAxis_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="INF">0.33</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
  <!--Common stock (in dollars per share)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-Dividend Declared in Current Year Q3 [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20181219to20181219_DividendsAxis_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="INF">0.33</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
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  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20190320to20190320_DividendsAxis_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="INF">0.33</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
  <!--Common stock (in dollars per share)-Dividend Declared in Current Year Q3 [Member]-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20181219to20181219_DividendsAxis_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="INF">0.33</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
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  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20180926to20180926_DividendsAxis_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="INF">0.33</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
  <!--Common stock (in dollars per share)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-Dividend Declared in Current Year Q1 [Member]-->
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  <!--Common stock (in dollars per share)-Dividend Declared In Current Year Q4 [Member]-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20190320to20190320_DividendsAxis_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="INF">0.33</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
  <!--Common stock (in dollars per share)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-Dividend Declared in Current Year Q2 [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20180926to20180926_DividendsAxis_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="INF">0.33</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
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  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20190628to20190628_DividendsAxis_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">0.34</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
  <!--Common stock (in dollars per share)-Subsequent Event [Member]-Dividend Declared in Next Year Q1 [Member]-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid contextRef="c20190628to20190628_DividendsAxis_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">0.34</us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid>
  <!--Common Stock, shares issued (in shares)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued contextRef="c20180430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">70110603</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
  <!--Common Stock, shares issued (in shares)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued contextRef="c20180430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">13071067</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
  <!--Common Stock, shares issued (in shares)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued contextRef="c20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">70126963</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
  <!--Common Stock, shares issued (in shares)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued contextRef="c20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">13054707</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
  <!--Common Stock, shares issued (in shares)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued contextRef="c20160430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">13392000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
  <!--Common Stock, shares issued (in shares)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued contextRef="c20170430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">13096000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
  <!--Common Stock, shares issued (in shares)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued contextRef="c20160430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">69798000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
  <!--Common Stock, shares issued (in shares)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued contextRef="c20170430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">70086000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
  <!--Number of Common Stock outstanding, end of year (in shares)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="c20170430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">47989000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
  <!--Number of Common Stock outstanding, end of year (in shares)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="c20180430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">9153000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
  <!--Number of Common Stock outstanding, end of year (in shares)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="c20170430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">9178000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
  <!--Number of Common Stock outstanding, end of year (in shares)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="c20180430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">48258000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
  <!--Number of Common Stock outstanding, end of year (in shares)-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="c20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">9137000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
  <!--Number of Common Stock outstanding, end of year (in shares)-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding contextRef="c20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">47493000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
  <!--Common Stock, Value, Issued-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockValue contextRef="c20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">13055000</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
  <!--Common Stock, Value, Issued-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockValue contextRef="c20180430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">13071000</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
  <!--Common Stock, Value, Issued-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockValue contextRef="c20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">70127000</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
  <!--Common Stock, Value, Issued-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:CommonStockValue contextRef="c20180430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">70111000</us-gaap:CommonStockValue>
  <!--Comprehensive Income (Loss) Note [Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 6 &amp;#8211; Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by component, net of tax, for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Foreign Currency&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Translation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Unamortized&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Retirement Costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Interest&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Rate Swaps&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Balance at April 30, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(267,920&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(361&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(51,292&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; 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text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;53&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;7,414&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total other comprehensive (loss) income&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(11,097&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,788&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(59,601&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Balance at April 30, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(319,212&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(190,502&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,427&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(507,287&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,455&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1,147&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,308&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total other comprehensive income (loss)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;67,639&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(524&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;592&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;67,707&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Balance at April 30, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(251,573&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(191,026&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(439,580&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(9,422&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,121&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,391&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(5,031&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(312,107&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(574&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(508,738&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;For the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, pre-tax actuarial losses included in Unamortized Retirement Costs of approximately $5.5 million and $5.9 million, respectively, were amortized from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss and recognized as pension expense in Operating and Administrative Expenses and Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock>
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  <!--Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent-->
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  <!--Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent-->
  <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">259893000</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax>
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  <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">168263000</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax>
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  <!--Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent-Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]-->
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  <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax>
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  <!--Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent-Treasury Stock [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_TreasuryStockMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax>
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  <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_RetainedEarningsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">113643000</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax>
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  <!--Contract liability (Deferred revenue)-->
  <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">486353000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent>
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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2018 &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Increase/&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(Decrease)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Balances from contracts with customers:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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  <us-gaap:DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following tables present our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="46" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Years Ended April 30,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 16%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Journals Subscriptions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,800,069&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;934,395&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;617,648&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;244,060&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,796,103&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;853,489&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;633,449&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;231,592&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,718,530&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock>
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  <!--Weighted average interest rate on total debt at period end-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DebtWeightedAverageInterestRate contextRef="c20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="4">0.0288</us-gaap:DebtWeightedAverageInterestRate>
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  <!--Credit agreement face amount-Subsequent Event [Member]-Term Loan A Facility [Member]-->
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  <!--Debt Disclosure [Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 13 &amp;#8211; Debt and Available Credit Facilities&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, our debt of $478.8 million and $360.0 million, respectively, consisted of amounts due under our revolving credit facilities.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We have a revolving credit agreement (&amp;#8220;RCA&amp;#8221;) with a syndicated bank group led by Bank of America. The RCA consists of a $1.1 billion five-year senior revolving credit facility payable March 1, 2021. Under the RCA, which can be drawn in multiple currencies, we have the option of borrowing at the following floating interest rates:&amp;#160; (i) at a rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (&amp;#8220;LIBOR&amp;#8221;) plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.98% to 1.50%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio, as defined, or (ii) for U.S. dollar-denominated loans only, at the lender&amp;#8217;s base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from zero to 0.45%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio.&amp;#160;The lender&amp;#8217;s base rate is defined as the highest of (i) the U.S. federal funds effective rate plus a&amp;#160; 0.50% margin, (ii) the Eurocurrency rate, as defined, plus a 1.00% margin, or (iii) the Bank of America prime lending rate. In addition, we pay a facility fee ranging from 0.15% to 0.25% depending on our consolidated leverage ratio.&amp;#160;We also have the option to request an additional credit limit increase of up to $350 million in minimum increments of $50 million, subject to the approval of the lenders. The RCA contains certain restrictive covenants related to our consolidated leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio, which we were in compliance with as of April 30, 2019 and 2018. Due to the fact that there are no principal payments due until the end of the agreement in the year ended April 30, 2021, we have classified our entire debt obligation as long-term as of April 30, 2019 and 2018.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We have other lines of credit aggregating $2.7 million at various interest rates. There were no outstanding borrowings under these credit lines at April 30, 2019 and 2018.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Our total available lines of credit as of April 30, 2019, were approximately $1.1 billion, of which approximately $0.6 billion was unused. The weighted average interest rates on total debt outstanding during the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018 were 2.69% and 2.44%, respectively. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the weighted average interest rates for total debt were 2.88% and 2.58%, respectively. Based on estimates of interest rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities, the fair value of our debt approximates its carrying value.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;On May 30, 2019, we entered into a credit agreement that amended and restated our existing RCA. &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;See Note 21, Subsequent Events, for further details.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock>
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  <!--Deferred Tax Liabilities, Prepaid Expenses-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPrepaidExpenses contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">744000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPrepaidExpenses>
  <!--Deferred Tax Liabilities, Gross, Noncurrent-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">143518000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent>
  <!--Deferred Tax Liabilities, Gross, Noncurrent-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">143775000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent>
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  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent contextRef="c20180430_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">144918000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent>
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  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent contextRef="c20180430_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis_DifferenceBetweenRevenueGuidanceInEffectBeforeAndAfterTopic606Member" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1400000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent>
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  <us-gaap:DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualSharesIssued contextRef="c20160501to20170430_PlanNameAxis_DirectorStockPlanMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember_TitleOfIndividualAxis_DirectorMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">20243</us-gaap:DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualSharesIssued>
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  <us-gaap:DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualSharesIssued contextRef="c20170501to20180430_PlanNameAxis_DirectorStockPlanMember_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember_TitleOfIndividualAxis_DirectorMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">19900</us-gaap:DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualSharesIssued>
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  <!--Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Table Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Product development assets consisted of the following at April 30:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Book Composition Costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;19,197&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;24,887&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Software Costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;38,048&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;52,078&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Content Development Costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;5,225&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,849&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;62,470&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;78,814&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
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  <us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">335000</us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <!--U.S. - Federal-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-13852000</us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
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  <us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-26062000</us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <!--Deferred Foreign Income Tax Expense (Benefit)-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-7630000</us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <!--Deferred Foreign Income Tax Expense (Benefit)-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-15330000</us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <!--Deferred Foreign Income Tax Expense (Benefit)-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">2420000</us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <!--Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-28767000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <!--Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-23112000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <!--Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-12749000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <!--Deferred Tax Liabilities, Gross-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">229627000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities>
  <!--Deferred Tax Liabilities, Gross-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">237057000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities>
  <!--State and Local-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">415000</us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <!--State and Local-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-5454000</us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <!--State and Local-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">530000</us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <!--Non-current Deferred Tax Assets-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNetNoncurrent contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">4129000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNetNoncurrent>
  <!--Non-current Deferred Tax Assets-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNetNoncurrent contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">9227000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNetNoncurrent>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Gross-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">106479000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Gross-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">116258000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Net of Valuation Allowance-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">95079000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Net of Valuation Allowance-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">97668000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet>
  <!--Net Operating Losses-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">14491000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
  <!--Net Operating Losses-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">8976000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
  <!--Foreign and Federal Credits-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwards contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">31109000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwards>
  <!--Foreign and Federal Credits-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwards contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">34401000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwards>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Compensation and Benefits, Employee Compensation-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">20096000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Compensation and Benefits, Employee Compensation-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">17528000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Reserves and Accruals, Accrued Liabilities-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">6262000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Reserves and Accruals, Accrued Liabilities-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">4632000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Reserves and Accruals, Returns and Allowances-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsReturnsAndAllowances contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">2923000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsReturnsAndAllowances>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Reserves and Accruals, Returns and Allowances-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsReturnsAndAllowances contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">2506000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsReturnsAndAllowances>
  <!--Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilities contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">134548000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilities>
  <!--Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilities contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">139389000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilities>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">8811000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">21179000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
  <!--Deferred Tax Liabilities, Undistributed Foreign Earnings-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUndistributedForeignEarnings contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1985000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUndistributedForeignEarnings>
  <!--Deferred Tax Liabilities, Undistributed Foreign Earnings-->
  <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUndistributedForeignEarnings contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1985000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUndistributedForeignEarnings>
  <!--Benefits Paid-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligationBenefitsPaid contextRef="c20180501to20190430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">15813000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligationBenefitsPaid>
  <!--Benefits Paid-Non-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligationBenefitsPaid contextRef="c20170501to20180430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_ForeignPlanMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">15909000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligationBenefitsPaid>
  <!--Benefits Paid-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligationBenefitsPaid contextRef="c20170501to20180430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">15390000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligationBenefitsPaid>
  <!--Benefits Paid-Non-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligationBenefitsPaid contextRef="c20180501to20190430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_ForeignPlanMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">16282000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligationBenefitsPaid>
  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Amortization of Gain (Loss), Next Fiscal Year-Non-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfGainLossNextFiscalYear contextRef="c20190430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_ForeignPlanMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-4091000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfGainLossNextFiscalYear>
  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Amortization of Gain (Loss), Next Fiscal Year-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfGainLossNextFiscalYear contextRef="c20190430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-2390000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfGainLossNextFiscalYear>
  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Amortization of Gain (Loss), Next Fiscal Year-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfGainLossNextFiscalYear contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-6481000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfGainLossNextFiscalYear>
  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss contextRef="c20170501to20180430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss contextRef="c20180501to20190430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)-Non-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss contextRef="c20170501to20180430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_ForeignPlanMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">34298000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)-Non-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss contextRef="c20180501to20190430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_ForeignPlanMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-31680000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Benefits Paid-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsBenefitsPaid contextRef="c20180501to20190430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">15813000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsBenefitsPaid>
  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Benefits Paid-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsBenefitsPaid contextRef="c20170501to20180430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">15390000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsBenefitsPaid>
  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Benefits Paid-Non-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsBenefitsPaid contextRef="c20180501to20190430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_ForeignPlanMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">16282000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsBenefitsPaid>
  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Benefits Paid-Non-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsBenefitsPaid contextRef="c20170501to20180430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_ForeignPlanMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">15909000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsBenefitsPaid>
  <!--Expected employer contributions to the defined benefit pension plans-->
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  <!--Net benefits-Interest Income [Member]-Corporate [Member]-ASU 2017-07 Member]-->
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  <!--Net benefits-Interest Income [Member]-ASU 2017-07 Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
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  <!--Net benefits-ASU 2017-07 Member]-Interest Income [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
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  <!--Projected benefit obligation for plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets-->
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  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets contextRef="c20190430_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueMeasuredAtNetAssetValuePerShareMember_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">109490000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets>
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  <!--Fair Value of Plan Assets-Level 1 [Member]-->
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  <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets contextRef="c20180430_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_FairValueMeasuredAtNetAssetValuePerShareMember_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">8755000</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets>
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  <!--Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 14 &amp;#8211; Derivative Instruments and Activities&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;From time-to-time, we enter into forward exchange and interest rate swap contracts as a hedge against foreign currency asset and liability commitments, changes in interest rates, and anticipated transaction exposures, including intercompany purchases. All derivatives are recognized as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value.&amp;#160;Derivatives that are not determined to be effective hedges are adjusted to fair value with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. We do not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Interest Rate Contracts:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We had $478.8 million of variable rate loans outstanding at April 30, 2019, which approximated fair value.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the interest rate swap agreements we maintained were designated as fully effective cash flow hedges as defined under Accounting Standards Codification 815 &amp;#8220;Derivatives and Hedging&amp;#8221; ("ASC 815"). As a result, there was no impact on our Consolidated Statements of Income from changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps, as they were fully offset by changes in the interest expense on the underlying variable rate debt instruments. Under ASC 815, derivative instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges have changes in their fair value recorded initially within Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. As interest expense is recognized based on the variable rate loan agreements, the corresponding deferred gain or loss on the interest rate swaps is reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Interest Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. It is management&amp;#8217;s intention that the notional amount of interest rate swaps be less than the variable rate loans outstanding during the life of the derivatives.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;On April 4, 2016, we entered into a forward starting interest rate swap agreement, which fixed a portion of the variable interest due on a variable rate debt renewal on May 16, 2016. Under the terms of the agreement, we will pay a fixed rate of 0.92% and receive a variable rate of interest based on one-month LIBOR (as defined) from the counterparty which is reset every month for a three-year period starting May 16, 2016, ending May 15, 2019. As of April 30, 2019, the notional amount of the interest rate swap was $350.0 million.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We record the fair value of our interest rate swaps on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs of quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets. The fair value of the interest rate swaps as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, was a deferred gain of $0.5 million and $5.1 million, respectively. Based on the maturity dates of the contracts, the entire deferred gain as of April 30, 2019 was recorded within Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets and as of April 30, 2018, was recorded within Other Non-Current Assets.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The pre-tax (gains) losses that were reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Interest Expense for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were $(4.7) million, $(1.5) million, and $1.1 million, respectively. Based on the amount in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss at April 30, 2019, approximately $0.2 million, net of tax, of unrecognized gains would be reclassified into net income in the next twelve months.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Foreign Currency Contracts:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We may enter into forward exchange contracts to manage our exposure on certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. The forward exchange contracts are marked to market through Foreign Exchange Transaction (Losses) Gains on the Consolidated Statements of Income and carried at their fair value on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities are remeasured at spot rates in effect on the balance sheet date, with the effects of changes in spot rates reported in Foreign Exchange Transaction (Losses) Gains on the Consolidated Statements of Income.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, we did not maintain any open forward contracts. &lt;/font&gt;In addition, we did not maintain any open forward contracts during the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;As of April 30, 2017, &lt;/font&gt;we did not maintain any open forward contracts, but we did have open forward contracts during the year ended April 30, 2017. T&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;here were two open forward exchange contracts with notional amounts of 31 million euros and 274 million pounds sterling to manage foreign currency exposures on intercompany loans. These contracts matured in May 2016 and February 2017, respectively. For the year ended April 30, 2017, the gains recognized on forward contracts were $59.0 million.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock>
  <!--Inception date-Interest Rate Swaps [Member]-London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]-April 2016 Interest Rate Swap Variable Rate Loans [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DerivativeInceptionDates contextRef="c20180501to20190430_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_InterestRateSwapMember_FinancialInstrumentAxis_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_VariableRateAxis_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember">2016-04-04</us-gaap:DerivativeInceptionDates>
  <!--Gains recognized on derivative instruments-Foreign Exchange Transaction Gains (Losses) [Member]-Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]-Forward Exchange Contracts [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DerivativeGainLossOnDerivativeNet contextRef="c20160501to20170430_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_ForeignExchangeForwardMember_HedgingDesignationAxis_NondesignatedMember_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_ForeignCurrencyGainLossMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">59000000</us-gaap:DerivativeGainLossOnDerivativeNet>
  <!--Number of open derivative contracts held-Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]-Forward Exchange Contracts [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DerivativeNumberOfInstrumentsHeld contextRef="c20170430_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_ForeignExchangeForwardMember_HedgingDesignationAxis_NondesignatedMember" unitRef="U010" decimals="INF">2</us-gaap:DerivativeNumberOfInstrumentsHeld>
  <!--Net (gains) losses reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss-Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]-Interest Rate Swaps [Member]-Cash Flow Hedging [Member]-Interest Expense [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet contextRef="c20160501to20170430_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_InterestRateSwapMember_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipAxis_CashFlowHedgingMember_HedgingDesignationAxis_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_InterestExpenseMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">1100000</us-gaap:DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet>
  <!--Net (gains) losses reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss-Cash Flow Hedging [Member]-Interest Expense [Member]-Interest Rate Swaps [Member]-Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet contextRef="c20180501to20190430_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_InterestRateSwapMember_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipAxis_CashFlowHedgingMember_HedgingDesignationAxis_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_InterestExpenseMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">-4700000</us-gaap:DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet>
  <!--Net (gains) losses reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss-Interest Rate Swaps [Member]-Interest Expense [Member]-Cash Flow Hedging [Member]-Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet contextRef="c20170501to20180430_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_InterestRateSwapMember_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipAxis_CashFlowHedgingMember_HedgingDesignationAxis_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_InterestExpenseMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">-1500000</us-gaap:DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet>
  <!--Fixed interest rate to be paid-April 2016 Interest Rate Swap Variable Rate Loans [Member]-London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]-Interest Rate Swaps [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DerivativeSwaptionInterestRate contextRef="c20190430_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_InterestRateSwapMember_FinancialInstrumentAxis_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_VariableRateAxis_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.0092</us-gaap:DerivativeSwaptionInterestRate>
  <!--Derivative Financial Instruments-->
  <us-gaap:DerivativesPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Derivative Financial Instruments:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;From time to time, we enter into foreign exchange forward and interest rate swap contracts as a hedge against foreign currency asset and liability commitments, changes in interest rates, and anticipated transaction exposures, including intercompany purchases. All derivatives are recognized as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value.&amp;#160; Derivatives that are not determined to be effective hedges are adjusted to fair value with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. We do not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:DerivativesPolicyTextBlock>
  <!--Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 17 &amp;#8211; Stock-Based Compensation&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;All equity compensation plans have been approved by shareholders. Under the 2014 Key Employee Stock Plan, (&amp;#8220;the Plan&amp;#8221;), qualified employees are eligible to receive awards that may include stock options, performance-based stock awards, and other restricted stock awards. Under the Plan, a maximum number of 6.5 million shares of our Class A stock may be issued. As of April 30, 2019, there were approximately 4,355,399 securities remaining available for future issuance under the Plan. We issue treasury shares to fund awards issued under the Plan.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Stock Option Activity:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Under the terms of our stock option plan, the exercise price of stock options granted may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the stock at the date of grant. Options are exercisable over a maximum period of 10 years from the date of grant. For the years ended April 30, 2015 and prior, options generally vest 50% on the fourth and fifth anniversary date after the award is granted. For the year ended April 30, 2016, options vest 25% per year on April 30. We did not grant any stock option awards in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017. As of April 30, 2019, all outstanding options have vested allowing the participant the right to exercise their awards.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table provides the estimated weighted average fair value for options granted in the year ended April 30, 2016 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the significant weighted average assumptions used in their determination. The expected life represents an estimate of the period of time stock options will be outstanding based on the historical exercise behavior of option recipients. The risk-free interest rate is based on the corresponding U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our Common Stock price over the estimated life of the option, while the dividend yield is based on the expected dividend payments to be made by us.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; text-indent: 3pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fair Value of Options on Grant Date&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;14.77&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Weighted Average assumptions:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Expected Life of Options (years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;7.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Risk-Free Interest Rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Expected Volatility&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;29.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Expected Dividend Yield&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fair Value of Common Stock on Grant Date&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;55.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;A summary of the activity and status of our stock option plans follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;of Options&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in 000&amp;#8217;s)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Exercise Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Aggregate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Intrinsic Value&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in millions)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;of Options&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in 000&amp;#8217;s)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Exercise Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;of Options&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in 000&amp;#8217;s)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Exercise Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Outstanding at Beginning of Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;611&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48.88&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,429&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;47.39&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,966&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;46.62&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;49.70&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;530&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;47.43&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,064&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;46.04&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 20%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Vested and Expected to Vest in the Future at April 30&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;372&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;49.70&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;599&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48.90&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,249&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;45.88&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The intrinsic value is the difference between our common stock price and the option grant price. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $4.4 million, $10.4 million, and $20.5 million, respectively.&amp;#160;The total grant date fair value of stock options vested during the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018 was $4.8 and $13.4 million, respectively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;As of April 30, 2019, there is no unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to stock options.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at April 30, 2019:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Options Outstanding&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Options Exercisable&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; text-indent: -7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Range of Exercise Prices&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;of Options&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in 000&amp;#8217;s)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Remaining Term&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Exercise Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;of Options&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in 000&amp;#8217;s)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Exercise Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"&gt;35.04&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;35.04&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;35.04&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"&gt;39.53 to $40.02&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;101&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;39.71&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;101&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;39.71&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"&gt;48.06 to $49.55&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;106&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48.69&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;106&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48.69&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"&gt;55.99 to $59.70&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;154&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57.87&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;154&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57.87&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total/Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;372&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;49.70&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;372&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;49.70&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Performance-Based and Other Restricted Stock Activity:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Under the terms of our long-term incentive plans, performance-based restricted unit awards are payable in restricted shares of our Class A Common Stock upon the achievement of certain three-year financial performance-based targets. During each three-year period, we adjust compensation expense based upon our best estimate of expected performance. For the years ended April 30, 2015 and prior, restricted performance shares vest 50% on the first and second anniversary date after the award is earned. For the years ended April 30, 2016 and 2017, restricted performance shares vest 50% on June 30 following the end of the three-year performance cycle and 50% on April 30 of the following year. Beginning in the year ended April 30, 2018, restricted performance share units vest 100% on June 30 following the end of the three-year performance cycle.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We may also grant individual restricted unit awards payable in restricted shares of our Class A Common Stock to key employees in connection with their employment. For the years ended April 30,&amp;#160; 2015 and prior, the restricted shares generally vest 50% at the end of the fourth and fifth years following the date of the grant. Starting with the year ended April 30, 2016 grants, restricted shares vest ratably 25% per year.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Under certain circumstances relating to a change of control or termination, as defined, the restrictions would lapse, and shares would vest earlier.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Activity for performance-based and other restricted stock awards during the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was as follows (shares in thousands):&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Restricted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Grant Date Value&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Restricted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Restricted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Nonvested Shares at Beginning of Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;861&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;53.22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;913&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;915&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;415&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;62.63&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;525&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;509&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Change in Shares Due to Performance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(19&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;44.17&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(107&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(67&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Vested and Issued&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(357&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(177&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Nonvested Shares at End of Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;756&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57.38&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;861&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;913&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;As of April 30, 2019, there was $28.1 million of unrecognized share-based compensation cost related to performance-based and other restricted stock awards, which is expected to be recognized over a period up to 4 years, or 2.2 years on a weighted average basis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Compensation expense for restricted stock awards is measured using the closing market price of our Class A Common Stock at the date of grant. The total grant date value of shares vested during the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $19.6 million, $15.7 million, and $12.1 million, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"&gt;President and CEO New Hire Equity Awards&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;On October 17, 2017, we announced Brian A. Napack as the new President and Chief Executive Officer of Wiley effective December 4, 2017 (the "Commencement Date").&amp;#160; Upon the Commencement Date, Mr. Napack also became a member of our Board of Directors (the "Board").&amp;#160; In connection with his appointment, Wiley and Mr. Napack entered into an employment offer letter (the "Employment Agreement").&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Employment Agreement provides that beginning with the year ended April 30, 2018&amp;#8211;2020 performance cycle, eligibility to participate in annual grants under our Executive Long-Term Incentive Program (ELTIP). Targeted long-term incentive for this cycle is equal to 300% of base salary, or $2.7 million. Sixty percent of the ELTIP value will be delivered in the form of target performance share units and forty percent in restricted share units. The grant date fair value for restricted share units was $59.15 per share and included 20,611 restricted share units, which vest 25% each year starting on April 30, 2018 to April 30, 2021. In addition, there was a performance share unit award with a target of 30,916 units and a grant date fair value of $59.15. The performance metrics are based on cumulative EBITDA for the year ended April 30, 2018-2020 and cumulative normalized free cash flow for the year ended April 30, 2018&amp;#8211;2020.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The awards are described in further detail in Mr. Napack&amp;#8217;s Employment Agreement filed with the SEC as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2017.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In addition, the Employment Agreement provides for a sign-on grant of restricted share units, with a grant value of $4.0 million, converted to shares using our Class A closing stock price as of the Commencement Date, and vesting in two equal installments on the first and second anniversaries of the employment date. The grant date fair value for this award was $59.15 per share and included 67,625 units at the date of grant. Grants are subject to forfeiture in the case of voluntary termination prior to vesting and accelerated vesting in the case of earlier termination of employment without Cause, due to death or Disability or Constructive Discharge, or upon a Change in Control (as such terms are defined in the Employment Agreement).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The awards are described in further detail in Mr. Napack&amp;#8217;s Employment Agreement filed with the SEC as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2017.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Director Stock Awards:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Under the terms of our 2018 Director Stock Plan (the &amp;#8220;Director Plan&amp;#8221;), each non-employee director, other than the Chairman of the Board, receives an annual award of restricted shares of our Class A Common Stock equal in value to 100% of the annual director stock retainer fee, based on the stock price at the close of the New York Stock Exchange on the date of grant. Such restricted shares will vest on the earliest of (i) the day before the next Annual Meeting following the grant, (ii) the non-employee director&amp;#8217;s death or disability (as determined by the Governance Committee), or (iii) a change in control (as defined in the 2014 Key Employee Stock Plan).&amp;#160;The granted shares may not be sold or transferred during the time the non-employee director remains a director. There were 18,991 restricted shares awarded under the Director Plan for the year ended April 30, 2019, and 19,900, and 20,243 shares awarded under the Director Plan for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock>
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font-weight: bold;"&gt;Quarterly Cash Dividend&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total Dividend&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Class of Common Stock&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Dividend Paid Date&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Shareholders of Record as of Date&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;June 21, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$0.33 per common share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$19.0 million&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Class A and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Class B&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;July 18, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;July 3, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;September 26, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$0.33 per common share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$18.9 million&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Class A and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Class B&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;October 24, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;October 9, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;December 19, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$0.33 per common share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$18.9 million&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Class A and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Class B&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;January 16, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;January 2, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;March 20, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$0.33 per common share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$18.6 million&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Class A and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Class B&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; 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  <!--Dividends, Common Stock, Cash-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DividendsCommonStockCash contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">63684000</us-gaap:DividendsCommonStockCash>
  <!--Dividends, Common Stock, Cash-Common Stock Class B [Member]-Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DividendsCommonStockCash contextRef="c20170501to20180430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:DividendsCommonStockCash>
  <!--Dividends, Common Stock, Cash-Common Stock Class B [Member]-Common Stock [Member]-->
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  <!--Dividends, Common Stock, Cash-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DividendsCommonStockCash contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">12068000</us-gaap:DividendsCommonStockCash>
  <!--Dividends, Common Stock, Cash-Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DividendsCommonStockCash contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:DividendsCommonStockCash>
  <!--Dividends, Common Stock, Cash-Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:DividendsCommonStockCash contextRef="c20170501to20180430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:DividendsCommonStockCash>
  <!--Earnings Per Share [Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 5 &amp;#8211; Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;A reconciliation of the shares used in the computation of earnings per share for the years ended April 30 follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.49%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.05%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 11.32%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Weighted average shares outstanding&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,240&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,181&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,531&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Less:&amp;#160;Unvested restricted shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(48)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(138)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(194)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Shares used for basic earnings per share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,192&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,043&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,337&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Dilutive effect of stock options and other stock awards&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;648&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;845&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;862&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Shares used for diluted earnings per share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,840&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,888&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;58,199&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Since their inclusion in the calculation of diluted earnings per share would have been anti-dilutive, options to purchase 260,984, 244,590 and 301,527 shares of Class A Common Stock have been excluded for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In addition, there were no restricted shares excluded for the year ended April 30, 2019. For the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, restricted shares of 26,740 and none, respectively, have been excluded as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Warrants &lt;/font&gt;to purchase 242,402 shares of Class A Common Stock have not been included for the year ended April 30, &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;. There were no warrants issued during the years ended April 30, &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2018 and 2017&lt;/font&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock>
  <!--Basic (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">1.98</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
  <!--Basic (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">2.94</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
  <!--Basic (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">3.37</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
  <!--Basic (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic contextRef="c20180201to20180430" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-16">0.95</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
  <!--Basic (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic contextRef="c20171101to20180131" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-17">1.21</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
  <!--Basic (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic contextRef="c20181101to20190131" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-18">0.61</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
  <!--Basic (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic contextRef="c20170501to20170731" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-19">0.16</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
  <!--Basic (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic contextRef="c20170801to20171031" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-20">1.06</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
  <!--Basic (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic contextRef="c20190201to20190430" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-21">1.11</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
  <!--Basic (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic contextRef="c20180501to20180731" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-22">0.46</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
  <!--Basic (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic contextRef="c20180801to20181031" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-23">0.76</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
  <!--Diluted (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">2.91</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
  <!--Diluted (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">1.95</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
  <!--Diluted (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">3.32</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
  <!--Diluted (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted contextRef="c20190201to20190430" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-24">1.10</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
  <!--Diluted (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted contextRef="c20180201to20180430" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-25">0.93</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
  <!--Diluted (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted contextRef="c20181101to20190131" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-26">0.61</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
  <!--Diluted (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted contextRef="c20170501to20170731" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-27">0.16</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
  <!--Diluted (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted contextRef="c20180801to20181031" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-28">0.76</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
  <!--Diluted (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted contextRef="c20170801to20171031" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-29">1.04</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
  <!--Diluted (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted contextRef="c20180501to20180731" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-30">0.45</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
  <!--Diluted (in dollars per share)-->
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted contextRef="c20171101to20180131" unitRef="U003" decimals="2" id="Item-31">1.19</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
  <!--Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash-->
  <us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-32">-31011000</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
  <!--Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash-->
  <us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-33">3661000</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
  <!--Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash-->
  <us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-34">-8443000</us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
  <!--Tax Adjustments and Other-->
  <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherReconcilingItemsPercent contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U009" decimals="3">-0.001</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherReconcilingItemsPercent>
  <!--Tax Adjustments and Other-->
  <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherReconcilingItemsPercent contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U009" decimals="3">0.012</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherReconcilingItemsPercent>
  <!--Tax Adjustments and Other-->
  <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherReconcilingItemsPercent contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U009" decimals="3">0.011</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherReconcilingItemsPercent>
  <!--U.S. Federal Statutory Rate-->
  <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U009" decimals="3">0.210</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
  <!--U.S. Federal Statutory Rate-->
  <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.350</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
  <!--U.S. Federal Statutory Rate-->
  <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate contextRef="c20180101to20180430" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.21</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
  <!--U.S. Federal Statutory Rate-->
  <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.304</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
  <!--U.S. Federal Statutory Rate-Foreign Tax Authority [Member]-->
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  <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-706000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
  <!--Goodwill, Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-24908000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
  <!--Goodwill, Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-9326000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
  <!--Goodwill, Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss contextRef="c20170501to20180430_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-2">-11600</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
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  <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-34940000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
  <!--Goodwill-->
  <us-gaap:Goodwill contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-37">1019801000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
  <!--Goodwill-->
  <us-gaap:Goodwill contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1095666000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
  <!--Goodwill-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Goodwill contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">110805000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
  <!--Goodwill-Atypon Systems Inc [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Goodwill contextRef="c20170731_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_AtyponSystemsIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-6">70000000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
  <!--Goodwill-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Goodwill contextRef="c20180430_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-38">272531000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
  <!--Goodwill-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Goodwill contextRef="c20180430_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-39">463419000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
  <!--Goodwill-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Goodwill contextRef="c20180430_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-40">283851000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
  <!--Goodwill-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Goodwill contextRef="c20190430_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">438511000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
  <!--Goodwill-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Goodwill contextRef="c20190430_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">374010000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
  <!--Goodwill-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:Goodwill contextRef="c20190430_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">283145000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
  <!--Acquisition-->
  <us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-41">110805000</us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod>
  <!--Acquisition-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-42">110805000</us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod>
  <!--Acquisition-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-43">0</us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod>
  <!--Acquisition-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-44">0</us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod>
  <!--Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block]-->
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padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2018 &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Acquisition &lt;sup&gt;(2)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;463,419&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;283,145&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; 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text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;110,805&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(34,940&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,095,666&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The April 30, 2018 goodwill balances were revised for the Publishing segment which decreased and the Solutions segment which increased to reflect foreign translation adjustments of $11.6 million.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Refer to Note 4, &amp;#8220;Acquisition,&amp;#8221; in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Prior to fiscal year 2019, we reviewed goodwill for impairment on a reporting unit basis annually during the third quarter of each year, using a measurement date of January 31, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. While we are permitted to conduct a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform a two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test, for our annual goodwill impairment test in the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 we performed a quantitative test for all of our reporting units.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;As discussed below, during the fourth quarter of 2018, we voluntarily changed our annual impairment assessment date from January 31 to February 1 for all of our reporting units and our indefinite-lived intangible assets.&amp;#160;F&lt;/font&gt;or our annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2019 we performed a quantitative test for all of our reporting units and in the fourth quarter of 2018 we performed a &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;qualitative assessment for all of our reporting units.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The goodwill impairment test involves a two-step process. In step one, we compare the fair value of each of our reporting units to its carrying value, including the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, there is no indication of impairment and no further testing is required. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, we must perform step two of the impairment test to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. In step two, the reporting unit&amp;#8217;s fair value is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical analysis that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of the reporting unit&amp;#8217;s goodwill is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as an impairment loss.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;2019 Annual Impairment Test as of February 1, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;During the fourth quarter of 2019, we completed step one of our annual goodwill impairment test for our reporting units. We concluded that the fair values of these reporting units were above their carrying values and, therefore, there was no indication of impairment.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We estimated the fair value of these reporting units using a weighting of fair values derived from an income and a market approach. Under the income approach, we determined the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Cash flow projections are based on management&amp;#8217;s estimates of revenue growth rates and operating margins, taking into consideration industry and market conditions. The discount rate used is based on a weighted average cost of capital adjusted for the relevant risk associated with the characteristics of the business and the projected cash flows. The market approach estimates fair value based on market multiples of current and forward 12-month operating performance results, as applicable, derived from comparable publicly traded companies with similar operating and investment characteristics as the reporting unit.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;As noted above, the fair value determined under step one of the goodwill impairment test completed in the fourth quarter of 2019 exceeded the carrying value for each reporting unit.&amp;#160;Therefore, there was no impairment of goodwill. However, if the fair value decreases in future periods, we may fail step one of the goodwill impairment test and be required to perform step two. In performing step two, the fair value would have to be allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. Therefore, any potential goodwill impairment charge would be dependent upon the estimated fair value of the reporting unit at that time and the outcome of step two of the impairment test. The fair values of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including the intangible assets, could vary depending on various factors.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The future occurrence of a potential indicator of impairment, such as a decrease in expected net earnings, adverse equity market conditions, a decline in current market multiples, a decline in our common stock price, a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climates, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, strategic decisions made in response to economic or competitive conditions, or a more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or disposed of, could require an interim assessment for some or all of the reporting units before the next required annual assessment.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We also review our indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually, which consists of brands and trademarks and certain acquired publishing rights. During the fourth quarter of 2019, we completed our annual impairment test related to the indefinite lived intangible assets.&amp;#160;We concluded that the fair values of these indefinite-lived intangible assets were above their carrying values and, therefore, there was no indication of impairment. We also concluded that one of our indefinite-lived trademarks had an &lt;/font&gt;excess of estimated fair value over its carrying value of approximately 7% as of the 2019 annual impairment test.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Change in Annual Impairment Assessment Date&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;During the fourth quarter of 2018, we voluntarily changed our annual impairment assessment date from January 31 to February 1 for all of our reporting units and our indefinite-lived intangible assets.&amp;#160;This change was made to improve alignment of impairment testing procedures with year-end financial reporting, our annual business planning and budgeting process and the multi-year strategic forecast, which begins in the fourth quarter of each year. As a result, the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment testing will reflect the result of inputs from each of the businesses in the development of the budget and forecast process, including the impact of seasonality of our financial results. Accordingly, management considers this accounting change preferable. This change does not accelerate, delay, avoid, or cause an impairment charge, nor does this change result in adjustments to previously issued financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In connection with the change in the date of the annual goodwill impairment test, we completed a qualitative assessment of the goodwill by reporting unit as of February 1, 2018 and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its carrying amount. In addition, we also completed a qualitative assessment of our indefinite-lived intangible assets as of February 1, 2018 and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded its carrying amount.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Intangibles&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Intangible assets, net as of April 30 were as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Cost&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Accumulated&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Amortization&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Accumulated&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Impairment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Cost&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Accumulated&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Amortization&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Accumulated&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Impairment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; Net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Intangible Assets with Determinable Lives, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 20%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Content and Publishing Rights&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;86,223&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;232,827&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 20%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Intangible Assets, Net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,372,820&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(503,648&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(3,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;865,572&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,306,203&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(454,532&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(3,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;848,071&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt; As of April 30, 2019, amounts include intangible assets acquired as part of the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018. Refer to Note 4, &amp;#8220;Acquisition,&amp;#8221; in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Based on the current amount of intangible assets subject to amortization and assuming current foreign exchange rates, the estimated amortization expense for the following years are as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Fiscal Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Amount&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2020&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;50,419&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2021&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48,517&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2022&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;44,115&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2023&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;40,305&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2024&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;37,929&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;427,155&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;648,440&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In conjunction with a business review performed in the Publishing segment associated with the restructuring activities in the first quarter of the year ended April 30, 2018, we identified an indefinite-lived brand with forecasted cash flows that did not exceed its carrying value. As a result, an impairment charge of $3.6 million was recorded in the first quarter of the year ended April 30, 2018 to reduce the carrying value of the brand to its fair value of $1.2 million, which will now be amortized over an estimated useful life of 5 years. This impairment charge was included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
  <!--Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets-->
  <us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsIndefiniteLivedPolicy contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate of the following: (1) consideration transferred, (2) the fair value of any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, and (3) if the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition-date fair value of our previously held equity interest in the acquiree over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of brands, trademarks, content, and publishing rights and are typically characterized by intellectual property with a long and well-established revenue stream resulting from strong and well-established imprint/brand recognition in the market.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We use the acquisition method of accounting for all business combinations and do not amortize goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsIndefiniteLivedPolicy>
  <!--Gross profit-->
  <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c20180501to20180731" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">283100000</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
  <!--Gross profit-->
  <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c20181101to20190131" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">305500000</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
  <!--Gross profit-->
  <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c20180201to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">340700000</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
  <!--Gross profit-->
  <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">1265100000</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
  <!--Gross profit-->
  <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c20171101to20180131" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">319300000</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
  <!--Gross profit-->
  <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c20170501to20170731" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">285500000</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
  <!--Gross profit-->
  <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c20170801to20171031" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">319600000</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
  <!--Gross profit-->
  <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c20190201to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">340700000</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
  <!--Gross profit-->
  <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">1245300000</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
  <!--Gross profit-->
  <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c20180801to20181031" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">316000000</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
  <!--Impairment of publishing brand-->
  <us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">3600000</us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Impairment of publishing brand-->
  <us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Impairment of publishing brand-->
  <us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Impairment of publishing brand-Brands [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20170501to20170731_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_BrandsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">3600000</us-gaap:ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Tax benefit from the re-measurement legislation enacted-U.K. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAdjustmentOfDeferredTaxAssetLiability contextRef="c20160501to20170430_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_HerMajestysRevenueAndCustomsHMRCMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">-2600000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAdjustmentOfDeferredTaxAssetLiability>
  <!--Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Domestic-->
  <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">8626000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic>
  <!--Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Domestic-->
  <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-1794000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic>
  <!--Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Domestic-->
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  <!--International-->
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  <!--International-->
  <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">204326000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign>
  <!--International-->
  <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">192910000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign>
  <!--Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Equity Method Investments, Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest-->
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  <!--Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Equity Method Investments, Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest-->
  <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">212952000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments>
  <!--Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Equity Method Investments, Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest-->
  <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">191116000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments>
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border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Current Provision&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;U.S. &amp;#8211; Federal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,384&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(2,216&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;912&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;International&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;52,518&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;46,112&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;105,228&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;State and Local&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,536&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;961&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;100&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Current Provision&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,438&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;44,857&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;106,240&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Deferred Provision (Benefit)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;U.S. &amp;#8211; Federal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;335&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(26,062&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(13,852&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;International&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(7,630&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,420&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(15,330&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;State and Local&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(5,454&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;530&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;415&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Deferred (Benefit) Provision&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(12,749&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(23,112&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(28,767&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Provision&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;44,689&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21,745&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;77,473&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;International and United States pretax income for the years ended April 30 were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;International&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;204,326&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;219,178&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;192,910&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;United States&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;8,626&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(5,247&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1,794&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;212,952&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;213,931&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;191,116&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Our effective income tax rate as a percentage of pretax income differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate as shown below:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;U.S. Federal Statutory Rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21.0%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;30.4%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;35.0%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;German Tax Litigation Expense&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;25.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Cost (Benefit) of Higher (Lower) Taxes on Non-U.S. Income&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(8.4)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(12.7)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;State Income Taxes, net of U.S. Federal Tax Benefit&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1.3)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Deferred Tax (Benefit) from U.S. Tax Reform Rate Change&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(11.7)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Deferred Tax Benefit from U.K. Statutory Tax Rate Change&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1.3)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Tax Credits and Related Benefits&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(0.8)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1.7)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(6.2)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Tax Adjustments and Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(0.1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Effective Income Tax Rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21.0%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;10.2%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;40.5%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;A substantial portion of our 2019 income was earned outside the U.S. in jurisdictions with different statutory income tax rates than our U.S. statutory rate including: U.K. (57%), Germany (24%), and Australia (7%).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive Federal tax legislation originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the &amp;#8220;Tax Act&amp;#8221;).&amp;#160; In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (&amp;#8220;SAB 118&amp;#8221;), which allowed us to record provisional amounts related to the effect of the Tax Act during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year of the enactment date. &amp;#160;We completed our analysis during the year ended April 30, 2019 within the measurement period in accordance with SAB 118.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The effective tax rate for the year ended April 30, 2019 was greater than the year ended April 30, 2018 due to the net deferred tax benefit from the Tax Act in the year ended April 30, 2018. Excluding the effect of the Tax Act, the rate was 21.9% for the year ended April 30, 2018, compared to 21.0% for the year ended April 30, 2019.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The effective tax rate was equal to the U.S. statutory rate for the year ended April 30, 2019. The increase from higher taxes on non-U.S. income and various other items was offset by a state tax benefit from more favorable apportionment factors which reduced our deferred tax liabilities, net of federal benefit.&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;German Tax Litigation Expense:&lt;/font&gt; In the year ended April 30, 2017, the German Federal Fiscal Court affirmed a lower court decision disallowing deductions related to a stepped-up basis in certain assets. As a result, we incurred an income tax charge of approximately $49 million ($0.85 per share).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Deferred Tax Benefit from U.K. Statutory Tax Rate Change:&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;In fiscal year 2016, the U.K. reduced its statutory rate to 19% beginning April 1, 2017, and 18% beginning April 1, 2020, and in fiscal year 2017, the U.K. further reduced its statutory rate beginning on April 1, 2020, from 18% to 17%. This resulted in a non-cash deferred tax benefit from the re-measurement of our applicable U.K. deferred tax balances of $2.6 million ($0.04 per share) in the year ended April 30, 2017.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Tax Adjustments and Other:&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;In each of the years ended April 30, 2019 and April 30, 2018, we recorded a tax benefit of $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively related to the expiration of the statute of limitations or favorable resolutions of federal, state, and foreign tax matters with tax authorities.&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;The Tax Act&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation. The Tax Act significantly revised the U.S. corporate income tax system by, among other changes, the following:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;lowering the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate to 21% with a potentially lower rate for certain foreign derived income;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;accelerating deductions for certain business assets;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;establishing a dividend received deduction, generally eliminating federal income taxes on cash repatriation from foreign subsidiaries;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on post-1986 unrepatriated cumulative non-U.S. earnings and profits (&amp;#8220;E&amp;amp;P&amp;#8221;) of foreign subsidiaries;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;eliminating certain deductions such as the domestic production deduction;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;establishing limitations on the deductibility of certain expenses including interest and executive compensation; and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;creating new taxes on certain foreign earnings.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Deferred tax balances &amp;#8211; In the year ended April 30, 2018 we remeasured our U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the federal rate at which they are expected to reverse in the future, generally 21% for reversals anticipated to occur after April 30, 2019.&amp;#160;In the prior period, the provisional amount recorded related to the re-measurement of our net deferred tax liability was an estimated net benefit of $25.0 million. During the year ended April 30, 2019, in accordance with SAB 118, we completed the analysis and recorded a minimal $0.2 million expense.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Foreign tax effects &amp;#8211; In connection with the transition from a global tax system, the Tax Act established a mandatory deemed repatriation tax. The tax was computed using our post-1986 E&amp;amp;P that was previously deferred from U.S. income taxes.&amp;#160; The tax was based on the amount of foreign earnings held in cash equivalents and certain net assets, which were taxed at 15.5%, and those held in other assets, which were taxed at 8.0%. In accordance with the Tax Act including certain rules applicable to non-calendar year taxpayers, we recorded a provisional amount of $14.2 million in the year ended April 30, 2018.&amp;#160;Since April 30, 2018, we no longer assert that we intend to permanently reinvest earnings outside the U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Tax Act reduced the Federal statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.&amp;#160; As a result, our U.S. federal statutory tax rate was 21.0% for the year ended April 30, 2019 and a blended rate of 30.4% for the year ended April 30, 2018.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Tax Act created new taxes, effective for us on May 1, 2018, including a provision designed to tax global low taxed income (&amp;#8220;GILTI&amp;#8221;) and a provision establishing new minimum taxes, such as the base erosion anti-abuse tax (&amp;#8220;BEAT&amp;#8221;). We have evaluated these provisions and determined there is no material impact to our effective tax rate.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Tax Act also created a new benefit, effective for us on May 1, 2018, for Foreign Derived Intangible Income (&amp;#8220;FDII&amp;#8221;), providing a deduction intended to result in a reduced federal income tax rate of approximately 13.125% on certain foreign derived eligible income. For the year ended April 30, 2019, we recorded a tax benefit of $1.2 million.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;As of April 30, 2019 and April 30, 2018, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits were $7.7 million and $6.8 million, respectively, of which $0.7 million and $0.6 million represented accruals for interest and penalties recorded as additional tax expense in accordance with our accounting policy. Within the income tax provision for the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, we recorded net interest expense on reserves for unrecognized and recognized tax benefits of $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively. As of April 30, 2019, and April 30, 2018, the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits that would reduce our income tax provision, if recognized, were approximately $7.7 million and $6.8 million, respectively. We do not expect any significant changes to the unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;A reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits included within the Other Long-Term Liabilities line item on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Balance at May 1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6,833&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6,124&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Additions for Current Year Tax Positions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,473&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,372&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Additions for Prior Year Tax Positions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;414&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;69&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Reductions for Prior Year Tax Positions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(578&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(38&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Foreign Translation Adjustment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(42&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;45&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Payments and Settlements&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(136&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(124&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Reductions for Lapse of Statute of Limitations&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(305&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(615&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Balance at April 30&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;7,659&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6,833&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tax Audits:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We file income tax returns in the U.S. and various states and non-U.S. tax jurisdictions. Our major taxing jurisdictions include the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany. Except for one immaterial item, we are no longer subject to income tax examinations for years prior to fiscal year 2014 in the major jurisdictions in which we are subject to tax. Our last completed U.S. federal tax audit was for fiscal years 2011 through 2013, which resulted in minimal adjustments related to temporary differences.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;Deferred Taxes:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Deferred taxes result from temporary differences in the recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial reporting purposes.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;We believe that it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the net deferred tax assets. The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at April 30 were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Net Operating Losses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;14,491&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;8,976&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Reserve for Sales Returns and Doubtful Accounts&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,923&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,506&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accrued Employee Compensation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;17,528&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;20,096&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Foreign and Federal Credits&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;34,401&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;31,109&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other Accrued Expenses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6,262&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,632&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(139,389&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The decrease in net deferred tax liabilities is attributable to a foreign exchange driven decrease in our deferred tax liability primarily related to intangible and fixed assets.&amp;#160; Our increase in deferred tax liabilities relating to our acquisition of Learning House was offset by the amortization of our deferred tax liabilities related to intangibles and fixed assets, primarily from prior acquisitions.&amp;#160; Our increase in deferred tax assets, primarily from foreign and federal tax credits as well as net operating losses, was offset by an increase in our valuation allowance related to those assets. We have concluded that after valuation allowances, it is more likely than not that we will realize substantially all of the net deferred tax assets at April 30, 2019. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we take into account related deferred tax liabilities and estimated future reversals of existing temporary differences, future taxable earnings and tax planning strategies to determine which deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized in the future. Changes to tax laws, statutory tax rates and future taxable earnings can have an impact on our valuation allowances.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;A $21.2 million valuation allowance has been provided based on the uncertainty of utilizing the tax benefits related to our deferred tax assets for foreign tax credits, state, and, to a small extent, Federal net operating loss carry forwards. As of April 30, 2019, we have apportioned state net operating loss carryforwards totaling $99 million, with a tax effected value of $6 million net of federal benefits, expiring in various amounts over 1 to 20 years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;On June 18, 2019, U.S. Treasury published certain proposed and temporary regulations which would, among other changes, eliminate the dividend received deduction with respect to certain income recognized by us with respect to the transition tax imposed by the Tax Act.&amp;#160; Although we are still reviewing the regulations, if applied, such regulations would not materially impact our consolidated financial position or results of operations, as the decrease in our foreign tax credit carryforward would most likely be offset by a decrease in our valuation allowance.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Since April 30, 2018, we no longer intend to permanently reinvest earnings outside the U.S. We have a $2.0 million liability related to the estimated taxes that would be incurred upon repatriating certain non-U.S. earnings.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
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  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPostretirementObligations contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-40470000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPostretirementObligations>
  <!--Increase (Decrease) in Obligation, Other Postretirement Benefits-->
  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPostretirementObligations contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-27550000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPostretirementObligations>
  <!--Increase (Decrease) in Other Operating Assets and Liabilities, Net-->
  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">2262000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet>
  <!--Increase (Decrease) in Other Operating Assets and Liabilities, Net-->
  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-11194000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet>
  <!--Increase (Decrease) in Other Operating Assets and Liabilities, Net-->
  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-2078000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet>
  <!--Increase (Decrease) in Royalties Payable-->
  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInRoyaltiesPayable contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">3664000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInRoyaltiesPayable>
  <!--Increase (Decrease) in Royalties Payable-->
  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInRoyaltiesPayable contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">4325000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInRoyaltiesPayable>
  <!--Increase (Decrease) in Royalties Payable-->
  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInRoyaltiesPayable contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">6169000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInRoyaltiesPayable>
  <!--Dilutive Effect of Stock Options and Other Stock Awards (in shares)-->
  <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">845000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements>
  <!--Dilutive Effect of Stock Options and Other Stock Awards (in shares)-->
  <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">648000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements>
  <!--Dilutive Effect of Stock Options and Other Stock Awards (in shares)-->
  <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">862000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements>
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  <us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillFairValueDisclosure contextRef="c20170731_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_BrandsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">1200000</us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillFairValueDisclosure>
  <!--Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)-Trademarks and Trade Names [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20190430_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_TrademarksAndTradeNamesMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">134509000</us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)-Content and Publishing Rights [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20180430_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_ArtisticRelatedIntangibleAssetsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">94238000</us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)-->
  <us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">236427000</us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)-Trademarks and Trade Names [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20180430_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_TrademarksAndTradeNamesMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">142189000</us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)-Content and Publishing Rights [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20190430_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_ArtisticRelatedIntangibleAssetsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">86223000</us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)-->
  <us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">220732000</us-gaap:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Intangible Assets with Finite Lives and Other Long-Lived Assets-->
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  <!--Intangible Assets, Gross (Excluding Goodwill)-->
  <us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1372820000</us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Intangible Assets, Gross (Excluding Goodwill)-->
  <us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1306203000</us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill)-->
  <us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">848071000</us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill)-->
  <us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">865572000</us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill>
  <!--Interest Expense-->
  <us-gaap:InterestExpense contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">16938000</us-gaap:InterestExpense>
  <!--Interest Expense-->
  <us-gaap:InterestExpense contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">16121000</us-gaap:InterestExpense>
  <!--Interest Expense-->
  <us-gaap:InterestExpense contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">13274000</us-gaap:InterestExpense>
  <!--Interest-->
  <us-gaap:InterestPaidNet contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">14867000</us-gaap:InterestPaidNet>
  <!--Interest-->
  <us-gaap:InterestPaidNet contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">15733000</us-gaap:InterestPaidNet>
  <!--Interest-->
  <us-gaap:InterestPaidNet contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">12221000</us-gaap:InterestPaidNet>
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  <us-gaap:InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet contextRef="c20190430_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_InterestRateSwapMember_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipAxis_CashFlowHedgingMember_HedgingDesignationAxis_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">200000</us-gaap:InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet>
  <!--Finished Goods-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">36503000</us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods>
  <!--Finished Goods-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">33736000</us-gaap:InventoryFinishedGoods>
  <!--Inventory Disclosure [Text Block]-->
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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Finished Goods&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;33,736&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;36,503&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Work-in-Process&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,094&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,139&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Paper and Other Materials&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;373&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;550&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;36,203&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;39,192&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Inventory Value of Estimated Sales Returns&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,739&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,626&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;LIFO Reserve&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(4,360&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(4,329&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Inventories&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;35,582&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;39,489&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;See Note 2, &amp;#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards,&amp;#8221; under the caption &amp;#8220;Sales Return Reserves,&amp;#8221; for a discussion of the Inventory Value of Estimated Sales Returns. Finished Goods are net of a reserve for inventory obsolescence of $15.8 million and $18.2 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:InventoryDisclosureTextBlock>
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  <us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves contextRef="c20180430_ProductOrServiceAxis_ShippingAndHandlingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">18200000</us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves>
  <!--Inventory obsolescence reserve-Shipping and Handling [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves contextRef="c20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_ShippingAndHandlingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">15800000</us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves>
  <!--Inventory obsolescence reserve-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">18200000</us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves>
  <!--Inventory obsolescence reserve-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">15800000</us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves>
  <!--Reserve for Inventory Obsolescence-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryImpairmentPolicy contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Reserve for Inventory Obsolescence&lt;/font&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;A reserve for inventory obsolescence is estimated based on a review of damaged, obsolete, or otherwise unsalable inventory. The review encompasses historical unit sales trends by title, current market conditions, including estimates of customer demand compared to the number of units currently on hand, and publication revision cycles. The inventory obsolescence reserve is reported as a reduction of the Inventories, net balance on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and amounted to $15.8 million and $18.2 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:InventoryImpairmentPolicy>
  <!--Inventory, Gross-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryGross contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">36203000</us-gaap:InventoryGross>
  <!--Inventory, Gross-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryGross contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">39192000</us-gaap:InventoryGross>
  <!--Inventory, Net-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryNet contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">39489000</us-gaap:InventoryNet>
  <!--Inventory, Net-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryNet contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">35582000</us-gaap:InventoryNet>
  <!--Inventory, Work in Process, Gross-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryWorkInProcess contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">2094000</us-gaap:InventoryWorkInProcess>
  <!--Inventory, Work in Process, Gross-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryWorkInProcess contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">2139000</us-gaap:InventoryWorkInProcess>
  <!--Inventory, LIFO Reserve-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryLIFOReserve contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">4329000</us-gaap:InventoryLIFOReserve>
  <!--Inventory, LIFO Reserve-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryLIFOReserve contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">4360000</us-gaap:InventoryLIFOReserve>
  <!--Inventory, Raw Materials, Gross-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryRawMaterials contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">373000</us-gaap:InventoryRawMaterials>
  <!--Inventory, Raw Materials, Gross-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryRawMaterials contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">550000</us-gaap:InventoryRawMaterials>
  <!--Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Inventories:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or market. U.S. book inventories aggregating $21.0 million and $24.0 million at April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, are valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method.&amp;#160;All other inventories are valued using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock>
  <!--Variable rate loans outstanding-->
  <us-gaap:LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">478800000</us-gaap:LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount>
  <!--Liabilities-->
  <us-gaap:Liabilities contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1648894000</us-gaap:Liabilities>
  <!--Liabilities-->
  <us-gaap:Liabilities contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1755655000</us-gaap:Liabilities>
  <!--Liabilities and Equity-->
  <us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">2839451000</us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity>
  <!--Liabilities and Equity-->
  <us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">2937002000</us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity>
  <!--Liabilities, Current-->
  <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">874311000</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
  <!--Liabilities, Current-->
  <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">870562000</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
  <!--LIFO inventories-->
  <us-gaap:LIFOInventoryAmount contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">24000000</us-gaap:LIFOInventoryAmount>
  <!--LIFO inventories-->
  <us-gaap:LIFOInventoryAmount contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">21000000</us-gaap:LIFOInventoryAmount>
  <!--Line of Credit Facility, Commitment Fee Percentage-Syndicate Bank Group [Member]-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-Minimum [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityCommitmentFeePercentage contextRef="c20180501to20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_SyndicateBankGroupMember_RangeAxis_MinimumMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.0015</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityCommitmentFeePercentage>
  <!--Line of Credit Facility, Commitment Fee Percentage-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-Maximum [Member]-Syndicate Bank Group [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityCommitmentFeePercentage contextRef="c20180501to20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_SyndicateBankGroupMember_RangeAxis_MaximumMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.0025</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityCommitmentFeePercentage>
  <!--Long-term Line of Credit-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:LineOfCredit contextRef="c20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">478800000</us-gaap:LineOfCredit>
  <!--Long-term Line of Credit-Other Credit Facilities [Member]-Line of Credit [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:LineOfCredit contextRef="c20180430_CreditFacilityAxis_LineOfCreditMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-6">0</us-gaap:LineOfCredit>
  <!--Long-term Line of Credit-Other Credit Facilities [Member]-Line of Credit [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:LineOfCredit contextRef="c20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_LineOfCreditMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-6">0</us-gaap:LineOfCredit>
  <!--Long-term Line of Credit-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:LineOfCredit contextRef="c20180430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">360000000</us-gaap:LineOfCredit>
  <!--Line of credit facility, due date-Syndicate Bank Group [Member]-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1 contextRef="c20180501to20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_SyndicateBankGroupMember">2021-03-01</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1>
  <!--Amount of financing available under credit facilities-Line of Credit [Member]-Other Credit Facilities [Member]-->
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  <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity contextRef="c20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-8">1100000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
  <!--Amount of financing available under credit facilities-Syndicate Bank Group [Member]-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity contextRef="c20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_SyndicateBankGroupMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-8">1100000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
  <!--Amount of financing available under credit facilities-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-Subsequent Event [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity contextRef="c20190530_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_SubsequentEventMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-7">1250000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
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  <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity contextRef="c20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-8">600000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity>
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  <us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">360000000</us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent>
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  <us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">478790000</us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent>
  <!--Nature of Operations [Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:NatureOfOperations contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 1 &amp;#8211; Description of Business&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Company, founded in 1807, was incorporated in the state of New York on January 15, 1904. Throughout this report, when we refer to &amp;#8220;Wiley,&amp;#8221; the &amp;#8220;Company,&amp;#8221; &amp;#8220;we,&amp;#8221; &amp;#8220;our,&amp;#8221; or &amp;#8220;us,&amp;#8221; we are referring to John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Inc. and all of our subsidiaries, except where the context indicates otherwise.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We are a global research and learning company. Through our &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt; segment, we provide scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, as well as related content and services, to academic, corporate, and government libraries, learned societies, and individual researchers and other professionals.&amp;#160;The &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt; segment provides scientific, professional, and education books and related content in print and digital formats, as well as test preparation services and course workflow tools, to libraries, corporations, students, professionals, and researchers.&amp;#160;The &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Solutions &lt;/font&gt;segment provides online program management services for higher education institutions and learning, development, and assessment services for businesses and professionals. We have operations primarily located in the United States, United Kingdom (&amp;#8220;U.K.&amp;#8221;), Germany, Russia, Singapore, and France.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:NatureOfOperations>
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  <!--Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities-->
  <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-17595000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities>
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  <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-96831000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities>
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  <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-243010000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
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  <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-301502000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
  <!--Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities-->
  <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-177411000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities>
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  <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">314903000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
  <!--Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities-->
  <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">250831000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
  <!--Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities-->
  <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">382322000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
  <!--Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent-->
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">113643000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
  <!--Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent-->
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">192186000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
  <!--Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent-->
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">168263000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
  <!--Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent-->
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c20170801to20171031" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">60000000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
  <!--Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent-->
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c20180201to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">54200000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
  <!--Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent-->
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c20180801to20181031" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">43800000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
  <!--Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent-->
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c20181101to20190131" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">34900000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
  <!--Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent-->
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c20190201to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">63300000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
  <!--Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent-->
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c20180501to20180731" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">26300000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
  <!--Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent-->
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c20170501to20170731" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">9200000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
  <!--Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent-->
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c20171101to20180131" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">68800000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
  <!--New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Recently Issued Accounting Standards&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software: Customer&amp;#8217;s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, &amp;#8220;Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer&amp;#8217;s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract.&amp;#8221; ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, &amp;#8220;Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.&amp;#8221; ASU 2018-14 removes certain disclosures that are not considered cost beneficial, clarifies certain required disclosures and added additional disclosures. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in ASU 2018-14 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis.&amp;#160; We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, &amp;#8220;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.&amp;#8221; ASU 2018-13 removes certain disclosures, modifies certain disclosures and added additional disclosures. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Certain disclosures in ASU 2018-13 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 &amp;#8220;Income Statement&amp;#8212;Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,&amp;#8221; which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2019, and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. We adopted ASU 2018-02 on May 1, 2019. We did not elect to reclassify the income tax effects from comprehensive income to retained earnings for the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Our policy for releasing the income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income is when the corresponding pretax accumulated other comprehensive income items are reclassified to earnings.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, &amp;#8220;Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities,&amp;#8221; to simplify and improve the application and financial reporting of hedge accounting. Subsequently, in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, &amp;#8220;Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes&amp;#8221;.&amp;#160; In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, &amp;#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments.&amp;#8221; ASU 2017-12&amp;#160;eases the requirements for measuring and reporting hedge ineffectiveness and clarifies that changes in the fair value of hedging instruments for cash flow, net investment, and fair value hedges should be reflected in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. The guidance also permits entities to designate specific components in cash flow and interest rate hedges as the hedged risk, instead of using total cash flows. ASU 2018-16 allows the use of the OIS rate based on the SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. These ASUs are effective for us on May 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We adopted ASU 2017-12, 2018-16 and 2019-04, for those portions related to ASU 2017-02, on May 1, 2019 and there was no impact to our consolidated financial statements at the date of adoption. The future impact will depend upon any future hedging activities we may enter into.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, &amp;#8220;Intangibles&amp;#8211;Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): &amp;#8220;Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment&amp;#8221;, which simplifies the measurement of a potential goodwill impairment charge by eliminating the requirement to calculate an implied fair value of the goodwill based on the fair value of a reporting unit&amp;#8217;s other assets and liabilities. The new guidance eliminates the implied fair value method and instead measures a potential impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit&amp;#8217;s carrying value compared to its fair value. The impairment charge cannot exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Based on our most recent annual goodwill impairment test completed in the year ended April 30, 2019, we expect no initial impact on adoption.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, &amp;#8220;Financial Instruments&amp;#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.&amp;#8221; Subsequently, in May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019&lt;/font&gt;-05 - "Financial Instruments&amp;#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8221;, in April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, &amp;#8220;&lt;/font&gt;Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments&amp;#8212;Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;,&amp;#8221; and in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, &amp;#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses&amp;#8221;.&amp;#160; ASU 2016-13 requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for most financial assets held at the reporting date based on an expected loss model which includes historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Entities will now use forward-looking information to better form their credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 also requires enhanced disclosures to help financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity&amp;#8217;s portfolio. ASU 2016-13, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2018-19 are effective for us on May 1, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Leases&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)&amp;#8221;. Subsequently, the FASB issued in March 2019, ASU 2019-01, &amp;#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements&amp;#8221;, in December 2018 ASU 2018-20, &amp;#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors&amp;#8221;,&amp;#160;and in July 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, &amp;#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements&amp;#8221; and ASU 2018-10, &amp;#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases&amp;#8221;.&amp;#160; ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset (&amp;#8220;ROU&amp;#8221;) and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months and provide enhanced disclosures. Recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses will depend on classification as a finance or operating lease. Similar modifications have been made to lessor accounting in-line with revenue recognition guidance.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. We expect to elect the practical expedients to forgo a reassessment of (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) initial direct costs.&amp;#160; We do not expect to elect the practical expedient allowing the use-of-hindsight which would require us to reassess the lease term of our leases based on all facts and circumstances through the effective date.&amp;#160; In addition, we do not expect to elect the practical expedient pertaining to land easements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In addition, the new standard provides as a practical expedient, certain policy elections for ongoing lease accounting to (i) not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component if certain conditions are met, and (ii) not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases that qualify as short-term. If the short-term recognition exemption is elected, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases in transition. We expect to elect these policy elections.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. A company may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as of its date of initial application. We adopted the new standard on May 1, 2019 and used the effective date as the date of initial application. Accordingly, previously reported financial information will not be updated, and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before May 1, 2019.&amp;#160; We expect to recognize operating lease liabilities ranging from approximately $175 to $185 million based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments for existing operating leases and ROU assets ranging from approximately $135 to $145 million on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Additionally, we are in the process of implementing a lease accounting system for our leases, including the conversion of our existing lease data to a new system and implementing relevant internal controls and procedures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;See Note 15, &amp;#8220;Commitment and Contingencies,&amp;#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of our operating leases and future commitments.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
  <!--Cumulative Effect of Changes Made to Consolidated Balance Sheet As a Result of Adoption of New Revenue Standard-->
  <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementEarlyAdoptionTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The impact of the adoption of the new revenue standard was not material to our Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended April 30, 2019; therefore, we have omitted the disclosure that summarizes the effect of the revenue recognition standard by line item on our Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact to the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position was also not material by line item, except for the reclassification of the sales return reserve provision to contract liability from accounts receivable, net. &lt;/font&gt;The cumulative effect of the changes made to our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at May 1, 2018 as a result of adoption of the new revenue standard using the modified retrospective method were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Adjustments due to Adoption&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;May 1, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;212,377&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;93,349&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;305,726&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; 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  <!--Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards-->
  <us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationBasisOfPresentationBusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 2 &amp;#8211; Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"&gt;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Basis of Presentation:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Our Consolidated Financial Statements include all of the accounts of the Company and our subsidiaries. We have eliminated all intercompany transactions and balances in consolidation. All amounts are in thousands, except per share amounts, and approximate due to rounding.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Change in Accounting Policy:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In connection &lt;/font&gt;with the acquisition of Learning House (See Note 4, &amp;#8220;Acquisition&amp;#8221;), we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share on the Consolidated Statements of Income.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Reclassifications:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year&amp;#8217;s presentation.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Use of Estimates:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include, among other items, revenue recognition, sales return reserves, allocation of acquisition purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, intangible assets with finite lives and other long-lived assets, and retirement plans.&amp;#160; We review these estimates and assumptions periodically using historical experience and other factors and reflect the effects of any revisions on the Consolidated Financial Statements in the period we determine any revisions to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates, which could affect the reported results.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Book Overdrafts:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Under our cash management system, a book overdraft balance exists for our primary disbursement accounts. This overdraft represents uncleared checks in excess of cash balances in individual bank accounts. Our funds are transferred from other existing bank account balances or from lines of credit as needed to fund checks presented for payment. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, book overdrafts of $7.4 million and $13.1 million, respectively, were included in Accounts Payable on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Revenue Recognition:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;See Note 3, &amp;#8220;Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,&amp;#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of our revenue recognition policy.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Cash and Cash Equivalents:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase and are stated at cost, which approximates market value, because of the short-term maturity of the instruments.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The estimated allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a review of the aging of the accounts receivable balances, historical write-off experience, credit evaluations of customers, and current market conditions. A change in the evaluation of a customer&amp;#8217;s credit could affect the estimated allowance. The allowance for doubtful accounts is shown as a reduction of Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and amounted to $14.3 million and $10.1 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Sales Return Reserves:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The process that we use to determine our sales returns and the related reserve provision charged against revenue is based on applying an estimated return rate to current year returnable print book sales. This rate is based upon an analysis of actual historical return experience in the various markets and geographic regions in which we do business. We collect, maintain and analyze significant amounts of sales returns data for large volumes of homogeneous transactions. This allows us to make reasonable estimates of the amount of future returns. All available data is utilized to identify the returns by market and to which fiscal year the sales returns apply. This enables management to track the returns in detail and identify and react to trends occurring in the marketplace, with the objective of being able to make the most informed judgments possible in setting reserve rates. Associated with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related increase to inventory and a reduction to accrued royalties as a result of the expected returns. Print book sales return reserves amounted to a net liability balance of $18.5 million and $18.6 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The reserves are reflected in the following accounts of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position &amp;#8211; increase (decrease):&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(28,302&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Inventories, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,739&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,626&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accrued royalties&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(3,653&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(5,048&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Contract liability (Deferred revenue) &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;25,934&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Decrease in Net Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(18,542&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(18,628&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt; Due to &lt;/font&gt;the adoption of the new revenue standard, See Note 3, &lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Revenue from Contracts with Customers &lt;/font&gt;the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, the sales return reserve of $28.3 million was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Inventories:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or market. U.S. book inventories aggregating $21.0 million and $24.0 million at April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, are valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method.&amp;#160;All other inventories are valued using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Reserve for Inventory Obsolescence&lt;/font&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;A reserve for inventory obsolescence is estimated based on a review of damaged, obsolete, or otherwise unsalable inventory. The review encompasses historical unit sales trends by title, current market conditions, including estimates of customer demand compared to the number of units currently on hand, and publication revision cycles. The inventory obsolescence reserve is reported as a reduction of the Inventories, net balance on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and amounted to $15.8 million and $18.2 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Product Development Assets:&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Product development assets consist of book composition costs and other product development costs. Costs associated with developing a book publication are expensed until the product is determined to be commercially viable. Book composition costs represent the costs incurred to bring an edited commercial manuscript to publication, which include typesetting, proofreading, design, illustration costs, and digital formatting. Book composition costs are capitalized and are generally amortized on a double-declining basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 1 to 3 years. Other product development costs represent the costs incurred in developing software, platforms, and digital content to be sold and licensed to third parties. Other product development costs are capitalized and generally amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. As of April 30, 2019, the weighted average estimated useful life of other product development costs was approximately 5 years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Royalty Advances:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Royalty advances are capitalized and, upon publication, are expensed as royalties earned based on sales of the published works. Royalty advances are reviewed for recoverability and a reserve for loss is maintained, if appropriate.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Shipping and Handling Costs:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Costs incurred for third party shipping and handling are primarily reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. We incurred $32.7 million, $33.7 million, and $39.1 million in shipping and handling costs in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Advertising Expense:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. We incurred $89.5 million, $68.3 million, and $61.4 million in advertising costs in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, and these costs are included in Cost of Sales and Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Advertising costs of $53.7 million, $38.3 million, and $32.4 million were included in Cost of Sales in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Advertising costs of $35.8 million, $30.0 million, and $29.0 million were included in Operating and Administrative Expenses in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. &lt;/font&gt;Refer to the section above &amp;#8220;Change in Accounting Policy&amp;#8221; for more information regarding the reclassification of certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Technology, Property, and Equipment:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Technology, property, and equipment is recorded at cost. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Technology, property and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method based upon the following estimated useful lives: Computer Software &amp;#8211; 3 to 10 years, Computer Hardware &amp;#8211; 3 to 5 years; Buildings and Leasehold Improvements &amp;#8211; the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset up to 40 years or the duration of the lease; Furniture, Fixtures, and Warehouse Equipment &amp;#8211; 5 to 10 years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Costs incurred for computer software internally developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized during the application development stage and expensed as incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages. Costs incurred during the application development stage include costs of materials and services and payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with the software project. Such costs are amortized over the expected useful life of the related software, which is generally 3 to 5 years. Costs related to the investment in our Enterprise Resource Planning and related systems are amortized over an expected useful life of 10 years. Maintenance, training, and upgrade costs that do not result in additional functionality are expensed as incurred.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Allocation of Acquisition Purchase Price to Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed&lt;/font&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In connection with acquisitions, we allocate the cost of the acquisition to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on the estimates of fair value for such items, including intangible assets and technology acquired. Such estimates include discounted estimated cash flows to be generated by those assets and the expected useful lives based on historical experience and current market trends to be achieved from the acquisition and the expected tax basis of assets acquired. We may use a third-party valuation consultant to assist in the determination of such estimates.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate of the following: (1) consideration transferred, (2) the fair value of any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, and (3) if the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition-date fair value of our previously held equity interest in the acquiree over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of brands, trademarks, content, and publishing rights and are typically characterized by intellectual property with a long and well-established revenue stream resulting from strong and well-established imprint/brand recognition in the market.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We use the acquisition method of accounting for all business combinations and do not amortize goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Intangible Assets with Finite Lives and Other Long-Lived Assets:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Finite-lived intangible assets principally consist of brands, trademarks, content and publication rights, customer relationships, and non-compete agreements and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The most significant factors in determining the estimated lives of these intangibles are the history and longevity of the brands, trademarks, and content and publication rights acquired combined with the strength of cash flows.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Intangible assets with finite lives as of April 30, 2019, are amortized on a straight line basis over the following weighted average estimated useful lives: content and publishing rights &amp;#8211; 34 years, customer relationships &amp;#8211; 18 years, brands and trademarks &amp;#8211; 16 years, non-compete agreements &amp;#8211; 3 years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Assets with finite lives are evaluated for impairment upon a significant change in the operating or macroeconomic environment.&amp;#160;In these circumstances, if an evaluation of the projected undiscounted cash flows indicates impairment, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value based on the discounted future cash flows.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Derivative Financial Instruments:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;From time to time, we enter into foreign exchange forward and interest rate swap contracts as a hedge against foreign currency asset and liability commitments, changes in interest rates, and anticipated transaction exposures, including intercompany purchases. All derivatives are recognized as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value.&amp;#160; Derivatives that are not determined to be effective hedges are adjusted to fair value with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. We do not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Foreign Currency Gains/Losses:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We maintain operations in many non-U.S. locations. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using end-of-period exchange rates and revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using weighted average rates. Our significant investments in non-U.S. businesses are exposed to foreign currency risk. Foreign currency translation adjustments are reported as a separate component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss within Shareholders&amp;#8217; Equity. During the year ended April 30, 2019, we recorded $60.5 million of foreign currency translation losses primarily &lt;/font&gt;as a result of the fluctuations of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling and, to a lesser extent, the euro. &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Foreign currency transaction gains or losses are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income as incurred.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Stock-Based Compensation:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We recognize stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the stock-based awards on the grant date, reduced by an estimate for future forfeited awards.&amp;#160;As such, stock-based compensation expense is only recognized for those awards that are expected to ultimately vest. The fair value of stock-based awards is recognized in net income generally on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The grant date fair value for stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The determination of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model required us to make judgments and estimates, which include the expected life of an option, the expected volatility of our Common Stock over the estimated life of the option, a risk-free interest rate, and the expected dividend yield. Judgment was also required in estimating the amount of stock-based awards that may be forfeited. Stock-based compensation expense associated with performance-based stock awards is based on actual financial results for targets established three years in advance. The cumulative effect on current and prior periods of a change in the estimated number of performance share awards, or estimated forfeiture rate, is recognized as an adjustment to earnings in the period of the revision. If actual results differ significantly from estimates, our stock-based compensation expense and consolidated results of operations could be impacted.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Recently Adopted Accounting Standards&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Stock Compensation &amp;#8211; Scope of Modification Accounting&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&amp;#8220;FASB&amp;#8221;) issued Accounting Standards Update (&amp;#8220;ASU&amp;#8221;) 2017-09, &amp;#8220;Compensation&amp;#8212;Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting,&amp;#8221; which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is only required if the fair value, vesting conditions or classification (equity or liability) of the new award are different from the original award immediately before the original award is modified. We adopted ASU 2017-09 on May 1, 2018 and there was no impact to our consolidated financial statements. The new guidance must be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The future impact of ASU 2017-09 will be dependent on the nature of future stock award modifications.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, &amp;#8220;Compensation&amp;#8212;Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.&amp;#8221; The guidance requires that the service cost component of net pension and postretirement benefit costs be reported in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period, while the other components of net benefit costs must be reported separately from the service cost component and below operating income. The guidance also allows only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. We adopted ASU 2017-07 on May 1, 2018. The new guidance must be applied retrospectively for the presentation of net benefit costs in the income statement and prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component of net benefit costs.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The effect of retrospectively adopting this guidance resulted in a reclassification of net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The amount included in Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended April 30, 2019 was a net benefit of $8.8 million. We do not capitalize any service costs.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, &amp;#8220;Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business&amp;#8221;, which clarifies the definition of a business in order to allow for the evaluation of whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or business. We adopted ASU 2017-01 on May 1, 2018 and the adoption had no impact for us in fiscal year 2019. The future impact of ASU 2017-01 will be dependent upon the nature of future acquisitions or dispositions made by us.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, &amp;#8220;Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.&amp;#8221; ASU 2016-18 requires that entities include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents in the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the Statement of Cash Flows. We adopted ASU 2016-18 on May 1, 2018. Retrospective transition method is to be applied to each period presented. As a result of this retrospective adoption, the reclassification of restricted cash into a change in total cash resulted in a reduction in Cash Provided By Operating Activities of $0.5 million for the year ended April 30, 2018. There was no impact for the year ended April 30, 2017.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;92,890&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;169,773&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;58,516&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;363,806&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;658&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;484&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;93,548&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;170,257&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;58,516&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;363,806&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;Income taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, &amp;#8220;Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory&amp;#8221;, which simplifies the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Current U.S. GAAP prohibits the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party. The new guidance states that an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Consequently, the amendments in this Standard eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. We adopted ASU 2016-16 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, &amp;#8220;Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,&amp;#8221; which provides clarification on classifying a variety of activities within the Statement of Cash Flows. We adopted ASU 2016-15 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have a material impact to our consolidated statements of cash flows.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, &amp;#8220;Financial Instruments&amp;#8212;Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.&amp;#8221; Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, &amp;#8220;Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments-Overall.&amp;#8221;&amp;#160; ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments except those under the equity method of accounting to be measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognized in net income. The amendment simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. In addition, it also requires enhanced disclosures about investments. We adopted ASU 2016-01 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016- 01 did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Revenue from Contracts with Customers&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," (Topic 606) which superseded most existing revenue recognition guidance. We adopted ASU 2014-09 on May 1, 2018. The standard allows for either "full retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all periods presented, or "modified retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) &amp;#8211; Principal versus Agent Considerations", ASU 2016-10, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) &amp;#8211; Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing", ASU 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) &amp;#8211; Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients", and ASU 2016-20, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which provide clarification and additional guidance related to ASU 2014-09. We also adopted ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12, and ASU 2016-20 with ASU 2014-09 (collectively, the &amp;#8220;new revenue standard&amp;#8221;) on May 1, 2018.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We utilized a comprehensive approach to assess the impact of the new revenue standard on our contract portfolio by reviewing our current accounting policies and practices to identify differences that would result from applying the new revenue standard to our revenue contracts. Additionally, we reviewed customer agreements representative of our business models and assessed whether changes in revenue recognition were appropriate under the new revenue standard.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We adopted the new revenue standard as of May 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material impact to our consolidated revenues, financial position, or results of operations. Upon adoption, we recorded an immaterial net increase to opening retained earnings resulting from the change in timing of when certain components of our revenue are recognized as required under the new revenue standard as compared to historical policies. Such changes include:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3.37%; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 3.43%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(i)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 93.2%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;perpetual licenses granted in connection with other deliverables; revenue that was previously recognized over the life of the associated subscription for future content is now recognized at a point in time, which is when access to content is initially granted,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3.37%; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="width: 3.47%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(ii)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 93.16%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;customers&amp;#8217; unexercised rights; revenue which was previously recognized at the end of a pre-determined period for situations where we have received a nonrefundable payment for a customer to receive a good or service and the customer has not exercised such right is now recognized as revenue in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3.37%; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="width: 3.47%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(iii)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 93.16%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;recognition of estimated revenue from royalty agreements in the period of usage, and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3.37%; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3.38%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(iv)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="width: 93.25%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;recognition of revenue for certain arrangements with minimum guarantees on a time-based (straight-line) basis due to a stand-ready obligation to provide additional rights to content.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The adoption of the new revenue standard resulted in the discontinuance of the historical practice of presenting accounts receivable and deferred revenue balances on a net basis for some of our subscription licensing agreements where we have invoiced a customer in advance of the related revenue being recognized and payment has not yet been received. As of April 30, 2018, the amounts that were previously netted down from accounts receivable and deferred revenue were $59.5 million. The current policy for our subscription licensing agreements is to record accounts receivable when performance occurs and recognize contract liabilities, at the earlier of cash payment being received or the invoice is sent.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In addition, the adoption of the new revenue standard resulted in the reclassification of the sales return reserve provision to Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) from Accounts Receivable, Net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018 the amount was $25.9 million and $28.3 million, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The impact of the adoption of the new revenue standard was not material to our Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended April 30, 2019; therefore, we have omitted the disclosure that summarizes the effect of the revenue recognition standard by line item on our Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact to the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position was also not material by line item, except for the reclassification of the sales return reserve provision to contract liability from accounts receivable, net. &lt;/font&gt;The cumulative effect of the changes made to our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at May 1, 2018 as a result of adoption of the new revenue standard using the modified retrospective method were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Adjustments due to Adoption&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;May 1, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;212,377&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;93,349&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;305,726&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Product development assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;78,814&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(3,725&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;289,934&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(361&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;289,573&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other non-current assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;85,802&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; 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width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Liabilities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accrued royalties&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;73,007&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(731&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;72,276&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Contract liability (Deferred revenue)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;486,353&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;89,364&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;575,717&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Deferred income tax liabilities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;143,518&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; 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width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Retained earnings&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,834,057&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,503&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,838,560&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Recently Issued Accounting Standards&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software: Customer&amp;#8217;s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, &amp;#8220;Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer&amp;#8217;s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract.&amp;#8221; ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, &amp;#8220;Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.&amp;#8221; ASU 2018-14 removes certain disclosures that are not considered cost beneficial, clarifies certain required disclosures and added additional disclosures. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in ASU 2018-14 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis.&amp;#160; We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, &amp;#8220;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.&amp;#8221; ASU 2018-13 removes certain disclosures, modifies certain disclosures and added additional disclosures. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Certain disclosures in ASU 2018-13 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 &amp;#8220;Income Statement&amp;#8212;Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,&amp;#8221; which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2019, and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. We adopted ASU 2018-02 on May 1, 2019. We did not elect to reclassify the income tax effects from comprehensive income to retained earnings for the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Our policy for releasing the income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income is when the corresponding pretax accumulated other comprehensive income items are reclassified to earnings.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, &amp;#8220;Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities,&amp;#8221; to simplify and improve the application and financial reporting of hedge accounting. Subsequently, in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, &amp;#8220;Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes&amp;#8221;.&amp;#160; In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, &amp;#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments.&amp;#8221; ASU 2017-12&amp;#160;eases the requirements for measuring and reporting hedge ineffectiveness and clarifies that changes in the fair value of hedging instruments for cash flow, net investment, and fair value hedges should be reflected in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. The guidance also permits entities to designate specific components in cash flow and interest rate hedges as the hedged risk, instead of using total cash flows. ASU 2018-16 allows the use of the OIS rate based on the SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. These ASUs are effective for us on May 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We adopted ASU 2017-12, 2018-16 and 2019-04, for those portions related to ASU 2017-02, on May 1, 2019 and there was no impact to our consolidated financial statements at the date of adoption. The future impact will depend upon any future hedging activities we may enter into.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, &amp;#8220;Intangibles&amp;#8211;Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): &amp;#8220;Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment&amp;#8221;, which simplifies the measurement of a potential goodwill impairment charge by eliminating the requirement to calculate an implied fair value of the goodwill based on the fair value of a reporting unit&amp;#8217;s other assets and liabilities. The new guidance eliminates the implied fair value method and instead measures a potential impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit&amp;#8217;s carrying value compared to its fair value. The impairment charge cannot exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Based on our most recent annual goodwill impairment test completed in the year ended April 30, 2019, we expect no initial impact on adoption.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, &amp;#8220;Financial Instruments&amp;#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.&amp;#8221; Subsequently, in May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019&lt;/font&gt;-05 - "Financial Instruments&amp;#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8221;, in April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, &amp;#8220;&lt;/font&gt;Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments&amp;#8212;Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;,&amp;#8221; and in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, &amp;#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses&amp;#8221;.&amp;#160; ASU 2016-13 requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for most financial assets held at the reporting date based on an expected loss model which includes historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Entities will now use forward-looking information to better form their credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 also requires enhanced disclosures to help financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity&amp;#8217;s portfolio. ASU 2016-13, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2018-19 are effective for us on May 1, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Leases&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)&amp;#8221;. Subsequently, the FASB issued in March 2019, ASU 2019-01, &amp;#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements&amp;#8221;, in December 2018 ASU 2018-20, &amp;#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors&amp;#8221;,&amp;#160;and in July 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, &amp;#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements&amp;#8221; and ASU 2018-10, &amp;#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases&amp;#8221;.&amp;#160; ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset (&amp;#8220;ROU&amp;#8221;) and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months and provide enhanced disclosures. Recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses will depend on classification as a finance or operating lease. Similar modifications have been made to lessor accounting in-line with revenue recognition guidance.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. We expect to elect the practical expedients to forgo a reassessment of (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) initial direct costs.&amp;#160; We do not expect to elect the practical expedient allowing the use-of-hindsight which would require us to reassess the lease term of our leases based on all facts and circumstances through the effective date.&amp;#160; In addition, we do not expect to elect the practical expedient pertaining to land easements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In addition, the new standard provides as a practical expedient, certain policy elections for ongoing lease accounting to (i) not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component if certain conditions are met, and (ii) not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases that qualify as short-term. If the short-term recognition exemption is elected, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases in transition. We expect to elect these policy elections.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. A company may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as of its date of initial application. We adopted the new standard on May 1, 2019 and used the effective date as the date of initial application. Accordingly, previously reported financial information will not be updated, and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before May 1, 2019.&amp;#160; We expect to recognize operating lease liabilities ranging from approximately $175 to $185 million based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments for existing operating leases and ROU assets ranging from approximately $135 to $145 million on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Additionally, we are in the process of implementing a lease accounting system for our leases, including the conversion of our existing lease data to a new system and implementing relevant internal controls and procedures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;See Note 15, &amp;#8220;Commitment and Contingencies,&amp;#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of our operating leases and future commitments.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationBasisOfPresentationBusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
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  <!--Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure [Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:PensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 16 &amp;#8211; Retirement Plans&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We have retirement plans that cover substantially all employees. The plans generally provide for employee retirement between the ages 60 and 65, and benefits based on length of service and compensation, as defined.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Our Board of Directors approved plan amendments that froze the following retirement plans:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Retirement Plan for the Employees of John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Canada was frozen effective December 31, 2015;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Retirement Plan for the Employees of John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Ltd., a U.K. plan was frozen effective April 30, 2015 and;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;U.S. Employees&amp;#8217; Retirement Plan, Supplemental Benefit Plan, and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, were frozen effective June 30, 2013.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We maintain the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan for certain officers and senior management which provides for the payment of supplemental retirement benefits after the termination of employment for 10 years or in a lifetime annuity. Under certain circumstances, including a change of control as defined, the payment of such amounts could be accelerated on a present value basis. Future accrued benefits to this plan have been discontinued as noted above.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The components of net pension expense (income) for the defined benefit plans and the weighted average assumptions were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 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text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4.0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Rate of Compensation Increase&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;N/A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3.0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We adopted &lt;/font&gt;ASU 2017-07, &amp;#8220;Compensation&amp;#8212;Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,&amp;#8221; on May 1, 2018.&amp;#160; Refer to Note 2, "&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards&lt;/font&gt;," for more information. The guidance requires that the service cost component of net pension and postretirement benefit costs be reported in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. Such amounts are reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Income. The guidance requires that the other components of net benefit costs be reported separately from the service cost component and below operating income. Such amounts are reflected in Interest Income and Other on our Consolidated Statements of Income. We were required to retrospectively adopt this guidance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We announced a voluntary, limited-time opportunity for terminated vested employees who are participants in the U.S. Employees&amp;#8217; Retirement Plan of John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Inc. (the &amp;#8220;Pension Plan&amp;#8221;) to request early payment of their entire Pension Plan benefit in the form of a single lump sum payment. Eligible participants who wished to receive the lump sum payment were required to make an election by August 29, 2016. Approximately 780 eligible participants made the election to receive the lump sum totaling $28.3 million which was paid from pension plan assets in October 2016. Settlement accounting rules were applied, which resulted in a plan remeasurement and recognition of a pro-rata portion of unamortized net actuarial loss of $8.8 million which was recorded in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income in the year ended April 30, 2017.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation, and fair value of plan assets for the retirement plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were $794.2 million, $762.8 million and $621.9 million, respectively, as of April 30, 2019, and $820.4 million, $787.6 million, and $624.4 million, respectively, as of April 30, 2018.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Recognized Net Actuarial Loss for each fiscal year is calculated using the &amp;#8220;corridor method,&amp;#8221; which reflects the amortization of the net loss at the beginning of the fiscal year in excess of 10% of the greater of the market value of plan assets or the projected benefit obligation. The amortization period is based on the average expected life of plan participants.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of defined benefit postretirement plans, measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligation, on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.&amp;#160;The change in the funded status of the plan is recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Plan assets and obligations are measured at fair value as of our balance sheet date.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss that are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost during the next fiscal year are as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Non-U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Actuarial Loss&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,390&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,091&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6,481&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Prior Service Cost&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(154&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;82&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(72&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,236&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,173&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6,409&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table sets forth the changes in and the status of our defined benefit plans&amp;#8217; assets and benefit obligations:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Non-U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Non-U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;CHANGE IN PLAN ASSETS&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fair Value of Plan Assets, Beginning of Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;204,983&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(82,636&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(183,316&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Prior Service Cost Gains (Losses)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,408&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1,154&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,562&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(441&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(91,620&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(178,311&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(80,074&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(183,757&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive&amp;#160;Loss&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(11,546&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;5,446&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;WEIGHTED AVERAGE ASSUMPTIONS USED IN DETERMINING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; 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width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Rate of Compensation Increase&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;N/A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3.0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;N/A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3.0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accumulated Benefit Obligations&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(285,197&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(477,561&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(279,644&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(507,932&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Pension plan assets/investments:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The investment guidelines for the defined benefit pension plans are established based upon an evaluation of market conditions, plan liabilities, cash requirements for benefit payments, and tolerance for risk.&amp;#160;Investment guidelines include the use of actively and passively managed securities. The investment objective is to ensure that funds are available to meet the plans benefit obligations when they are due. The investment strategy is to invest in high quality and diversified equity and debt securities to achieve our long-term expectation. The plans&amp;#8217; risk management practices provide guidance to the investment managers, including guidelines for asset concentration, credit rating and liquidity.&amp;#160; Asset allocation favors a balanced portfolio, with a global aggregated target allocation of approximately 50% equity securities and 50% fixed income securities and cash.&amp;#160; Due to volatility in the market, the target allocation is not always desirable and asset allocations will fluctuate between acceptable ranges of plus or minus 5%. We regularly review the investment allocations and periodically rebalance investments to the target allocations. We categorize our pension assets into three levels based upon the assumptions (inputs) used to price the assets. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value, whereas Level 3 generally requires significant management judgment. The three levels are defined as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 27pt;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 27pt;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;Level 2: Observable inputs other than those included in Level 1.&amp;#160;For example, quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets in inactive markets.&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 27pt;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset.&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;We did not maintain any level 3 assets during the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018. In accordance with ASU 2015-07, &amp;#8220;Fair Value Measurement (&amp;#8220;Topic 820&amp;#8221;), certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value (&amp;#8220;NAV&amp;#8221;) per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient do not have to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. We adopted ASU 2015-07 in the year ended April 30, 2018 and it was applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The fair value amounts presented in the following tables are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented for the total pension benefit plan assets. The following tables set forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, pension plan assets at their fair value as of April 30:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Level 1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Level 2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Level 1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Level 2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;109,490&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;8,755&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; 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padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;213,628&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;405,998&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;408,249&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,762&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;417,686&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;419,448&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 28%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Plan Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,251&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;405,998&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;621,877&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,762&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;417,686&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;624,431&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Expected employer contributions to the defined benefit pension plans in the year ended April 30, 2020 will be approximately $17.0 million, including $11.7 million of minimum amounts required for our non-U.S. plans. From time to time, we may elect to make voluntary contributions to our defined benefit plans to improve their funded status. Included &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;in our defined benefit pension contributions for the year ended April 30, 2019 was a discretionary contribution of $10.0 million to the &lt;/font&gt;U.S. Employees' Retirement Plan of John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Inc.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Benefit payments to retirees from all defined benefit plans are expected to be the following in the fiscal year indicated:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; text-indent: -7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fiscal Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Non-U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2020&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;16,287&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;8,868&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;25,155&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2021&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;14,741&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;9,610&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;24,351&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2022&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;14,894&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;11,019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;25,913&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2023&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;15,259&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;11,433&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;26,692&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2024&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;15,436&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;12,097&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;27,533&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td rowspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 10%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160; 2025 &amp;#8211; 2029&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;76,053&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;71,732&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;147,785&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;152,670&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;124,759&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;277,429&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;We provide contributory life insurance and health care benefits, subject to certain dollar limitations, for substantially all of our eligible retired U.S. employees. The retiree health benefit is no longer available for any employee who retires after December 31, 2017. This resulted in a curtailment gain of $2.5 million which was recognized in the Operating and Administrative Expenses line item in our Consolidated Statement of Income in the year ended April 30, 2017. The cost of such benefits is expensed over the years the employee renders service and is not funded in advance. The accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, was $1.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Annual (credits) expenses for these plans for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were $(0.1) million, $(0.1) million and $(0.2) million, respectively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We have defined contribution savings plans. Our contribution is based on employee contributions and the level of our match. We may make discretionary contributions to all employees as a group. The expense recorded for these plans was approximately $13.1 million, $14.4 million, and $15.5 million in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:PensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitsDisclosureTextBlock>
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  <!--Preferred Stock, par value (in dollars per share)-->
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  <!--Preferred Stock, shares authorized (in shares)-->
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  <!--Preferred Stock, shares authorized (in shares)-->
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  <!--Preferred Stock, shares issued (in shares)-->
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  <!--Preferred Stock, shares issued (in shares)-->
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  <!--Preferred Stock, Value, Issued-->
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  <!--Preferred Stock, Value, Issued-->
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  <!--Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current-->
  <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">67441000</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
  <!--Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current-->
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  <!--Reclassifications-->
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  <!--Proceeds from Hedge, Investing Activities-->
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  <!--Proceeds from Hedge, Investing Activities-->
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities>
  <!--Proceeds from Hedge, Investing Activities-->
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">60417000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities>
  <!--Change in book overdrafts-->
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfBankOverdrafts contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-4191000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfBankOverdrafts>
  <!--Change in book overdrafts-->
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfBankOverdrafts contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-5674000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfBankOverdrafts>
  <!--Change in book overdrafts-->
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfBankOverdrafts contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-214000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfBankOverdrafts>
  <!--Borrowing of long-term debt-->
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebt contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">596320000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebt>
  <!--Borrowing of long-term debt-->
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebt contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">459304000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebt>
  <!--Borrowing of long-term debt-->
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebt contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">683000000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebt>
  <!--Net proceeds from exercise of stock options and other-->
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">29201000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
  <!--Net proceeds from exercise of stock options and other-->
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">3751000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
  <!--Net proceeds from exercise of stock options and other-->
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">15506000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
  <!--Estimated useful life-Maximum [Member]-Computer Hardware [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c20180501to20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_ComputerEquipmentMember_RangeAxis_MaximumMember">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
  <!--Estimated useful life-Maximum [Member]-Capitalized Software [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c20180501to20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_SoftwareDevelopmentMember_RangeAxis_MaximumMember">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
  <!--Estimated useful life-Enterprise Resource Planning and Related Systems [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c20180501to20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember">P10Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
  <!--Estimated useful life-Minimum [Member]-Book Composition Costs [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c20180501to20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_BookCompositionCostsMember_RangeAxis_MinimumMember">P1Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
  <!--Estimated useful life-Maximum [Member]-Software and Software Development Costs [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c20180501to20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_RangeAxis_MaximumMember">P10Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
  <!--Estimated useful life-Furniture, Fixtures and Warehouse Equipment [Member]-Maximum [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c20180501to20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember_RangeAxis_MaximumMember">P10Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
  <!--Estimated useful life-Minimum [Member]-Capitalized Software [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c20180501to20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_SoftwareDevelopmentMember_RangeAxis_MinimumMember">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
  <!--Estimated useful life-Weighted Average [Member]-Other Product Development Costs [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c20180501to20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember_RangeAxis_WeightedAverageMember">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
  <!--Estimated useful life-Book Composition Costs [Member]-Maximum [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c20180501to20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_BookCompositionCostsMember_RangeAxis_MaximumMember">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
  <!--Estimated useful life-Minimum [Member]-Computer Hardware [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c20180501to20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_ComputerEquipmentMember_RangeAxis_MinimumMember">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
  <!--Estimated useful life-Minimum [Member]-Software and Software Development Costs [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c20180501to20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_RangeAxis_MinimumMember">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
  <!--Estimated useful life-Minimum [Member]-Furniture, Fixtures and Warehouse Equipment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c20180501to20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember_RangeAxis_MinimumMember">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
  <!--Estimated useful life-Building and Leasehold Improvements [Member]-Maximum [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c20180501to20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_RangeAxis_MaximumMember">P40Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
  <!--Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 10 &amp;#8211; Technology, Property and Equipment&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Technology, property and equipment, net consisted of the following at April 30:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Capitalized Software&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;440,437&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;390,774&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Computer Hardware&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;68,718&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,493&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Buildings and Leasehold Improvements&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;118,685&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;121,381&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Furniture, Fixtures, and Warehouse Equipment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,471&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;60,869&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Land and Land Improvements&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,390&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,678&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;688,701&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;634,195&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(399,680&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(344,261&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;289,021&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;289,934&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table details our depreciation and amortization expense for technology, property and equipment, net for the years ended April 30:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Capitalized Software Amortization Expense&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;50,095&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;45,449&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48,343&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Depreciation and Amortization Expense, Excluding Capitalized Software&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;19,323&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;18,878&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;18,340&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Depreciation and Amortization Expense for Technology, Property and Equipment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;69,418&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;64,327&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;66,683&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Technology, property and equipment includes $2.3 million and zero of work-in-process as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, mainly for capitalized software.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The net book value of capitalized software costs was $200.2 million and $198.0 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock>
  <!--Technology, property and equipment, gross-Capitalized Software [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_SoftwareDevelopmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">440437000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
  <!--Technology, property and equipment, gross-Land and Land Improvements [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_LandAndLandImprovementsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">3390000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
  <!--Technology, property and equipment, gross-Furniture, Fixtures and Warehouse Equipment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">57471000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
  <!--Technology, property and equipment, gross-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">634195000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
  <!--Technology, property and equipment, gross-Building and Leasehold Improvements [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">118685000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
  <!--Technology, property and equipment, gross-Capitalized Software [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c20180430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_SoftwareDevelopmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">390774000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
  <!--Technology, property and equipment, gross-Computer Hardware [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_ComputerEquipmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">68718000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
  <!--Technology, property and equipment, gross-Building and Leasehold Improvements [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c20180430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">121381000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
  <!--Technology, property and equipment, gross-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">688701000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
  <!--Technology, property and equipment, gross-Computer Hardware [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c20180430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_ComputerEquipmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">57493000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
  <!--Technology, property and equipment, gross-Furniture, Fixtures and Warehouse Equipment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c20180430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">60869000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
  <!--Technology, property and equipment, gross-Land and Land Improvements [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c20180430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_LandAndLandImprovementsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">3678000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
  <!--Technology, Property and Equipment-->
  <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Technology, property and equipment, net consisted of the following at April 30:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Capitalized Software&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;440,437&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;390,774&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Computer Hardware&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;68,718&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,493&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Buildings and Leasehold Improvements&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;118,685&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;121,381&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Furniture, Fixtures, and Warehouse Equipment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,471&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;60,869&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Land and Land Improvements&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,390&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,678&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;688,701&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;634,195&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(399,680&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(344,261&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;289,021&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;289,934&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table details our depreciation and amortization expense for technology, property and equipment, net for the years ended April 30:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Capitalized Software Amortization Expense&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;50,095&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;45,449&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48,343&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Depreciation and Amortization Expense, Excluding Capitalized Software&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;19,323&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;18,878&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;18,340&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Depreciation and Amortization Expense for Technology, Property and Equipment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;69,418&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;64,327&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; 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border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;First Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;410.9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;First Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;285.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Second Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Third Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;305.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,245.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;First Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;36.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;12.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Second Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;80.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Third Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;50.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;65.4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fourth Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;80.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;72.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Year ended April 30,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;224.0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;231.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Net Income&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;First Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;26.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;9.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Second Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;43.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;60.0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Third Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;34.9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;63.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;54.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Year ended April 30,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;168.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;192.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Basic&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Diluted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Earnings Per Share &lt;sup&gt;(3)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;First Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.46&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.45&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Second Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.76&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.76&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.06&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.04&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Third Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.61&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.61&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.21&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.19&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fourth Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.95&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.93&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; 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width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3.32&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(1) &lt;/sup&gt;In connection with the acquisition of Learning House, we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to &amp;#8220;Change in Accounting Policy&amp;#8221; in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, &amp;#8220;Acquisition,&amp;#8221; for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(2) &lt;/sup&gt;Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, &amp;#8220;Compensation&amp;#8212;Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,&amp;#8221;, we reclassified total net benefits related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Refer to Note 2, &amp;#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards,&amp;#8221; for more information.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(3) &lt;/sup&gt;The sum of the quarterly earnings per share amounts may not agree to the respective annual amounts due to rounding.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:QuarterlyFinancialInformationTextBlock>
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  <us-gaap:RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 7 &amp;#8211; Restructuring and Related Charges&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we recorded pre-tax restructuring and related charges of $3.1 million, $28.6 million, and $13.4 million, respectively, which are reflected in the Restructuring and Related Charges line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income and described in more detail below:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Restructuring and Reinvestment Program:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Beginning in the year ended April 30, 2013, we initiated a global program (the &amp;#8220;Restructuring and Reinvestment Program&amp;#8221;) to restructure and realign our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. We are targeting a majority of the expected cost savings achieved to improve margins and earnings, while the remainder will be reinvested in high-growth digital business opportunities.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following tables summarize the pre-tax restructuring charges related to this program:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total Charges&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Incurred to Date&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Charges by Segment:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,131&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;5,257&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,949&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;26,544&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;650&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6,443&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,596&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;39,581&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;878&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,695&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,787&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;7,125&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Corporate Expenses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;459&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,171&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;28,566&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,355&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;169,628&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other Act&lt;/font&gt;ivities for the year ended April 30, 2019 reflect lease impairment related costs. The credits in Other Activities for the year ended April 30, 2018 mainly reflect changes in estimates for previously accrued restructuring charges related to facility lease reserves. &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other Activities for the year ended April 30, 2017 reflect facility relocation and lease impairment related costs.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table summarizes the activity for the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability for the year ended April 30, 2019:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Charges&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Payments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Foreign Translation &amp;amp; Other Adjustments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Severance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;17,279&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,456&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(13,388&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(460&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,887&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Consulting and Contract Termination Costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;526&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(223&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;303&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other Activities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,772&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,136&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1,608&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;244&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,544&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;20,051&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,118&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(15,219&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(216&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;7,734&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The charges above are net of changes in estimates for previously accrued restructuring charges. The restructuring liability for accrued severance costs of $4.9 million is reflected in Accrued Employment Costs on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The liability for Consulting and Contract Termination Costs is reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities. Approximately $1.1 million and $1.4 million of the Other Activities are included in Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities, respectively on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, and mainly relate to facility relocation and lease impairment related costs. We currently do not anticipate any further material charges related to the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The amount included in Other Long-Term Liabilities that relates to Other Activities is expected to be paid starting in 2021 until 2022.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock>
  <!--Retained earnings-->
  <us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1834057000</us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit>
  <!--Retained earnings-->
  <us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1931074000</us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit>
  <!--Retained earnings-ASU 2014-09 [Member]-Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect after Topic 606 [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit contextRef="c20180430_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1838560000</us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit>
  <!--Retained earnings-ASU 2014-09 [Member]-Effect of Change Higher/(Lower) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit contextRef="c20180430_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis_DifferenceBetweenRevenueGuidanceInEffectBeforeAndAfterTopic606Member" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">4503000</us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit>
  <!--Revenue, net-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1718530000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1796103000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1800069000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Professional Assessment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ProductOrServiceAxis_ProfessionalAssessmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">61094000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">288564000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-STM and Professional and Education Publishing [Member]-Solutions [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-STM and Professional and Education Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">287315000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Solutions [Member]-Corporate Learning [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CorporateLearningMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">65126000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Courseware (WileyPLUS) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ProductOrServiceAxis_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">59475000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Research segment [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-49">853489000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Test Preparation and Certification [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ProductOrServiceAxis_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">35534000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-50">633449000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Solutions [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-51">244060000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Online Program Management (Deltak) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">119131000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ProductOrServiceAxis_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">19066000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Journal Revenue [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Test Preparation and Certification [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ProductOrServiceAxis_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">35609000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Research segment [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-52">934395000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Professional Assessment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ProductOrServiceAxis_ProfessionalAssessmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">59868000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-Test Preparation and Certification [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Education Publishing [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_EducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">157579000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Corporate Learning [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CorporateLearningMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other (Research segment) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">181806000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Journal Revenue [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Education Publishing [Member]-Research segment [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_EducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Professional Assessment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_ProfessionalAssessmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">65889000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Open Access [Member]-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OpenAccessMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Journal Revenue [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Corporate Learning [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CorporateLearningMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">63835000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Test Preparation and Certification [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">40606000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Open Access [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OpenAccessMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Open Access [Member]-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OpenAccessMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Professional Assessment [Member]-Solutions [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">61094000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">574192000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-Test Preparation and Certification [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]-Research segment [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Corporate Learning [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ProductOrServiceAxis_CorporateLearningMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">63835000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-Journal Revenue [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Research segment [Member]-Courseware (WileyPLUS) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Research segment [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Corporate Learning [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CorporateLearningMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Solutions [Member]-Online Program Management (Deltak) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">157549000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Professional Assessment [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">65889000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Courseware (WileyPLUS) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Open Access [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OpenAccessMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">41997000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-STM and Professional and Education Publishing [Member]-Solutions [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Corporate Learning [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CorporateLearningMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">19066000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other (Research segment) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">164070000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other (Research segment) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Research segment [Member]-Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-53">617648000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other (Research segment) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Journal Revenue [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">661055000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Online Program Management (Deltak) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">111638000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Online Program Management (Deltak) [Member]-Research segment [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Education Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ProductOrServiceAxis_EducationPublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">196343000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Open Access [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OpenAccessMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">54671000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Education Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_EducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Online Program Management (Deltak) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">157549000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-Test Preparation and Certification [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Journal Revenue [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Professional Assessment [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other (Research segment) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">185619000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">32907000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Research segment [Member]-STM and Professional and Education Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Journal Revenue [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">639720000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-STM and Professional and Education Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">291255000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-STM and Professional and Education Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ProductOrServiceAxis_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">287315000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-STM and Professional and Education Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ProductOrServiceAxis_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">291255000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Education Publishing [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_EducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-STM and Professional and Education Publishing [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Professional Assessment [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other (Research segment) [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">164070000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Open Access [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OpenAccessMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">30633000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-Online Program Management (Deltak) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Professional Assessment [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">59868000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">46803000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Corporate Learning [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CorporateLearningMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">60086000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Test Preparation and Certification [Member]-Solutions [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Solutions [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Courseware (WileyPLUS) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other (Research segment) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Solutions [Member]-Education Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_EducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Research segment [Member]-Corporate Learning [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CorporateLearningMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-54">231592000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Courseware (WileyPLUS) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">59475000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">47894000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Test Preparation and Certification [Member]-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">35609000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Solutions [Member]-Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other (Research segment) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Courseware (WileyPLUS) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">63485000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Education Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_EducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">187178000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-STM and Professional and Education Publishing [Member]-Solutions [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Online Program Management (Deltak) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ProductOrServiceAxis_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">111638000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">35968000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Courseware (WileyPLUS) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">63485000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Open Access [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OpenAccessMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other (Research segment) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">185619000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Professional Assessment [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Research segment [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">937313000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-Journal Revenue [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">677685000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Open Access [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_OpenAccessMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">54671000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Corporate Learning [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_CorporateLearningMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">65126000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Research segment [Member]-STM and Professional and Education Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Open Access [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OpenAccessMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
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  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Online Program Management (Deltak) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Journal Revenue [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">661055000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Corporate Learning [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ProductOrServiceAxis_CorporateLearningMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">60086000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Research segment [Member]-Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">35968000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Solutions [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-Online Program Management (Deltak) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other (Research segment) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">181806000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Professional Assessment [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Journal Revenue [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">639720000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Online Program Management (Deltak) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Professional Assessment [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Education Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_EducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Open Access [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ProductOrServiceAxis_OpenAccessMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">41997000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Corporate Learning [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CorporateLearningMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Online Program Management (Deltak) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ProductOrServiceAxis_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">119131000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">47894000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Solutions [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Test Preparation and Certification [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Journal Revenue [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-STM and Professional and Education Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">265719000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other (Research segment) [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Solutions [Member]-Open Access [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OpenAccessMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ProductOrServiceAxis_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">32907000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Research segment [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Courseware (WileyPLUS) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other (Research segment) [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">48146000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-Education Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_EducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">196343000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">46803000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Test Preparation and Certification [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">40606000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Education Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_EducationPublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">157579000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Publishing [Member]-Professional Assessment [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Corporate Learning [Member]-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CorporateLearningMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Education Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ProductOrServiceAxis_EducationPublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">187178000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Publishing [Member]-STM and Professional and Education Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">265719000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">48146000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Journal Revenue [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">677685000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Courseware (WileyPLUS) [Member]-Publishing [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">62348000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Courseware (WileyPLUS) [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Research segment [Member]-Education Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_EducationPublishingMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Test Preparation and Certification [Member]-Publishing [Member]-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">35534000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Research segment [Member]-Online Program Management (Deltak) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Test Preparation and Certification [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_ResearchSegmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Open Access [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ProductOrServiceAxis_OpenAccessMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">30633000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember_ProductOrServiceAxis_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Courseware (WileyPLUS) [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ProductOrServiceAxis_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">62348000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Atypon Systems Inc [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_AtyponSystemsIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">32900000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Atypon Systems Inc [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_AtyponSystemsIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">19100000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">31500000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Atypon Systems Inc [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_AtyponSystemsIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">36000000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-55">1796103000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1800069000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Operating Segments [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_OperatingSegmentsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-56">1718530000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-INDIA-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_IN" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">36472000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Australia [Member]-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_AU" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">77453000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-FRANCE-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_FR" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">44760000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-UNITED KINGDOM-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_GB" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">150242000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-CHINA-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_CN" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">39653000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-INDIA-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20160501to20170430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_IN" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">34306000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-CHINA-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_CN" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">53076000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-Germany [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_DE" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">98404000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Canada [Member]-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_CA" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">50882000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-U.S. [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">932927000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-FRANCE-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_FR" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">51441000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-FRANCE-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_FR" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">51826000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-U.S. [Member]-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">913852000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-CHINA-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_CN" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">55024000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-JAPAN-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax contextRef="c20170501to20180430_ConsolidationItemsAxis_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_StatementGeographicalAxis_JP" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">81572000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
  <!--Revenue, net-Reportable Geographical Components [Member]-Other Countries [Member]-->
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  <!--Revenue, net-->
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  <!--Revenue, net-->
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  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Description of Revenue Generating Activities&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We generate our revenues from sales from our three reportable segments. We report our segment information in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 280, &amp;#8220;Segment Reporting&amp;#8221; (&amp;#8220;FASB ASC Topic 280&amp;#8221;).&amp;#160;Our segment reporting structure consists of three reportable segments, which are listed below, and a Corporate category:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Research,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing, and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Solutions.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Research Segment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Included within the Research segment are the following revenue streams:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Journal Subscriptions,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Open Access,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other, and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing Technology Services (Atypon).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Journal Subscriptions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We publish approximately 1,700 academic research journals. We sell journal subscriptions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;directly through our sales representatives, indirectly through independent subscription agents, through promotional campaigns, and through memberships in professional societies for those journals that are sponsored by societies. Journal subscriptions are primarily licensed through contracts for digital content available online through &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Wiley Online Library&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;, which we migrated to our &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Literatum &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;platform, acquired as part of our purchase of Atypon Systems, Inc. (&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#8220;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Atypon&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#8221;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;) in March 2018. Contracts are negotiated by us directly with customers or their subscription agents. Subscription periods typically cover calendar years. Print journals are generally mailed to subscribers directly from independent printers.&amp;#160;We do not own or manage printing facilities.&amp;#160;Subscription revenue is generally collected in advance.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In a &lt;/font&gt;typical journal subscription sale, there is a written agreement between us and our customer that cover multiple years.&amp;#160; However, we typically account for these agreements as one-year contracts because our enforceable rights under the agreements are subject to an annual confirmation and negotiation process with the customer.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In journal subscriptions, multiple performance obligations exist, which include a stand-ready promise to provide access to new content for one year and a perpetual license for access to historical journal content. The transaction price consists of fixed consideration.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We allocate revenue to the stand-ready promise to provide access to new content for one year based on its standalone selling price and the revenue for new content is recognized over time as we have a continuous stand-ready obligation to provide the right of access to additional intellectual property. The allocation of revenue to the perpetual licenses for access to historical journal content is done using the expected cost plus a margin approach as permitted by the new revenue standard. Revenue is recognized at the point in time when access to historical content is initially granted.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Open Access&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Under the Author-Funded Access business model, accepted research articles are published subject to payment of Article Publication Charges (&amp;#8220;APCs&amp;#8221;). All Author-Funded articles are immediately free to access online. Contributors of Author-Funded Access articles retain many rights and typically license their work under terms that permit re-use. Author-Funded Access offers authors choices in how to share and disseminate their work, and it serves the needs of researchers who may be required by their research funder to make articles freely accessible without embargo. APCs are typically paid by the individual author or by the author&amp;#8217;s funder, and payments are often mediated by the author&amp;#8217;s institution. We provide specific workflows and infrastructure to authors, funders and institutions to support the requirements of the Author-Funded Access model.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Customers in open access are typically individual educational institutions or a consortium of universities. Under the Author-Funded Access model, we have a signed contract with the customer that contains enforceable rights.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Author-Funded Access model in a typical model includes an over-time single performance obligation that combines a promise to host the customer&amp;#8217;s content on our open access platform, and a promise to provide a discount on APCs of eligible users (as defined in the contract) in exchange for an upfront payment. Enforceable right to payment occurs over time as we fulfill our obligation to provide a discount to eligible users, as defined, on future APCs. Therefore, the upfront payment is deferred and recognized over time.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In January 2019, Wiley announced a new contractual arrangement in support of Open Access, a countrywide partnership agreement with Projekt DEAL, a representative of nearly 700 academic institutions in Germany. This transformative three-year agreement provides all Projekt DEAL institutions with access to read Wiley&amp;#8217;s academic journals back to the year 1997, and researchers at Projekt DEAL institutions can publish articles open access in Wiley&amp;#8217;s journals. The partnership will better support institutions and researchers in advancing open science, driving discovery, and developing and disseminating knowledge. We are compensated primarily through a fee per article published.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other includes advertising, backfile sales, the licensing of publishing rights, journal and article reprints, and individual article sales.&amp;#160;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;A backfile&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;license provides access to a historical collection of Wiley journals, generally for a one-time fee.&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Within Licensing, the revenue derived from these contracts is primarily comprised of advance payments, including minimum guarantees and sales- or usage-based royalty agreements. For our sales-or usage-based royalty agreements, we recognize revenue in the period of usage based on the amounts earned. We record revenue under these arrangements for the amounts due and not yet reported to us based on estimates of the sales or usage of these customers and pursuant to the terms of the contracts. We also have certain licenses whereby we receive a non-refundable minimum guarantee against a volume-based royalty throughout the term of the agreement. We recognize revenue for the minimum guarantee on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement because of the stand-ready promise to provide updates during the subscription period. We recognize volume-based royalty income only when cumulative consideration exceeds the minimum guarantee.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Reprints contracts generally contain a single performance obligation which is the delivery of printed articles. Revenue is recognized at the time of delivery of the printed articles.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;For Backfiles, the performance obligation is the granting of a functional intellectual property license. Revenue is recognized at the time the functional intellectual property license is granted.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other includes our Article Select offering, whereby we have a single performance obligation to our customers to give access to an article through the purchase of a token. The customer redeems the token for access to the article for a 24-hour period. The customer purchases the tokens with an upfront cash payment. Revenue is recognized when access to the article is provided.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Publishing Technology Services (Atypon)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Atypon is a publishing software and service provider that enables scholarly and professional societies and publishers to deliver, host, enhance, market, and manage their content on the web through the &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Literatum&lt;/font&gt; platform.&amp;#160;The duration of these contracts is generally multi-year ranging from 2-5 years. Atypon contracts typically include a single performance obligation for the implementation and hosting subscription services. The transaction price is fixed which may include price escalators that are fixed increases per year, and therefore, revenue is recognized upon the initiation of the subscription period and straight-lined over the contract period.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing Segment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Included within the Publishing segment are the following revenue streams:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) and Professional Publishing,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Education Publishing,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Courseware (WileyPLUS),&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Test Preparation and Certification, and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) and Professional Publishing and Education Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;STM books are sold and distributed globally in digital and print formats through multiple channels, including research libraries and library consortia, independent subscription agents, direct sales to professional society members, bookstores, online booksellers, and other customers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Professional books, which include business and finance, technology, and other professional categories, as well as the &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;For Dummies &lt;/font&gt;brand, are sold to bookstores and online booksellers serving the general public, wholesalers who supply such bookstores, warehouse clubs, college bookstores, individual practitioners, industrial organizations and government agencies. We employ sales representatives who call upon independent bookstores, national and regional chain bookstores, and wholesalers. Sales of professional books also result from direct mail campaigns, telemarketing, online access, advertising, and reviews in periodicals.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Education textbooks and related supplementary material and digital products are sold primarily to bookstores and online booksellers serving both for-profit and nonprofit educational institutions (primarily colleges and universities), and direct-to-students. We employ sales representatives who call on faculty responsible for selecting books to be used in courses, and on the bookstores that serve such institutions and their students. The textbook business is seasonal, with the majority of textbook sales occurring during the July-through-October and December-through-January periods. Book sales for STM, Professional and Education Publishing are generally made on a returnable basis with certain restrictions.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Our performance obligations as it relates to STM, Professional and Education Publishing are primarily book products delivered in both print and digital form which could include a single or multiple performance obligations based on the number of International Standard Book Number (&amp;#8220;ISBN&amp;#8217;s&amp;#8221;) purchased.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;This revenue stream also includes variable consideration as it relates to discounts and returns for both print and digital books.&amp;#160; Discounts are identifiable by performance obligation and therefore are applied at the point of sale by performance obligation. The process that we use to determine our sales returns and the related reserve provision charged against revenue is based on applying an estimated return rate to current year returnable print book sales. This rate is based upon an analysis of actual historical return experience in the various markets and geographic regions in which we do business. We collect, maintain and analyze significant amounts of sales returns data for large volumes of homogeneous transactions. This allows us to make reasonable estimates of the amount of future returns. All available data is utilized to identify the returns by market and to which fiscal year the sales returns apply. This enables management to track the returns in detail and identify and react to trends occurring in the marketplace, with the objective of being able to make the most informed judgments possible in setting reserve rates. Associated with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related reduction in inventory and royalty costs as a result of the expected returns.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;As it relates to print and digital books within the STM, Professional and Education Publishing, revenue is recognized at the point when control of product transfers, which for print is upon shipment or for digital when fulfillment of the products has been rendered.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Courseware (WileyPLUS)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We offer high-quality online learning solutions, including WileyPLUS, a research-based, online environment for effective teaching and learning that is integrated with a complete digital textbook. Courseware customers purchase access codes to utilize the product.&amp;#160; This could include a single or multiple performance obligations based on the number of course ISBN&amp;#8217;s purchased. Revenue is recognized when the access codes are activated and then over the applicable semester term such product relates to.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Test Preparation and Certification&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Test Preparation and Certification business represents learning solutions, training activities and print and digital formats that are delivered to customers directly through online digital delivery platforms, bookstores, online booksellers, and other customers.&amp;#160;Products include CPAExcel, a modular, digital platform comprised of online self-study, videos, mobile apps, and sophisticated planning tools to help professionals prepare for the CPA exam, and test preparation products for the CFA&amp;#174;, CMA, CIA&amp;#174;, CMT&amp;#174;, FRN&amp;#174;, FINRA, Banking, and PMP&amp;#174; exams.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Test Preparation and Certification contracts are generally three-year agreements. This revenue stream includes multiple performance obligations as it relates to the on-line and printed course materials, including such items as text books, e-books, video lectures, flashcards, study guides and test banks. The transaction price is fixed; however, discounts are offered and returns of certain products are allowed. We allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price.&amp;#160; Depending on the performance obligation, revenue is recognized at the time the product is delivered and control has passed to the customer or over time due to our stand-ready obligation to provide updates to the customer.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Licensing and distribution services are made available to other publishers under agency arrangements. We also engage in co-publishing titles with international publishers and receive licensing revenue from photocopies, reproductions, translations, and digital uses of our content. Wiley also realizes advertising revenue from branded Web sites (e.g., Dummies.com, etc.) and online applications. Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other contracts are generally multi-year agreements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Revenue derived from our licensing contracts is primarily comprised of advance payments and sales- or usage-based royalties. Revenue for advance payments is recognized at the point in time that the functional intellectual property license is granted. For sales- or usage- based royalties, we record revenue under these arrangements for the amounts due and not yet reported to us based on estimates of the sales or usage of these customers and pursuant to the terms of the contracts.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Solutions Segment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Included within the Solutions segment are the following revenue streams:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Education Services,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Professional Assessment, and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Corporate Learning.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Education Services&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;As student demand for online degree and certificate programs continues to increase, traditional institutions are partnering with o&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;nline program management &lt;/font&gt;providers to develop and support these programs. Education Services include market research, marketing, student recruitment, enrollment support, proactive retention support, academic services to design courses, faculty support, and access to the Engage Learning Management System, which facilitates the online education experience. Revenue is derived from pre-negotiated contracts with institutions that provide for a share of tuition generated from students who enroll in a program. The duration of Education Services contracts are generally multi-year agreements ranging from a period of 7-10 years, with some having optional renewal periods.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Education Services includes a single performance obligation for the services provided because of the integrated technology and services our institutional clients need to attract, enroll, educate and support students. Consideration is variable since it is based on the number of students enrolled in a program. We begin to recognize revenue at the start of the delivery of the class within a semester, which is also when the variable consideration contingency is resolved.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Professional Assessment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Our Professional Assessment services include pre-hire screening and post-hire personality assessments, which are delivered to business customers through online digital delivery platforms, either directly or through an authorized distributor network of independent consultants, trainers, and coaches. Professional Assessment services contracts are generally one year.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Professional Assessment includes a performance obligation to stand ready to provide assessments to our distributor&amp;#8217;s customers or to provide assessments direct to a customer. Revenue for Professional Assessments is recognized at the time the product or service is provided or delivered. Consideration is allocated to assessments based on standalone selling prices. In addition, as it relates to Professional Assessments customers' unexercised rights for situations where we have received a nonrefundable payment for a customer to receive a good or service and the customer is not expected to exercise such right, we will recognize such &amp;#8220;breakage&amp;#8221; amounts as revenue in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Corporate Learning&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Corporate Learning business offers online learning and training solutions for global corporations, universities, and small and medium-sized enterprises, which are sold on a subscription or fee basis. Learning formats and modules on topics such as leadership development, value creation, client orientation, change management and corporate strategy are delivered on a cloud-based Learning Management System (&amp;#8220;LMS&amp;#8221;) platform that hosts over 20,000 content assets (videos, digital learning modules, written files, etc.) in 17 languages. Its Mohive offering also provides a collaborative e-learning publishing and program creation system.&amp;#160;Revenue growth is derived from legacy markets, such as France, England, and other European markets, and newer markets, such as the U.S. and Brazil. In addition, content and LMS offerings are continuously refreshed and expanded to serve a wider variety of customer needs. &lt;/font&gt;These digital learning solutions are sold directly to corporate customers either direct or through our partners. Corporate Learning contracts are generally multi-year agreements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The transaction price consists of fixed consideration that is determined at the beginning of each year and received at the same time. Within Corporate Learning there are multiple performance obligations which includes the licenses to learning content and the learning application. Revenue is recognized over time as we have a continuous obligation to provide the right of access to the intellectual property which includes the licenses and learning applications.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"&gt;Accounts Receivable, net and Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) Balances&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;When consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract, a contract liability is recorded. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when, or as, control of the products or services are transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock>
  <!--Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers-->
  <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 3 &lt;/font&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using a five-step model consisting of the following: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. Performance obligations are satisfied when we transfer control of a good or service to a customer, which can occur over time or at a point in time. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, including the expected value of variable consideration. The customer&amp;#8217;s ability and intent to pay the transaction price is assessed in determining whether a contract exists with the customer. If collectability of substantially all the consideration in a contract is not probable, consideration received is not recognized as revenue unless the consideration is nonrefundable, and we no longer have an obligation to transfer additional goods or services to the customer or collectability becomes probable.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Disaggregation of Revenue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following tables present our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="46" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Years Ended April 30,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Research:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 16%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Journals Subscriptions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;661,055&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;661,055&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;677,685&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;574,192&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;288,564&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,800,069&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;934,395&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;617,648&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;244,060&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,796,103&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;853,489&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;633,449&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;231,592&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,718,530&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Description of Revenue Generating Activities&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We generate our revenues from sales from our three reportable segments. We report our segment information in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 280, &amp;#8220;Segment Reporting&amp;#8221; (&amp;#8220;FASB ASC Topic 280&amp;#8221;).&amp;#160;Our segment reporting structure consists of three reportable segments, which are listed below, and a Corporate category:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Research,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing, and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Solutions.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Research Segment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Included within the Research segment are the following revenue streams:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Journal Subscriptions,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Open Access,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other, and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing Technology Services (Atypon).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Journal Subscriptions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We publish approximately 1,700 academic research journals. We sell journal subscriptions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;directly through our sales representatives, indirectly through independent subscription agents, through promotional campaigns, and through memberships in professional societies for those journals that are sponsored by societies. Journal subscriptions are primarily licensed through contracts for digital content available online through &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Wiley Online Library&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;, which we migrated to our &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Literatum &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;platform, acquired as part of our purchase of Atypon Systems, Inc. (&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#8220;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Atypon&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#8221;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;) in March 2018. Contracts are negotiated by us directly with customers or their subscription agents. Subscription periods typically cover calendar years. Print journals are generally mailed to subscribers directly from independent printers.&amp;#160;We do not own or manage printing facilities.&amp;#160;Subscription revenue is generally collected in advance.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In a &lt;/font&gt;typical journal subscription sale, there is a written agreement between us and our customer that cover multiple years.&amp;#160; However, we typically account for these agreements as one-year contracts because our enforceable rights under the agreements are subject to an annual confirmation and negotiation process with the customer.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In journal subscriptions, multiple performance obligations exist, which include a stand-ready promise to provide access to new content for one year and a perpetual license for access to historical journal content. The transaction price consists of fixed consideration.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We allocate revenue to the stand-ready promise to provide access to new content for one year based on its standalone selling price and the revenue for new content is recognized over time as we have a continuous stand-ready obligation to provide the right of access to additional intellectual property. The allocation of revenue to the perpetual licenses for access to historical journal content is done using the expected cost plus a margin approach as permitted by the new revenue standard. Revenue is recognized at the point in time when access to historical content is initially granted.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Open Access&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Under the Author-Funded Access business model, accepted research articles are published subject to payment of Article Publication Charges (&amp;#8220;APCs&amp;#8221;). All Author-Funded articles are immediately free to access online. Contributors of Author-Funded Access articles retain many rights and typically license their work under terms that permit re-use. Author-Funded Access offers authors choices in how to share and disseminate their work, and it serves the needs of researchers who may be required by their research funder to make articles freely accessible without embargo. APCs are typically paid by the individual author or by the author&amp;#8217;s funder, and payments are often mediated by the author&amp;#8217;s institution. We provide specific workflows and infrastructure to authors, funders and institutions to support the requirements of the Author-Funded Access model.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Customers in open access are typically individual educational institutions or a consortium of universities. Under the Author-Funded Access model, we have a signed contract with the customer that contains enforceable rights.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Author-Funded Access model in a typical model includes an over-time single performance obligation that combines a promise to host the customer&amp;#8217;s content on our open access platform, and a promise to provide a discount on APCs of eligible users (as defined in the contract) in exchange for an upfront payment. Enforceable right to payment occurs over time as we fulfill our obligation to provide a discount to eligible users, as defined, on future APCs. Therefore, the upfront payment is deferred and recognized over time.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In January 2019, Wiley announced a new contractual arrangement in support of Open Access, a countrywide partnership agreement with Projekt DEAL, a representative of nearly 700 academic institutions in Germany. This transformative three-year agreement provides all Projekt DEAL institutions with access to read Wiley&amp;#8217;s academic journals back to the year 1997, and researchers at Projekt DEAL institutions can publish articles open access in Wiley&amp;#8217;s journals. The partnership will better support institutions and researchers in advancing open science, driving discovery, and developing and disseminating knowledge. We are compensated primarily through a fee per article published.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other includes advertising, backfile sales, the licensing of publishing rights, journal and article reprints, and individual article sales.&amp;#160;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;A backfile&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;license provides access to a historical collection of Wiley journals, generally for a one-time fee.&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Within Licensing, the revenue derived from these contracts is primarily comprised of advance payments, including minimum guarantees and sales- or usage-based royalty agreements. For our sales-or usage-based royalty agreements, we recognize revenue in the period of usage based on the amounts earned. We record revenue under these arrangements for the amounts due and not yet reported to us based on estimates of the sales or usage of these customers and pursuant to the terms of the contracts. We also have certain licenses whereby we receive a non-refundable minimum guarantee against a volume-based royalty throughout the term of the agreement. We recognize revenue for the minimum guarantee on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement because of the stand-ready promise to provide updates during the subscription period. We recognize volume-based royalty income only when cumulative consideration exceeds the minimum guarantee.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Reprints contracts generally contain a single performance obligation which is the delivery of printed articles. Revenue is recognized at the time of delivery of the printed articles.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;For Backfiles, the performance obligation is the granting of a functional intellectual property license. Revenue is recognized at the time the functional intellectual property license is granted.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other includes our Article Select offering, whereby we have a single performance obligation to our customers to give access to an article through the purchase of a token. The customer redeems the token for access to the article for a 24-hour period. The customer purchases the tokens with an upfront cash payment. Revenue is recognized when access to the article is provided.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Publishing Technology Services (Atypon)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Atypon is a publishing software and service provider that enables scholarly and professional societies and publishers to deliver, host, enhance, market, and manage their content on the web through the &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Literatum&lt;/font&gt; platform.&amp;#160;The duration of these contracts is generally multi-year ranging from 2-5 years. Atypon contracts typically include a single performance obligation for the implementation and hosting subscription services. The transaction price is fixed which may include price escalators that are fixed increases per year, and therefore, revenue is recognized upon the initiation of the subscription period and straight-lined over the contract period.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing Segment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Included within the Publishing segment are the following revenue streams:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) and Professional Publishing,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Education Publishing,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Courseware (WileyPLUS),&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Test Preparation and Certification, and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) and Professional Publishing and Education Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;STM books are sold and distributed globally in digital and print formats through multiple channels, including research libraries and library consortia, independent subscription agents, direct sales to professional society members, bookstores, online booksellers, and other customers.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Professional books, which include business and finance, technology, and other professional categories, as well as the &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;For Dummies &lt;/font&gt;brand, are sold to bookstores and online booksellers serving the general public, wholesalers who supply such bookstores, warehouse clubs, college bookstores, individual practitioners, industrial organizations and government agencies. We employ sales representatives who call upon independent bookstores, national and regional chain bookstores, and wholesalers. Sales of professional books also result from direct mail campaigns, telemarketing, online access, advertising, and reviews in periodicals.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Education textbooks and related supplementary material and digital products are sold primarily to bookstores and online booksellers serving both for-profit and nonprofit educational institutions (primarily colleges and universities), and direct-to-students. We employ sales representatives who call on faculty responsible for selecting books to be used in courses, and on the bookstores that serve such institutions and their students. The textbook business is seasonal, with the majority of textbook sales occurring during the July-through-October and December-through-January periods. Book sales for STM, Professional and Education Publishing are generally made on a returnable basis with certain restrictions.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Our performance obligations as it relates to STM, Professional and Education Publishing are primarily book products delivered in both print and digital form which could include a single or multiple performance obligations based on the number of International Standard Book Number (&amp;#8220;ISBN&amp;#8217;s&amp;#8221;) purchased.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;This revenue stream also includes variable consideration as it relates to discounts and returns for both print and digital books.&amp;#160; Discounts are identifiable by performance obligation and therefore are applied at the point of sale by performance obligation. The process that we use to determine our sales returns and the related reserve provision charged against revenue is based on applying an estimated return rate to current year returnable print book sales. This rate is based upon an analysis of actual historical return experience in the various markets and geographic regions in which we do business. We collect, maintain and analyze significant amounts of sales returns data for large volumes of homogeneous transactions. This allows us to make reasonable estimates of the amount of future returns. All available data is utilized to identify the returns by market and to which fiscal year the sales returns apply. This enables management to track the returns in detail and identify and react to trends occurring in the marketplace, with the objective of being able to make the most informed judgments possible in setting reserve rates. Associated with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related reduction in inventory and royalty costs as a result of the expected returns.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;As it relates to print and digital books within the STM, Professional and Education Publishing, revenue is recognized at the point when control of product transfers, which for print is upon shipment or for digital when fulfillment of the products has been rendered.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Courseware (WileyPLUS)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We offer high-quality online learning solutions, including WileyPLUS, a research-based, online environment for effective teaching and learning that is integrated with a complete digital textbook. Courseware customers purchase access codes to utilize the product.&amp;#160; This could include a single or multiple performance obligations based on the number of course ISBN&amp;#8217;s purchased. Revenue is recognized when the access codes are activated and then over the applicable semester term such product relates to.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Test Preparation and Certification&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Test Preparation and Certification business represents learning solutions, training activities and print and digital formats that are delivered to customers directly through online digital delivery platforms, bookstores, online booksellers, and other customers.&amp;#160;Products include CPAExcel, a modular, digital platform comprised of online self-study, videos, mobile apps, and sophisticated planning tools to help professionals prepare for the CPA exam, and test preparation products for the CFA&amp;#174;, CMA, CIA&amp;#174;, CMT&amp;#174;, FRN&amp;#174;, FINRA, Banking, and PMP&amp;#174; exams.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Test Preparation and Certification contracts are generally three-year agreements. This revenue stream includes multiple performance obligations as it relates to the on-line and printed course materials, including such items as text books, e-books, video lectures, flashcards, study guides and test banks. The transaction price is fixed; however, discounts are offered and returns of certain products are allowed. We allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price.&amp;#160; Depending on the performance obligation, revenue is recognized at the time the product is delivered and control has passed to the customer or over time due to our stand-ready obligation to provide updates to the customer.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Licensing and distribution services are made available to other publishers under agency arrangements. We also engage in co-publishing titles with international publishers and receive licensing revenue from photocopies, reproductions, translations, and digital uses of our content. Wiley also realizes advertising revenue from branded Web sites (e.g., Dummies.com, etc.) and online applications. Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other contracts are generally multi-year agreements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Revenue derived from our licensing contracts is primarily comprised of advance payments and sales- or usage-based royalties. Revenue for advance payments is recognized at the point in time that the functional intellectual property license is granted. For sales- or usage- based royalties, we record revenue under these arrangements for the amounts due and not yet reported to us based on estimates of the sales or usage of these customers and pursuant to the terms of the contracts.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Solutions Segment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Included within the Solutions segment are the following revenue streams:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Education Services,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Professional Assessment, and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#9679;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Corporate Learning.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Education Services&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;As student demand for online degree and certificate programs continues to increase, traditional institutions are partnering with o&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;nline program management &lt;/font&gt;providers to develop and support these programs. Education Services include market research, marketing, student recruitment, enrollment support, proactive retention support, academic services to design courses, faculty support, and access to the Engage Learning Management System, which facilitates the online education experience. Revenue is derived from pre-negotiated contracts with institutions that provide for a share of tuition generated from students who enroll in a program. The duration of Education Services contracts are generally multi-year agreements ranging from a period of 7-10 years, with some having optional renewal periods.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Education Services includes a single performance obligation for the services provided because of the integrated technology and services our institutional clients need to attract, enroll, educate and support students. Consideration is variable since it is based on the number of students enrolled in a program. We begin to recognize revenue at the start of the delivery of the class within a semester, which is also when the variable consideration contingency is resolved.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Professional Assessment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Our Professional Assessment services include pre-hire screening and post-hire personality assessments, which are delivered to business customers through online digital delivery platforms, either directly or through an authorized distributor network of independent consultants, trainers, and coaches. Professional Assessment services contracts are generally one year.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Professional Assessment includes a performance obligation to stand ready to provide assessments to our distributor&amp;#8217;s customers or to provide assessments direct to a customer. Revenue for Professional Assessments is recognized at the time the product or service is provided or delivered. Consideration is allocated to assessments based on standalone selling prices. In addition, as it relates to Professional Assessments customers' unexercised rights for situations where we have received a nonrefundable payment for a customer to receive a good or service and the customer is not expected to exercise such right, we will recognize such &amp;#8220;breakage&amp;#8221; amounts as revenue in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;"&gt;Corporate Learning&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The Corporate Learning business offers online learning and training solutions for global corporations, universities, and small and medium-sized enterprises, which are sold on a subscription or fee basis. Learning formats and modules on topics such as leadership development, value creation, client orientation, change management and corporate strategy are delivered on a cloud-based Learning Management System (&amp;#8220;LMS&amp;#8221;) platform that hosts over 20,000 content assets (videos, digital learning modules, written files, etc.) in 17 languages. Its Mohive offering also provides a collaborative e-learning publishing and program creation system.&amp;#160;Revenue growth is derived from legacy markets, such as France, England, and other European markets, and newer markets, such as the U.S. and Brazil. In addition, content and LMS offerings are continuously refreshed and expanded to serve a wider variety of customer needs. &lt;/font&gt;These digital learning solutions are sold directly to corporate customers either direct or through our partners. Corporate Learning contracts are generally multi-year agreements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The transaction price consists of fixed consideration that is determined at the beginning of each year and received at the same time. Within Corporate Learning there are multiple performance obligations which includes the licenses to learning content and the learning application. Revenue is recognized over time as we have a continuous obligation to provide the right of access to the intellectual property which includes the licenses and learning applications.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"&gt;Accounts Receivable, net and Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) Balances&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;When consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract, a contract liability is recorded. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when, or as, control of the products or services are transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2018 &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Increase/&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(Decrease)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Balances from contracts with customers:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 17.75pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net &lt;sup&gt;(2)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;294,867&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;212,377&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;82,490&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 17.75pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Contract liability (Deferred revenue) &lt;sup&gt;(2)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;507,365&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;486,353&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21,012&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Contract liability (Deferred revenue) (included in Other Long-Term Liabilities)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;10,722&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;10,722&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.85pt; margin-left: 8.85pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.85pt; margin-left: 8.85pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(1) &lt;/sup&gt;As noted above, prior period amounts have not been adjusted due to adoption of the new revenue standard under the modified retrospective method.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.85pt; margin-left: 8.85pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.85pt; margin-left: 8.85pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(2) &lt;/sup&gt;Due to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, it was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. At April 30, 2018 the sales return reserve was &lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$28.3 million.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Revenue recognized for the year ended April 30, 2019 relating to the contract liability at April 30, 2018 after the adjustments for the adoption of the new revenue standard on May 1, 2018 was $530.4 million.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Remaining Performance Obligations included in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;As of April 30, 2019, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations is approximately $518.1 million, which included the sales return reserve of $25.9 million. Excluding the sales return reserve, we expect that approximately $481.5 million will be recognized in the next twelve months with the remaining $10.7 million to be recognized thereafter.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"&gt;Assets Recognized for the Costs to Fulfill a Contract&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Costs to fulfill a contract are directly related to a contract that will be used to satisfy a performance obligation in the future and are expected to be recovered. These types of costs are incurred in the following revenue streams, (1) &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) and (2) Education Services.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Our assets associated with incremental costs to fulfill a contract were $8.9 million at April 30, 2019 and are included within Other Non-Current Assets on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. We recorded amortization expense of $2.6 million during the year ended April 30, 2019 related to these assets within Cost of Sales on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The costs related to Education Services were previously included in Product Development Assets on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Certain costs related to &lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) were previously included in &lt;/font&gt;Technology, Property and Equipment, net on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Sales and value-added taxes are excluded from revenues. Shipping and handling costs, which are primarily incurred within the Publishing segment, occur before the transfer of control of the related goods. Therefore, in accordance with the new revenue standard, it is not considered a promised service to the customer and would be considered a cost to fulfill our promise to transfer the goods. Costs incurred for third party shipping and handling are primarily reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. We incurred $32.7 million, $33.7 million, and $39.1 million in shipping and handling costs in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 respectively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock>
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  <us-gaap:ScheduleofFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Based on the current amount of intangible assets subject to amortization and assuming current foreign exchange rates, the estimated amortization expense for the following years are as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Fiscal Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Amount&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2020&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;50,419&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2021&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48,517&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2022&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;44,115&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2023&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;40,305&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2024&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;37,929&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;427,155&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;648,440&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleofFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock>
  <!--Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Inventories, net at April 30 were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Finished Goods&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;33,736&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;36,503&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Work-in-Process&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,094&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,139&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Paper and Other Materials&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;373&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;550&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;36,203&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;39,192&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Inventory Value of Estimated Sales Returns&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,739&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,626&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;LIFO Reserve&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(4,360&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(4,329&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Inventories&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;35,582&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;39,489&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock>
  <!--Expected Future Benefit Payments-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfExpectedBenefitPaymentsTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Benefit payments to retirees from all defined benefit plans are expected to be the following in the fiscal year indicated:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; text-indent: -7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fiscal Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Non-U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px; width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2020&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;16,287&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;8,868&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;25,155&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2021&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;14,741&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;9,610&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;24,351&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2022&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;14,894&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;11,019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;25,913&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2023&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;15,259&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;11,433&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;26,692&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2024&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;15,436&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;12,097&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;27,533&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td rowspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 10%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160; 2025 &amp;#8211; 2029&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;76,053&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;71,732&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;147,785&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 10%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;152,670&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;124,759&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 9%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;277,429&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); width: 1%;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfExpectedBenefitPaymentsTableTextBlock>
  <!--Quarterly Financial Information [Table Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfQuarterlyFinancialInformationTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Amounts in millions, except per share data&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Revenue, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;First Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;410.9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;411.4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Second Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;448.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;451.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Third Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;449.4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;455.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fourth Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;491.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;477.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Year ended April 30,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,800.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,796.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Gross Profit &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;First Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;283.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;285.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Second Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;316.0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;319.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Third Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;305.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;319.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fourth Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;340.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;340.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Year ended April 30,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,245.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,265.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Operating Income &lt;sup&gt;(2)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;First Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;36.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;12.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Second Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;80.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Third Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;50.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;65.4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fourth Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;80.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;72.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Year ended April 30,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;224.0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;231.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; 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text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;First Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Second Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;43.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;60.0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Third Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;34.9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;68.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fourth Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;63.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;54.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Year ended April 30,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;168.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;192.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Basic&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Diluted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Earnings Per Share &lt;sup&gt;(3)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;First Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.46&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.45&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Second Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.76&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.06&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.04&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Third Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.61&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.61&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.21&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.19&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fourth Quarter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.10&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.95&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.93&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Year ended April 30,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.94&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.91&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3.37&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3.32&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(1) &lt;/sup&gt;In connection with the acquisition of Learning House, we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to &amp;#8220;Change in Accounting Policy&amp;#8221; in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, &amp;#8220;Acquisition,&amp;#8221; for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(2) &lt;/sup&gt;Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, &amp;#8220;Compensation&amp;#8212;Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,&amp;#8221;, we reclassified total net benefits related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Refer to Note 2, &amp;#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards,&amp;#8221; for more information.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(3) &lt;/sup&gt;The sum of the quarterly earnings per share amounts may not agree to the respective annual amounts due to rounding.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfQuarterlyFinancialInformationTableTextBlock>
  <!--Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Our effective income tax rate as a percentage of pretax income differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate as shown below:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;U.S. Federal Statutory Rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21.0%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;30.4%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;35.0%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;German Tax Litigation Expense&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;25.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Cost (Benefit) of Higher (Lower) Taxes on Non-U.S. Income&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(8.4)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(12.7)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;State Income Taxes, net of U.S. Federal Tax Benefit&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1.3)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.4&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Deferred Tax (Benefit) from U.S. Tax Reform Rate Change&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(11.7)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Deferred Tax Benefit from U.K. Statutory Tax Rate Change&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1.3)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Tax Credits and Related Benefits&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(0.8)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1.7)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(6.2)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Tax Adjustments and Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(0.1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Effective Income Tax Rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21.0%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;10.2%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;40.5%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;A substantial portion of our 2019 income was earned outside the U.S. in jurisdictions with different statutory income tax rates than our U.S. statutory rate including: U.K. (57%), Germany (24%), and Australia (7%).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock>
  <!--Revenue from External Customers Based on Location of The Customer and Technology, Property and Equipment by Geographical Area-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsByGeographicalAreasTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Revenue from external customers is based on the location of the customer and Technology, Property and Equipment, Net by geographic area were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Revenue, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Technology, Property and Equipment, Net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;United States&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;932,927&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;913,852&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;786,574&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;252,459&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;249,542&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;208,572&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;368,945&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,232&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,716&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,800,069&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,796,103&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,718,530&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;289,021&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;289,934&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;243,058&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsByGeographicalAreasTableTextBlock>
  <!--Estimated Weighted-Average Fair Value for Options Granted and Significant Weighted-Average Assumptions Used-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table provides the estimated weighted average fair value for options granted in the year ended April 30, 2016 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the significant weighted average assumptions used in their determination. The expected life represents an estimate of the period of time stock options will be outstanding based on the historical exercise behavior of option recipients. The risk-free interest rate is based on the corresponding U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our Common Stock price over the estimated life of the option, while the dividend yield is based on the expected dividend payments to be made by us.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; text-indent: 3pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fair Value of Options on Grant Date&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;14.77&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Weighted Average assumptions:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Expected Life of Options (years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;7.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Risk-Free Interest Rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Expected Volatility&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;29.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Expected Dividend Yield&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fair Value of Common Stock on Grant Date&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;55.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock>
  <!--Activity for Performance-Based and Other Restricted Stock Awards-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Activity for performance-based and other restricted stock awards during the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was as follows (shares in thousands):&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Restricted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Grant Date Value&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Restricted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Restricted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Nonvested Shares at Beginning of Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;861&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;53.22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;913&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;915&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;415&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;62.63&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;525&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;509&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Change in Shares Due to Performance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(19&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;44.17&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(107&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; 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background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(144&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;55.37&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(152&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(177&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Nonvested Shares at End of Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;756&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57.38&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;861&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;913&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock>
  <!--Stock Option Plans-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;A summary of the activity and status of our stock option plans follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;of Options&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in 000&amp;#8217;s)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Exercise Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Remaining Term&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Aggregate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Intrinsic Value&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in millions)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;of Options&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in 000&amp;#8217;s)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Exercise Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;of Options&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in 000&amp;#8217;s)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Exercise Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Outstanding at Beginning of Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;611&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48.88&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,966&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; 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text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;49.70&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;611&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48.88&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,429&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;47.39&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 20%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Exercisable at End of Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;372&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;49.70&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;530&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;47.43&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,064&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;46.04&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 20%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Vested and Expected to Vest in the Future at April 30&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;372&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;49.70&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;599&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48.90&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,249&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;45.88&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock>
  <!--International and United States Pretax Income-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;International and United States pretax income for the years ended April 30 were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;International&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;204,326&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;219,178&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;192,910&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;United States&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;8,626&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(5,247&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1,794&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;212,952&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;213,931&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;191,116&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock>
  <!--Net Rent Expense for Operating Leases-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfRentExpenseTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following schedule shows the composition of net rent expense for operating leases:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Minimum Rental&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;29,066&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;31,451&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;35,464&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Less: Sublease Rentals&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(719&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(708&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(626&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;28,347&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;30,743&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;34,838&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfRentExpenseTableTextBlock>
  <!--Estimated Future Minimum Annual Rental Commitments under Non-cancelable Real and Personal Property Leases-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;At April 30, 2019, estimated future minimum annual rental commitments under non-cancelable real and personal property leases, were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fiscal Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Amount&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2020&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;30,887&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2021&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;27,326&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2022&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;23,183&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2023&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;19,257&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2024&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;18,576&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;129,382&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;248,611&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock>
  <!--Reconciliation of Shares used in Computation of Earnings Per Share-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfWeightedAverageNumberOfSharesTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;A reconciliation of the shares used in the computation of earnings per share for the years ended April 30 follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.49%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.05%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 11.32%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Weighted average shares outstanding&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,240&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,181&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,531&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Less:&amp;#160;Unvested restricted shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(48)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(138)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(194)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Shares used for basic earnings per share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,192&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,043&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,337&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Dilutive effect of stock options and other stock awards&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;648&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;845&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;862&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Shares used for diluted earnings per share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,840&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57,888&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;58,199&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfWeightedAverageNumberOfSharesTableTextBlock>
  <!--Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by component, net of tax, for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Foreign Currency&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Translation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Unamortized&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Retirement Costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Interest&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Rate Swaps&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Balance at April 30, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(267,920&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(179,405&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(361&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(447,686&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(51,292&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(18,458&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,735&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(67,015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;7,361&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;53&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;7,414&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total other comprehensive (loss) income&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(51,292&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(11,097&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,788&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;64,399&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; 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width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total other comprehensive income (loss)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;67,639&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;592&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(60,534&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(9,422&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,121&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(68,835&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,391&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(4,714&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(323&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total other comprehensive loss&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(60,534&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(5,031&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(3,593&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(69,158&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Balance at April 30, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(312,107&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(196,057&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(574&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(508,738&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock>
  <!--Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash-->
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border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;92,890&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;169,773&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;58,516&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;363,806&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;658&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;484&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;93,548&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;170,257&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;58,516&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;363,806&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock>
  <!--Provision for Income Taxes-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The provisions for income taxes for the years ended April 30 were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Current Provision&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;U.S. &amp;#8211; Federal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,384&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(2,216&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;912&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;International&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;52,518&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;46,112&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; 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text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(28,767&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Provision&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;44,689&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21,745&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;77,473&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;We believe that it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the net deferred tax assets. The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at April 30 were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Net Operating Losses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;14,491&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;8,976&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Reserve for Sales Returns and Doubtful Accounts&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,923&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,506&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accrued Employee Compensation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;17,528&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;20,096&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Foreign and Federal Credits&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;34,401&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;31,109&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other Accrued Expenses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6,262&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,632&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Retirement and Post-Employment Benefits&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;40,653&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;39,160&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Gross Deferred Tax Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;116,258&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;106,479&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Less Valuation Allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(21,179&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(8,811&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Deferred Tax Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,129&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Deferred&amp;#160;Tax Liabilities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(143,775&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(143,518&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Net Deferred Tax Liabilities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(134,548&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(139,389&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
  <!--Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Be Recognized as Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost During Next Fiscal Year-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAmountsInAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossToBeRecognizedOverNextFiscalYearTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss that are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost during the next fiscal year are as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Non-U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Actuarial Loss&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,390&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,091&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6,481&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Prior Service Cost&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(154&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;82&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(72&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,236&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,173&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6,409&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAmountsInAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossToBeRecognizedOverNextFiscalYearTableTextBlock>
  <!--Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAllocationOfPlanAssetsTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;We did not maintain any level 3 assets during the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018. In accordance with ASU 2015-07, &amp;#8220;Fair Value Measurement (&amp;#8220;Topic 820&amp;#8221;), certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value (&amp;#8220;NAV&amp;#8221;) per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient do not have to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. We adopted ASU 2015-07 in the year ended April 30, 2018 and it was applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The fair value amounts presented in the following tables are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented for the total pension benefit plan assets. The following tables set forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, pension plan assets at their fair value as of April 30:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Level 1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Level 2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Level 1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Level 2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,251&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;405,998&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;408,249&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,762&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;417,686&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;419,448&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 28%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Plan Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,251&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;405,998&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;621,877&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,762&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;417,686&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;624,431&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAllocationOfPlanAssetsTableTextBlock>
  <!--Consideration Transferred and Preliminary Allocation of Purchase Price-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The transaction was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. We recorded the preliminary fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date, all of which are included in the Solutions segment. None of the goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes. The allocation of the consideration transferred to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed is preliminary and could be revised as a result of additional information obtained due to the finalization of the third-party valuation report,&amp;#160; tax related matters and contingencies, but such amounts will be finalized within the measurement period, which will not exceed one year from the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the consideration transferred to acquire Learning House and the preliminary allocation of the purchase price among the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Preliminary Allocation as of April 30, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total consideration transferred&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;201,274&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Assets:&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Current Assets&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;10,293&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;8,621&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Prepaid expenses and other current assets&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,439&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Current Assets&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;20,353&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Technology, Property and Equipment, net&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;343&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Intangible Assets, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;109,548&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Goodwill&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;110,805&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other Non-Current Assets&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;5,025&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Assets&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;246,074&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Liabilities:&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Current Liabilities&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accounts payable&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,542&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Contract liability (Deferred revenue)&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;959&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accrued employment costs&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,925&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other accrued liabilities&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;9,422&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Current Liabilities&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;16,848&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 18pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Deferred Income Tax Liabilities&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;26,769&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other Long-Term Liabilities&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,184&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Liabilities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;44,801&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock>
  <!--Changes in and Status of Plans' Assets and Benefit Obligations-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table sets forth the changes in and the status of our defined benefit plans&amp;#8217; assets and benefit obligations:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Non-U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Non-U.S.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;CHANGE IN PLAN ASSETS&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Fair Value of Plan Assets, Beginning of Year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;204,983&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;419,448&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;200,001&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;390,133&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Actual Return on Plan Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;9,705&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;24,891&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;15,352&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,780&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Employer Contributions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;14,753&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;11,872&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;5,020&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;8,385&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Employee Contributions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Settlements&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(74,661&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(121,238&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;AMOUNTS RECOGNIZED IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (BEFORE TAX) CONSIST OF&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Net Actuarial (Losses)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(94,028&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(177,157&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(82,636&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(183,316&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Prior Service Cost Gains (Losses)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,408&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1,154&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,562&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(441&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(91,620&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(178,311&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(80,074&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(183,757&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive&amp;#160;Loss&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(477,561&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTextBlock>
  <!--Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired as Part of Business Combination [Table Text Block]-->
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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Estimated&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted-Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Useful Life&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; 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text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;109,548&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAcquiredAsPartOfBusinessCombinationTextBlock>
  <!--Activity in Goodwill by Segment-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfGoodwillTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill by segment as of April 30:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2018 &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Acquisition &lt;sup&gt;(2)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Foreign&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Translation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Adjustment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;463,419&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(24,908&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;438,511&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;283,851&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(706&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;283,145&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;272,531&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;110,805&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(9,326&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;374,010&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(34,940&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,095,666&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The April 30, 2018 goodwill balances were revised for the Publishing segment which decreased and the Solutions segment which increased to reflect foreign translation adjustments of $11.6 million.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(2)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Refer to Note 4, &amp;#8220;Acquisition,&amp;#8221; in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfGoodwillTextBlock>
  <!--Segment Information-->
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vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Revenue:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;937,313&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;934,395&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;853,489&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;574,192&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;617,648&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;633,449&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;288,564&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;244,060&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;231,592&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Revenue&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;390,001&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Corporate Expenses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;231,461&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;211,470&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt; Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest Income and Other for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2018 was $4.2 million in Research, $2.3 million in Publishing, and $1.6 million in Corporate expenses. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2017 was $1.6 million in Research, $1.2 million in Publishing, and $(8.1) million in Corporate expenses.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;See Note 3, &amp;#8220;Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,&amp;#8221; for revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock>
  <!--Schedule of Restructuring Reserve by Type of Cost [Table Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfRestructuringReserveByTypeOfCostTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table summarizes the activity for the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability for the year ended April 30, 2019:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Charges&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Payments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Foreign Translation &amp;amp; Other Adjustments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Severance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;17,279&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,456&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(13,388&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(460&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,887&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Consulting and Contract Termination Costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;526&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(223&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;303&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other Activities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,772&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,136&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1,608&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;244&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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  <!--Pre-tax Restructuring (Credits) Charges-->
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vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,821&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; 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width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,118&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;28,566&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,355&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;169,628&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTextBlock>
  <!--Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at April 30, 2019:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Options Outstanding&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Options Exercisable&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; text-indent: -7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Range of Exercise Prices&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;of Options&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in 000&amp;#8217;s)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Remaining Term&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Exercise Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;of Options&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;(in 000&amp;#8217;s)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Exercise Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"&gt;35.04&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;0.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;35.04&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;35.04&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; 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background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;101&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;39.71&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;101&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;39.71&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"&gt;48.06 to $49.55&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;106&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48.69&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;106&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48.69&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"&gt;55.99 to $59.70&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;154&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57.87&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;154&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;57.87&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total/Average&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;372&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;49.70&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;372&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;49.70&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock>
  <!--Summary of Changes of Common Stock and Common Stock in Treasury-->
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following is a summary of changes during the years ended April 30, in shares of our common stock and common stock in treasury (shares in thousands).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Changes in Common Stock A:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares, beginning of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;70,111&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;70,086&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;69,798&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Common stock class conversions and other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;25&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;288&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares issued, end of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;70,127&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;70,111&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;70,086&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Changes in Common Stock A in treasury:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares held, beginning of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21,853&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;22,097&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21,709&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Purchase of treasury shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,192&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;713&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;953&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Restricted shares issued under stock-based compensation plans - non-PSU Awards&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(210)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(153)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(74)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Restricted shares issued under stock-based compensation plans - PSU Awards&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(110)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(126)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(186)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Stock grants of fully vested Class A shares - common stock&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(20)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(24)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Restricted shares, forfeited&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Restricted shares issued from exercise of stock options&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(229)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(788)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(469)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Shares withheld for taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;130&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;116&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;97&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;83&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares held, end of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;22,634&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21,853&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;22,097&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of Common Stock A outstanding, end of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;47,493&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48,258&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;47,989&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Changes in Common Stock B:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares, beginning of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,071&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,096&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,392&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Common stock class conversions and other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(16)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(25)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(296)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares issued, end of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,055&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,071&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,096&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Changes in Common Stock B in treasury:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares held, beginning of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,918&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,918&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,917&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Shares repurchased&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares held, end of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,918&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,918&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,918&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of Common Stock B outstanding, end of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;9,137&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;9,153&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;9,178&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock>
  <!--Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]-->
  <us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 19 &amp;#8211; Segment Information&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Our segment reporting structure consists of three reportable segments, which are listed below and a Corporate category as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 27pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;Research;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 27pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;Publishing; and&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 27pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8226;&lt;font class="HorizontalTab" style="width: 9pt; font-size: 1px; display: inline-block;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Segment information is as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;For the Years Ended April 30,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Revenue:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;937,313&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;934,395&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;853,489&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;574,192&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;617,648&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;633,449&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;288,564&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;244,060&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; 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text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Operating Income&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;223,989&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;231,461&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;211,470&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt; Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest Income and Other for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2018 was $4.2 million in Research, $2.3 million in Publishing, and $1.6 million in Corporate expenses. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2017 was $1.6 million in Research, $1.2 million in Publishing, and $(8.1) million in Corporate expenses.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;See Note 3, &amp;#8220;Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,&amp;#8221; for revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;For the Years Ended April 30,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,152,973&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,133,846&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;751,854&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Depreciation and Amortization&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;33,655&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;29,330&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;33,892&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;39,495&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;43,831&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;34,300&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; 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width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Corporate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;55,875&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;53,136&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;56,608&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;161,155&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;153,989&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;156,561&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Revenue from external customers is based on the location of the customer and Technology, Property and Equipment, Net by geographic area were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Revenue, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Technology, Property and Equipment, Net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;United States&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;932,927&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;913,852&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;786,574&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;252,459&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;249,542&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;208,572&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;150,242&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;147,406&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;189,479&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;18,331&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;20,955&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;97,505&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;98,404&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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On all other matters, each share of Class A stock is entitled to one tenth of one vote and each share of Class B stock is entitled to one vote.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;During the year ended April 30, 2017, our Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase program of four million shares of Class A or B Common Stock. We repurchased in the year ended April 30, 2019 1,191,496 Class A shares at an average price of $50.35 per share. In the year ended April 30, 2018, we repurchased 713,177 shares at an average price of $55.65 per share. In the year ended April 30, 2017, we repurchased 953,188 shares, which included 952,667 Class A shares and 521 Class B shares at an average price of $52.80 per share. As of April 30, 2019, we had authorization from our Board of Directors to purchase up to 1,888,975 additional shares.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The following is a summary of changes during the years ended April 30, in shares of our common stock and common stock in treasury (shares in thousands).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Changes in Common Stock A:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; 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border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;16&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;25&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;288&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares issued, end of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;70,127&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;70,111&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;70,086&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Changes in Common Stock A in treasury:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares held, beginning of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21,853&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;22,097&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21,709&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Purchase of treasury shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,192&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;713&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;953&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Restricted shares issued under stock-based compensation plans - non-PSU Awards&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(210)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(153)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(74)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Restricted shares issued under stock-based compensation plans - PSU Awards&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(110)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(126)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(186)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Stock grants of fully vested Class A shares - common stock&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(20)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(24)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Restricted shares, forfeited&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Restricted shares issued from exercise of stock options&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(229)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(788)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(469)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Shares withheld for taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;130&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;116&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;97&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;83&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares held, end of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;22,634&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21,853&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;22,097&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of Common Stock A outstanding, end of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;47,493&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;48,258&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;47,989&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Changes in Common Stock B:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 10.74%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares, beginning of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,071&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,096&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,392&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Common stock class conversions and other&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(16)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(25)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(296)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares issued, end of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,055&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,071&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;13,096&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Changes in Common Stock B in treasury:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares held, beginning of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,918&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,918&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,917&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Shares repurchased&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 64.46%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Number of shares held, end of year&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,918&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9.07%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,918&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1.67%; vertical-align: bottom; 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border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Quarterly Cash Dividend&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total Dividend&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Class of Common Stock&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Dividend Paid Date&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Shareholders of Record as of Date&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;June 21, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$0.33 per common share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$19.0 million&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align: bottom; 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  <!--Subsequent Events-->
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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6,124&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Additions for Current Year Tax Positions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,372&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Additions for Prior Year Tax Positions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;414&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;69&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(38&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Foreign Translation Adjustment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(42&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21,096&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; 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width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;18,193&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;53,482&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;49,043&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;24,300&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Allowance for Doubtful Accounts&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;7,254&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,913&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;2,981&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;7,186&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Allowance for Inventory Obsolescence&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21,968&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;9,538&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;10,410&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;21,096&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.55pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,300&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,300&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Allowance for Sales Returns represents anticipated returns net of a recovery of inventory and royalty costs. The provision is reported as a reduction of gross sales to arrive at revenue and the reserve balance is reported as a reduction of Accounts Receivable, net (in the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017) with a corresponding increase in Inventories, net and a reduction in Accrued Royalties for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Due to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). &lt;/font&gt;In prior periods, it was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;. See Note 3, &amp;#8220;Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,&amp;#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(2)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Deductions From Reserves and Other for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 include foreign exchange translation adjustments. Included in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts are accounts written off, less recoveries. Included in Allowance for Inventory Obsolescence are items removed from inventory. Included in Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets are &lt;/font&gt;foreign tax credits generated and valuation allowances needed in connection with the Tax Act.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</srt:ScheduleOfValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTextBlock>
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  <jwa:NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember" unitRef="U005" decimals="INF">1700</jwa:NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished>
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  <jwa:NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U008" decimals="INF">17</jwa:NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts>
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  <jwa:DurationOfContracts contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember">P3Y</jwa:DurationOfContracts>
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  <jwa:DurationOfContracts contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_RangeAxis_MaximumMember">P10Y</jwa:DurationOfContracts>
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  <jwa:DurationOfContracts contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_JournalRevenueMember">P1Y</jwa:DurationOfContracts>
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  <jwa:DurationOfContracts contextRef="c20180501to20190430_ProductOrServiceAxis_ProfessionalAssessmentMember">P1Y</jwa:DurationOfContracts>
  <!--Increase Decrease In Contract With Customer Liability Non Current-ASU 2014-09 [Member]-Effect of Change Higher/(Lower) [Member]-->
  <jwa:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent contextRef="c20180501to20190430_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis_DifferenceBetweenRevenueGuidanceInEffectBeforeAndAfterTopic606Member" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">10722000</jwa:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent>
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  <jwa:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue contextRef="c20180501to20190430_AwardTypeAxis_RestrictedStockMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">44.17</jwa:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
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  <jwa:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance contextRef="c20180501to20190430_AwardTypeAxis_RestrictedStockMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">19000</jwa:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance>
  <!--Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Decrease in Shares Due to Performance-Restricted Stock [Member]-->
  <jwa:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance contextRef="c20160501to20170430_AwardTypeAxis_RestrictedStockMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">67000</jwa:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance>
  <!--Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Decrease in Shares Due to Performance-Restricted Stock [Member]-->
  <jwa:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance contextRef="c20170501to20180430_AwardTypeAxis_RestrictedStockMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="-3">107000</jwa:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance>
  <!--Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Period for achievement of performance-based targets-Performance-based Stock Awards [Member]-->
  <jwa:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets contextRef="c20180501to20190430_AwardTypeAxis_PerformanceSharesMember">P3Y</jwa:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets>
  <!--Debt Instrument, Term of Variable Rate-Interest Rate Swaps [Member]-London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]-April 2016 Interest Rate Swap Variable Rate Loans [Member]-->
  <jwa:DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate contextRef="c20180501to20190430_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis_InterestRateSwapMember_FinancialInstrumentAxis_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_VariableRateAxis_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember">P1M</jwa:DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate>
  <!--Percentage of the Board of Directors elected by Class A common stockholders-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <jwa:PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders contextRef="c20180501to20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.3</jwa:PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders>
  <!--Class A Common shares into which each share of Class B Common Stock is convertible-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <jwa:ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible contextRef="c20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF">1</jwa:ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible>
  <!--Number of votes entitlement per share of Class A common stock-Common Stock Class A [Member]-->
  <jwa:NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock contextRef="c20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U015" decimals="INF">0.1</jwa:NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock>
  <!--Number of votes entitlement per share of Class A common stock-Common Stock Class B [Member]-->
  <jwa:NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock contextRef="c20190430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U015" decimals="INF">1</jwa:NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock>
  <!--Acceptable ranges within which asset allocations will fluctuate-->
  <jwa:AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.05</jwa:AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate>
  <!--Inventory, Reserve for Estimated Sales Returns-->
  <jwa:InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-4626000</jwa:InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns>
  <!--Inventory, Reserve for Estimated Sales Returns-->
  <jwa:InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-3739000</jwa:InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns>
  <!--Minimum Increments In Which Optional Credit Limit Increases May Be Requested-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-Syndicate Bank Group [Member]-->
  <jwa:MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested contextRef="c20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_SyndicateBankGroupMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-6">50000000</jwa:MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested>
  <!--Debt Instrument, Margin on Reference Rate Used in Determining Base Rate-Federal Funds Effective Swap Rate [Member]-Syndicate Bank Group [Member]-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-->
  <jwa:DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate contextRef="c20180501to20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_SyndicateBankGroupMember_VariableRateAxis_FederalFundsEffectiveSwapRateMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.0050</jwa:DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate>
  <!--Debt Instrument, Margin on Reference Rate Used in Determining Base Rate-Eurodollar [Member]-Syndicate Bank Group [Member]-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-->
  <jwa:DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate contextRef="c20180501to20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_SyndicateBankGroupMember_VariableRateAxis_EurodollarMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.0100</jwa:DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate>
  <!--Optional Credit Limit Increase Available On Request-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-Syndicate Bank Group [Member]-->
  <jwa:OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest contextRef="c20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_SyndicateBankGroupMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-6">350000000</jwa:OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest>
  <!--Debt Instrument, Applicable Margin-Minimum [Member]-Syndicate Bank Group [Member]-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]-->
  <jwa:DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin contextRef="c20180501to20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_SyndicateBankGroupMember_RangeAxis_MinimumMember_VariableRateAxis_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.0098</jwa:DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin>
  <!--Debt Instrument, Applicable Margin-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-Syndicate Bank Group [Member]-London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]-Maximum [Member]-->
  <jwa:DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin contextRef="c20180501to20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_SyndicateBankGroupMember_RangeAxis_MaximumMember_VariableRateAxis_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.0150</jwa:DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin>
  <!--Debt Instrument, Applicable Margin-Base Rate [Member]-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-Syndicate Bank Group [Member]-Minimum [Member]-->
  <jwa:DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin contextRef="c20180501to20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_SyndicateBankGroupMember_RangeAxis_MinimumMember_VariableRateAxis_BaseRateMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.0000</jwa:DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin>
  <!--Debt Instrument, Applicable Margin-Base Rate [Member]-Revolving Credit Facility [Member]-Maximum [Member]-Syndicate Bank Group [Member]-->
  <jwa:DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin contextRef="c20180501to20190430_CreditFacilityAxis_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_SyndicateBankGroupMember_RangeAxis_MaximumMember_VariableRateAxis_BaseRateMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="INF">0.0045</jwa:DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin>
  <!--Schedule of Revenue by Product/Service, Assets and Expenditure for Long-Lived Assets and Depreciation and Amortization by Segment [Table Text Block]-->
  <jwa:ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;For the Years Ended April 30,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Total Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Research&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,152,973&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,238,178&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,133,846&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Publishing&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;643,549&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;575,033&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;582,339&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Solutions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;751,854&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;563,489&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;575,068&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Corporate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;388,626&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;462,751&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;14,449&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Expected Return on Plan Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;6.7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</jwa:ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock>
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  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments Due, Total-Non-U.S. [Member]-->
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  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments Due, Total-->
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  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments Due, Total-U.S. [Member]-->
  <jwa:DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal contextRef="c20190430_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">152670000</jwa:DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal>
  <!--Term of supplemental retirement benefits-Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan [Member]-->
  <jwa:TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits contextRef="c20180501to20190430_RetirementPlanTypeAxis_SupplementalEmployeeRetirementPlanDefinedBenefitMember">P10Y</jwa:TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits>
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  <!--Employee retirement age limit under retirement plans-Minimum [Member]-->
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  <!--Property, Plant and Equipment, Work in Progress-Capitalized Software [Member]-->
  <jwa:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress contextRef="c20180430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_SoftwareDevelopmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-6">0</jwa:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress>
  <!--Property, Plant and Equipment, Work in Progress-Capitalized Software [Member]-->
  <jwa:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress contextRef="c20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_SoftwareDevelopmentMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">2300000</jwa:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress>
  <!--Depreciation and Amortization Expense Excluding Capitalized Software-->
  <jwa:DepreciationAndAmortizationExpenseExcludingCapitalizedSoftware contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">18340000</jwa:DepreciationAndAmortizationExpenseExcludingCapitalizedSoftware>
  <!--Depreciation and Amortization Expense Excluding Capitalized Software-->
  <jwa:DepreciationAndAmortizationExpenseExcludingCapitalizedSoftware contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">18878000</jwa:DepreciationAndAmortizationExpenseExcludingCapitalizedSoftware>
  <!--Depreciation and Amortization Expense Excluding Capitalized Software-->
  <jwa:DepreciationAndAmortizationExpenseExcludingCapitalizedSoftware contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">19323000</jwa:DepreciationAndAmortizationExpenseExcludingCapitalizedSoftware>
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  <jwa:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedEmploymentCosts contextRef="c20190430_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_TheLearningHouseIncMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">4925000</jwa:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedEmploymentCosts>
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  <jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment contextRef="c20190430_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_ArtisticRelatedIntangibleAssetsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">86223000</jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment>
  <!--Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill), Net of Accumulated Impairment-Content and Publishing Rights [Member]-->
  <jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment contextRef="c20180430_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_ArtisticRelatedIntangibleAssetsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">94238000</jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment>
  <!--Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill), Net of Accumulated Impairment-->
  <jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">217132000</jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment>
  <!--Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill), Net of Accumulated Impairment-Trademarks and Trade Names [Member]-->
  <jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment contextRef="c20180430_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_TrademarksAndTradeNamesMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">138589000</jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment>
  <!--Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill), Net of Accumulated Impairment-Trademarks and Trade Names [Member]-->
  <jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment contextRef="c20190430_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_TrademarksAndTradeNamesMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">130909000</jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment>
  <!--Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill), Net of Accumulated Impairment-->
  <jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">232827000</jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment>
  <!--Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets, Impaired, Accumulated Impairment Loss-->
  <jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">3600000</jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss>
  <!--Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets, Impaired, Accumulated Impairment Loss-->
  <jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">3600000</jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss>
  <!--Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets, Impaired, Accumulated Impairment Loss-Content and Publishing Rights [Member]-->
  <jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss contextRef="c20190430_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_ArtisticRelatedIntangibleAssetsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss>
  <!--Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets, Impaired, Accumulated Impairment Loss-Content and Publishing Rights [Member]-->
  <jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss contextRef="c20180430_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_ArtisticRelatedIntangibleAssetsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">0</jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss>
  <!--Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets, Impaired, Accumulated Impairment Loss-Trademarks and Trade Names [Member]-->
  <jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss contextRef="c20190430_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_TrademarksAndTradeNamesMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">3600000</jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss>
  <!--Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets, Impaired, Accumulated Impairment Loss-Trademarks and Trade Names [Member]-->
  <jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss contextRef="c20180430_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_TrademarksAndTradeNamesMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">3600000</jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss>
  <!--Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets, Percentage of Estimated Fair Value in Excess of Carrying Value-Trademarks [Member]-->
  <jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsPercentageOfEstimatedFairValueInExcessOfCarryingValue contextRef="c20190430_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_TrademarksMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="2">0.07</jwa:IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsPercentageOfEstimatedFairValueInExcessOfCarryingValue>
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  <jwa:DefinedBenefitPensionPlanLiabilityForEarlyPaymentOfPensionPlanBenefitInSingleLumpSum contextRef="c20160829_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">28300000</jwa:DefinedBenefitPensionPlanLiabilityForEarlyPaymentOfPensionPlanBenefitInSingleLumpSum>
  <!--Defined Benefit Plan, Benefits Paid for Early Lump Sum Payment-U.S. [Member]-->
  <jwa:DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitsPaidForEarlyLumpSumPayment contextRef="c20161001to20161031_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_US" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">28300000</jwa:DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitsPaidForEarlyLumpSumPayment>
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  <jwa:NumberOfEligibleParticipants contextRef="c20160829to20160829_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_US" unitRef="U013" decimals="INF">780</jwa:NumberOfEligibleParticipants>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Compensation and Benefits, Retirement and post-employment benefits-->
  <jwa:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsRetirementAndPostEmploymentBenefits contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">39160000</jwa:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsRetirementAndPostEmploymentBenefits>
  <!--Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Compensation and Benefits, Retirement and post-employment benefits-->
  <jwa:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsRetirementAndPostEmploymentBenefits contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">40653000</jwa:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsRetirementAndPostEmploymentBenefits>
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  <jwa:ForeignStatutoryTaxRate contextRef="c20180501to20190430_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_DE" unitRef="U009" decimals="2">0.24</jwa:ForeignStatutoryTaxRate>
  <!--Foreign Statutory Tax Rate-Australia [Member]-->
  <jwa:ForeignStatutoryTaxRate contextRef="c20180501to20190430_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_AU" unitRef="U009" decimals="2">0.07</jwa:ForeignStatutoryTaxRate>
  <!--Foreign Statutory Tax Rate-U.K. [Member]-->
  <jwa:ForeignStatutoryTaxRate contextRef="c20150501to20160430_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_HerMajestysRevenueAndCustomsHMRCMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="2">0.19</jwa:ForeignStatutoryTaxRate>
  <!--Foreign Statutory Tax Rate-U.K. [Member]-->
  <jwa:ForeignStatutoryTaxRate contextRef="c20180501to20190430_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_HerMajestysRevenueAndCustomsHMRCMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="2">0.57</jwa:ForeignStatutoryTaxRate>
  <!--Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, Incomplete Accounting, Transition Tax for Accumulated Foreign Earnings, Provisional Income Tax Expense-->
  <jwa:TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingTransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsProvisionalIncomeTaxExpense contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">14200000</jwa:TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingTransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsProvisionalIncomeTaxExpense>
  <!--Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, Transition Tax for Accumulated Foreign Earnings, Held In Other Assets, Percentage-->
  <jwa:TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017TransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsHeldInOtherAssetsPercentage contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U009" decimals="3">0.080</jwa:TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017TransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsHeldInOtherAssetsPercentage>
  <!--Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, Transition Tax for Accumulated Foreign Earnings, Held in Cash Equivalents and Certain Net Assets, Percentage-->
  <jwa:TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017TransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsHeldInCashEquivalentsAndCertainNetAssetsPercentage contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U009" decimals="3">0.155</jwa:TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017TransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsHeldInCashEquivalentsAndCertainNetAssetsPercentage>
  <!--Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, Incomplete Accounting, Transition Tax for Accumulated Foreign Earnings, Provisional Liability-Foreign Tax Authority [Member]-->
  <jwa:TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingTransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsProvisionalLiability contextRef="c20190430_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis_ForeignCountryMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">2000000</jwa:TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingTransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsProvisionalLiability>
  <!--Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Period-State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]-Maximum [Member]-->
  <jwa:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationPeriod contextRef="c20180501to20190430_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis_StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember_RangeAxis_MaximumMember">P20Y</jwa:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationPeriod>
  <!--Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Period-Minimum [Member]-State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]-->
  <jwa:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationPeriod contextRef="c20180501to20190430_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis_StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember_RangeAxis_MinimumMember">P1Y</jwa:OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationPeriod>
  <!--Operating Loss Carryforwards, Tax Effect-State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]-->
  <jwa:OperatingLossCarryforwardsTaxEffect contextRef="c20180501to20190430_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis_StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-6">6000000</jwa:OperatingLossCarryforwardsTaxEffect>
  <!--Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Litigation Expense, Percent-->
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  <!--Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Litigation Expense, Percent-->
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  <!--Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Litigation Expense, Percent-->
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  <!--Income Tax Expense Related to Unfavorable Tax Settlement, Per Share-Foreign Tax Authority [Member]-->
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  <!--Deferred Tax Liabilities, Intangible and Fixed Assets-->
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  <!--Deferred Tax Liabilities, Intangible and Fixed Assets-->
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  <!--Deferred Tax Benefits Per Share Associated with Enacted Changes in Tax Laws-U.K. [Member]-->
  <jwa:DeferredTaxBenefitsPerShareAssociatedWithEnactedChangesInTaxLaws contextRef="c20160501to20170430_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_HerMajestysRevenueAndCustomsHMRCMember" unitRef="U003" decimals="2">0.04</jwa:DeferredTaxBenefitsPerShareAssociatedWithEnactedChangesInTaxLaws>
  <!--Foreign Statutory Tax Rate, Year Three-U.K. [Member]-->
  <jwa:ForeignStatutoryTaxRateYearThree contextRef="c20150501to20160430_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_HerMajestysRevenueAndCustomsHMRCMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="2">0.18</jwa:ForeignStatutoryTaxRateYearThree>
  <!--Foreign Statutory Tax Rate, Year Three-U.K. [Member]-->
  <jwa:ForeignStatutoryTaxRateYearThree contextRef="c20160501to20170430_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_HerMajestysRevenueAndCustomsHMRCMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="2">0.17</jwa:ForeignStatutoryTaxRateYearThree>
  <!--Tax Expense (Benefit) Related to Expiration of Statute of Limitations and Favorable Resolutions of Tax Matters with Tax Authorities-->
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  <!--Tax Expense (Benefit) Related to Expiration of Statute of Limitations and Favorable Resolutions of Tax Matters with Tax Authorities-->
  <jwa:TaxExpenseBenefitRelatedToExpirationOfStatuteOfLimitationsAndFavorableResolutionsOfTaxMattersWithTaxAuthorities contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">600000</jwa:TaxExpenseBenefitRelatedToExpirationOfStatuteOfLimitationsAndFavorableResolutionsOfTaxMattersWithTaxAuthorities>
  <!--Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, Incomplete Accounting, Provisional Income Tax Expense (Benefit)-->
  <jwa:TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingProvisionalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">25000000</jwa:TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingProvisionalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <!--Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, Incomplete Accounting, Provisional Income Tax Expense (Benefit)-->
  <jwa:TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingProvisionalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">200000</jwa:TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingProvisionalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
  <!--Effective Tax Rate, Excluding Impact of Non-recurring Items from the Tax Act and Foreign Court Decision and Tax Rate Change-->
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  <!--Effective Tax Rate, Excluding Impact of Non-recurring Items from the Tax Act and Foreign Court Decision and Tax Rate Change-->
  <jwa:EffectiveTaxRateExcludingImpactOfNonRecurringItemsFromTheTaxActAndForeignCourtDecisionAndTaxRateChange contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U009" decimals="3">0.210</jwa:EffectiveTaxRateExcludingImpactOfNonRecurringItemsFromTheTaxActAndForeignCourtDecisionAndTaxRateChange>
  <!--Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, Percent-->
  <jwa:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017Percent contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U009" decimals="3">0.001</jwa:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017Percent>
  <!--Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, Percent-->
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  <!--Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, Percent-->
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  <!--Schedule of Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]-->
  <jwa:ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Intangibles&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Intangible assets, net as of April 30 were as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Cost&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Impairment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; 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padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Accumulated&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Impairment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 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vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 20%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Content and Publishing Rights &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;806,628&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(417,456&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;389,172&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;94,238&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 20%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;220,732&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(3,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;217,132&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;236,427&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(3,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;232,827&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 20%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total Intangible Assets, Net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,372,820&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(503,648&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(3,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;865,572&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,306,203&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(454,532&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(3,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;848,071&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt; As of April 30, 2019, amounts include intangible assets acquired as part of the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018. Refer to Note 4, &amp;#8220;Acquisition,&amp;#8221; in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</jwa:ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock>
  <!--Restructuring Charge per Share, before Tax-->
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  <!--Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Sales Return Reserves Recorded-Royalties Payable [Member]-->
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  <!--Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Sales Return Reserves Recorded-Inventories [Member]-->
  <jwa:IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded contextRef="c20180430_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_InventoriesMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">4626000</jwa:IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded>
  <!--Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Sales Return Reserves Recorded-->
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  <!--Product Development Assets, Wok in Progress-Book Composition Costs [Member]-->
  <jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress contextRef="c20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_BookCompositionCostsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">4300000</jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress>
  <!--Product Development Assets, Wok in Progress-Book Composition Costs [Member]-->
  <jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress contextRef="c20180430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_BookCompositionCostsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-5">4100000</jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress>
  <!--Noncash or Part Noncash Acquisition, Noncash Financial or Equity Instrument Consideration, Warrants Issued, Value-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-Additional Paid-in Capital, Attributable to Warrant [Member]-->
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  <!--Noncash or Part Noncash Acquisition, Noncash Financial or Equity Instrument Consideration, Warrants Issued, Value-Additional Paid-in Capital, Attributable to Warrant [Member]-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
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  <!--Noncash or Part Noncash Acquisition, Noncash Financial or Equity Instrument Consideration, Warrants Issued, Value-Additional Paid-in Capital, Attributable to Warrant [Member]-The Learning House, Inc. [Member]-->
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  <!--Amortization of Product Development Assets-->
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  <!--Amortization of Product Development Assets-->
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  <!--Amortization of Product Development Assets-->
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  <!--Pension Settlement Expense-->
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  <!--Pension Settlement Expense-->
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  <!--Pension Settlement Expense-->
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  <!--Pension Settlement Expense-U.S. [Member]-->
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  <!--Income Tax Expense Related to Unfavorable Tax Settlement-->
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  <!--Income Tax Expense Related to Unfavorable Tax Settlement-->
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  <!--Income Tax Expense Related to Unfavorable Tax Settlement-->
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  <!--Income Tax Expense Related to Unfavorable Tax Settlement-Foreign Tax Authority [Member]-->
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  <!--Non Cash Deferred Tax Benefits On U.K. Rate Changes-->
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  <!--Non Cash Deferred Tax Benefits On U.K. Rate Changes-->
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  <!--Non Cash Deferred Tax Benefits On U.K. Rate Changes-->
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  <!--Additions To Product Development Assets-->
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  <!--Additions To Product Development Assets-->
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  <!--Additions To Product Development Assets-->
  <jwa:AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">24426000</jwa:AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets>
  <!--Interest and Other Income (Expense)-->
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  <!--Interest and Other Income (Expense)-->
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  <!--Interest and Other Income (Expense)-->
  <jwa:InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense contextRef="c20180501to20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3" id="Item-94">11100000</jwa:InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense>
  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-->
  <jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits contextRef="c20160501to20170430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">13355000</jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits>
  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-->
  <jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits contextRef="c20170501to20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">28566000</jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits>
  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Research segment [Member]-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-Severance [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Contract Termination [Member]-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-Corporate [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-Other Activities [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Solutions [Member]-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-->
  <jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits contextRef="c20160501to20170430_RestructuringPlanAxis_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_SolutionsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1787000</jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits>
  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Corporate [Member]-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-Other Activities [Member]-->
  <jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits contextRef="c20160501to20170430_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis_OtherRestructuringMember_RestructuringPlanAxis_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">4821000</jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits>
  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-Solutions [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Publishing [Member]-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Contract Termination [Member]-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-->
  <jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits contextRef="c20170501to20180430_RestructuringPlanAxis_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">28566000</jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits>
  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Publishing [Member]-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-->
  <jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits contextRef="c20160501to20170430_RestructuringPlanAxis_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_PublishingMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1596000</jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits>
  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-Corporate [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Other Activities [Member]-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-->
  <jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits contextRef="c20170501to20180430_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis_OtherRestructuringMember_RestructuringPlanAxis_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-462000</jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits>
  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-Research segment [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-Severance [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Severance [Member]-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-->
  <jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits contextRef="c20170501to20180430_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis_EmployeeSeveranceMember_RestructuringPlanAxis_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">27213000</jwa:RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits>
  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-Contract Termination [Member]-->
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  <!--Restructuring and related (credits) charges-Publishing [Member]-Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]-->
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  <!--Product Development Assets Policy [Policy Text Block]-->
  <jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Product Development Assets:&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Product development assets consist of book composition costs and other product development costs. Costs associated with developing a book publication are expensed until the product is determined to be commercially viable. Book composition costs represent the costs incurred to bring an edited commercial manuscript to publication, which include typesetting, proofreading, design, illustration costs, and digital formatting. Book composition costs are capitalized and are generally amortized on a double-declining basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 1 to 3 years. Other product development costs represent the costs incurred in developing software, platforms, and digital content to be sold and licensed to third parties. Other product development costs are capitalized and generally amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. As of April 30, 2019, the weighted average estimated useful life of other product development costs was approximately 5 years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
  <!--Recently Adopted Accounting Standards [Policy Text Block]-->
  <jwa:RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Recently Adopted Accounting Standards&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Stock Compensation &amp;#8211; Scope of Modification Accounting&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&amp;#8220;FASB&amp;#8221;) issued Accounting Standards Update (&amp;#8220;ASU&amp;#8221;) 2017-09, &amp;#8220;Compensation&amp;#8212;Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting,&amp;#8221; which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is only required if the fair value, vesting conditions or classification (equity or liability) of the new award are different from the original award immediately before the original award is modified. We adopted ASU 2017-09 on May 1, 2018 and there was no impact to our consolidated financial statements. The new guidance must be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The future impact of ASU 2017-09 will be dependent on the nature of future stock award modifications.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, &amp;#8220;Compensation&amp;#8212;Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.&amp;#8221; The guidance requires that the service cost component of net pension and postretirement benefit costs be reported in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period, while the other components of net benefit costs must be reported separately from the service cost component and below operating income. The guidance also allows only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. We adopted ASU 2017-07 on May 1, 2018. The new guidance must be applied retrospectively for the presentation of net benefit costs in the income statement and prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component of net benefit costs.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The effect of retrospectively adopting this guidance resulted in a reclassification of net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The amount included in Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended April 30, 2019 was a net benefit of $8.8 million. We do not capitalize any service costs.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, &amp;#8220;Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business&amp;#8221;, which clarifies the definition of a business in order to allow for the evaluation of whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or business. We adopted ASU 2017-01 on May 1, 2018 and the adoption had no impact for us in fiscal year 2019. The future impact of ASU 2017-01 will be dependent upon the nature of future acquisitions or dispositions made by us.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, &amp;#8220;Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.&amp;#8221; ASU 2016-18 requires that entities include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents in the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the Statement of Cash Flows. We adopted ASU 2016-18 on May 1, 2018. Retrospective transition method is to be applied to each period presented. As a result of this retrospective adoption, the reclassification of restricted cash into a change in total cash resulted in a reduction in Cash Provided By Operating Activities of $0.5 million for the year ended April 30, 2018. There was no impact for the year ended April 30, 2017.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;92,890&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;169,773&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;58,516&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;363,806&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;658&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;484&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;93,548&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;170,257&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;58,516&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;363,806&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;Income taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, &amp;#8220;Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory&amp;#8221;, which simplifies the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Current U.S. GAAP prohibits the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party. The new guidance states that an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Consequently, the amendments in this Standard eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. We adopted ASU 2016-16 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, &amp;#8220;Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,&amp;#8221; which provides clarification on classifying a variety of activities within the Statement of Cash Flows. We adopted ASU 2016-15 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have a material impact to our consolidated statements of cash flows.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, &amp;#8220;Financial Instruments&amp;#8212;Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.&amp;#8221; Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, &amp;#8220;Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments-Overall.&amp;#8221;&amp;#160; ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments except those under the equity method of accounting to be measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognized in net income. The amendment simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. In addition, it also requires enhanced disclosures about investments. We adopted ASU 2016-01 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016- 01 did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Revenue from Contracts with Customers&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," (Topic 606) which superseded most existing revenue recognition guidance. We adopted ASU 2014-09 on May 1, 2018. The standard allows for either "full retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all periods presented, or "modified retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) &amp;#8211; Principal versus Agent Considerations", ASU 2016-10, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) &amp;#8211; Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing", ASU 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) &amp;#8211; Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients", and ASU 2016-20, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which provide clarification and additional guidance related to ASU 2014-09. We also adopted ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12, and ASU 2016-20 with ASU 2014-09 (collectively, the &amp;#8220;new revenue standard&amp;#8221;) on May 1, 2018.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We utilized a comprehensive approach to assess the impact of the new revenue standard on our contract portfolio by reviewing our current accounting policies and practices to identify differences that would result from applying the new revenue standard to our revenue contracts. Additionally, we reviewed customer agreements representative of our business models and assessed whether changes in revenue recognition were appropriate under the new revenue standard.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;We adopted the new revenue standard as of May 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material impact to our consolidated revenues, financial position, or results of operations. Upon adoption, we recorded an immaterial net increase to opening retained earnings resulting from the change in timing of when certain components of our revenue are recognized as required under the new revenue standard as compared to historical policies. Such changes include:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3.37%; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 3.43%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(i)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="width: 93.2%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;perpetual licenses granted in connection with other deliverables; revenue that was previously recognized over the life of the associated subscription for future content is now recognized at a point in time, which is when access to content is initially granted,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3.37%; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="width: 3.47%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(ii)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 93.16%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;customers&amp;#8217; unexercised rights; revenue which was previously recognized at the end of a pre-determined period for situations where we have received a nonrefundable payment for a customer to receive a good or service and the customer has not exercised such right is now recognized as revenue in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3.37%; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="width: 3.47%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(iii)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 93.16%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;recognition of estimated revenue from royalty agreements in the period of usage, and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3.37%; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3.38%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(iv)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="3" style="width: 93.25%; vertical-align: top;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;recognition of revenue for certain arrangements with minimum guarantees on a time-based (straight-line) basis due to a stand-ready obligation to provide additional rights to content.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The adoption of the new revenue standard resulted in the discontinuance of the historical practice of presenting accounts receivable and deferred revenue balances on a net basis for some of our subscription licensing agreements where we have invoiced a customer in advance of the related revenue being recognized and payment has not yet been received. As of April 30, 2018, the amounts that were previously netted down from accounts receivable and deferred revenue were $59.5 million. The current policy for our subscription licensing agreements is to record accounts receivable when performance occurs and recognize contract liabilities, at the earlier of cash payment being received or the invoice is sent.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;In addition, the adoption of the new revenue standard resulted in the reclassification of the sales return reserve provision to Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) from Accounts Receivable, Net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018 the amount was $25.9 million and $28.3 million, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The impact of the adoption of the new revenue standard was not material to our Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended April 30, 2019; therefore, we have omitted the disclosure that summarizes the effect of the revenue recognition standard by line item on our Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact to the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position was also not material by line item, except for the reclassification of the sales return reserve provision to contract liability from accounts receivable, net. &lt;/font&gt;The cumulative effect of the changes made to our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at May 1, 2018 as a result of adoption of the new revenue standard using the modified retrospective method were as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;April 30, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Adjustments due to Adoption&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;May 1, 2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;212,377&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;93,349&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;305,726&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Product development assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;78,814&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(3,725&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;75,089&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Technology, property and equipment, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;289,934&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(361&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;289,573&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Other non-current assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;85,802&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; 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  <!--Sales Return Reserves [Policy Text Block]-->
  <jwa:SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Sales Return Reserves:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;The process that we use to determine our sales returns and the related reserve provision charged against revenue is based on applying an estimated return rate to current year returnable print book sales. This rate is based upon an analysis of actual historical return experience in the various markets and geographic regions in which we do business. We collect, maintain and analyze significant amounts of sales returns data for large volumes of homogeneous transactions. This allows us to make reasonable estimates of the amount of future returns. All available data is utilized to identify the returns by market and to which fiscal year the sales returns apply. This enables management to track the returns in detail and identify and react to trends occurring in the marketplace, with the objective of being able to make the most informed judgments possible in setting reserve rates. Associated with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related increase to inventory and a reduction to accrued royalties as a result of the expected returns. Print book sales return reserves amounted to a net liability balance of $18.5 million and $18.6 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The reserves are reflected in the following accounts of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position &amp;#8211; increase (decrease):&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(28,302&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; 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width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(3,653&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(5,048&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Contract liability (Deferred revenue) &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;25,934&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Decrease in Net Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(18,542&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(18,628&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt; Due to &lt;/font&gt;the adoption of the new revenue standard, See Note 3, &lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Revenue from Contracts with Customers &lt;/font&gt;the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, the sales return reserve of $28.3 million was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</jwa:SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock>
  <!--Shipping and Handling Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block]-->
  <jwa:ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Shipping and Handling Costs:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Costs incurred for third party shipping and handling are primarily reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. We incurred $32.7 million, $33.7 million, and $39.1 million in shipping and handling costs in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</jwa:ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
  <!--Cash and Cash Equivalents, Book Overdrafts [Policy Text Block]-->
  <jwa:CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Book Overdrafts:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Under our cash management system, a book overdraft balance exists for our primary disbursement accounts. This overdraft represents uncleared checks in excess of cash balances in individual bank accounts. Our funds are transferred from other existing bank account balances or from lines of credit as needed to fund checks presented for payment. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, book overdrafts of $7.4 million and $13.1 million, respectively, were included in Accounts Payable on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</jwa:CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock>
  <!--Royalty Advance [Policy Text Block]-->
  <jwa:RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"&gt;Royalty Advances:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Royalty advances are capitalized and, upon publication, are expensed as royalties earned based on sales of the published works. Royalty advances are reviewed for recoverability and a reserve for loss is maintained, if appropriate.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</jwa:RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock>
  <!--Net Sales Return Reserves by Balance Sheet Account [Table Text Block]-->
  <jwa:NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The reserves are reflected in the following accounts of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position &amp;#8211; increase (decrease):&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accounts receivable, net &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(28,302&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Inventories, net&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;3,739&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;4,626&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Accrued royalties&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(3,653&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(5,048&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Contract liability (Deferred revenue) &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;25,934&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&amp;#8212;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Decrease in Net Assets&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(18,542&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;(18,628&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt; Due to &lt;/font&gt;the adoption of the new revenue standard, See Note 3, &lt;font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Revenue from Contracts with Customers &lt;/font&gt;the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, the sales return reserve of $28.3 million was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</jwa:NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock>
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  <jwa:PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue contextRef="c20180501to20190430_AwardTypeAxis_PerformanceSharesMember_PlanNameAxis_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember" unitRef="U009" decimals="1">0.6</jwa:PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue>
  <!--Product Development Assets-->
  <jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets contextRef="c20180430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">78814000</jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets>
  <!--Product Development Assets-->
  <jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets contextRef="c20190430" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">62470000</jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets>
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  <jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets contextRef="c20180430_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis_AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis_DifferenceBetweenRevenueGuidanceInEffectBeforeAndAfterTopic606Member" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">-3725000</jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets>
  <!--Product Development Assets-Book Composition Costs [Member]-->
  <jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets contextRef="c20180430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_BookCompositionCostsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">24887000</jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets>
  <!--Product Development Assets-Book Composition Costs [Member]-->
  <jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets contextRef="c20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_BookCompositionCostsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">19197000</jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets>
  <!--Product Development Assets-Content Development Costs [Member]-->
  <jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets contextRef="c20180430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">1849000</jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets>
  <!--Product Development Assets-Software Costs [Member]-->
  <jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets contextRef="c20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_SoftwareCostsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">38048000</jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets>
  <!--Product Development Assets-Content Development Costs [Member]-->
  <jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets contextRef="c20190430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">5225000</jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets>
  <!--Product Development Assets-Software Costs [Member]-->
  <jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets contextRef="c20180430_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_SoftwareCostsMember" unitRef="U001" decimals="-3">52078000</jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssets>
  <!--Product Development Assets [Text Block]-->
  <jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock contextRef="c20180501to20190430">&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;!--Anchor--&gt;Note 9 &amp;#8211; Product Development Assets&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Product development assets consisted of the following at April 30:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt; 2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Book Composition Costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;19,197&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;24,887&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Software Costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;38,048&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;52,078&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Content Development Costs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;5,225&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;1,849&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;62,470&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;78,814&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Product development assets include $4.3 million and $4.1 million of work-in-process as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, mainly for book composition costs.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"&gt;Product development assets are net of accumulated amortization of $236.5 million and $238.1 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</jwa:ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock>
  <link:footnoteLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:footnote xlink:label="Footnote-Item-1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Due to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, it was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. At April 30, 2018 the sales return reserve was $28.3 million.</link:footnote>
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    <link:footnote xlink:label="Footnote-Item-2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">As noted above, prior period amounts have not been adjusted due to adoption of the new revenue standard under the modified   retrospective method.</link:footnote>
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    <link:footnote xlink:label="Footnote-Item-3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash," we are now required to include restricted cash as part of the change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. As a result, amounts which were previously classified as cash flows from operating activities have been reclassified as they are recognized in the total change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</link:footnote>
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    <link:footnote xlink:label="Footnote-Item-4" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">In connection with the acquisition of The Learning House, Inc. ("Learning House"), we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.

The Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to "Change in Accounting Policy" in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, "Acquisition," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</link:footnote>
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    <link:footnote xlink:label="Footnote-Item-5" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Due to the retrospective adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-07, "Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,", total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Total net benefits (costs) related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were $8.8 million for the year ended April 30, 2019. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</link:footnote>
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    <link:footnote xlink:label="Footnote-Item-6" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">The sum of the quarterly earnings per share amounts may not agree to the respective annual amounts due to rounding.</link:footnote>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="#Item-31" xlink:label="Item-31_lbl" xlink:type="locator" />
    <link:footnoteArc order="1.0" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote" xlink:from="Item-31_lbl" xlink:to="Footnote-Item-6" xlink:type="arc" />
    <link:footnote xlink:label="Footnote-Item-7" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest Income and Other for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2018 was $4.2 million in Research, $2.3 million in Publishing, and $1.6 million in Corporate expenses. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2017 was $1.6 million in Research, $1.2 million in Publishing, and $(8.1) million in Corporate expenses.</link:footnote>
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    <link:footnote xlink:label="Footnote-Item-8" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">The April 30, 2018 goodwill balances were revised for the Publishing segment which decreased and the Solutions segment which increased to reflect foreign translation adjustments of $11.6 million.</link:footnote>
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    <link:footnote xlink:label="Footnote-Item-9" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Refer to Note 4, "Acquisition," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018.</link:footnote>
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        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/SegmentInformation" id="SegmentInformation">
        <link:definition>061900 - Disclosure - Segment Information</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/SupplementaryQuarterlyFinancialInformationResultsByQuarterUnaudited" id="SupplementaryQuarterlyFinancialInformationResultsByQuarterUnaudited">
        <link:definition>062000 - Disclosure - Supplementary Quarterly Financial Information - Results By Quarter (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/SubsequentEvents" id="SubsequentEvents">
        <link:definition>062100 - Disclosure - Subsequent Events</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/ScheduleIivaluationAndQualifyingAccounts" id="ScheduleIivaluationAndQualifyingAccounts">
        <link:definition>062200 - Schedule - Schedule II-VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRecentlyIssuedAndRecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicies" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRecentlyIssuedAndRecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicies">
        <!--Parent Role: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards-->
        <link:definition>070200 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards (Policies)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersPolicies" id="RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersPolicies">
        <!--Parent Role: Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers-->
        <link:definition>070300 - Disclosure - Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers (Policies)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRecentlyIssuedAndRecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsTables" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRecentlyIssuedAndRecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards-->
        <link:definition>080200 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersTables" id="RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers-->
        <link:definition>080300 - Disclosure - Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/AcquisitionTables" id="AcquisitionTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Acquisitions-->
        <link:definition>080400 - Disclosure - Acquisition (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/ReconciliationOfWeightedAverageSharesOutstandingTables" id="ReconciliationOfWeightedAverageSharesOutstandingTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding-->
        <link:definition>080500 - Disclosure - Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLossTables" id="AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLossTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss-->
        <link:definition>080600 - Disclosure - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RestructuringAndRelatedChargesTables" id="RestructuringAndRelatedChargesTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Restructuring and Related Charges-->
        <link:definition>080700 - Disclosure - Restructuring and Related Charges (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/InventoriesTables" id="InventoriesTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Inventories-->
        <link:definition>080800 - Disclosure - Inventories (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/ProductDevelopmentAssetsTables" id="ProductDevelopmentAssetsTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Product Development Assets-->
        <link:definition>080900 - Disclosure - Product Development Assets (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/TechnologyPropertyAndEquipmentTables" id="TechnologyPropertyAndEquipmentTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Technology, Property and Equipment-->
        <link:definition>081000 - Disclosure - Technology, Property and Equipment (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsTables" id="GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Goodwill and Intangible Assets-->
        <link:definition>081100 - Disclosure - Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables" id="IncomeTaxesTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Income Taxes-->
        <link:definition>081200 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/CommitmentAndContingenciesTables" id="CommitmentAndContingenciesTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Commitment and Contingencies-->
        <link:definition>081500 - Disclosure - Commitment and Contingencies (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RetirementPlansTables" id="RetirementPlansTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Retirement Plans-->
        <link:definition>081600 - Disclosure - Retirement Plans (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/StockbasedCompensationTables" id="StockbasedCompensationTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Stock-Based Compensation-->
        <link:definition>081700 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/CapitalStockAndChangesInCapitalAccountsTables" id="CapitalStockAndChangesInCapitalAccountsTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts-->
        <link:definition>081800 - Disclosure - Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/SegmentInformationTables" id="SegmentInformationTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Segment Information-->
        <link:definition>081900 - Disclosure - Segment Information (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/SupplementaryQuarterlyFinancialInformationTables" id="SupplementaryQuarterlyFinancialInformationTables">
        <!--Parent Role: Supplementary Quarterly Financial Information - Results By Quarter (Unaudited)-->
        <link:definition>082000 - Disclosure - Supplementary Quarterly Financial Information (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRecentlyIssuedAndRecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsDetails" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRecentlyIssuedAndRecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards-->
        <link:definition>090200 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRecentlyIssuedAndRecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsRecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsDetails" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesRecentlyIssuedAndRecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsRecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards-->
        <link:definition>090202 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards, Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails" id="RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers-->
        <link:definition>090300 - Disclosure - Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers, Disaggregation of Revenue (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersDescriptionOfRevenueGeneratingActivitiesDetails" id="RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersDescriptionOfRevenueGeneratingActivitiesDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers-->
        <link:definition>090302 - Disclosure - Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers, Description of Revenue Generating Activities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersAccountsReceivableNetAndContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueBalancesDetails" id="RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersAccountsReceivableNetAndContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueBalancesDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers-->
        <link:definition>090304 - Disclosure - Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers, Accounts Receivable, net and Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) Balances (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersRemainingPerformanceObligationsAssetsRecognizedForCostsToObtainOrFulfillContractDetails" id="RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersRemainingPerformanceObligationsAssetsRecognizedForCostsToObtainOrFulfillContractDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers-->
        <link:definition>090306 - Disclosure - Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers, Remaining Performance Obligations, Assets Recognized for the Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersRemainingPerformanceObligationsAssetsRecognizedForCostsToObtainOrFulfillContractDetailsDefault" id="RevenueRecognitionContractsWithCustomersRemainingPerformanceObligationsAssetsRecognizedForCostsToObtainOrFulfillContractDetailsDefault">
        <link:definition>090306 - Disclosure - Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers, Remaining Performance Obligations, Assets Recognized for the Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract (Details)Default</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/AcquisitionsDetails" id="AcquisitionsDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Acquisitions-->
        <link:definition>090400 - Disclosure - Acquisitions (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/ReconciliationOfWeightedAverageSharesOutstandingDetails" id="ReconciliationOfWeightedAverageSharesOutstandingDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding-->
        <link:definition>090500 - Disclosure - Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLossDetails" id="AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLossDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss-->
        <link:definition>090600 - Disclosure - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLossReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLossDetails" id="AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLossReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLossDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss-->
        <link:definition>090602 - Disclosure - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RestructuringAndRelatedChargesPretaxRestructuringChargesDetails" id="RestructuringAndRelatedChargesPretaxRestructuringChargesDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Restructuring and Related Charges-->
        <link:definition>090700 - Disclosure - Restructuring and Related Charges, Pre-tax Restructuring Charges (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RestructuringAndRelatedChargesActivityForRestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramLiabilityDetails" id="RestructuringAndRelatedChargesActivityForRestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramLiabilityDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Restructuring and Related Charges-->
        <link:definition>090702 - Disclosure - Restructuring and Related Charges, Activity for Restructuring and Reinvestment Program Liability (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/InventoriesDetails" id="InventoriesDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Inventories-->
        <link:definition>090800 - Disclosure - Inventories (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/ProductDevelopmentAssetsDetails" id="ProductDevelopmentAssetsDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Product Development Assets-->
        <link:definition>090900 - Disclosure - Product Development Assets (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/TechnologyPropertyAndEquipmentDetails" id="TechnologyPropertyAndEquipmentDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Technology, Property and Equipment-->
        <link:definition>091000 - Disclosure - Technology, Property and Equipment (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillDetails" id="GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Goodwill and Intangible Assets-->
        <link:definition>091100 - Disclosure - Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Goodwill (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsDetails" id="GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Goodwill and Intangible Assets-->
        <link:definition>091102 - Disclosure - Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Intangible Assets (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails" id="IncomeTaxesDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Income Taxes-->
        <link:definition>091200 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetailsCalc2" id="IncomeTaxesDetailsCalc2">
        <!--Parent Role: Income Taxes (Details)-->
        <link:definition>091202 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details) Calc 2</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/DebtAndAvailableCreditFacilitiesDetails" id="DebtAndAvailableCreditFacilitiesDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Debt and Available Credit Facilities-->
        <link:definition>091300 - Disclosure - Debt and Available Credit Facilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/DerivativeInstrumentsAndActivitiesDetails" id="DerivativeInstrumentsAndActivitiesDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Derivative Instruments and Activities-->
        <link:definition>091400 - Disclosure - Derivative Instruments and Activities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/CommitmentAndContingenciesDetails" id="CommitmentAndContingenciesDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Commitment and Contingencies-->
        <link:definition>091500 - Disclosure - Commitment and Contingencies (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RetirementPlansRecentPlanCurtailmentsDetails" id="RetirementPlansRecentPlanCurtailmentsDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Retirement Plans-->
        <link:definition>091600 - Disclosure - Retirement Plans, Recent Plan Curtailments (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RetirementPlansComponentsOfNetPensionExpenseIncomeAndWeightedaverageAssumptionsDetails" id="RetirementPlansComponentsOfNetPensionExpenseIncomeAndWeightedaverageAssumptionsDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Retirement Plans-->
        <link:definition>091602 - Disclosure - Retirement Plans, Components of Net Pension Expense (Income) and Weighted-Average Assumptions (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RetirementPlansAmountsInAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLossToBeRecognizedDuringNextFiscalYearDetails" id="RetirementPlansAmountsInAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLossToBeRecognizedDuringNextFiscalYearDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Retirement Plans-->
        <link:definition>091604 - Disclosure - Retirement Plans, Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Be Recognized During Next Fiscal Year (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://wiley.com/role/RetirementPlansChangesInAndStatusOfDefinedBenefitPlansAssetsAndBenefitObligationsDetails" id="RetirementPlansChangesInAndStatusOfDefinedBenefitPlansAssetsAndBenefitObligationsDetails">
        <!--Parent Role: Retirement Plans-->
        <link:definition>091606 - Disclosure - Retirement Plans, Changes in and Status of Defined Benefit Plans' Assets and Benefit Obligations (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lbl1">Common Stock Class B [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CommonClassBMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CommonClassBMember to us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lbl1" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockNumberOfSharesParValueAndOtherDisclosuresAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_CommonStockNumberOfSharesParValueAndOtherDisclosuresAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CommonStockNumberOfSharesParValueAndOtherDisclosuresAbstract_lbl">Common Stock [Abstract]</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl">Common Stock</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComputerSoftwareIntangibleAssetMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_ComputerSoftwareIntangibleAssetMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ComputerSoftwareIntangibleAssetMember_lbl1">Computer Software, Intangible Asset [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ComputerSoftwareIntangibleAssetMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComputerSoftwareIntangibleAssetMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ComputerSoftwareIntangibleAssetMember to us-gaap_ComputerSoftwareIntangibleAssetMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xlink:label="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xlink:title="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl">Revenue recognized from beginning contract liability</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl" xlink:title="label: ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized to us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:title="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl">Contract liability (Deferred revenue) (included in Other Long-Term Liabilities)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:title="label: ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent to us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl1">Contract with Customer, Liability, Noncurrent</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent to us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract" xlink:label="ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract" xlink:title="ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract_lbl">Balances from contracts with customers [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract_lbl" xlink:title="label: ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract to us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:title="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:title="label: ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent to us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl1">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent to us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl2">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent to us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent" xlink:title="ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent_lbl">Sales return reserve recorded in contract liability</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:title="label: ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent to us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent_lbl1">Contract with Customer, Refund Liability, Current</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent to us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:title="ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl">Contract Asset and Liability Balances</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock to us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember" xlink:label="ContractTerminationMember" xlink:title="ContractTerminationMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember_lbl">Consulting and Contract Termination Costs [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractTerminationMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ContractTerminationMember to us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember_lbl1">Contract Termination [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractTerminationMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ContractTerminationMember to us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1" xlink:label="ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1" xlink:title="ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl">Common stock class conversions and other</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl" xlink:title="label: ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1 to us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl1">Conversion of Stock, Shares Issued</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1 to us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember" xlink:label="CorporateNonSegmentMember" xlink:title="CorporateNonSegmentMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember_lbl">Corporate Expenses [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CorporateNonSegmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: CorporateNonSegmentMember to us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember_lbl1">Corporate [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CorporateNonSegmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CorporateNonSegmentMember to us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xlink:label="CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xlink:title="CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl">Cost of sales</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl" xlink:title="label: CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold to us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl1">Cost of sales</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold to us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember" xlink:label="CostOfSalesMember" xlink:title="CostOfSalesMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_lbl">Cost of Sales [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CostOfSalesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: CostOfSalesMember to us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses" xlink:label="CostsAndExpenses" xlink:title="CostsAndExpenses" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_lbl">Total Costs and Expenses</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CostsAndExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_lbl" xlink:title="label: CostsAndExpenses to us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_lbl1">Costs and Expenses</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CostsAndExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CostsAndExpenses to us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:title="CreditFacilityAxis" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl">Credit Facility [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xlink:title="label: CreditFacilityAxis to us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:label="CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:title="CreditFacilityDomain" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_lbl">Credit Facility [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_lbl" xlink:title="label: CreditFacilityDomain to us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption" xlink:label="CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption" xlink:title="CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption_lbl">Adjustment due to adoption of new revenue standard</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption" xlink:to="us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption_lbl" xlink:title="label: CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption to us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption_lbl1">Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption" xlink:to="us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption to us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:title="CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl">State and Local</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xlink:title="label: CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit to us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember" xlink:label="CustomerRelationshipsMember" xlink:title="CustomerRelationshipsMember" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:label="DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:title="DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract" xlink:label="DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract" xlink:title="DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract_lbl">Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract_lbl1">Disaggregation of Revenue [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract to us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract_lbl1" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="DebtDisclosureAbstract" xlink:title="DebtDisclosureAbstract" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_lbl">Cost</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_lbl1">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense, Year Three</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_lbl1" xlink:title="label: FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree to us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_lbl1" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_lbl">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Major Class Name [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_lbl" xlink:title="label: FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain to us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain_lbl" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_lbl">Estimated useful life</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_lbl1">Estimated useful life</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract_lbl">Finite-lived intangible assets [Abstract]</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis_lbl">Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Axis]</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionDomain_lbl">Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionDomain_lbl" xlink:title="label: InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionDomain to us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionDomain_lbl" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwillAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwillAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwillAbstract_lbl">Intangible assets (excluding goodwill) [Abstract]</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy_lbl">Intangible Assets with Finite Lives and Other Long-Lived Assets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy_lbl" xlink:title="label: IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy to us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill" xlink:label="IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill" xlink:title="IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill_lbl1">Intangible Assets, Gross (Excluding Goodwill)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill" xlink:to="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill_lbl1" xlink:title="label: IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill to us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill" xlink:label="IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill" xlink:title="IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl">Intangible Assets, net</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill" xlink:to="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl" xlink:title="label: IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill to us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl1">Total Intangible Assets, Net</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill" xlink:to="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl1" xlink:title="label: IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill to us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl2">Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill" xlink:to="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl2" xlink:title="label: IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill to us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpense" xlink:label="InterestExpense" xlink:title="InterestExpense" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl">Interest Expense</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InterestExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl" xlink:title="label: InterestExpense to us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl1">Interest Expense</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InterestExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl1" xlink:title="label: InterestExpense to us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:label="InterestPaidNet" xlink:title="InterestPaidNet" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl">Interest</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InterestPaidNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xlink:title="label: InterestPaidNet to us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestIncomeMember" xlink:label="InterestIncomeMember" xlink:title="InterestIncomeMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestIncomeMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_InterestIncomeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InterestIncomeMember_lbl">Interest and Other Income [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InterestIncomeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestIncomeMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: InterestIncomeMember to us-gaap_InterestIncomeMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestIncomeMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InterestIncomeMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InterestIncomeMember_lbl1">Interest Income [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InterestIncomeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestIncomeMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: InterestIncomeMember to us-gaap_InterestIncomeMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet" xlink:label="InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet" xlink:title="InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet_lbl">Unrecognized gains to be reclassified into net income in the next twelve months</link:label>
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet_lbl1" xlink:title="label: InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet to us-gaap_InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestRateSwapMember" xlink:label="InterestRateSwapMember" xlink:title="InterestRateSwapMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestRateSwapMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InterestRateSwapMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InterestRateSwapMember_lbl">Interest Rate Swaps [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InterestRateSwapMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestRateSwapMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: InterestRateSwapMember to us-gaap_InterestRateSwapMember_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseMember" xlink:label="InterestExpenseMember" xlink:title="InterestExpenseMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InterestExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InterestExpenseMember_lbl">Interest Expense [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InterestExpenseMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: InterestExpenseMember to us-gaap_InterestExpenseMember_lbl" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoriesMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoriesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoriesMember_lbl">Inventories, Net [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoriesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoriesMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: InventoriesMember to us-gaap_InventoriesMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoriesMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoriesMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoriesMember_lbl1">Inventories [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoriesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoriesMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: InventoriesMember to us-gaap_InventoriesMember_lbl1" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract_lbl">Inventories [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xlink:title="label: InventoryDisclosureAbstract to us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves" xlink:label="InventoryValuationReserves" xlink:title="InventoryValuationReserves" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves_lbl">Inventory obsolescence reserve</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryValuationReserves" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves_lbl" xlink:title="label: InventoryValuationReserves to us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryImpairmentPolicy" xlink:label="InventoryImpairmentPolicy" xlink:title="InventoryImpairmentPolicy" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryImpairmentPolicy_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryImpairmentPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryImpairmentPolicy_lbl">Reserve for Inventory Obsolescence</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryImpairmentPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryImpairmentPolicy_lbl" xlink:title="label: InventoryImpairmentPolicy to us-gaap_InventoryImpairmentPolicy_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryGross" xlink:label="InventoryGross" xlink:title="InventoryGross" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryGross_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryGross_lbl">Gross inventory</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryGross_lbl" xlink:title="label: InventoryGross to us-gaap_InventoryGross_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryGross_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryGross_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryGross_lbl1">Inventory, Gross</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryGross_lbl1" xlink:title="label: InventoryGross to us-gaap_InventoryGross_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:label="InventoryNet" xlink:title="InventoryNet" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl">Inventories, net</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl" xlink:title="label: InventoryNet to us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl1">Total Inventories</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl1" xlink:title="label: InventoryNet to us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl2">Inventory, Net</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl2" xlink:title="label: InventoryNet to us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:label="InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:title="InventoryWorkInProcess" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl">Work-in-Process</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl" xlink:title="label: InventoryWorkInProcess to us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl1">Inventory, Work in Process, Gross</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl1" xlink:title="label: InventoryWorkInProcess to us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve" xlink:label="InventoryLIFOReserve" xlink:title="InventoryLIFOReserve" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve_lbl">LIFO Reserve</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryLIFOReserve" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve_lbl" xlink:title="label: InventoryLIFOReserve to us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve_lbl1">Inventory, LIFO Reserve</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryLIFOReserve" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve_lbl1" xlink:title="label: InventoryLIFOReserve to us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials" xlink:label="InventoryRawMaterials" xlink:title="InventoryRawMaterials" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_lbl">Paper and Other Materials</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryRawMaterials" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_lbl" xlink:title="label: InventoryRawMaterials to us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_lbl1">Inventory, Raw Materials, Gross</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryRawMaterials" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_lbl1" xlink:title="label: InventoryRawMaterials to us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:label="InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:title="InventoryNetAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract_lbl">Inventory, Net [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryNetAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract_lbl" xlink:title="label: InventoryNetAbstract to us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="InventoryPolicyTextBlock" xlink:title="InventoryPolicyTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl">Inventories</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: InventoryPolicyTextBlock to us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl1">Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: InventoryPolicyTextBlock to us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember" xlink:label="LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember" xlink:title="LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember_lbl">LIBOR [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember to us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember_lbl1">London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember to us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount" xlink:label="LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount" xlink:title="LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount_lbl">Variable rate loans outstanding</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount_lbl" xlink:title="label: LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount to us-gaap_LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovementsMember" xlink:label="LandAndLandImprovementsMember" xlink:title="LandAndLandImprovementsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovementsMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovementsMember_lbl">Land and Land Improvements [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LandAndLandImprovementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovementsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: LandAndLandImprovementsMember to us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovementsMember_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:title="LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl">Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:title="label: LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract to us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="Liabilities" xlink:title="Liabilities" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl">Total Liabilities</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xlink:title="label: Liabilities to us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl1">Liabilities</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl1" xlink:title="label: Liabilities to us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:title="LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl">Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xlink:title="label: LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity to us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl1">Liabilities and Equity</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl1" xlink:title="label: LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity to us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:label="LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:title="LiabilitiesAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl">Liabilities [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:title="label: LiabilitiesAbstract to us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:title="LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl">Current Liabilities</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:title="label: LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract to us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:title="LiabilitiesCurrent" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl">Total Current Liabilities</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:title="label: LiabilitiesCurrent to us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl1">Liabilities, Current</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl1" xlink:title="label: LiabilitiesCurrent to us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl1" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LIFOMethodRelatedItemsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LIFOMethodRelatedItemsAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: LIFOMethodRelatedItemsAbstract to us-gaap_LIFOMethodRelatedItemsAbstract_lbl1" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LineOfCreditFacilityCommitmentFeePercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCommitmentFeePercentage_lbl1" xlink:title="label: LineOfCreditFacilityCommitmentFeePercentage to us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCommitmentFeePercentage_lbl1" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="LineOfCreditFacilityAxis" xlink:title="LineOfCreditFacilityAxis" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCredit_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_LineOfCredit_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LineOfCredit_lbl1">Long-term Line of Credit</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl1">Aggregate principal amount</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLenderDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLenderDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLenderDomain_lbl">Line of Credit Facility, Lender [Domain]</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtNoncurrent_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_LongTermDebtNoncurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_LongTermDebtNoncurrent_lbl1">Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NondesignatedMember" xlink:label="NondesignatedMember" xlink:title="NondesignatedMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_NondesignatedMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_NondesignatedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_NondesignatedMember_lbl">Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NondesignatedMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_NondesignatedMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: NondesignatedMember to us-gaap_NondesignatedMember_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent" xlink:label="OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent" xlink:title="OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent_lbl">Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent_lbl" xlink:title="label: OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent to us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent_lbl1">OCI, before Reclassifications, Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent to us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:label="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:title="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl">2020</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl1">Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Next Twelve Months</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:label="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:title="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl">Total</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl1">Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract" xlink:label="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract" xlink:title="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract_lbl">Estimated future minimum annual rental commitments under non-cancelable real and personal property leases [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract_lbl" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet" xlink:label="OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet" xlink:title="OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_lbl">Total</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_lbl" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_lbl1">Operating Leases, Rent Expense, Net</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:title="OperatingLeaseLiability" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl">Operating lease, liability</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeaseLiability to us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract" xlink:label="OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract" xlink:title="OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl">Costs and Expenses</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl" xlink:title="label: OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract to us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl1">Cost of revenue [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract to us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl2">Operating Costs and Expenses [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl2" xlink:title="label: OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract to us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember" xlink:label="OperatingSegmentsMember" xlink:title="OperatingSegmentsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember_lbl">Operating Segments [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingSegmentsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: OperatingSegmentsMember to us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:title="OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl">Operating lease, right-of-use asset</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset to us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1" xlink:label="OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1" xlink:title="OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1_lbl">Less: Sublease Rentals</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1_lbl" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1 to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1_lbl1">Operating Leases, Rent Expense, Sublease Rentals</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1 to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:title="OperatingIncomeLoss" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl">Operating income</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xlink:title="label: OperatingIncomeLoss to us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl1">Operating Income</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OperatingIncomeLoss to us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl2">Operating loss</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl2" xlink:title="label: OperatingIncomeLoss to us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl2" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl3" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl3">Operating Income</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl3" xlink:title="label: OperatingIncomeLoss to us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl3" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems" xlink:label="OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems" xlink:title="OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems_lbl">Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems_lbl" xlink:title="label: OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems to us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:title="OperatingLossCarryforwards" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl">Net operating loss carry forwards</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xlink:title="label: OperatingLossCarryforwards to us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears" xlink:label="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears" xlink:title="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl">2023</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl1">Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments, Due in Four Years</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl1" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter_lbl">Thereafter</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter_lbl1">Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments, Due Thereafter</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears" xlink:label="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears" xlink:title="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears_lbl">2022</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears_lbl1">Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments, Due in Three Years</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears" xlink:label="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears" xlink:title="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears_lbl">2024</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:label="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:title="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears to us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears_lbl1" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationBasisOfPresentationBusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:label="OrganizationConsolidationBasisOfPresentationBusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:title="OrganizationConsolidationBasisOfPresentationBusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCurrentLiabilitiesMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_OtherCurrentLiabilitiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OtherCurrentLiabilitiesMember_lbl">Other Accrued Liabilities [Member]</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCurrentLiabilitiesMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OtherCurrentLiabilitiesMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OtherCurrentLiabilitiesMember_lbl1">Other Current Liabilities [Member]</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesMember_lbl">Other Long-Term Liabilities [Member]</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:label="OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:title="OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:label="OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:title="OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodTax" xlink:label="OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodTax" xlink:title="OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodTax" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:title="OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl">Other Long-Term Liabilities</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract" xlink:label="OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract" xlink:title="OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross" xlink:label="PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross" xlink:title="PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" xlink:label="PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" xlink:title="PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:title="PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl1" xlink:title="label: PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment to us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets" xlink:label="PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets" xlink:title="PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets_lbl1" xlink:title="label: PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets to us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementDefinedBenefitPlansCurrentLiabilities" xlink:label="PensionAndOtherPostretirementDefinedBenefitPlansCurrentLiabilities" xlink:title="PensionAndOtherPostretirementDefinedBenefitPlansCurrentLiabilities" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanAssetCategoriesDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_PlanAssetCategoriesDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_PlanAssetCategoriesDomain_lbl">Plan Asset Categories [Domain]</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl">Plan Name [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl" xlink:title="label: PlanNameDomain to us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl">Preferred Stock, par value (in dollars per share)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xlink:title="label: PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare to us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:title="PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl">Preferred Stock, shares authorized (in shares)</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:title="PreferredStockSharesIssued" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl">Preferred Stock, shares issued (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xlink:title="label: PreferredStockSharesIssued to us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="PreferredStockValue" xlink:title="PreferredStockValue" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl">Preferred Stock, $1 par value: Authorized - 2 million, Issued 0</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PreferredStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl" xlink:title="label: PreferredStockValue to us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl1">Preferred Stock, Value, Issued</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PreferredStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl1" xlink:title="label: PreferredStockValue to us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember" xlink:label="PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember" xlink:title="PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember_lbl">Prepaid and Other Current Assets [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember to us-gaap_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember_lbl1">Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember to us-gaap_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:title="PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:title="label: PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent to us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl1">Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl1" xlink:title="label: PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent to us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription" xlink:label="PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription" xlink:title="PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_lbl">Reclassifications</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities" xlink:label="ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities" xlink:title="ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities_lbl">Proceeds from settlement of foreign exchange forward contracts</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities_lbl1">Proceeds from Hedge, Investing Activities</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfBankOverdrafts" xlink:label="ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfBankOverdrafts" xlink:title="ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfBankOverdrafts" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:title="PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTable_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTable_lbl">Reconciliation of Other Significant Reconciling Items from Segments to Consolidated [Table]</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl">Restructuring and Related Charges</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock to us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl1">Restructuring and Related Activities Disclosure [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock to us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl1" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl">Retained earnings</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xlink:title="label: RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit to us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:label="RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:title="RetainedEarningsMember" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: RetainedEarningsMember to us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeAxis" xlink:label="RetirementPlanTypeAxis" xlink:title="RetirementPlanTypeAxis" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeAxis_lbl">Retirement Plan Type [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RetirementPlanTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:title="label: RetirementPlanTypeAxis to us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeAxis_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationDomain" xlink:label="RetirementPlanSponsorLocationDomain" xlink:title="RetirementPlanSponsorLocationDomain" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationDomain_lbl">Retirement Plan Sponsor Location [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RetirementPlanSponsorLocationDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationDomain_lbl" xlink:title="label: RetirementPlanSponsorLocationDomain to us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationDomain_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeDomain" xlink:label="RetirementPlanTypeDomain" xlink:title="RetirementPlanTypeDomain" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeDomain_lbl">Retirement Plan Type [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RetirementPlanTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeDomain_lbl" xlink:title="label: RetirementPlanTypeDomain to us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeDomain_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis" xlink:label="RetirementPlanNameAxis" xlink:title="RetirementPlanNameAxis" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis_lbl">Retirement Plan Name [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RetirementPlanNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis_lbl" xlink:title="label: RetirementPlanNameAxis to us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis" xlink:label="RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis" xlink:title="RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_lbl">Retirement Plan Sponsor Location [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_lbl" xlink:title="label: RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis to us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="RetirementPlanNameDomain" xlink:title="RetirementPlanNameDomain" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameDomain_lbl">Retirement Plan Name [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RetirementPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameDomain_lbl" xlink:title="label: RetirementPlanNameDomain to us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameDomain_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:title="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl">Revenue, net</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl" xlink:title="label: RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax to us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl1">Revenue</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl1" xlink:title="label: RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax to us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl2">Revenue</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl2" xlink:title="label: RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax to us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionTable" xlink:label="RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionTable" xlink:title="RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionTable" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionTable_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionTable_lbl">Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Table]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionTable_lbl" xlink:title="label: RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionTable to us-gaap_RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionTable_lbl" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenuePerformanceObligationSatisfiedOverTimeAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RevenuePerformanceObligationSatisfiedOverTimeAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RevenuePerformanceObligationSatisfiedOverTimeAbstract_lbl">Remaining Performance Obligations [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenuePerformanceObligationSatisfiedOverTimeAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenuePerformanceObligationSatisfiedOverTimeAbstract_lbl" xlink:title="label: RevenuePerformanceObligationSatisfiedOverTimeAbstract to us-gaap_RevenuePerformanceObligationSatisfiedOverTimeAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:label="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:title="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract_lbl" xlink:title="label: RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract to us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract_lbl" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl">Remaining performance obligations</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xlink:title="label: RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation to us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionLineItems" xlink:label="RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionLineItems" xlink:title="RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionLineItems" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionLineItems_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionLineItems_lbl">Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionLineItems_lbl" xlink:title="label: RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionLineItems to us-gaap_RevenueInitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionLineItems_lbl" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl">Revenue from Contract with Customer</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock to us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" xlink:label="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" xlink:title="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock to us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_lbl" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_lbl" xlink:title="label: RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1 to us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:label="RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:title="RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_lbl">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Table]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_lbl" xlink:title="label: RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable to us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" xlink:label="RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" xlink:title="RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_lbl">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_lbl" xlink:title="label: RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis to us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:label="RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:title="RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember" xlink:label="ShippingAndHandlingMember" xlink:title="ShippingAndHandlingMember" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_SoftwareDevelopmentMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_SoftwareDevelopmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_SoftwareDevelopmentMember_lbl">Software Development [Member]</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesRestrictedStock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesRestrictedStock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesRestrictedStock_lbl1">Weighted Average Number of Shares, Restricted Stock</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesRestrictedStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesRestrictedStock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesRestrictedStock to us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesRestrictedStock_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:title="WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl">Diluted (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:title="label: WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding to us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:title="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl1">Shares Used for Diluted Earnings Per Share (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl1" xlink:title="label: WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding to us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl2">Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl2" xlink:title="label: WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding to us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2018/elts/us-gaap-2018-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic" xlink:label="WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic" xlink:title="WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic_lbl">Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic_lbl" xlink:title="label: WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic to us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:label="ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:title="ConsolidationItemsAxis" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_lbl">Consolidation Items [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ConsolidationItemsAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_lbl" xlink:title="label: ConsolidationItemsAxis to srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:label="ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:title="ConsolidationItemsDomain" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_lbl">Consolidation Items [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ConsolidationItemsDomain" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_lbl" xlink:title="label: ConsolidationItemsDomain to srt_ConsolidationItemsDomain_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="MaximumMember" xlink:title="MaximumMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_MaximumMember_lbl">Maximum [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="MaximumMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: MaximumMember to srt_MaximumMember_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="MinimumMember" xlink:title="MinimumMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_MinimumMember_lbl">Minimum [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="MinimumMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: MinimumMember to srt_MinimumMember_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:label="ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:title="ProductsAndServicesDomain" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl">Product and Service [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl" xlink:title="label: ProductsAndServicesDomain to srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:title="ProductOrServiceAxis" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl">Product and Service [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xlink:title="label: ProductOrServiceAxis to srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember" xlink:label="ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember" xlink:title="ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_lbl">Reportable Geographical Components [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember" xlink:to="srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember to srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_RangeMember" xlink:label="RangeMember" xlink:title="RangeMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_RangeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_RangeMember_lbl">Range [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: RangeMember to srt_RangeMember_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="RangeAxis" xlink:title="RangeAxis" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_RangeAxis_lbl">Range [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xlink:title="label: RangeAxis to srt_RangeAxis_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="ScheduleOfValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:title="ScheduleOfValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_ScheduleOfValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_ScheduleOfValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl">Schedule II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ScheduleOfValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: ScheduleOfValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTextBlock to srt_ScheduleOfValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:label="SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:title="SegmentGeographicalDomain" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl">Geographical [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl" xlink:title="label: SegmentGeographicalDomain to srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:title="StatementGeographicalAxis" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl">Geographical [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xlink:title="label: StatementGeographicalAxis to srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTable" xlink:label="ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTable" xlink:title="ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTable" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTable_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTable_lbl">Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Table]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTable" xlink:to="srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTable_lbl" xlink:title="label: ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTable to srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTable_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsAbstract" xlink:label="ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsAbstract" xlink:title="ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsAbstract_lbl">Schedule II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsAbstract" xlink:to="srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsAbstract_lbl" xlink:title="label: ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsAbstract to srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureLineItems" xlink:title="ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureLineItems" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureLineItems_lbl">Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xlink:title="label: ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureLineItems to srt_ValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureLineItems_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2018/elts/srt-2018-01-31.xsd#srt_WeightedAverageMember" xlink:label="WeightedAverageMember" xlink:title="WeightedAverageMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="srt_WeightedAverageMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="srt_WeightedAverageMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="srt_WeightedAverageMember_lbl">Weighted Average [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="WeightedAverageMember" xlink:to="srt_WeightedAverageMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: WeightedAverageMember to srt_WeightedAverageMember_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd#country_AU" xlink:label="AU" xlink:title="AU" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_AU_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="country_AU_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_AU_lbl">Australia [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AU" xlink:to="country_AU_lbl" xlink:title="label: AU to country_AU_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_AU_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="country_AU_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_AU_lbl1">Australia [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AU" xlink:to="country_AU_lbl1" xlink:title="label: AU to country_AU_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd#country_CA" xlink:label="CA" xlink:title="CA" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_CA_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="country_CA_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_CA_lbl">Canada [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CA" xlink:to="country_CA_lbl" xlink:title="label: CA to country_CA_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd#country_CN" xlink:label="CN" xlink:title="CN" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_CN_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="country_CN_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_CN_lbl">China [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CN" xlink:to="country_CN_lbl" xlink:title="label: CN to country_CN_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_CN_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="country_CN_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_CN_lbl1">CHINA</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CN" xlink:to="country_CN_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CN to country_CN_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd#country_DE" xlink:label="DE" xlink:title="DE" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_DE_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="country_DE_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_DE_lbl">Germany [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DE" xlink:to="country_DE_lbl" xlink:title="label: DE to country_DE_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd#country_FR" xlink:label="FR" xlink:title="FR" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_FR_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="country_FR_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_FR_lbl">France [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="FR" xlink:to="country_FR_lbl" xlink:title="label: FR to country_FR_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_FR_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="country_FR_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_FR_lbl1">FRANCE</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="FR" xlink:to="country_FR_lbl1" xlink:title="label: FR to country_FR_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd#country_GB" xlink:label="GB" xlink:title="GB" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_GB_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="country_GB_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_GB_lbl">United Kingdom [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="GB" xlink:to="country_GB_lbl" xlink:title="label: GB to country_GB_lbl" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd#country_IN" xlink:label="IN" xlink:title="IN" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_IN_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="country_IN_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_IN_lbl">India [Member]</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_IN_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="country_IN_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_IN_lbl1">INDIA</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd#country_JP" xlink:label="JP" xlink:title="JP" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_JP_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="country_JP_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_JP_lbl">Japan [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="JP" xlink:to="country_JP_lbl" xlink:title="label: JP to country_JP_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_JP_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="country_JP_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_JP_lbl1">JAPAN</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="US" xlink:title="US" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_US_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="country_US_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_US_lbl">U.S. [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="US" xlink:to="country_US_lbl" xlink:title="label: US to country_US_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="country_US_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="country_US_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="country_US_lbl1">United States [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="US" xlink:to="country_US_lbl1" xlink:title="label: US to country_US_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetCashInOperatingActivitiesResultingFromReclassificationOfRestrictedCashIntoChangeInTotalCash" xlink:label="IncreaseDecreaseInNetCashInOperatingActivitiesResultingFromReclassificationOfRestrictedCashIntoChangeInTotalCash" xlink:title="IncreaseDecreaseInNetCashInOperatingActivitiesResultingFromReclassificationOfRestrictedCashIntoChangeInTotalCash" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member" xlink:label="CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member" xlink:title="CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member_lbl">Calculated under guidance for revenue recognition in effect subsequent to change to new guidance for revenue from contract with customer when using transition method for cumulative effect in period including initial date of application.</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member_lbl1">Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect after Topic 606 [Member]</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member_lbl2">Balances upon Adoption of Topic 606 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member" xlink:to="jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member_lbl2" xlink:title="label: CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member to jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract" xlink:label="RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract" xlink:title="RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract_lbl1">Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract to jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract_lbl1" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards" xlink:label="AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards" xlink:title="AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards_lbl">Amount that was netted down from accounts receivable and deferred revenue as of the date of the report due to implementing new accounting standards.</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards_lbl1">Accounts Receivable, Net of Deferred Revenue, Change Due to Implementing New Accounting Standards</link:label>
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards" xlink:to="jwa_AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards_lbl2" xlink:title="label: AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards to jwa_AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member" xlink:label="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member" xlink:title="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl">Distribution of earnings in the form of cash, property or capital stock declared in Q4 current year by the board of directors to be distributed to shareholders.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl1">Dividend Declared In Current Year Q4 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl2">Dividend Declared in Q4 2019 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl2" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member" xlink:label="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member" xlink:title="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl">Distribution of earnings in the form of cash, property or capital stock declared in Q2 current year by the board of directors to be distributed to shareholders.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl1">Dividend Declared in Current Year Q2 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl2">Dividend Declared in Q2 2019 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl2" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member" xlink:label="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member" xlink:title="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl">Distribution of earnings in the form of cash, property or capital stock declared in Q3 current year by the board of directors to be distributed to shareholders.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl1">Dividend Declared in Current Year Q3 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl2">Dividend Declared in Q3 2019 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl2" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member" xlink:label="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member" xlink:title="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl">Distribution of earnings in the form of cash, property or capital stock declared in Q1 current year by the board of directors to be distributed to shareholders.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl1">Dividend Declared in Current Year Q1 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl2">Dividend Declared in Q1 2019 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl2" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_TermLoanAFacilityMember" xlink:label="TermLoanAFacilityMember" xlink:title="TermLoanAFacilityMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_TermLoanAFacilityMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_TermLoanAFacilityMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_TermLoanAFacilityMember_lbl">A term loan is a monetary loan that is repaid in regular payments over a set period of time. Term loans usually last between one and ten years, but may last as long as 30 years in some cases. A term loan usually involves an unfixed interest rate that will add additional balance to be repaid.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TermLoanAFacilityMember" xlink:to="jwa_TermLoanAFacilityMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: TermLoanAFacilityMember to jwa_TermLoanAFacilityMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_TermLoanAFacilityMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_TermLoanAFacilityMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_TermLoanAFacilityMember_lbl1">Term Loan A Facility [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TermLoanAFacilityMember" xlink:to="jwa_TermLoanAFacilityMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: TermLoanAFacilityMember to jwa_TermLoanAFacilityMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract" xlink:label="AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract" xlink:title="AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract_lbl1">Amended and Restated Credit Agreement [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract to jwa_AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany" xlink:label="CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany" xlink:title="CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl">Amount of cash to be paid to the equity shareholders of the acquiree company under the terms of the agreement.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany" xlink:to="jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl" xlink:title="label: CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany to jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl1">Cash to be paid to equity shareholders of acquiree company</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany" xlink:to="jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany to jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl2">Cash to be paid to equity shareholders of acquiree company</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany" xlink:to="jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl2" xlink:title="label: CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany to jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member" xlink:label="DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member" xlink:title="DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl">Distribution of earnings in the form of cash, property or capital stock declared in Q1 next year by the board of directors to be distributed to shareholders.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl1">Dividend Declared in Next Year Q1 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl2">Dividend Declared in Q1 2020 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member" xlink:to="jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl2" xlink:title="label: DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member to jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_CashDividendAbstract" xlink:label="CashDividendAbstract" xlink:title="CashDividendAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl1">Cash Dividend [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CashDividendAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CashDividendAbstract to jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl2">Dividend [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CashDividendAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl2" xlink:title="label: CashDividendAbstract to jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl2" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl3" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl3">Cash dividend [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CashDividendAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl3" xlink:title="label: CashDividendAbstract to jwa_CashDividendAbstract_lbl3" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ZyanteIncMember" xlink:label="ZyanteIncMember" xlink:title="ZyanteIncMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl">A leading digital courseware provider for computer science and other STEM disciplines.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ZyanteIncMember" xlink:to="jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ZyanteIncMember to jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl1">Zyante Inc. [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ZyanteIncMember" xlink:to="jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ZyanteIncMember to jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl2">zybooks [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ZyanteIncMember" xlink:to="jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ZyanteIncMember to jwa_ZyanteIncMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount" xlink:label="RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount" xlink:title="RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl">Amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligation that has not been recognized as revenue excluding sales return reserve.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount" xlink:to="jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl" xlink:title="label: RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount to jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl1">Revenue Excluding Sales Return Reserve, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount" xlink:to="jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl1" xlink:title="label: RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount to jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl2">Remaining performance obligations excluding sales return reserve</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount" xlink:to="jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl2" xlink:title="label: RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount to jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember" xlink:label="CoursewareWileyPLUSMember" xlink:title="CoursewareWileyPLUSMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl">Publishing revenue from Courseware solution products/services.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CoursewareWileyPLUSMember" xlink:to="jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: CoursewareWileyPLUSMember to jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl1">Courseware (WileyPLUS) [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CoursewareWileyPLUSMember" xlink:to="jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CoursewareWileyPLUSMember to jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl2">Courseware (WileyPLUS) [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CoursewareWileyPLUSMember" xlink:to="jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: CoursewareWileyPLUSMember to jwa_CoursewareWileyPLUSMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_OpenAccessMember" xlink:label="OpenAccessMember" xlink:title="OpenAccessMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl">Revenue by product/service deriving from open access.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OpenAccessMember" xlink:to="jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: OpenAccessMember to jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl1">Open Access [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OpenAccessMember" xlink:to="jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OpenAccessMember to jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl2">Open Access [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OpenAccessMember" xlink:to="jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: OpenAccessMember to jwa_OpenAccessMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember" xlink:label="LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember" xlink:title="LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl">Publishing revenue from licensing, distribution, advertising and other products/services.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember" xlink:to="jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember to jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl1">Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember" xlink:to="jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember to jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl2">Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember" xlink:to="jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember to jwa_LicensingDistributionAdvertisingAndOtherMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_EducationPublishingMember" xlink:label="EducationPublishingMember" xlink:title="EducationPublishingMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl">Revenue by product/service deriving from education publishing.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EducationPublishingMember" xlink:to="jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: EducationPublishingMember to jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl1">Education Publishing [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EducationPublishingMember" xlink:to="jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: EducationPublishingMember to jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl2">Education Publishing [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EducationPublishingMember" xlink:to="jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: EducationPublishingMember to jwa_EducationPublishingMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_CorporateLearningMember" xlink:label="CorporateLearningMember" xlink:title="CorporateLearningMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl">Revenue by product service.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CorporateLearningMember" xlink:to="jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: CorporateLearningMember to jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl1">Corporate Learning [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CorporateLearningMember" xlink:to="jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CorporateLearningMember to jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl2">Corporate Learning [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CorporateLearningMember" xlink:to="jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: CorporateLearningMember to jwa_CorporateLearningMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember" xlink:label="STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember" xlink:title="STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl">Revenue by product/service deriving from STM and professional and education publishing</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember" xlink:to="jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember to jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl1">STM and Professional and Education Publishing [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember" xlink:to="jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember to jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl2">STM and Professional Publishing [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember" xlink:to="jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember to jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember" xlink:label="LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember" xlink:title="LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl">Revenue by product/service deriving from licensing, reprints, backfiles and other.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember" xlink:to="jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember to jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl1">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other (Research segment) [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember" xlink:to="jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember to jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl2">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember" xlink:to="jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember to jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions" xlink:label="NumberOfAcademicInstitutions" xlink:title="NumberOfAcademicInstitutions" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl">Number of academic institutions. during the period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfAcademicInstitutions" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl" xlink:title="label: NumberOfAcademicInstitutions to jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl1">Number of Academic Institutions</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfAcademicInstitutions" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl1" xlink:title="label: NumberOfAcademicInstitutions to jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl2">Number of academic institutions</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfAcademicInstitutions" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl2" xlink:title="label: NumberOfAcademicInstitutions to jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_JournalRevenueMember" xlink:label="JournalRevenueMember" xlink:title="JournalRevenueMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl">Revenue by product service.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="JournalRevenueMember" xlink:to="jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: JournalRevenueMember to jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl1">Journal Revenue [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="JournalRevenueMember" xlink:to="jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: JournalRevenueMember to jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl2">Journals Subscriptions [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="JournalRevenueMember" xlink:to="jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: JournalRevenueMember to jwa_JournalRevenueMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember" xlink:label="TestPreparationAndCertificationMember" xlink:title="TestPreparationAndCertificationMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl">Publishing revenue from test preparation and certification products/services.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TestPreparationAndCertificationMember" xlink:to="jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: TestPreparationAndCertificationMember to jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl1">Test Preparation and Certification [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TestPreparationAndCertificationMember" xlink:to="jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: TestPreparationAndCertificationMember to jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl2">Test Preparation and Certification [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TestPreparationAndCertificationMember" xlink:to="jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: TestPreparationAndCertificationMember to jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember" xlink:label="OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember" xlink:title="OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl">The administration component of the entity's shared in online program management.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember" xlink:to="jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember to jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl1">Online Program Management (Deltak) [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember" xlink:to="jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember to jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl2">Education Services [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember" xlink:to="jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember to jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember" xlink:label="PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember" xlink:title="PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl">Revenue by product/service deriving from publishing technology services (Atypon).</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember" xlink:to="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember to jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl1">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember" xlink:to="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember to jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl2">Publishing Technology Services [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember" xlink:to="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember to jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl2" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl3" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl3">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember" xlink:to="jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl3" xlink:title="label: PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember to jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember_lbl3" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember" xlink:label="ProfessionalAssessmentMember" xlink:title="ProfessionalAssessmentMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl">Revenue by product service.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProfessionalAssessmentMember" xlink:to="jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ProfessionalAssessmentMember to jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl1">Professional Assessment [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProfessionalAssessmentMember" xlink:to="jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ProfessionalAssessmentMember to jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl2">Professional Assessment [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProfessionalAssessmentMember" xlink:to="jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ProfessionalAssessmentMember to jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished" xlink:label="NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished" xlink:title="NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl">Number of academic research journals published during the period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl" xlink:title="label: NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished to jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl1">Number of Academic Research Journals Published</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl1" xlink:title="label: NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished to jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl2">Number of academic research journals published</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl2" xlink:title="label: NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished to jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts" xlink:label="NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts" xlink:title="NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl">The number of content assets available for corporate learning contracts including learning formats and modules such as leadership, diversity, value creation, client orientation, change and corporate strategy.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl" xlink:title="label: NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts to jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl1">Number of Content Assets Available for Corporate Learning Contracts</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl1" xlink:title="label: NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts to jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl2">Number of content assets available for corporate learning contracts</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl2" xlink:title="label: NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts to jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts" xlink:label="NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts" xlink:title="NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl">Number of languages in which contents for learning formats and modules on topics are available.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl" xlink:title="label: NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts to jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl1">Number of Languages Available for Learning Contracts</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl1" xlink:title="label: NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts to jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl2">Number of languages available for learning contracts</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl2" xlink:title="label: NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts to jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DurationOfContracts" xlink:label="DurationOfContracts" xlink:title="DurationOfContracts" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl">The duration of contracts in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DurationOfContracts" xlink:to="jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl" xlink:title="label: DurationOfContracts to jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl1">Duration of Contracts</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DurationOfContracts" xlink:to="jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DurationOfContracts to jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl2">Duration of contract</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DurationOfContracts" xlink:to="jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl2" xlink:title="label: DurationOfContracts to jwa_DurationOfContracts_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent" xlink:label="IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent" xlink:title="IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl">The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the amount due from customers for the credit sale of goods and services non current.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent" xlink:to="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl" xlink:title="label: IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent to jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl1">Increase Decrease In Contract With Customer Liability Non Current</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent" xlink:to="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl1" xlink:title="label: IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent to jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl2">Contract liability (Deferred revenue) (included in Other Long-Term Liabilities)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent" xlink:to="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl2" xlink:title="label: IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent to jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_CrossKnowledgeMember" xlink:label="CrossKnowledgeMember" xlink:title="CrossKnowledgeMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CrossKnowledgeMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_CrossKnowledgeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CrossKnowledgeMember_lbl">Refers to acquiree in a material business combination, completed during the period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CrossKnowledgeMember" xlink:to="jwa_CrossKnowledgeMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: CrossKnowledgeMember to jwa_CrossKnowledgeMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CrossKnowledgeMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_CrossKnowledgeMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CrossKnowledgeMember_lbl1">CrossKnowledge [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CrossKnowledgeMember" xlink:to="jwa_CrossKnowledgeMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CrossKnowledgeMember to jwa_CrossKnowledgeMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl">The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock options, that increased due to performance.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Increase in Shares Due to Performance</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl2">Change in Shares Due to Performance (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsIncreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_KeyEmployeesMember" xlink:label="KeyEmployeesMember" xlink:title="KeyEmployeesMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_KeyEmployeesMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_KeyEmployeesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_KeyEmployeesMember_lbl">Key employees of the entity.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="KeyEmployeesMember" xlink:to="jwa_KeyEmployeesMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: KeyEmployeesMember to jwa_KeyEmployeesMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_KeyEmployeesMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_KeyEmployeesMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_KeyEmployeesMember_lbl1">Key Employees [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="KeyEmployeesMember" xlink:to="jwa_KeyEmployeesMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: KeyEmployeesMember to jwa_KeyEmployeesMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl">The weighted average fair value at grant date for nonvested equity-based awards that changed due to performance during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Change in shares due to performance, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl2">Change in Shares Due to Performance (in dollars per share)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl">Fourth portion of share-based compensation award differentiated by a particular vesting feature, including, but not limited to, performance measure or service period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Four [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl2">Vesting on Second Anniversary Date after Award Is Earned [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl">The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock options, that decreased due to performance.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Decrease in Shares Due to Performance</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl2">Change in Shares Due to Performance (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl">The period of time during which certain financial performance-based targets must be achieved in order to trigger payment of performance-based restricted stock awards under the terms of the long-term incentive plans, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Period for achievement of performance-based targets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl2">Period for achievement of performance-based targets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl">Eighth portion of share-based compensation award differentiated by a particular vesting feature, including, but not limited to, performance measure or service period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Eight [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl2">Annual Vesting on Anniversary of Grant [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl">Seventh portion of share-based compensation award differentiated by a particular vesting feature, including, but not limited to, performance measure or service period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Seven [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl2">Vesting on April 30th of Year Following Performance Cycle [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl">Sixth portion of share-based compensation award differentiated by a particular vesting feature, including, but not limited to, performance measure or service period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Six [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl2">Vesting at End of Performance Cycle [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember" xlink:label="August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember" xlink:title="August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl">Forward based contracts dated August 2014 in which two parties agree to swap periodic payments that are fixed at the outset of the swap contract with variable payments based on a market interest rate (index rate) over a specified period. This interest rate swap agreement fixed a portion of the variable interest due on the variable rate loans outstanding.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember" xlink:to="jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember to jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl1">August 2014 Interest Rate Swap Variable Rate Loans [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember" xlink:to="jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember to jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl2">August 2014 Interest Rate Swap (Variable Rate Loans) [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember" xlink:to="jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember to jwa_August2014InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember" xlink:label="April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember" xlink:title="April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl">Forward based contracts dated April 2016 in which two parties agree to swap periodic payments that are fixed at the outset of the swap contract with variable payments based on a market interest rate (index rate) over a specified period. This interest rate swap agreement fixed a portion of the variable interest due on the variable rate loans outstanding.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember" xlink:to="jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember to jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl1">April 2016 Interest Rate Swap Variable Rate Loans [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember" xlink:to="jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember to jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl2">April 2016 Interest Rate Swap (Variable Rate Loans) [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember" xlink:to="jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember to jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate" xlink:label="DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate" xlink:title="DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl">Term of the interest rate that fluctuates over time based on an underlying benchmark interest rate or index, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate" xlink:to="jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl" xlink:title="label: DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate to jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl1">Debt Instrument, Term of Variable Rate</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate" xlink:to="jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate to jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl2">Term of variable rate</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate" xlink:to="jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl2" xlink:title="label: DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate to jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_CapitalStockAbstract" xlink:label="CapitalStockAbstract" xlink:title="CapitalStockAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CapitalStockAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_CapitalStockAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CapitalStockAbstract_lbl1">Capital Stock [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CapitalStockAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_CapitalStockAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CapitalStockAbstract to jwa_CapitalStockAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CapitalStockAbstract_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_CapitalStockAbstract_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CapitalStockAbstract_lbl2">Capital Stock [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CapitalStockAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_CapitalStockAbstract_lbl2" xlink:title="label: CapitalStockAbstract to jwa_CapitalStockAbstract_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember" xlink:label="NonPerformanceSharesMember" xlink:title="NonPerformanceSharesMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl">Other than shares or units awarded to employees for meeting certain performance targets.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NonPerformanceSharesMember" xlink:to="jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: NonPerformanceSharesMember to jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl1">Non Performance Shares [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NonPerformanceSharesMember" xlink:to="jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: NonPerformanceSharesMember to jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl2">Non-Performance Shares [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NonPerformanceSharesMember" xlink:to="jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: NonPerformanceSharesMember to jwa_NonPerformanceSharesMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract" xlink:label="ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract" xlink:title="ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract_lbl1">Changes in Common Stock in Treasury [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract to jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract_lbl2">Changes in Common Stock in Treasury [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract to jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract" xlink:label="ChangesInCommonStockAbstract" xlink:title="ChangesInCommonStockAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract_lbl1">Changes in Common Stock [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ChangesInCommonStockAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ChangesInCommonStockAbstract to jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract_lbl2">Changes in Common Stock [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ChangesInCommonStockAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ChangesInCommonStockAbstract to jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member" xlink:label="ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member" xlink:title="ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl">A share repurchase program approved by the Board of Directors of the Company for shares of Class A or Class B Common Stock during fiscal year 2017.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member" xlink:to="jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member to jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl1">Share Repurchase Program in 2017 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member" xlink:to="jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member to jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl2">2017 Share Repurchase Program [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member" xlink:to="jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member to jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders" xlink:label="PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders" xlink:title="PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl">Description of voting rights of common stock. Includes eligibility to vote and votes per share owned. Include also, if any, unusual voting rights.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders" xlink:to="jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl" xlink:title="label: PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders to jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl1">Percentage of the Board of Directors elected by Class A common stockholders</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders" xlink:to="jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl1" xlink:title="label: PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders to jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl2">Percentage of the Board of Directors elected by Class A common stockholders</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders" xlink:to="jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl2" xlink:title="label: PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders to jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible" xlink:label="ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible" xlink:title="ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl">The number of shares of Class A Common Stock into which each share of Class B Common Stock is convertible.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible" xlink:to="jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl" xlink:title="label: ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible to jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl1">Class A Common shares into which each share of Class B Common Stock is convertible</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible" xlink:to="jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible to jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl2">Class A Common shares into which each share of Class B Common Stock is convertible (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible" xlink:to="jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible to jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock" xlink:label="NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock" xlink:title="NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl">The number of votes to which each share of common stock is entitled, excluding election of Directors.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl" xlink:title="label: NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock to jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl1">Number of votes entitlement per share of Class A common stock</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock to jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl2">Number of votes to which each share of common stock is entitled</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl2" xlink:title="label: NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock to jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_BalancedManagedFundsMember" xlink:label="BalancedManagedFundsMember" xlink:title="BalancedManagedFundsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_BalancedManagedFundsMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_BalancedManagedFundsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_BalancedManagedFundsMember_lbl">This element represents an investment that provides a return in the form of balanced managed funds.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="BalancedManagedFundsMember" xlink:to="jwa_BalancedManagedFundsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: BalancedManagedFundsMember to jwa_BalancedManagedFundsMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_BalancedManagedFundsMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_BalancedManagedFundsMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_BalancedManagedFundsMember_lbl1">Balanced Managed Funds [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="BalancedManagedFundsMember" xlink:to="jwa_BalancedManagedFundsMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: BalancedManagedFundsMember to jwa_BalancedManagedFundsMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember" xlink:label="FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember" xlink:title="FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl">This element represents an investment that provides a return in the form of fixed periodic payments and eventual return of principal at maturity. Also includes plan assets held in cash.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember" xlink:to="jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember to jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl1">Fixed Income Securities and Cash [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember" xlink:to="jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember to jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl2">Fixed Income Securities and Cash [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember" xlink:to="jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember to jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate" xlink:label="AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate" xlink:title="AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl">Percentage of acceptable ranges within which asset allocations will fluctuate.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate" xlink:to="jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl" xlink:title="label: AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate to jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl1">Acceptable ranges within which asset allocations will fluctuate</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate" xlink:to="jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl1" xlink:title="label: AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate to jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl2">Acceptable ranges within which asset allocations will fluctuate</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate" xlink:to="jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl2" xlink:title="label: AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate to jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember" xlink:label="DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember" xlink:title="DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl">Security representing ownership in limited partnership, not domiciled in United States of America (US), for which ownership is represented by share of stock; in which defined benefit plan asset is invested. Includes, but is not limited to, common stock, preferred stock, convertible security, stock right and stock warrant.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember to jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl1">Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Securities, Non-US, Limited Partnership [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember to jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl2">Global Equity Securites: Limited Partnership [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember to jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember" xlink:label="DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember" xlink:title="DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl">Property composed of building, land and land improvement included in a commingled trust fund; in which defined benefit plan asset is invested.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember to jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl1">Defined Benefit Plan, Real Estate, Commingled Trust Fund [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember to jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl2">Other: Real Estate Commingled Trust Fund [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember to jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns" xlink:label="InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns" xlink:title="InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl">Amount of inventory reserves for estimated sales returns.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns" xlink:to="jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl" xlink:title="label: InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns to jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl1">Inventory, Reserve for Estimated Sales Returns</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns" xlink:to="jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl1" xlink:title="label: InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns to jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl2">Inventory Value of Estimated Sales Returns</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns" xlink:to="jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl2" xlink:title="label: InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns to jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn" xlink:label="LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn" xlink:title="LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl">Amount drawn from the line of credit facility during the period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn" xlink:to="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl" xlink:title="label: LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn to jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl1">Line Of Credit Facility, Amount Drawn</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn" xlink:to="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl1" xlink:title="label: LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn to jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl2">Line of credit facility, amount drawn</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn" xlink:to="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl2" xlink:title="label: LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn to jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityAmountDrawn_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_SantanderBankNAMember" xlink:label="SantanderBankNAMember" xlink:title="SantanderBankNAMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SantanderBankNAMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_SantanderBankNAMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SantanderBankNAMember_lbl">The lender with which the Company entered into a U.S. dollar revolving credit facility on December 22, 2014.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SantanderBankNAMember" xlink:to="jwa_SantanderBankNAMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: SantanderBankNAMember to jwa_SantanderBankNAMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SantanderBankNAMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_SantanderBankNAMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SantanderBankNAMember_lbl1">Santander Bank, N.A. [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SantanderBankNAMember" xlink:to="jwa_SantanderBankNAMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: SantanderBankNAMember to jwa_SantanderBankNAMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:label="PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:title="PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl">Previous arrangement in which loan proceeds can continuously be obtained following repayments, but the total amount borrowed cannot exceed a specified maximum amount.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:to="jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember to jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl1">Previous Revolving Credit Facility [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:to="jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember to jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl2">Previous Revolving Credit Agreement [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:to="jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember to jwa_PreviousRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:label="AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:title="AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl">Amended and extended arrangement in which loan proceeds can continuously be obtained following repayments, but the total amount borrowed cannot exceed a specified maximum amount.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:to="jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember to jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl1">Amended and Extended Revolving Credit Facility [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:to="jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember to jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl2">Amended and Extended Revolving Credit Agreement [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:to="jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember to jwa_AmendedAndExtendedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember" xlink:label="SyndicateBankGroupMember" xlink:title="SyndicateBankGroupMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl">The joint lead arrangers with which the Company maintains a credit facility.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SyndicateBankGroupMember" xlink:to="jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: SyndicateBankGroupMember to jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl1">Syndicate Bank Group [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SyndicateBankGroupMember" xlink:to="jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: SyndicateBankGroupMember to jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl2">Syndicate Bank Group led by Bank of America [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SyndicateBankGroupMember" xlink:to="jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: SyndicateBankGroupMember to jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_TDBankNAMember" xlink:label="TDBankNAMember" xlink:title="TDBankNAMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_TDBankNAMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_TDBankNAMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_TDBankNAMember_lbl">The lender with which the Company entered into a U.S. dollar facility on October 31, 2014.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TDBankNAMember" xlink:to="jwa_TDBankNAMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: TDBankNAMember to jwa_TDBankNAMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_TDBankNAMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_TDBankNAMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_TDBankNAMember_lbl1">TD Bank, N.A. [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TDBankNAMember" xlink:to="jwa_TDBankNAMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: TDBankNAMember to jwa_TDBankNAMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember" xlink:label="OtherCreditFacilitiesMember" xlink:title="OtherCreditFacilitiesMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember_lbl">A contractual arrangement with a lender under which borrowings can be made up to a specific amount at any point in time, and under which borrowings outstanding may be either short-term or long-term, depending upon the particulars.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OtherCreditFacilitiesMember" xlink:to="jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: OtherCreditFacilitiesMember to jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember_lbl1">Other Credit Facilities [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OtherCreditFacilitiesMember" xlink:to="jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OtherCreditFacilitiesMember to jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement" xlink:label="LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement" xlink:title="LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl">Period of time, after which the revolving credit facility is reinstated, in PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement" xlink:to="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl" xlink:title="label: LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement to jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl1">Line of Credit Facility, Period for Reinstatement</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement" xlink:to="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl1" xlink:title="label: LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement to jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl2">Period for reinstatement of revolving credit facility</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement" xlink:to="jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl2" xlink:title="label: LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement to jwa_LineOfCreditFacilityPeriodForReinstatement_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested" xlink:label="MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested" xlink:title="MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl">The minimum incremental amount by which the entity may request an optional increase to the maximum borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested" xlink:to="jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl" xlink:title="label: MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested to jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl1">Minimum Increments In Which Optional Credit Limit Increases May Be Requested</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested" xlink:to="jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl1" xlink:title="label: MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested to jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl2">Minimum increments in which optional credit limit increase may be requested</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested" xlink:to="jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl2" xlink:title="label: MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested to jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate" xlink:label="DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate" xlink:title="DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl">Margin rate over reference rate used to calculate the lenders base rate.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate" xlink:to="jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl" xlink:title="label: DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate to jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl1">Debt Instrument, Margin on Reference Rate Used in Determining Base Rate</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate" xlink:to="jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate to jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl2">Margin rate over reference rate used in determining base rate</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate" xlink:to="jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl2" xlink:title="label: DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate to jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest" xlink:label="OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest" xlink:title="OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl">The total amount by which the entity may request an optional increase to the maximum borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility. This may consist of one request or several requests in minimum increments as specified under the revolving credit agreement.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest" xlink:to="jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl" xlink:title="label: OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest to jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl1">Optional Credit Limit Increase Available On Request</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest" xlink:to="jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest to jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl2">Optional credit limit increase available on request</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest" xlink:to="jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl2" xlink:title="label: OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest to jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin" xlink:label="DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin" xlink:title="DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl">Percentage points added to compute the variable rate on the debt instrument.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin" xlink:to="jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl" xlink:title="label: DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin to jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl1">Debt Instrument, Applicable Margin</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin" xlink:to="jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin to jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl2">Applicable margin</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin" xlink:to="jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl2" xlink:title="label: DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin to jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember" xlink:label="EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember" xlink:title="EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl">Primary financial statement caption encompassing current employee-related liabilities.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember" xlink:to="jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember to jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl1">Employee-related Liabilities, Current [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember" xlink:to="jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember to jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl2">Accrued Employment Costs [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember" xlink:to="jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember to jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember" xlink:label="RevenueFromExportSalesMember" xlink:title="RevenueFromExportSalesMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl">Revenue attributable to export sales to unaffiliated customers.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueFromExportSalesMember" xlink:to="jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: RevenueFromExportSalesMember to jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl1">Revenue from Export Sales [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueFromExportSalesMember" xlink:to="jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: RevenueFromExportSalesMember to jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl2">Export Sales [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RevenueFromExportSalesMember" xlink:to="jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: RevenueFromExportSalesMember to jwa_RevenueFromExportSalesMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_OtherCountriesMember" xlink:label="OtherCountriesMember" xlink:title="OtherCountriesMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl">Refers to other countries not specifically mentioned.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OtherCountriesMember" xlink:to="jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: OtherCountriesMember to jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl1">Other Countries [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OtherCountriesMember" xlink:to="jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OtherCountriesMember to jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl2">Other Countries [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OtherCountriesMember" xlink:to="jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: OtherCountriesMember to jwa_OtherCountriesMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock" xlink:label="ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock" xlink:title="ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl">Tabular disclosure of information about total revenue by product/service and assets, expenditure for long-lived assets and depreciation and amortization by segment.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock to jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl1">Schedule of Revenue by Product/Service, Assets and Expenditure for Long-Lived Assets and Depreciation and Amortization by Segment [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock to jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl2">Total Revenue by Product/Service and Total Assets, Expenditure for Long-Lived Assets and Depreciation and Amortization by Segment</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock to jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member" xlink:label="ExercisePriceRange4Member" xlink:title="ExercisePriceRange4Member" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl">Exercise price range 4 for shares potentially issuable under outstanding stock option award plans.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ExercisePriceRange4Member" xlink:to="jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl" xlink:title="label: ExercisePriceRange4Member to jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl1">Exercise Price Range 4 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ExercisePriceRange4Member" xlink:to="jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ExercisePriceRange4Member to jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl2">$55.99 to $59.70 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ExercisePriceRange4Member" xlink:to="jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ExercisePriceRange4Member to jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl">Fifth portion of share-based compensation award differentiated by a particular vesting feature, including, but not limited to, performance measure or service period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Five [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl2">Annual Vesting on April 30th [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFiveMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ExercisePriceOfStockOptionsGrantedAsPercentageOfFairMarketValueOfStockAtDateOfGrantAsRequiredByThePlan" xlink:label="ExercisePriceOfStockOptionsGrantedAsPercentageOfFairMarketValueOfStockAtDateOfGrantAsRequiredByThePlan" xlink:title="ExercisePriceOfStockOptionsGrantedAsPercentageOfFairMarketValueOfStockAtDateOfGrantAsRequiredByThePlan" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfCommonStockOnGrantDate" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfCommonStockOnGrantDate" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfCommonStockOnGrantDate" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ExercisePriceRange2Member" xlink:label="ExercisePriceRange2Member" xlink:title="ExercisePriceRange2Member" />
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ExercisePriceRange1Member_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ExercisePriceRange1Member_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ExercisePriceRange1Member_lbl1">Exercise Price Range 1 [Member]</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ExercisePriceRange3Member" xlink:label="ExercisePriceRange3Member" xlink:title="ExercisePriceRange3Member" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEstimatedWeightedAverageFairValueForOptionsGrantedAndSignificantWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedAbstract" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEstimatedWeightedAverageFairValueForOptionsGrantedAndSignificantWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedAbstract" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEstimatedWeightedAverageFairValueForOptionsGrantedAndSignificantWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedAbstract" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member" xlink:label="KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member" xlink:title="KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl">A share-based compensation plan approved by the shareholders in 2014 whereby qualified employees are eligible to receive awards that may include stock options, performance-based stock awards and restricted stock awards.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member" xlink:to="jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl" xlink:title="label: KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member to jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl1">Key Employee Stock Plan2014 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member" xlink:to="jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl1" xlink:title="label: KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member to jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl2">2014 Key Employee Stock Plan [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member" xlink:to="jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl2" xlink:title="label: KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member to jwa_KeyEmployeeStockPlan2014Member_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_AnnualAwardValue" xlink:label="AnnualAwardValue" xlink:title="AnnualAwardValue" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl">The value of the annual award of Class A Common Stock received by each non-employee director as a percentage of the annual director fee, based on the stock price on the date of grant.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AnnualAwardValue" xlink:to="jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl" xlink:title="label: AnnualAwardValue to jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl1">Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Value of annual award as percentage of annual director retainer fee based on stock price on date of grant</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AnnualAwardValue" xlink:to="jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl1" xlink:title="label: AnnualAwardValue to jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl2">Value of annual award as percentage of annual director retainer fee based on stock price on date of grant</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AnnualAwardValue" xlink:to="jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl2" xlink:title="label: AnnualAwardValue to jwa_AnnualAwardValue_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DirectorStockPlanMember" xlink:label="DirectorStockPlanMember" xlink:title="DirectorStockPlanMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DirectorStockPlanMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DirectorStockPlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DirectorStockPlanMember_lbl">A share-based compensation plan in which each non-employee director receives common stock equal to fair value of the annual director fee.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DirectorStockPlanMember" xlink:to="jwa_DirectorStockPlanMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: DirectorStockPlanMember to jwa_DirectorStockPlanMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DirectorStockPlanMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DirectorStockPlanMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DirectorStockPlanMember_lbl1">Director Stock Plan [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DirectorStockPlanMember" xlink:to="jwa_DirectorStockPlanMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DirectorStockPlanMember to jwa_DirectorStockPlanMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:title="ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl">Tabular disclosure of the components of net benefit costs for pension plans and/or other employee benefit plans and the assumptions used to determine for pension plans and/or other employee benefit plans the benefit obligation and net benefit cost.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock to jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl1">Components of Net Periodic Pension Expense for Defined Benefit Plans and Weighted-Average Assumptions [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock to jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl2">Net Periodic Pension Expense (Income) for Defined Benefit Plans and Weighted-Average Assumptions</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock to jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount" xlink:label="DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount" xlink:title="DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl">Amount of discretionary contributions made by an employer to a defined benefit plan.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl" xlink:title="label: DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount to jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl1">Defined Benefit Plan, Employer Discretionary Contribution Amount</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount to jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl2">Discretionary contribution</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl2" xlink:title="label: DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount to jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal" xlink:label="DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal" xlink:title="DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl">Amount of benefits for defined benefit plan expected to be paid in periods following the current period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl" xlink:title="label: DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal to jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl1">Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments Due, Total</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal to jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl2">Total</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl2" xlink:title="label: DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal to jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember" xlink:label="DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember" xlink:title="DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember_lbl">Defined contribution savings plan maintained by the Company. The Company contribution is based on employee contributions and the level of Company match.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember to jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember_lbl1">Defined Contribution Savings Plan [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember" xlink:to="jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember to jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract" xlink:label="OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract" xlink:title="OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract_lbl1">Other postretirement benefits [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract to jwa_OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits" xlink:label="TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits" xlink:title="TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl">The period of time subsequent to termination of employment during which the company provides for the payment of supplemental retirement benefits for certain officers and senior management, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits" xlink:to="jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl" xlink:title="label: TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits to jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl1">Term of supplemental retirement benefits</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits" xlink:to="jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl1" xlink:title="label: TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits to jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl2">Term of supplemental retirement benefits</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits" xlink:to="jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl2" xlink:title="label: TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits to jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans" xlink:label="EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans" xlink:title="EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans_lbl">Refers to the employee retirement age limit under retirement plans based on length of service and compensation, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans" xlink:to="jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans_lbl" xlink:title="label: EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans to jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans_lbl1">Employee retirement age limit under retirement plans</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans" xlink:to="jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans_lbl1" xlink:title="label: EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans to jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress" xlink:label="PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress" xlink:title="PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress_lbl">Amount of work in progress in property, plant and equipment.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress" xlink:to="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress_lbl" xlink:title="label: PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress to jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress_lbl1">Property, Plant and Equipment, Work in Progress</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress" xlink:to="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress_lbl1" xlink:title="label: PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress to jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress_lbl2">Work in process</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfEligibleParticipants_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfEligibleParticipants_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfEligibleParticipants_lbl1">Number of Eligible Participants</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_EffectiveTaxRateExcludingImpactOfNonRecurringItemsFromTheTaxAct" xlink:label="EffectiveTaxRateExcludingImpactOfNonRecurringItemsFromTheTaxAct" xlink:title="EffectiveTaxRateExcludingImpactOfNonRecurringItemsFromTheTaxAct" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsRetirementAndPostEmploymentBenefits" xlink:label="DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsRetirementAndPostEmploymentBenefits" xlink:title="DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsRetirementAndPostEmploymentBenefits" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ExpectedTaxBenefitsAmortizationPeriod" xlink:label="ExpectedTaxBenefitsAmortizationPeriod" xlink:title="ExpectedTaxBenefitsAmortizationPeriod" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ExpectedTaxBenefitsAmortizationPeriod_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ExpectedTaxBenefitsAmortizationPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ExpectedTaxBenefitsAmortizationPeriod_lbl">Refers to the amortization period for expected tax benefits, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRate" xlink:label="ForeignStatutoryTaxRate" xlink:title="ForeignStatutoryTaxRate" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ForeignStatutoryTaxRate" xlink:to="jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRate_lbl" xlink:title="label: ForeignStatutoryTaxRate to jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRate_lbl" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ForeignStatutoryTaxRate" xlink:to="jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRate_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ForeignStatutoryTaxRate to jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRate_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingTransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsProvisionalIncomeTaxExpense" xlink:label="TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingTransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsProvisionalIncomeTaxExpense" xlink:title="TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingTransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsProvisionalIncomeTaxExpense" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLitigationExpensePercent" xlink:label="EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLitigationExpensePercent" xlink:title="EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLitigationExpensePercent" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLitigationExpensePercent_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLitigationExpensePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLitigationExpensePercent_lbl">Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to tax litigation expenses.</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlementPerShare" xlink:label="IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlementPerShare" xlink:title="IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlementPerShare" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlementPerShare_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlementPerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlementPerShare_lbl">Represents the per share amount of income tax expense related to unfavorable tax settlement due to unfavorable decision from tax jurisdiction.</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DepositsPaidToDate" xlink:label="DepositsPaidToDate" xlink:title="DepositsPaidToDate" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesIntangibleAndFixedAssets" xlink:label="DeferredTaxLiabilitiesIntangibleAndFixedAssets" xlink:title="DeferredTaxLiabilitiesIntangibleAndFixedAssets" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_IncomeTaxReconciliationNonRecurringItemsReducedIncomeTaxExpensesPerShare" xlink:label="IncomeTaxReconciliationNonRecurringItemsReducedIncomeTaxExpensesPerShare" xlink:title="IncomeTaxReconciliationNonRecurringItemsReducedIncomeTaxExpensesPerShare" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_DeferredTaxBenefitsPerShareAssociatedWithEnactedChangesInTaxLaws" xlink:label="DeferredTaxBenefitsPerShareAssociatedWithEnactedChangesInTaxLaws" xlink:title="DeferredTaxBenefitsPerShareAssociatedWithEnactedChangesInTaxLaws" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRateYearThree" xlink:label="ForeignStatutoryTaxRateYearThree" xlink:title="ForeignStatutoryTaxRateYearThree" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_TaxExpenseBenefitRelatedToExpirationOfStatuteOfLimitationsAndFavorableResolutionsOfTaxMattersWithTaxAuthorities" xlink:label="TaxExpenseBenefitRelatedToExpirationOfStatuteOfLimitationsAndFavorableResolutionsOfTaxMattersWithTaxAuthorities" xlink:title="TaxExpenseBenefitRelatedToExpirationOfStatuteOfLimitationsAndFavorableResolutionsOfTaxMattersWithTaxAuthorities" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock to jwa_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl1">Schedule of Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock to jwa_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl2">Intangible Assets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock to jwa_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ReclassificationAdjustmentOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAbstract" xlink:label="ReclassificationAdjustmentOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAbstract" xlink:title="ReclassificationAdjustmentOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ReclassificationAdjustmentOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ReclassificationAdjustmentOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ReclassificationAdjustmentOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAbstract_lbl1">Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Abstract]</link:label>
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ReclassificationAdjustmentOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_ReclassificationAdjustmentOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAbstract_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ReclassificationAdjustmentOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAbstract to jwa_ReclassificationAdjustmentOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAbstract_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember" xlink:label="RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember" xlink:title="RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember_lbl">The entity announced a program (the "Restructuring and Reinvestment Program") to restructure and realign the Company's cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions.</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember_lbl1">Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember" xlink:to="jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember to jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember" xlink:label="ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember" xlink:title="ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl">Process reengineering consulting with exit from or disposal of business activities or restructurings pursuant to a plan.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember" xlink:to="jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember to jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl1">Process reengineering consulting [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember" xlink:to="jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember to jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl2">Process Reengineering Consulting [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember" xlink:to="jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember to jwa_ProcessReengineeringConsultingMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ResearchSegmentMember" xlink:label="ResearchSegmentMember" xlink:title="ResearchSegmentMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl">A segment of the entity, which provides scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, as well as related content and services, for academic, corporate, and government libraries, learned societies, and individual researchers and other professionals.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ResearchSegmentMember" xlink:to="jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ResearchSegmentMember to jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl1">Research segment [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ResearchSegmentMember" xlink:to="jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ResearchSegmentMember to jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl2">Research [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ResearchSegmentMember" xlink:to="jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ResearchSegmentMember to jwa_ResearchSegmentMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_SolutionsMember" xlink:label="SolutionsMember" xlink:title="SolutionsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl">A segment of the entity, which provides online graduate degree program management services for higher education institutions and learning, development, and assessment services for businesses and professionals.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SolutionsMember" xlink:to="jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: SolutionsMember to jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl1">Solutions [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SolutionsMember" xlink:to="jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: SolutionsMember to jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl2">Solutions [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SolutionsMember" xlink:to="jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: SolutionsMember to jwa_SolutionsMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_PublishingMember" xlink:label="PublishingMember" xlink:title="PublishingMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PublishingMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_PublishingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PublishingMember_lbl">A segment of the entity, which provides scientific, professional development, and education books and related content, as well as test preparation services and course workflow tools, to libraries, corporations, students, professionals, and researchers.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PublishingMember" xlink:to="jwa_PublishingMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: PublishingMember to jwa_PublishingMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PublishingMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_PublishingMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PublishingMember_lbl1">Publishing [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PublishingMember" xlink:to="jwa_PublishingMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: PublishingMember to jwa_PublishingMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PublishingMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_PublishingMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PublishingMember_lbl2">Publishing [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PublishingMember" xlink:to="jwa_PublishingMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: PublishingMember to jwa_PublishingMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax" xlink:label="RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax" xlink:title="RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl">The per share amount of pre-tax restructuring charge recorded during the period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax" xlink:to="jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl" xlink:title="label: RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax to jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl1">Restructuring Charge per Share, before Tax</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax" xlink:to="jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl1" xlink:title="label: RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax to jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl2">Restructuring charge (in dollars per share)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax" xlink:to="jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl2" xlink:title="label: RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax to jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract_lbl2">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract" xlink:label="FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract" xlink:title="FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl1">Finite Lived Intangible Asset Useful Life [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract to jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl2">Finite Lived Intangible Asset Useful Life [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl2" xlink:title="label: FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract to jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract" xlink:label="PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract" xlink:title="PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl1">Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract to jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl2">Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl2" xlink:title="label: PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract to jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember" xlink:label="ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember" xlink:title="ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl">Primary financial statement caption encompassing contract liability (deferred revenue).</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember" xlink:to="jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember to jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl1">Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember" xlink:to="jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember to jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl2">Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember" xlink:to="jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember to jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember" xlink:label="ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember" xlink:title="ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl">The effect of a change from one generally accepted accounting principle to another generally accepted accounting principle for certain advertising and marketing costs.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember" xlink:to="jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember to jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl1">Change in Accounting Policy for Certain Advertising and Marketing Costs [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember" xlink:to="jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember to jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl2">Change in Accounting Policy for Certain Advertising and Marketing Costs [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember" xlink:to="jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember to jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember" xlink:label="FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember" xlink:title="FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember_lbl">Long lived, depreciable assets, commonly used in offices and stores and equipment used in warehouses.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember" xlink:to="jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember to jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember_lbl1">Furniture, Fixtures and Warehouse Equipment [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember" xlink:to="jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember to jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl">Period for targets established for share based compensation expense in advance of actual financial results, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Target period for share based compensation expense in advance of actual financial results</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl2">Target period for stock-based compensation expense in advance of actual financial results</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAbstract" xlink:label="AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAbstract" xlink:title="AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAbstract_lbl1">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAbstract to jwa_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded" xlink:label="IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded" xlink:title="IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl">Increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from sales return reserves recorded.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded" xlink:to="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl" xlink:title="label: IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded to jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl1">Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Sales Return Reserves Recorded</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded" xlink:to="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl1" xlink:title="label: IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded to jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl2">Decrease in net assets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded" xlink:to="jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl2" xlink:title="label: IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded to jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember" xlink:label="RoyaltiesPayableMember" xlink:title="RoyaltiesPayableMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl">This element represents obligations incurred and payable for royalties.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RoyaltiesPayableMember" xlink:to="jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: RoyaltiesPayableMember to jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl1">Royalties Payable [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RoyaltiesPayableMember" xlink:to="jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: RoyaltiesPayableMember to jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl2">Accrued Royalties [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RoyaltiesPayableMember" xlink:to="jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: RoyaltiesPayableMember to jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_BookOverdraftsAbstract" xlink:label="BookOverdraftsAbstract" xlink:title="BookOverdraftsAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_BookOverdraftsAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_BookOverdraftsAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_BookOverdraftsAbstract_lbl1">Book Overdrafts [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="BookOverdraftsAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_BookOverdraftsAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: BookOverdraftsAbstract to jwa_BookOverdraftsAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember" xlink:label="EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember" xlink:title="EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember_lbl">Refers to the investment in the Company's enterprise resource planning and related systems.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember" xlink:to="jwa_EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember to jwa_EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember_lbl1">Enterprise Resource Planning and Related Systems [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember" xlink:to="jwa_EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember to jwa_EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:label="BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:title="BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl">Long lived, depreciable structure held for productive use and any addition, improvement, or renovation to the structure, such as interior masonry, interior flooring, electrical, and plumbing, including additions or improvements to assets held under a lease arrangement.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:to="jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember to jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl1">Building and Leasehold Improvements [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:to="jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember to jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl2">Buildings and Leasehold Improvements [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:to="jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember to jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_SalesReturnReservesAbstract" xlink:label="SalesReturnReservesAbstract" xlink:title="SalesReturnReservesAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SalesReturnReservesAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_SalesReturnReservesAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SalesReturnReservesAbstract_lbl1">Sales Return Reserves [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SalesReturnReservesAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_SalesReturnReservesAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: SalesReturnReservesAbstract to jwa_SalesReturnReservesAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_SoftwareCostsMember" xlink:label="SoftwareCostsMember" xlink:title="SoftwareCostsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SoftwareCostsMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_SoftwareCostsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SoftwareCostsMember_lbl">Cost incurred in software.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SoftwareCostsMember" xlink:to="jwa_SoftwareCostsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: SoftwareCostsMember to jwa_SoftwareCostsMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SoftwareCostsMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_SoftwareCostsMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SoftwareCostsMember_lbl1">Software Costs [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SoftwareCostsMember" xlink:to="jwa_SoftwareCostsMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: SoftwareCostsMember to jwa_SoftwareCostsMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:label="ContentDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:title="ContentDevelopmentCostsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl">Cost incurred in content developing process.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContentDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:to="jwa_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ContentDevelopmentCostsMember to jwa_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl1">Content Development Costs [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ContentDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:to="jwa_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ContentDevelopmentCostsMember to jwa_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember" xlink:label="AtyponSystemsIncMember" xlink:title="AtyponSystemsIncMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl">A Silicon Valley-based publishing-software and service provider that enables scholarly societies and publishers to deliver, host, enhance, market and manage their content on the web.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AtyponSystemsIncMember" xlink:to="jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: AtyponSystemsIncMember to jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl1">Atypon Systems Inc [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AtyponSystemsIncMember" xlink:to="jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: AtyponSystemsIncMember to jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl2">Atypon Systems Inc [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AtyponSystemsIncMember" xlink:to="jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: AtyponSystemsIncMember to jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract" xlink:label="ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract" xlink:title="ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract_lbl1">Product Development Asset [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract_lbl2">Product Development Assets [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:label="OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:title="OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl">The costs incurred in developing software, platforms and digital content to be sold and licensed to third parties. They are capitalized and generally amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:to="jwa_OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember to jwa_OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl1">Other Product Development Costs [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:to="jwa_OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember to jwa_OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember" xlink:label="BookCompositionCostsMember" xlink:title="BookCompositionCostsMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl">The costs incurred to bring an edited commercial manuscript to publication, which include typesetting, proofreading, design, illustration costs, and digital formatting. They are capitalized and are generally amortized on a double-declining basis over their estimated useful lives.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="BookCompositionCostsMember" xlink:to="jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: BookCompositionCostsMember to jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl1">Book Composition Costs [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="BookCompositionCostsMember" xlink:to="jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: BookCompositionCostsMember to jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl2">Book Composition Costs [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="BookCompositionCostsMember" xlink:to="jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: BookCompositionCostsMember to jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_RoyaltyAdvancesMember" xlink:label="RoyaltyAdvancesMember" xlink:title="RoyaltyAdvancesMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancesMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancesMember_lbl">Advances paid for royalties on anticipated earnings from commercial manuscripts. They are capitalized and, upon publication, are recovered as royalties earned based on sales of the published works. Royalty advances are reviewed for recoverability and a reserve for loss is maintained, if appropriate.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RoyaltyAdvancesMember" xlink:to="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancesMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: RoyaltyAdvancesMember to jwa_RoyaltyAdvancesMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancesMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancesMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancesMember_lbl1">Royalty Advances [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RoyaltyAdvancesMember" xlink:to="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancesMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: RoyaltyAdvancesMember to jwa_RoyaltyAdvancesMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress" xlink:label="ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress" xlink:title="ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl">Amount of product development assets, which are partially completed at the time of measurement.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl1">Product Development Assets, Wok in Progress</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl2">Work in process</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue" xlink:label="NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue" xlink:title="NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl">The value of warrants issued as [noncash or part noncash] consideration for a business or asset acquired. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that affect recognized assets or liabilities but that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue" xlink:to="jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl" xlink:title="label: NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue to jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl1">Noncash or Part Noncash Acquisition, Noncash Financial or Equity Instrument Consideration, Warrants Issued, Value</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue" xlink:to="jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl1" xlink:title="label: NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue to jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl2">Warrants to purchase 0.4 million shares of Wiley Class A Common Stock issued in connection with the Learning House acquisition</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue" xlink:to="jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl2" xlink:title="label: NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue to jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember" xlink:label="AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember" xlink:title="AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl">Additional paid-in-capital attributable to warrants that satisfy the conditions for equity classification.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember" xlink:to="jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember to jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl1">Additional Paid-in Capital, Attributable to Warrant [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember" xlink:to="jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember to jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl2">Warrants [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember" xlink:to="jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember to jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember" xlink:label="TheLearningHouseIncMember" xlink:title="TheLearningHouseIncMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl">A diversified education services provider, which provides online program management (OPM) services including graduate and undergraduate programs; short courses, boot camps, and other skills training and credentialing for students and professionals; pathway services for international students; professional development services for teachers; and learning solutions for corporate clients.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TheLearningHouseIncMember" xlink:to="jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: TheLearningHouseIncMember to jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl1">The Learning House, Inc. [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TheLearningHouseIncMember" xlink:to="jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: TheLearningHouseIncMember to jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl2">Learning House [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TheLearningHouseIncMember" xlink:to="jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: TheLearningHouseIncMember to jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:label="AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:title="AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl">The charge against earnings in the period representing the amortization of product development assets, which consist of composition costs and royalty advances to authors.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:to="jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl" xlink:title="label: AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets to jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1">Amortization of Product Development Assets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:to="jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1" xlink:title="label: AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets to jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2">Amortization of product development assets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:to="jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2" xlink:title="label: AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets to jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_PensionSettlementExpense" xlink:label="PensionSettlementExpense" xlink:title="PensionSettlementExpense" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl">The amount of pension benefit costs recognized during the period for one-time non-cash charge for settlement of a portion of a defined benefit pension plan.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PensionSettlementExpense" xlink:to="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl" xlink:title="label: PensionSettlementExpense to jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl1">Pension Settlement Expense</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PensionSettlementExpense" xlink:to="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl1" xlink:title="label: PensionSettlementExpense to jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl2">Net actuarial loss related to early lump sum payment of pension plan benefit</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PensionSettlementExpense" xlink:to="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl2" xlink:title="label: PensionSettlementExpense to jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl2" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl3" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl3">One-time pension settlement</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PensionSettlementExpense" xlink:to="jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl3" xlink:title="label: PensionSettlementExpense to jwa_PensionSettlementExpense_lbl3" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement" xlink:label="IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement" xlink:title="IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl">Represents the income tax expense related to unfavorable tax settlement due to unfavorable decision from tax jurisdiction.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement" xlink:to="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl" xlink:title="label: IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement to jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl1">Income Tax Expense Related to Unfavorable Tax Settlement</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement" xlink:to="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl1" xlink:title="label: IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement to jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl2">Unfavorable tax litigation</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement" xlink:to="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl2" xlink:title="label: IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement to jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl2" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl3" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl3">Income tax charge related to unfavorable tax settlement</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement" xlink:to="jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl3" xlink:title="label: IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement to jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement_lbl3" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit" xlink:label="IncomeTaxesDeposit" xlink:title="IncomeTaxesDeposit" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl">Reflects the increase in tax deposit receivable related to payment made to the German tax authorities.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncomeTaxesDeposit" xlink:to="jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl" xlink:title="label: IncomeTaxesDeposit to jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl1">Income taxes deposit</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncomeTaxesDeposit" xlink:to="jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl1" xlink:title="label: IncomeTaxesDeposit to jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl2">Income tax deposits</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncomeTaxesDeposit" xlink:to="jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl2" xlink:title="label: IncomeTaxesDeposit to jwa_IncomeTaxesDeposit_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets" xlink:label="ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets" xlink:title="ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl">Cash inflow from the sale of both tangible and intangible assets related to publishing programs.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets" xlink:to="jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl" xlink:title="label: ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets to jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl1">Proceeds From Sale Of Publishing Assets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets" xlink:to="jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets to jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl2">Proceeds from sale of consumer publishing programs</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets" xlink:to="jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets to jwa_ProceedsFromSaleOfPublishingAssets_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges" xlink:label="NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges" xlink:title="NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl">Non-cash deferred tax benefits on U.K. rate changes.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges" xlink:to="jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl" xlink:title="label: NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges to jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl1">Non Cash Deferred Tax Benefits On U.K. Rate Changes</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges" xlink:to="jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl1" xlink:title="label: NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges to jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:title="jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl2">Deferred income tax benefit on U.K. rate changes</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges" xlink:to="jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl2" xlink:title="label: NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges to jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract" xlink:label="CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract" xlink:title="CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract_lbl1">Cash Paid During Period For [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract to jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract_lbl2">Cash Paid During the Year for</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract_lbl2" xlink:title="label: CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract to jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:label="AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:title="AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl">The cash outflow for book composition and other product development spending.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:to="jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl" xlink:title="label: AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets to jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1">Additions To Product Development Assets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:to="jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1" xlink:title="label: AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets to jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:title="jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2">Product development spending</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:to="jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2" xlink:title="label: AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets to jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_CashDividendsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="CashDividendsPerShareAbstract" xlink:title="CashDividendsPerShareAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CashDividendsPerShareAbstract_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_CashDividendsPerShareAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CashDividendsPerShareAbstract_lbl1">Cash Dividends Per Share [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CashDividendsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_CashDividendsPerShareAbstract_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CashDividendsPerShareAbstract to jwa_CashDividendsPerShareAbstract_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CashDividendsPerShareAbstract_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_CashDividendsPerShareAbstract_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CashDividendsPerShareAbstract_lbl2">Cash Dividends Per Share</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CashDividendsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="jwa_CashDividendsPerShareAbstract_lbl2" xlink:title="label: CashDividendsPerShareAbstract to jwa_CashDividendsPerShareAbstract_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense" xlink:label="InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense" xlink:title="InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl">The amount of interest and other income (expense) recognized during the period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense" xlink:to="jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl" xlink:title="label: InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense to jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl1">Interest and Other Income (Expense)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense" xlink:to="jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl1" xlink:title="label: InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense to jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl2">Interest and Other Income (Expense)</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense" xlink:to="jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl2" xlink:title="label: InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense to jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits" xlink:label="RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits" xlink:title="RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl">Restructuring charges for research and professional development, net of related reversal of severance provisions previously recorded by the Company.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits" xlink:to="jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl" xlink:title="label: RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits to jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl1">Restructuring and related (credits) charges</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits" xlink:to="jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl1" xlink:title="label: RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits to jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl2">Restructuring and related charges</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits" xlink:to="jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl2" xlink:title="label: RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits to jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:title="ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl">Disclosure of accounting policy for the treatment of costs associated with developing a publication.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl1">Product Development Assets Policy [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl2">Product Development Assets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:title="RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl">Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to recently adopted accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock to jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1">Recently Adopted Accounting Standards [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock to jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl2">Recently Adopted Accounting Standards</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:title="label: RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock to jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:title="SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl">Disclosure of accounting policy for sales return reserves.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock to jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl1">Sales Return Reserves [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock to jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl2">Sales Return Reserves</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:title="label: SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock to jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:title="ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl">Disclosure of accounting policy for the classification of shipping and handling costs, including whether the costs are included in cost of sales or included in other income statement accounts.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock to jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl1">Shipping and Handling Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock to jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl2">Shipping and Handling Costs</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock to jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:title="CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl">Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents with respect to negative balance accounts (overdrafts).</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock to jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1">Cash and Cash Equivalents, Book Overdrafts [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock to jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl2">Book Overdrafts</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:title="label: CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock to jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock" xlink:title="RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl">Disclosure of accounting policy for the treatment of royalty advances.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock to jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl1">Royalty Advance [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock to jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl2">Royalty Advances</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:title="label: RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock to jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock" xlink:label="NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock" xlink:title="NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl">Tabular disclosure of net sales return reserves as reflected in accounts in Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock to jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl1">Net Sales Return Reserves by Balance Sheet Account [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock to jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl2">Net Sales Return Reserves by Balance Sheet Account</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:title="label: NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock to jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl">Refers to the value of base salary for targeted long-term incentive of share-based compensation awards.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Value of Base Salary for Targeted Long-Term Incentive</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl2">Targeted long-term incentive value</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_SignOnGrantMember" xlink:label="SignOnGrantMember" xlink:title="SignOnGrantMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SignOnGrantMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_SignOnGrantMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SignOnGrantMember_lbl">A grant awarded to a new employee by a company as an incentive to join that company. They are often given as a way of making a compensation package more attractive to the employee.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SignOnGrantMember" xlink:to="jwa_SignOnGrantMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: SignOnGrantMember to jwa_SignOnGrantMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_SignOnGrantMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_SignOnGrantMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_SignOnGrantMember_lbl1">Sign-On Grant [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SignOnGrantMember" xlink:to="jwa_SignOnGrantMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: SignOnGrantMember to jwa_SignOnGrantMember_lbl1" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember" xlink:label="ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember" xlink:title="ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl">Refers to the performance-based restricted stock awards that are payable in restricted shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock upon the achievement of certain three-year financial performance-based targets.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember" xlink:to="jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember to jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl1">Executive Long-Term Incentive Program [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember" xlink:to="jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember to jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl2">ELTIP [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember" xlink:to="jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember to jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl">Tenth portion of share-based compensation award differentiated by a particular vesting feature, including, but not limited to, performance measure or service period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Ten [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl2">Vesting on April 30, 2019 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl">Eleventh portion of share-based compensation award differentiated by a particular vesting feature, including, but not limited to, performance measure or service period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Eleven [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl2">Vesting on April 30, 2020 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl">Ninth portion of share-based compensation award differentiated by a particular vesting feature, including, but not limited to, performance measure or service period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Nine [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl2">Vesting on April 30, 2018 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl">Twelfth portion of share-based compensation award differentiated by a particular vesting feature, including, but not limited to, performance measure or service period.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Twelve [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl2">Vesting on April 30, 2021 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember" xlink:label="EmploymentOfferLetterMember" xlink:title="EmploymentOfferLetterMember" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl">A formal written document sent by an employer to a job candidate selected for employment. The letter confirms the details of the offer of employment: this may include the job description, salary, benefits, and the date employment begins.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EmploymentOfferLetterMember" xlink:to="jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl" xlink:title="label: EmploymentOfferLetterMember to jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl1">Employment Offer Letter [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EmploymentOfferLetterMember" xlink:to="jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl1" xlink:title="label: EmploymentOfferLetterMember to jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl2">Employment Letter [Member]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EmploymentOfferLetterMember" xlink:to="jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl2" xlink:title="label: EmploymentOfferLetterMember to jwa_EmploymentOfferLetterMember_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments" xlink:label="NumberOfEqualInstallments" xlink:title="NumberOfEqualInstallments" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl">Refers to the number of equal installments for vesting shares.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfEqualInstallments" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl" xlink:title="label: NumberOfEqualInstallments to jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl1">Number of Equal Installments</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfEqualInstallments" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl1" xlink:title="label: NumberOfEqualInstallments to jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl2">Number of equal installments</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="NumberOfEqualInstallments" xlink:to="jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl2" xlink:title="label: NumberOfEqualInstallments to jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary" xlink:title="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl">Refers to the targeted long-term incentive of share-based compensation awards as a percentage of base salary during the performance cycle.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Targeted Long-Term Incentive as Percentage of Base Salary</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl2">Targeted long-term incentive as percentage of base salary</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary" xlink:to="jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary to jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue" xlink:label="PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue" xlink:title="PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl">Refers to the percentage of targeted long-term incentive value.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue" xlink:to="jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl" xlink:title="label: PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue to jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl1">Percentage of Targeted Long-Term Incentive Value</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue" xlink:to="jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl1" xlink:title="label: PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue to jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl2">Percentage of targeted long-term incentive value</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue" xlink:to="jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl2" xlink:title="label: PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue to jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit" xlink:label="IncomeTaxDeposit" xlink:title="IncomeTaxDeposit" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl">Carrying value of the tax deposit receivable related to the payment made to the German tax authorities which is expected to be returned to the Company.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncomeTaxDeposit" xlink:to="jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl" xlink:title="label: IncomeTaxDeposit to jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl1">Income Tax Deposit</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncomeTaxDeposit" xlink:to="jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl1" xlink:title="label: IncomeTaxDeposit to jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl2">Income Tax Deposits</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IncomeTaxDeposit" xlink:to="jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl2" xlink:title="label: IncomeTaxDeposit to jwa_IncomeTaxDeposit_lbl2" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:label="ProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:title="ProductDevelopmentAssets" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl">Product development assets consist of composition costs and royalty advances to authors. Composition costs, primarily represent the costs incurred to bring an edited commercial manuscript to publication including typesetting, proofreading, design and illustration, etc. Royalty advances to authors are capitalized and, upon publication, are recovered as royalties earned by the authors based on sales of the published works.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssets to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1">Product Development Assets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssets to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2">Product development assets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssets to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl2" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl3" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl3">Product development assets</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssets" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl3" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssets to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets_lbl3" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="jwa-20190430.xsd#jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock" xlink:label="ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock" xlink:title="ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock_lbl">The disclosure related to royalty advances and composition costs.</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock_lbl" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock_lbl" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock_lbl1">Product Development Assets [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock" xlink:to="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock_lbl1" xlink:title="label: ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock to jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock_lbl1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock_lbl2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:title="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US" id="jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock_lbl2">Product Development Assets</link:label>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>21
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end
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>22
<FILENAME>image00008.jpg
<TEXT>
begin 644 image00008.jpg
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6883662880">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 31, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 31, 2018</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">WILEY JOHN & SONS, INC.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000107140<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--04-30<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer', window );">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers', window );">Entity Voluntary Filers</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Entity Current Reporting Status</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityShellCompany', window );">Entity Shell Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Large Accelerated Filer<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness', window );">Entity Small Business</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod', window );">Entity Ex Transition Period</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat', window );">Entity Public Float</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,465<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">10-K<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Apr. 30,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Year Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Period Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">FY<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Stock Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,499,550<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Stock Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,132,133<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>If the value is true, then the document is an amendment to previously-filed/accepted document.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal period of the document report. For a first quarter 2006 quarterly report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, the first fiscal quarter should be given as the fiscal period focus. Values: FY, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, H1, H2, M9, T1, T2, T3, M8, CY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in CCYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 7A<br> -Section B<br> -Subsection 2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: (1) Large Accelerated Filer, (2) Accelerated Filer, (3) Non-accelerated Filer, (4) Smaller Reporting Company (Non-accelerated), (5) Smaller Reporting Accelerated Filer or (6) Smaller Reporting Company and Large Accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>State aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to price at which the common equity was last sold, or average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter. The public float should be reported on the cover page of the registrants form 10K.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityPublicFloat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityShellCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if company meets the shell company criteria: a company with no or nominal operations, and with no or nominal assets or assets consisting solely of cash and cash equivalents.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityShellCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates that the company is a smaller reporting company with both a public float and revenues of less than $75 million.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntitySmallBusiness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>27
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6881634880">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current Assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 92,890<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 169,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">294,867<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">212,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet', window );">Inventories, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,582<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">39,489<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">67,441<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">58,332<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total Current Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">490,780<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">479,971<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets', window );">Product Development Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">62,470<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">78,814<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdvanceRoyaltiesNoncurrent', window );">Royalty Advances, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">36,185<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">37,058<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">289,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">289,934<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill', window );">Intangible Assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">865,572<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">848,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,095,666<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,019,801<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other Non-Current Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">97,308<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">85,802<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,937,002<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">2,839,451<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current Liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">90,980<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">90,097<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent', window );">Accrued royalties</a></td>
<td class="nump">78,062<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">73,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="nump">507,365<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">486,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued employment costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">97,230<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">116,179<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent', window );">Accrued income taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">13,927<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Other accrued liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">75,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">94,748<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total Current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">870,562<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">874,311<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtNoncurrent', window );">Long-Term Debt</a></td>
<td class="nump">478,790<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">360,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPensionPlanLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Accrued Pension Liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">166,331<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">190,301<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent', window );">Deferred Income Tax Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">143,775<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">143,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other Long-Term Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">96,197<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">80,764<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,755,655<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,648,894<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' Equity</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue', window );">Preferred Stock, $1 par value: Authorized - 2 million, Issued 0</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Additional paid-in-capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">422,305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">407,120<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Retained earnings</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,931,074<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,834,057<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxAbstract', window );"><strong>Accumulated other comprehensive (loss):</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment</a></td>
<td class="num">(312,107)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(251,573)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossDefinedBenefitPensionAndOtherPostretirementPlansNetOfTax', window );">Unamortized retirement costs, net of tax</a></td>
<td class="num">(196,057)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(191,026)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossCumulativeChangesInNetGainLossFromCashFlowHedgesEffectNetOfTax', window );">Unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swap, net of tax</a></td>
<td class="num">(574)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">3,019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Total accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax</a></td>
<td class="num">(508,738)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(439,580)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue', window );">Less: Treasury Shares At Cost (Class A - 22,633,869 and 21,853,257 as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, Class B - 3,917,574 and 3,917,574 of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively)</a></td>
<td class="num">(746,476)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(694,222)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total Shareholders' Equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,181,347<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,190,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
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<td class="nump">2,937,002<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">2,839,451<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' Equity</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">70,127<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">70,111<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' Equity</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common Stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,055<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, it was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. At April 30, 2018 the sales return reserve was $28.3 million.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">The April 30, 2018 goodwill balances were revised for the Publishing segment which decreased and the Solutions segment which increased to reflect foreign translation adjustments of $11.6 million.</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of the unpaid sum of the known and estimated amounts payable to satisfy all currently due domestic and foreign income tax obligations.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for royalties. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated change, net of tax, in accumulated gains and losses from derivative instruments designated and qualifying as the effective portion of cash flow hedges. Includes an entity's share of an equity investee's Increase or Decrease in deferred hedging gains or losses.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss for defined benefit plan, that has not been recognized in net periodic benefit cost (credit).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated adjustment, net of tax, that results from the process of translating subsidiary financial statements and foreign equity investments into the reporting currency from the functional currency of the reporting entity, net of reclassification of realized foreign currency translation gains or losses.</p></div>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, net of tax effect, at period end. Excludes Net Income (Loss), and accumulated changes in equity from transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Includes foreign currency translation items, certain pension adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities, other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses related to factors other than credit losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities that an entity does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis, as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives related to the effective portion of a designated cash flow hedge.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=d3e681-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Excess of issue price over par or stated value of the entity's capital stock and amounts received from other transactions involving the entity's stock or stockholders. Includes adjustments to additional paid in capital. Some examples of such adjustments include recording the issuance of debt with a beneficial conversion feature and certain tax consequences of equity instruments awarded to employees. Use this element for the aggregate amount of additional paid-in capital associated with common and preferred stock. For additional paid-in capital associated with only common stock, use the element additional paid in capital, common stock. For additional paid-in capital associated with only preferred stock, use the element additional paid in capital, preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdvanceRoyaltiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount paid to music publishers, record producers, songwriters, or other artists in advance of their earning royalties from record or music sales. Such an amount is based on contractual terms and is generally nonrefundable. This amount is expected to be consumed after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 928<br> -SubTopic 340<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6473541&amp;loc=d3e61799-108003<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdvanceRoyaltiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115929826&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(12))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6801-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.9)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82913815&amp;loc=SL49130532-203044<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82913815&amp;loc=SL49130531-203044<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross amount of noncurrent deferred tax liabilities, which result from applying the applicable tax rate to taxable temporary differences pertaining to each jurisdiction to which the entity is obligated to pay income tax.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e31917-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPensionPlanLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability, recognized in statement of financial position, for defined benefit pension plan, classified as noncurrent. Excludes other postretirement benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(24))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109237824&amp;loc=d3e1731-114919<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109237824&amp;loc=d3e1703-114919<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPensionPlanLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for obligations related to services received from employees, such as accrued salaries and bonuses, payroll taxes and fringe benefits. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Goodwill">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77989000&amp;loc=SL49117168-202975<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99380562&amp;loc=d3e13770-109266<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Goodwill</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts of all intangible assets, excluding goodwill, as of the balance sheet date, net of accumulated amortization and impairment charges.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph ((a)(1),(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6388964&amp;loc=d3e16212-109274<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68049868&amp;loc=d3e3927-108312<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.6(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19-26)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.21)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after unamortized (discount) premium and debt issuance costs of long-term debt classified as noncurrent and excluding amounts to be repaid within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer. Includes, but not limited to, notes payable, bonds payable, debentures, mortgage loans and commercial paper. Excludes capital lease obligations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermDebtNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6904-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6911-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.24)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable preferred shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(7))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount allocated to treasury stock. Treasury stock is common and preferred shares of an entity that were issued, repurchased by the entity, and are held in its treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6405834&amp;loc=d3e23315-112656<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29,30)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6405813&amp;loc=d3e23239-112655<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6883773456">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION (Parenthetical) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' Equity</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Preferred Stock, par value (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred Stock, shares authorized (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued', window );">Preferred Stock, shares issued (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' Equity</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common Stock, shares authorized (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">180,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">180,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common Stock, shares issued (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,126,963<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">70,110,603<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares', window );">Treasury stock (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">22,633,869<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,853,257<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Shareholders' Equity</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common Stock, shares authorized (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">72,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common Stock, shares issued (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,054,707<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,071,067<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares', window );">Treasury stock (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,917,574<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,917,574<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of preferred stock nonredeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) issued to shareholders (includes related preferred shares that were issued, repurchased, and remain in the treasury). May be all or portion of the number of preferred shares authorized. Excludes preferred shares that are classified as debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of common and preferred shares that were previously issued and that were repurchased by the issuing entity and held in treasury on the financial statement date. This stock has no voting rights and receives no dividends.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29,30)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6405813&amp;loc=d3e23239-112655<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6884047904">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($)<br> shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,800,069<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,796,103<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,718,530<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Costs and Expenses</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold', window );">Cost of sales</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">554,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">531,024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">500,794<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Operating and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1],[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">963,582<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">956,822<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">943,242<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits', window );">Restructuring and related charges</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,118<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,566<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">13,355<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets', window );">Amortization of intangibles</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">54,658<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,230<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">49,669<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses', window );">Total Costs and Expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,576,080<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,564,642<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,507,060<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Operating Income</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">223,989<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">231,461<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">211,470<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense', window );">Interest Expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(16,121)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,274)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(16,938)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax', window );">Foreign Exchange Transaction (Losses) Gains</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(6,016)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(12,819)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">421<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_InterestAndOtherIncomeExpense', window );">Interest and Other Income (Expense)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">11,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,563<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(3,837)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Income Before Taxes</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">212,952<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">213,931<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">191,116<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Provision for Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">44,689<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,745<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">77,473<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net Income</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 168,263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 192,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 113,643<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings Per Share</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.94<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.37<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.98<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.91<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.32<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.95<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Basic (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">57,192<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,043<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">57,337<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Diluted (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">57,840<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,888<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">58,199<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash Dividends Per Share</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.32<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.24<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash Dividends Per Share</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.32<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.24<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">In connection with the acquisition of The Learning House, Inc. ("Learning House"), we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.

The Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to "Change in Accounting Policy" in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, "Acquisition," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the retrospective adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-07, "Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,", total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Total net benefits (costs) related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were $8.8 million for the year ended April 30, 2019. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest Income and Other for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2018 was $4.2 million in Research, $2.3 million in Publishing, and $1.6 million in Corporate expenses. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2017 was $1.6 million in Research, $1.2 million in Publishing, and $(8.1) million in Corporate expenses.</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of interest and other income (expense) recognized during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Restructuring charges for research and professional development, net of related reversal of severance provisions previously recorded by the Company.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate expense charged against earnings to allocate the cost of intangible assets (nonphysical assets not used in production) in a systematic and rational manner to the periods expected to benefit from such assets. As a noncash expense, this element is added back to net income when calculating cash provided by or used in operations using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6388964&amp;loc=d3e16225-109274<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate dividends paid during the period for each share of common stock outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs related to goods produced and sold and services rendered by an entity during the reporting period. This excludes costs incurred during the reporting period related to financial services rendered and other revenue generating activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.2(a),(d))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total costs of sales and operating expenses for the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873790&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1337-109256<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109256448&amp;loc=d3e4984-109258<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109234566&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1252-109256<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873765&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=SL5780133-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109256448&amp;loc=d3e4984-109258<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1252-109256<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873765&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109234566&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1337-109256<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=SL5780133-109256<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873790&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before tax of foreign currency transaction realized and unrealized gain (loss) recognized in the income statement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450222&amp;loc=d3e30840-110895<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109240200&amp;loc=d3e30700-110894<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109240200&amp;loc=d3e30690-110894<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations before deduction of income tax expense (benefit) and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest, and addition of income (loss) from equity method investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115929826&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109238882&amp;loc=d3e38679-109324<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the cost of borrowed funds accounted for as interest expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450988&amp;loc=d3e26243-108391<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114775744&amp;loc=d3e28555-108399<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115929826&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (210.5-03(11))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04.9)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873765&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873765&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873790&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130543-203045<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130539-203045<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130545-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68048583&amp;loc=d3e3636-108311<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1505-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1448-109256<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6883826688">
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<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
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<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<td class="nump">$ 531,024<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
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<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1],[2]</sup></td>
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<td class="nump">956,822<span></span>
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<td class="nump">943,242<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Costs and Expenses</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">45,800<span></span>
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<td class="nump">40,000<span></span>
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<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Costs and Expenses</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">In connection with the acquisition of The Learning House, Inc. ("Learning House"), we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.

The Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to "Change in Accounting Policy" in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, "Acquisition," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the retrospective adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-07, "Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,", total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Total net benefits (costs) related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were $8.8 million for the year ended April 30, 2019. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6882915792">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract', window );"><strong>CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net Income</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 168,263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 192,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 113,643<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,534)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">67,639<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(51,292)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Unrealized retirement costs, net of tax benefit of $1,337, $252, and $3,286, respectively</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,031)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(524)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,097)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swaps, net of tax benefit (expense) of $1,161, $(459), and $(1,709), respectively</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,593)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">592<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,788<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income</a></td>
<td class="num">(69,158)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">67,707<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(59,601)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Comprehensive Income</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 99,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 259,893<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 54,042<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=d3e557-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873765&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873790&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of gain (loss) for (increase) decrease in value of benefit obligation for change in actuarial assumptions and increase (decrease) in value of plan assets from experience different from that assumed of defined benefit plan, that has not been recognized in net periodic benefit (cost) credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b,c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109240241&amp;loc=d3e32211-110900<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to parent entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109239629&amp;loc=SL4573702-111684<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108774443&amp;loc=SL4569643-111683<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108774443&amp;loc=SL4569616-111683<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in accumulated gain (loss) from derivative instruments designated and qualifying as the effective portion of cash flow hedges and an entity's share of an equity investee's increase (decrease) in deferred hedging gain (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109978405&amp;loc=d3e80720-113993<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>32
<FILENAME>R7.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6861077200">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodTax', window );">Unrealized retirement costs, net of tax benefit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,337<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 252<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,286<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodTax', window );">Unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swaps, net of tax benefit (expense)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,161<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (459)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,709)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of tax expense (benefit) for (increase) decrease in value of benefit obligation for change in actuarial assumptions and increase (decrease) in value of plan assets from experience different from that assumed of defined benefit plan, that has not been recognized in net periodic benefit (cost) credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=d3e640-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of tax expense (benefit), before reclassification adjustments, related to increase (decrease) in accumulated gain (loss) from derivative instruments designated and qualifying as the effective portion of cash flow hedges and an entity's share of an equity investee's increase (decrease) in deferred hedging gain (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=d3e640-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6884489952">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating Activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net Income</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 168,263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 192,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 113,643<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets', window );">Amortization of intangibles</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">54,658<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,230<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49,669<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets', window );">Amortization of product development assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">37,079<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">41,432<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,209<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation and amortization of technology, property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">69,418<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">66,683<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits', window );">Restructuring and related charges</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,118<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,566<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,355<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges', window );">Deferred income tax benefit on U.K. rate changes</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,575)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">18,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,244<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,552<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ExcessTaxBenefitFromShareBasedCompensationOperatingActivities', window );">Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(414)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherPostretirementBenefitExpense', window );">Employee retirement plan expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">5,236<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,388<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,169<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidRoyalties', window );">Royalty advances</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(129,949)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(122,602)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(112,370)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfAdvanceRoyalty', window );">Earned royalty advances</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">129,125<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">116,620<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">114,647<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill', window );">Impairment of publishing brand</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax', window );">Foreign currency gains (losses)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,016<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,819<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(421)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement', window );">Unfavorable tax litigation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49,029<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PensionSettlementExpense', window );">One-time pension settlement</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,842<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense', window );">Other non-cash credits</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(11,934)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(30,752)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,450)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherReceivables', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(52,939)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,209)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(29,886)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories', window );">Inventories, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,820<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,517<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,003<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,369<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,543<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(24,182)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInRoyaltiesPayable', window );">Accrued royalties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,169<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,664<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,325<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">18,106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,243<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,692<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable', window );">Accrued income taxes</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">9,613<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(565)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,479<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInRestructuringReserve', window );">Restructuring payments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(15,219)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(30,595)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(22,854)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingLiabilities', window );">Other accrued liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(32,713)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,022<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,367<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPostretirementObligations', window );">Employee retirement plan contributions</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(40,470)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(27,550)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(39,687)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,262)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,194<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,078<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">250,831<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">382,322<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">314,903<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Investing Activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets', window );">Product development spending</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(24,426)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(36,503)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(43,603)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Additions to technology, property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(77,167)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(114,225)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(105,058)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireIntangibleAssets', window );">Acquisitions of publication rights and other</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(9,494)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(26,683)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(28,842)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired', window );">Businesses acquired in purchase transactions, net of cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(190,415)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(125,924)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities', window );">Proceeds from settlement of foreign exchange forward contracts</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,417<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net Cash Used in Investing Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(301,502)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(177,411)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(243,010)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Financing Activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermDebt', window );">Repayment of long-term debt</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(476,246)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(467,915)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(923,007)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebt', window );">Borrowing of long-term debt</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">596,320<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">459,304<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">683,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock', window );">Purchase of treasury shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(59,994)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(39,688)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(50,326)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfBankOverdrafts', window );">Change in book overdrafts</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(5,674)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,191)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(214)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock', window );">Cash dividends</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(75,752)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(73,542)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(71,545)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Net proceeds from exercise of stock options and other</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,751<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,201<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,506<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ExcessTaxBenefitFromShareBasedCompensationFinancingActivities', window );">Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">414<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net Cash Used in Financing Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(17,595)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(96,831)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(346,172)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(8,443)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,661<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(31,011)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffectAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">(Decrease)/Increase for year</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(76,709)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">111,741<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(305,290)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Balance at beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">170,257<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,516<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">363,806<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Balance at end of year</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">93,548<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">170,257<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,516<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash Paid During the Year for</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet', window );">Interest</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">14,867<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,221<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,733<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet', window );">Income taxes, net of refunds</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">48,264<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,709<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,674<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionsByUniqueDescriptionAxis=jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember', window );">Learning House [Member] | Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNetNonmonetaryAssetsAcquiredLiabilitiesAssumedAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-cash items associated with acquisition</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue', window );">Warrants to purchase 0.4 million shares of Wiley Class A Common Stock issued in connection with the Learning House acquisition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash," we are now required to include restricted cash as part of the change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. As a result, amounts which were previously classified as cash flows from operating activities have been reclassified as they are recognized in the total change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for book composition and other product development spending.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_AdditionsToProductDevelopmentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The charge against earnings in the period representing the amortization of product development assets, which consist of composition costs and royalty advances to authors.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_AmortizationOfProductDevelopmentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_CashPaidDuringPeriodForAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the income tax expense related to unfavorable tax settlement due to unfavorable decision from tax jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Non-cash deferred tax benefits on U.K. rate changes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_NonCashDeferredTaxBenefitsOnUKRateChanges</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of warrants issued as [noncash or part noncash] consideration for a business or asset acquired. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that affect recognized assets or liabilities but that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNoncashFinancialOrEquityInstrumentConsiderationWarrantsIssuedValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_PensionSettlementExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of pension benefit costs recognized during the period for one-time non-cash charge for settlement of a portion of a defined benefit pension plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_PensionSettlementExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Restructuring charges for research and professional development, net of related reversal of severance provisions previously recorded by the Company.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfAdvanceRoyalty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The expense charged against earnings for the periodic recognition of the advance royalties. These royalties are paid in one accounting period, but are deducted from earnings over time through amortization. For example, royalties that are required to be paid in advance of production from a mineral, oil, or gas property and amortized over the period of right to produce these items.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AmortizationOfAdvanceRoyalty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate expense charged against earnings to allocate the cost of intangible assets (nonphysical assets not used in production) in a systematic and rational manner to the periods expected to benefit from such assets. As a noncash expense, this element is added back to net income when calculating cash provided by or used in operations using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6388964&amp;loc=d3e16225-109274<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513438&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffectAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffectAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Depreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currencies. Excludes amounts for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513438&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ExcessTaxBenefitFromShareBasedCompensationFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from realized tax benefit related to deductible compensation cost reported on the entity's tax return for equity instruments in excess of the compensation cost for those instruments recognized for financial reporting purposes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196918&amp;loc=d3e11374-113907<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ExcessTaxBenefitFromShareBasedCompensationFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ExcessTaxBenefitFromShareBasedCompensationOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for realized tax benefit related to deductible compensation cost reported on the entity's tax return for equity instruments in excess of the compensation cost for those instruments recognized for financial reporting purposes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196918&amp;loc=d3e11374-113907<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ExcessTaxBenefitFromShareBasedCompensationOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before tax of foreign currency transaction realized and unrealized gain (loss) recognized in the income statement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450222&amp;loc=d3e30840-110895<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109240200&amp;loc=d3e30700-110894<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109240200&amp;loc=d3e30690-110894<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of impairment loss resulting from write-down of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance and having a projected indefinite period of benefit to fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16373-109275<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of cash paid during the current period to foreign, federal, state, and local authorities as taxes on income, net of any cash received during the current period as refunds for the overpayment of taxes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4297-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherReceivables">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the amount due from customers for the credit sale of goods and services; includes accounts receivable and other types of receivables.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherReceivables</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Change in recurring obligations of a business that arise from the acquisition of merchandise, materials, supplies and services used in the production and sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the period in the amount due for taxes based on the reporting entity's earnings or attributable to the entity's income earning process (business presence) within a given jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate value of all inventory held by the reporting entity, associated with underlying transactions that are classified as operating activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in operating assets after deduction of operating liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in operating liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPostretirementObligations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in obligation for other postretirement benefits. Includes, but is not limited to, defined benefit and defined contribution plans. Excludes pension benefits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPostretirementObligations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidRoyalties">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) of consideration paid in advance for royalties that provide economic benefits in future periods.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidRoyalties</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInRestructuringReserve">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the period in the carrying amount (including both current and noncurrent portions of the accrual) of the liability pertaining to the exit from or disposal of business activities or restructuring pursuant to a duly authorized plan, excluding costs or losses pertaining to an entity newly acquired in a business combination and to asset retirement obligations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInRestructuringReserve</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInRoyaltiesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the obligations due for compensation payments related to the use of copyrights, patents, trade names, licenses, technology. Royalty payments are also paid by the lease holders for oil, gas, and mineral extraction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInRoyaltiesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash paid for interest, excluding capitalized interest, classified as operating activity. Includes, but is not limited to, payment to settle zero-coupon bond for accreted interest of debt discount and debt instrument with insignificant coupon interest rate in relation to effective interest rate of borrowing attributable to accreted interest of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4297-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3367-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873765&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873790&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNetNonmonetaryAssetsAcquiredLiabilitiesAssumedAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNetNonmonetaryAssetsAcquiredLiabilitiesAssumedAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) included in net income that results in no cash inflow (outflow), classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherPostretirementBenefitExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost (reversal of cost) for other postretirement benefits. Excludes pension benefits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherPostretirementBenefitExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow to reacquire common stock during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow in the form of ordinary dividends to common shareholders of the parent entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of a business, net of the cash acquired from the purchase.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireIntangibleAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow to acquire asset without physical form usually arising from contractual or other legal rights, excluding goodwill.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireIntangibleAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow for a financial contract that meets the hedge criteria as either a cash flow hedge, fair value hedge, or hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 27<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3581-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3179-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromHedgeInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from a debt initially having maturity due after one year or beyond the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfBankOverdrafts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net cash inflow or outflow from the excess drawing from an existing cash balance, which will be honored by the bank but reflected as a loan to the drawer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3098-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfBankOverdrafts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from exercise of stock options granted under share-based compensation arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=SL79508275-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for debt initially having maturity due after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of noncash, equity-based employee remuneration. This may include the value of stock or unit options, amortization of restricted stock or units, and adjustment for officers' compensation. As noncash, this element is an add back when calculating net cash generated by operating activities using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionsByUniqueDescriptionAxis=jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionsByUniqueDescriptionAxis=jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6874167616">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical)<br> shares in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2019 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNetNonmonetaryAssetsAcquiredLiabilitiesAssumedAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-cash items associated with acquisition</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrants to purchase shares, in connection with acquisition (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.4<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of securities into which the class of warrant or right may be converted. For example, but not limited to, 500,000 warrants may be converted into 1,000,000 shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNetNonmonetaryAssetsAcquiredLiabilitiesAssumedAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionNetNonmonetaryAssetsAcquiredLiabilitiesAssumedAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
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<TYPE>XML
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6886963568">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Common Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Class A [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Common Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Class B [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] </div>
<div>Class A [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] </div>
<div>Class B [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Retained Earnings [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Retained Earnings [Member] </div>
<div>Class A [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Retained Earnings [Member] </div>
<div>Class B [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Treasury Stock [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Treasury Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Class A [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Treasury Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Class B [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member] </div>
<div>Class A [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member] </div>
<div>Class B [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Total</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Class A [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Class B [Member]</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance at Apr. 30, 2016</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 69,798<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,392<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 368,698<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,673,325<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (640,421)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (447,686)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,037,106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedStockAwardNetOfForfeitures', window );">Restricted Shares Issued under Stock-based Compensation Plans</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,617)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,013<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">396<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Net (Payments)/Proceeds from Exercise of Stock Options and Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,849<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,657<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,506<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensation', window );">Excess Tax Benefits from Stock-based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">414<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">414<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockGrantedDuringPeriodValueSharebasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based Compensation Expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,552<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,552<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod', window );">Purchase of Treasury Shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(50,326)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(50,326)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsCommonStockCash', window );">Common Stock Dividends</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
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<td class="nump">0<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
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</td>
<td class="num">$ (60,143)<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (11,402)<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (60,143)<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (11,402)<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityOther', window );">Common Stock Class Conversions</a></td>
<td class="nump">288<span></span>
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<td class="num">(296)<span></span>
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<td class="nump">0<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">113,643<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(59,601)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">54,042<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance at Apr. 30, 2017</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,086<span></span>
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<td class="nump">13,096<span></span>
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<td class="nump">387,896<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,715,423<span></span>
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<td class="num">(676,077)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(507,287)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,003,137<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedStockAwardNetOfForfeitures', window );">Restricted Shares Issued under Stock-based Compensation Plans</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,646)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,968<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">312<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Net (Payments)/Proceeds from Exercise of Stock Options and Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,686<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,515<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,201<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockGrantedDuringPeriodValueSharebasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based Compensation Expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,184<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,244<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod', window );">Purchase of Treasury Shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(39,688)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(39,688)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsCommonStockCash', window );">Common Stock Dividends</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(61,813)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,729)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(61,813)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,729)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityOther', window );">Common Stock Class Conversions</a></td>
<td class="nump">25<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(25)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">192,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">67,707<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">259,893<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance at Apr. 30, 2018</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,111<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">407,120<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,834,057<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(694,222)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(439,580)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,190,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption', window );">Adjustment due to adoption of new revenue standard | New Revenue Standard [Member]</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,503<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,503<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedStockAwardNetOfForfeitures', window );">Restricted Shares Issued under Stock-based Compensation Plans</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,544)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,826<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">285<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Net (Payments)/Proceeds from Exercise of Stock Options and Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,837<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,086)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,751<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockGrantedDuringPeriodValueSharebasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based Compensation Expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod', window );">Purchase of Treasury Shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(59,994)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(59,994)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsCommonStockCash', window );">Common Stock Dividends</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (63,684)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (12,068)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (63,684)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (12,068)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityOther', window );">Common Stock Class Conversions</a></td>
<td class="nump">16<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued', window );">Issuance of Warrants Related to Acquisition of a Business</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">168,263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(69,158)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">99,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
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<td class="nump">$ 70,127<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,055<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 422,305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,931,074<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (746,476)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (508,738)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,181,347<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in additional paid in capital (APIC) resulting from a tax benefit associated with share-based compensation plan other than an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP). Includes, but is not limited to, excess tax benefit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109259400&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 740<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109245112&amp;loc=d3e23524-113945<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalTaxEffectFromShareBasedCompensation</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in additional paid in capital (APIC) resulting from the issuance of warrants. Includes allocation of proceeds of debt securities issued with detachable stock purchase warrants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109126253&amp;loc=d3e4724-112606<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109259400&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=d3e557-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) to equity or (increase) decrease to net assets, resulting from the cumulative effect adjustment of a new accounting principle applied in the period of adoption.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendsCommonStockCash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of paid and unpaid common stock dividends declared with the form of settlement in cash.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsCommonStockCash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockGrantedDuringPeriodValueSharebasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value, after forfeitures, of stock or other type of equity granted of any equity-based compensation plan other than an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109243414&amp;loc=d3e3913-113898<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6418191&amp;loc=d3e15009-113911<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockGrantedDuringPeriodValueSharebasedCompensation</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock related to Restricted Stock Awards issued during the period, net of the stock value of such awards forfeited.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109259400&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedStockAwardNetOfForfeitures</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued as a result of the exercise of stock options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109259400&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-31)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the cost of common and preferred stock that were repurchased during the period. Recorded using the cost method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109259400&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6405813&amp;loc=d3e23239-112655<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6866353952">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate dividends paid during the period for each share of common stock outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860815728">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Description of Business<br></strong></div></th>
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<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 1 &#8211; Description of Business</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Company, founded in 1807, was incorporated in the state of New York on January 15, 1904. Throughout this report, when we refer to &#8220;Wiley,&#8221; the &#8220;Company,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;our,&#8221; or &#8220;us,&#8221; we are referring to John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. and all of our subsidiaries, except where the context indicates otherwise.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are a global research and learning company. Through our <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Research</font> segment, we provide scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, as well as related content and services, to academic, corporate, and government libraries, learned societies, and individual researchers and other professionals.&#160;The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Publishing</font> segment provides scientific, professional, and education books and related content in print and digital formats, as well as test preparation services and course workflow tools, to libraries, corporations, students, professionals, and researchers.&#160;The <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Solutions </font>segment provides online program management services for higher education institutions and learning, development, and assessment services for businesses and professionals. We have operations primarily located in the United States, United Kingdom (&#8220;U.K.&#8221;), Germany, Russia, Singapore, and France.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the nature of an entity's business, major products or services, principal markets including location, and the relative importance of its operations in each business and the basis for the determination, including but not limited to, assets, revenues, or earnings. For an entity that has not commenced principal operations, disclosures about the risks and uncertainties related to the activities in which the entity is currently engaged and an understanding of what those activities are being directed toward.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6874194928">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationBasisOfPresentationBusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock', window );">Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 2 &#8211; Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Basis of Presentation:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our Consolidated Financial Statements include all of the accounts of the Company and our subsidiaries. We have eliminated all intercompany transactions and balances in consolidation. All amounts are in thousands, except per share amounts, and approximate due to rounding.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Change in Accounting Policy:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection </font>with the acquisition of Learning House (See Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition&#8221;), we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share on the Consolidated Statements of Income.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Reclassifications:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Use of Estimates:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include, among other items, revenue recognition, sales return reserves, allocation of acquisition purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, intangible assets with finite lives and other long-lived assets, and retirement plans.&#160; We review these estimates and assumptions periodically using historical experience and other factors and reflect the effects of any revisions on the Consolidated Financial Statements in the period we determine any revisions to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates, which could affect the reported results.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Book Overdrafts:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Under our cash management system, a book overdraft balance exists for our primary disbursement accounts. This overdraft represents uncleared checks in excess of cash balances in individual bank accounts. Our funds are transferred from other existing bank account balances or from lines of credit as needed to fund checks presented for payment. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, book overdrafts of $7.4 million and $13.1 million, respectively, were included in Accounts Payable on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Revenue Recognition:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Note 3, &#8220;Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of our revenue recognition policy.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Cash and Cash Equivalents:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase and are stated at cost, which approximates market value, because of the short-term maturity of the instruments.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The estimated allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a review of the aging of the accounts receivable balances, historical write-off experience, credit evaluations of customers, and current market conditions. A change in the evaluation of a customer&#8217;s credit could affect the estimated allowance. The allowance for doubtful accounts is shown as a reduction of Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and amounted to $14.3 million and $10.1 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Sales Return Reserves:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The process that we use to determine our sales returns and the related reserve provision charged against revenue is based on applying an estimated return rate to current year returnable print book sales. This rate is based upon an analysis of actual historical return experience in the various markets and geographic regions in which we do business. We collect, maintain and analyze significant amounts of sales returns data for large volumes of homogeneous transactions. This allows us to make reasonable estimates of the amount of future returns. All available data is utilized to identify the returns by market and to which fiscal year the sales returns apply. This enables management to track the returns in detail and identify and react to trends occurring in the marketplace, with the objective of being able to make the most informed judgments possible in setting reserve rates. Associated with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related increase to inventory and a reduction to accrued royalties as a result of the expected returns. Print book sales return reserves amounted to a net liability balance of $18.5 million and $18.6 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The reserves are reflected in the following accounts of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position &#8211; increase (decrease):</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accounts receivable, net <sup>(1)</sup></font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5,048</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contract liability (Deferred revenue) <sup>(1)</sup></font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">25,934</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Decrease in Net Assets</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; 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In prior periods, the sales return reserve of $28.3 million was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Inventories:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or market. U.S. book inventories aggregating $21.0 million and $24.0 million at April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, are valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method.&#160;All other inventories are valued using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Reserve for Inventory Obsolescence</font>:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A reserve for inventory obsolescence is estimated based on a review of damaged, obsolete, or otherwise unsalable inventory. The review encompasses historical unit sales trends by title, current market conditions, including estimates of customer demand compared to the number of units currently on hand, and publication revision cycles. The inventory obsolescence reserve is reported as a reduction of the Inventories, net balance on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and amounted to $15.8 million and $18.2 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Product Development Assets:&#160;</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Product development assets consist of book composition costs and other product development costs. Costs associated with developing a book publication are expensed until the product is determined to be commercially viable. Book composition costs represent the costs incurred to bring an edited commercial manuscript to publication, which include typesetting, proofreading, design, illustration costs, and digital formatting. Book composition costs are capitalized and are generally amortized on a double-declining basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 1 to 3 years. Other product development costs represent the costs incurred in developing software, platforms, and digital content to be sold and licensed to third parties. Other product development costs are capitalized and generally amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. As of April 30, 2019, the weighted average estimated useful life of other product development costs was approximately 5 years.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Royalty Advances:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Royalty advances are capitalized and, upon publication, are expensed as royalties earned based on sales of the published works. Royalty advances are reviewed for recoverability and a reserve for loss is maintained, if appropriate.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Shipping and Handling Costs:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Costs incurred for third party shipping and handling are primarily reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. We incurred $32.7 million, $33.7 million, and $39.1 million in shipping and handling costs in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Advertising Expense:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. We incurred $89.5 million, $68.3 million, and $61.4 million in advertising costs in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, and these costs are included in Cost of Sales and Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Advertising costs of $53.7 million, $38.3 million, and $32.4 million were included in Cost of Sales in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Advertising costs of $35.8 million, $30.0 million, and $29.0 million were included in Operating and Administrative Expenses in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. </font>Refer to the section above &#8220;Change in Accounting Policy&#8221; for more information regarding the reclassification of certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Technology, Property, and Equipment:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Technology, property, and equipment is recorded at cost. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Technology, property and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method based upon the following estimated useful lives: Computer Software &#8211; 3 to 10 years, Computer Hardware &#8211; 3 to 5 years; Buildings and Leasehold Improvements &#8211; the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset up to 40 years or the duration of the lease; Furniture, Fixtures, and Warehouse Equipment &#8211; 5 to 10 years.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Costs incurred for computer software internally developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized during the application development stage and expensed as incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages. Costs incurred during the application development stage include costs of materials and services and payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with the software project. Such costs are amortized over the expected useful life of the related software, which is generally 3 to 5 years. Costs related to the investment in our Enterprise Resource Planning and related systems are amortized over an expected useful life of 10 years. Maintenance, training, and upgrade costs that do not result in additional functionality are expensed as incurred.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Allocation of Acquisition Purchase Price to Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed</font>:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection with acquisitions, we allocate the cost of the acquisition to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on the estimates of fair value for such items, including intangible assets and technology acquired. Such estimates include discounted estimated cash flows to be generated by those assets and the expected useful lives based on historical experience and current market trends to be achieved from the acquisition and the expected tax basis of assets acquired. We may use a third-party valuation consultant to assist in the determination of such estimates.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate of the following: (1) consideration transferred, (2) the fair value of any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, and (3) if the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition-date fair value of our previously held equity interest in the acquiree over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of brands, trademarks, content, and publishing rights and are typically characterized by intellectual property with a long and well-established revenue stream resulting from strong and well-established imprint/brand recognition in the market.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We use the acquisition method of accounting for all business combinations and do not amortize goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Intangible Assets with Finite Lives and Other Long-Lived Assets:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Finite-lived intangible assets principally consist of brands, trademarks, content and publication rights, customer relationships, and non-compete agreements and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The most significant factors in determining the estimated lives of these intangibles are the history and longevity of the brands, trademarks, and content and publication rights acquired combined with the strength of cash flows.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Intangible assets with finite lives as of April 30, 2019, are amortized on a straight line basis over the following weighted average estimated useful lives: content and publishing rights &#8211; 34 years, customer relationships &#8211; 18 years, brands and trademarks &#8211; 16 years, non-compete agreements &#8211; 3 years.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Assets with finite lives are evaluated for impairment upon a significant change in the operating or macroeconomic environment.&#160;In these circumstances, if an evaluation of the projected undiscounted cash flows indicates impairment, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value based on the discounted future cash flows.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Derivative Financial Instruments:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">From time to time, we enter into foreign exchange forward and interest rate swap contracts as a hedge against foreign currency asset and liability commitments, changes in interest rates, and anticipated transaction exposures, including intercompany purchases. 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Our significant investments in non-U.S. businesses are exposed to foreign currency risk. Foreign currency translation adjustments are reported as a separate component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss within Shareholders&#8217; Equity. During the year ended April 30, 2019, we recorded $60.5 million of foreign currency translation losses primarily </font>as a result of the fluctuations of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling and, to a lesser extent, the euro. <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign currency transaction gains or losses are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income as incurred.</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Stock-Based Compensation:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We recognize stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the stock-based awards on the grant date, reduced by an estimate for future forfeited awards.&#160;As such, stock-based compensation expense is only recognized for those awards that are expected to ultimately vest. The fair value of stock-based awards is recognized in net income generally on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The grant date fair value for stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The determination of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model required us to make judgments and estimates, which include the expected life of an option, the expected volatility of our Common Stock over the estimated life of the option, a risk-free interest rate, and the expected dividend yield. Judgment was also required in estimating the amount of stock-based awards that may be forfeited. Stock-based compensation expense associated with performance-based stock awards is based on actual financial results for targets established three years in advance. The cumulative effect on current and prior periods of a change in the estimated number of performance share awards, or estimated forfeiture rate, is recognized as an adjustment to earnings in the period of the revision. If actual results differ significantly from estimates, our stock-based compensation expense and consolidated results of operations could be impacted.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Recently Adopted Accounting Standards</div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Stock Compensation &#8211; Scope of Modification Accounting</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;) issued Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) 2017-09, &#8220;Compensation&#8212;Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting,&#8221; which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is only required if the fair value, vesting conditions or classification (equity or liability) of the new award are different from the original award immediately before the original award is modified. We adopted ASU 2017-09 on May 1, 2018 and there was no impact to our consolidated financial statements. The new guidance must be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The future impact of ASU 2017-09 will be dependent on the nature of future stock award modifications.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, &#8220;Compensation&#8212;Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.&#8221; The guidance requires that the service cost component of net pension and postretirement benefit costs be reported in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period, while the other components of net benefit costs must be reported separately from the service cost component and below operating income. The guidance also allows only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. We adopted ASU 2017-07 on May 1, 2018. The new guidance must be applied retrospectively for the presentation of net benefit costs in the income statement and prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component of net benefit costs.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The effect of retrospectively adopting this guidance resulted in a reclassification of net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The amount included in Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended April 30, 2019 was a net benefit of $8.8 million. 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The future impact of ASU 2017-01 will be dependent upon the nature of future acquisitions or dispositions made by us.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, &#8220;Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.&#8221; ASU 2016-18 requires that entities include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents in the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the Statement of Cash Flows. We adopted ASU 2016-18 on May 1, 2018. Retrospective transition method is to be applied to each period presented. As a result of this retrospective adoption, the reclassification of restricted cash into a change in total cash resulted in a reduction in Cash Provided By Operating Activities of $0.5 million for the year ended April 30, 2018. 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Recently Issued Accounting Standards</div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software: Customer&#8217;s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, &#8220;Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer&#8217;s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract.&#8221; ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, &#8220;Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.&#8221; ASU 2018-14 removes certain disclosures that are not considered cost beneficial, clarifies certain required disclosures and added additional disclosures. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in ASU 2018-14 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis.&#160; We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, &#8220;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.&#8221; ASU 2018-13 removes certain disclosures, modifies certain disclosures and added additional disclosures. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Certain disclosures in ASU 2018-13 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 &#8220;Income Statement&#8212;Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,&#8221; which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2019, and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. We adopted ASU 2018-02 on May 1, 2019. We did not elect to reclassify the income tax effects from comprehensive income to retained earnings for the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Our policy for releasing the income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income is when the corresponding pretax accumulated other comprehensive income items are reclassified to earnings.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, &#8220;Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities,&#8221; to simplify and improve the application and financial reporting of hedge accounting. Subsequently, in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, &#8220;Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes&#8221;.&#160; In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, &#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#8212;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments.&#8221; ASU 2017-12&#160;eases the requirements for measuring and reporting hedge ineffectiveness and clarifies that changes in the fair value of hedging instruments for cash flow, net investment, and fair value hedges should be reflected in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. The guidance also permits entities to designate specific components in cash flow and interest rate hedges as the hedged risk, instead of using total cash flows. ASU 2018-16 allows the use of the OIS rate based on the SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. These ASUs are effective for us on May 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We adopted ASU 2017-12, 2018-16 and 2019-04, for those portions related to ASU 2017-02, on May 1, 2019 and there was no impact to our consolidated financial statements at the date of adoption. The future impact will depend upon any future hedging activities we may enter into.</font></font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, &#8220;Intangibles&#8211;Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): &#8220;Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment&#8221;, which simplifies the measurement of a potential goodwill impairment charge by eliminating the requirement to calculate an implied fair value of the goodwill based on the fair value of a reporting unit&#8217;s other assets and liabilities. The new guidance eliminates the implied fair value method and instead measures a potential impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit&#8217;s carrying value compared to its fair value. The impairment charge cannot exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Based on our most recent annual goodwill impairment test completed in the year ended April 30, 2019, we expect no initial impact on adoption.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, &#8220;Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.&#8221; Subsequently, in May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019</font>-05 - "Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8221;, in April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, &#8220;</font>Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">,&#8221; and in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, &#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses&#8221;.&#160; ASU 2016-13 requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for most financial assets held at the reporting date based on an expected loss model which includes historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Entities will now use forward-looking information to better form their credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 also requires enhanced disclosures to help financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity&#8217;s portfolio. ASU 2016-13, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2018-19 are effective for us on May 1, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.</font></font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leases</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)&#8221;. Subsequently, the FASB issued in March 2019, ASU 2019-01, &#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements&#8221;, in December 2018 ASU 2018-20, &#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors&#8221;,&#160;and in July 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, &#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements&#8221; and ASU 2018-10, &#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases&#8221;.&#160; ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset (&#8220;ROU&#8221;) and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months and provide enhanced disclosures. Recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses will depend on classification as a finance or operating lease. Similar modifications have been made to lessor accounting in-line with revenue recognition guidance.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. We expect to elect the practical expedients to forgo a reassessment of (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) initial direct costs.&#160; We do not expect to elect the practical expedient allowing the use-of-hindsight which would require us to reassess the lease term of our leases based on all facts and circumstances through the effective date.&#160; In addition, we do not expect to elect the practical expedient pertaining to land easements.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In addition, the new standard provides as a practical expedient, certain policy elections for ongoing lease accounting to (i) not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component if certain conditions are met, and (ii) not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases that qualify as short-term. If the short-term recognition exemption is elected, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases in transition. We expect to elect these policy elections.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. A company may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as of its date of initial application. We adopted the new standard on May 1, 2019 and used the effective date as the date of initial application. Accordingly, previously reported financial information will not be updated, and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before May 1, 2019.&#160; We expect to recognize operating lease liabilities ranging from approximately $175 to $185 million based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments for existing operating leases and ROU assets ranging from approximately $135 to $145 million on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Additionally, we are in the process of implementing a lease accounting system for our leases, including the conversion of our existing lease data to a new system and implementing relevant internal controls and procedures.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Note 15, &#8220;Commitment and Contingencies,&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of our operating leases and future commitments.</font></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div></div><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860789200">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock', window );">Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 3 </font>&#8212;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using a five-step model consisting of the following: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. Performance obligations are satisfied when we transfer control of a good or service to a customer, which can occur over time or at a point in time. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, including the expected value of variable consideration. The customer&#8217;s ability and intent to pay the transaction price is assessed in determining whether a contract exists with the customer. If collectability of substantially all the consideration in a contract is not probable, consideration received is not recognized as revenue unless the consideration is nonrefundable, and we no longer have an obligation to transfer additional goods or services to the customer or collectability becomes probable.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Disaggregation of Revenue</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following tables present our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017:</div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; 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vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 16%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Journals Subscriptions</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon).</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Journal Subscriptions</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We publish approximately 1,700 academic research journals. We sell journal subscriptions</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">directly through our sales representatives, indirectly through independent subscription agents, through promotional campaigns, and through memberships in professional societies for those journals that are sponsored by societies. Journal subscriptions are primarily licensed through contracts for digital content available online through </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Wiley Online Library</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">, which we migrated to our </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Literatum </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">platform, acquired as part of our purchase of Atypon Systems, Inc. (</font>&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Atypon</font>&#8221;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">) in March 2018. Contracts are negotiated by us directly with customers or their subscription agents. Subscription periods typically cover calendar years. Print journals are generally mailed to subscribers directly from independent printers.&#160;We do not own or manage printing facilities.&#160;Subscription revenue is generally collected in advance.</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In a </font>typical journal subscription sale, there is a written agreement between us and our customer that cover multiple years.&#160; However, we typically account for these agreements as one-year contracts because our enforceable rights under the agreements are subject to an annual confirmation and negotiation process with the customer.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In journal subscriptions, multiple performance obligations exist, which include a stand-ready promise to provide access to new content for one year and a perpetual license for access to historical journal content. The transaction price consists of fixed consideration.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We allocate revenue to the stand-ready promise to provide access to new content for one year based on its standalone selling price and the revenue for new content is recognized over time as we have a continuous stand-ready obligation to provide the right of access to additional intellectual property. The allocation of revenue to the perpetual licenses for access to historical journal content is done using the expected cost plus a margin approach as permitted by the new revenue standard. Revenue is recognized at the point in time when access to historical content is initially granted.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Open Access</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Under the Author-Funded Access business model, accepted research articles are published subject to payment of Article Publication Charges (&#8220;APCs&#8221;). All Author-Funded articles are immediately free to access online. Contributors of Author-Funded Access articles retain many rights and typically license their work under terms that permit re-use. Author-Funded Access offers authors choices in how to share and disseminate their work, and it serves the needs of researchers who may be required by their research funder to make articles freely accessible without embargo. APCs are typically paid by the individual author or by the author&#8217;s funder, and payments are often mediated by the author&#8217;s institution. We provide specific workflows and infrastructure to authors, funders and institutions to support the requirements of the Author-Funded Access model.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Customers in open access are typically individual educational institutions or a consortium of universities. Under the Author-Funded Access model, we have a signed contract with the customer that contains enforceable rights.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Author-Funded Access model in a typical model includes an over-time single performance obligation that combines a promise to host the customer&#8217;s content on our open access platform, and a promise to provide a discount on APCs of eligible users (as defined in the contract) in exchange for an upfront payment. Enforceable right to payment occurs over time as we fulfill our obligation to provide a discount to eligible users, as defined, on future APCs. Therefore, the upfront payment is deferred and recognized over time.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In January 2019, Wiley announced a new contractual arrangement in support of Open Access, a countrywide partnership agreement with Projekt DEAL, a representative of nearly 700 academic institutions in Germany. This transformative three-year agreement provides all Projekt DEAL institutions with access to read Wiley&#8217;s academic journals back to the year 1997, and researchers at Projekt DEAL institutions can publish articles open access in Wiley&#8217;s journals. The partnership will better support institutions and researchers in advancing open science, driving discovery, and developing and disseminating knowledge. We are compensated primarily through a fee per article published.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other includes advertising, backfile sales, the licensing of publishing rights, journal and article reprints, and individual article sales.&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A backfile</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">license provides access to a historical collection of Wiley journals, generally for a one-time fee.&#160;</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Within Licensing, the revenue derived from these contracts is primarily comprised of advance payments, including minimum guarantees and sales- or usage-based royalty agreements. For our sales-or usage-based royalty agreements, we recognize revenue in the period of usage based on the amounts earned. We record revenue under these arrangements for the amounts due and not yet reported to us based on estimates of the sales or usage of these customers and pursuant to the terms of the contracts. We also have certain licenses whereby we receive a non-refundable minimum guarantee against a volume-based royalty throughout the term of the agreement. We recognize revenue for the minimum guarantee on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement because of the stand-ready promise to provide updates during the subscription period. We recognize volume-based royalty income only when cumulative consideration exceeds the minimum guarantee.</font></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"></font><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Reprints contracts generally contain a single performance obligation which is the delivery of printed articles. Revenue is recognized at the time of delivery of the printed articles.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For Backfiles, the performance obligation is the granting of a functional intellectual property license. Revenue is recognized at the time the functional intellectual property license is granted.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other includes our Article Select offering, whereby we have a single performance obligation to our customers to give access to an article through the purchase of a token. The customer redeems the token for access to the article for a 24-hour period. The customer purchases the tokens with an upfront cash payment. Revenue is recognized when access to the article is provided.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon)</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Atypon is a publishing software and service provider that enables scholarly and professional societies and publishers to deliver, host, enhance, market, and manage their content on the web through the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Literatum</font> platform.&#160;The duration of these contracts is generally multi-year ranging from 2-5 years. Atypon contracts typically include a single performance obligation for the implementation and hosting subscription services. The transaction price is fixed which may include price escalators that are fixed increases per year, and therefore, revenue is recognized upon the initiation of the subscription period and straight-lined over the contract period.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing Segment</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Included within the Publishing segment are the following revenue streams:</font></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) and Professional Publishing,</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education Publishing,</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Courseware (WileyPLUS),</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Test Preparation and Certification, and</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other.</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) and Professional Publishing and Education Publishing</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">STM books are sold and distributed globally in digital and print formats through multiple channels, including research libraries and library consortia, independent subscription agents, direct sales to professional society members, bookstores, online booksellers, and other customers.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Professional books, which include business and finance, technology, and other professional categories, as well as the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">For Dummies </font>brand, are sold to bookstores and online booksellers serving the general public, wholesalers who supply such bookstores, warehouse clubs, college bookstores, individual practitioners, industrial organizations and government agencies. We employ sales representatives who call upon independent bookstores, national and regional chain bookstores, and wholesalers. Sales of professional books also result from direct mail campaigns, telemarketing, online access, advertising, and reviews in periodicals.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education textbooks and related supplementary material and digital products are sold primarily to bookstores and online booksellers serving both for-profit and nonprofit educational institutions (primarily colleges and universities), and direct-to-students. We employ sales representatives who call on faculty responsible for selecting books to be used in courses, and on the bookstores that serve such institutions and their students. The textbook business is seasonal, with the majority of textbook sales occurring during the July-through-October and December-through-January periods. Book sales for STM, Professional and Education Publishing are generally made on a returnable basis with certain restrictions.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our performance obligations as it relates to STM, Professional and Education Publishing are primarily book products delivered in both print and digital form which could include a single or multiple performance obligations based on the number of International Standard Book Number (&#8220;ISBN&#8217;s&#8221;) purchased.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This revenue stream also includes variable consideration as it relates to discounts and returns for both print and digital books.&#160; Discounts are identifiable by performance obligation and therefore are applied at the point of sale by performance obligation. The process that we use to determine our sales returns and the related reserve provision charged against revenue is based on applying an estimated return rate to current year returnable print book sales. This rate is based upon an analysis of actual historical return experience in the various markets and geographic regions in which we do business. We collect, maintain and analyze significant amounts of sales returns data for large volumes of homogeneous transactions. This allows us to make reasonable estimates of the amount of future returns. All available data is utilized to identify the returns by market and to which fiscal year the sales returns apply. This enables management to track the returns in detail and identify and react to trends occurring in the marketplace, with the objective of being able to make the most informed judgments possible in setting reserve rates. Associated with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related reduction in inventory and royalty costs as a result of the expected returns.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As it relates to print and digital books within the STM, Professional and Education Publishing, revenue is recognized at the point when control of product transfers, which for print is upon shipment or for digital when fulfillment of the products has been rendered.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Courseware (WileyPLUS)</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We offer high-quality online learning solutions, including WileyPLUS, a research-based, online environment for effective teaching and learning that is integrated with a complete digital textbook. Courseware customers purchase access codes to utilize the product.&#160; This could include a single or multiple performance obligations based on the number of course ISBN&#8217;s purchased. Revenue is recognized when the access codes are activated and then over the applicable semester term such product relates to.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Test Preparation and Certification</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Test Preparation and Certification business represents learning solutions, training activities and print and digital formats that are delivered to customers directly through online digital delivery platforms, bookstores, online booksellers, and other customers.&#160;Products include CPAExcel, a modular, digital platform comprised of online self-study, videos, mobile apps, and sophisticated planning tools to help professionals prepare for the CPA exam, and test preparation products for the CFA&#174;, CMA, CIA&#174;, CMT&#174;, FRN&#174;, FINRA, Banking, and PMP&#174; exams.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Test Preparation and Certification contracts are generally three-year agreements. This revenue stream includes multiple performance obligations as it relates to the on-line and printed course materials, including such items as text books, e-books, video lectures, flashcards, study guides and test banks. The transaction price is fixed; however, discounts are offered and returns of certain products are allowed. We allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price.&#160; Depending on the performance obligation, revenue is recognized at the time the product is delivered and control has passed to the customer or over time due to our stand-ready obligation to provide updates to the customer.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing and distribution services are made available to other publishers under agency arrangements. We also engage in co-publishing titles with international publishers and receive licensing revenue from photocopies, reproductions, translations, and digital uses of our content. Wiley also realizes advertising revenue from branded Web sites (e.g., Dummies.com, etc.) and online applications. Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other contracts are generally multi-year agreements.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue derived from our licensing contracts is primarily comprised of advance payments and sales- or usage-based royalties. Revenue for advance payments is recognized at the point in time that the functional intellectual property license is granted. For sales- or usage- based royalties, we record revenue under these arrangements for the amounts due and not yet reported to us based on estimates of the sales or usage of these customers and pursuant to the terms of the contracts.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions Segment</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Included within the Solutions segment are the following revenue streams:</font></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education Services,</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Professional Assessment, and</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate Learning.</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Education Services</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As student demand for online degree and certificate programs continues to increase, traditional institutions are partnering with o<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">nline program management </font>providers to develop and support these programs. Education Services include market research, marketing, student recruitment, enrollment support, proactive retention support, academic services to design courses, faculty support, and access to the Engage Learning Management System, which facilitates the online education experience. Revenue is derived from pre-negotiated contracts with institutions that provide for a share of tuition generated from students who enroll in a program. The duration of Education Services contracts are generally multi-year agreements ranging from a period of 7-10 years, with some having optional renewal periods.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education Services includes a single performance obligation for the services provided because of the integrated technology and services our institutional clients need to attract, enroll, educate and support students. Consideration is variable since it is based on the number of students enrolled in a program. We begin to recognize revenue at the start of the delivery of the class within a semester, which is also when the variable consideration contingency is resolved.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Professional Assessment</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our Professional Assessment services include pre-hire screening and post-hire personality assessments, which are delivered to business customers through online digital delivery platforms, either directly or through an authorized distributor network of independent consultants, trainers, and coaches. Professional Assessment services contracts are generally one year.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Professional Assessment includes a performance obligation to stand ready to provide assessments to our distributor&#8217;s customers or to provide assessments direct to a customer. Revenue for Professional Assessments is recognized at the time the product or service is provided or delivered. Consideration is allocated to assessments based on standalone selling prices. In addition, as it relates to Professional Assessments customers' unexercised rights for situations where we have received a nonrefundable payment for a customer to receive a good or service and the customer is not expected to exercise such right, we will recognize such &#8220;breakage&#8221; amounts as revenue in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Corporate Learning</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Corporate Learning business offers online learning and training solutions for global corporations, universities, and small and medium-sized enterprises, which are sold on a subscription or fee basis. Learning formats and modules on topics such as leadership development, value creation, client orientation, change management and corporate strategy are delivered on a cloud-based Learning Management System (&#8220;LMS&#8221;) platform that hosts over 20,000 content assets (videos, digital learning modules, written files, etc.) in 17 languages. Its Mohive offering also provides a collaborative e-learning publishing and program creation system.&#160;Revenue growth is derived from legacy markets, such as France, England, and other European markets, and newer markets, such as the U.S. and Brazil. In addition, content and LMS offerings are continuously refreshed and expanded to serve a wider variety of customer needs. </font>These digital learning solutions are sold directly to corporate customers either direct or through our partners. Corporate Learning contracts are generally multi-year agreements.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The transaction price consists of fixed consideration that is determined at the beginning of each year and received at the same time. Within Corporate Learning there are multiple performance obligations which includes the licenses to learning content and the learning application. 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text-indent: -8.85pt; margin-left: 8.85pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup>(1) </sup>As noted above, prior period amounts have not been adjusted due to adoption of the new revenue standard under the modified retrospective method.</font></div><div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.85pt; margin-left: 8.85pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup><br /></sup></font></div><div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.85pt; margin-left: 8.85pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup>(2) </sup>Due to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, it was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. At April 30, 2018 the sales return reserve was <font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$28.3 million.</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Revenue recognized for the year ended April 30, 2019 relating to the contract liability at April 30, 2018 after the adjustments for the adoption of the new revenue standard on May 1, 2018 was $530.4 million.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Remaining Performance Obligations included in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue)</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations is approximately $518.1 million, which included the sales return reserve of $25.9 million. Excluding the sales return reserve, we expect that approximately $481.5 million will be recognized in the next twelve months with the remaining $10.7 million to be recognized thereafter.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Assets Recognized for the Costs to Fulfill a Contract</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Costs to fulfill a contract are directly related to a contract that will be used to satisfy a performance obligation in the future and are expected to be recovered. These types of costs are incurred in the following revenue streams, (1) <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) and (2) Education Services.</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our assets associated with incremental costs to fulfill a contract were $8.9 million at April 30, 2019 and are included within Other Non-Current Assets on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. We recorded amortization expense of $2.6 million during the year ended April 30, 2019 related to these assets within Cost of Sales on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The costs related to Education Services were previously included in Product Development Assets on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Certain costs related to <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) were previously included in </font>Technology, Property and Equipment, net on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sales and value-added taxes are excluded from revenues. Shipping and handling costs, which are primarily incurred within the Publishing segment, occur before the transfer of control of the related goods. Therefore, in accordance with the new revenue standard, it is not considered a promised service to the customer and would be considered a cost to fulfill our promise to transfer the goods. Costs incurred for third party shipping and handling are primarily reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. We incurred $32.7 million, $33.7 million, and $39.1 million in shipping and handling costs in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 respectively.</div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6874201584">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Acquisitions<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationsAbstract', window );"><strong>Acquisition [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 4 &#8211; Acquisition</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">The Learning House, Inc.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On November 1, 2018, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding stock of The Learning House, Inc. (&#8220;Learning House&#8221;) a diversified education services provider. Headquartered in Louisville, KY, Learning House provides online program management services including graduate and undergraduate programs; short courses, boot camps, and other skills training and credentialing for students and professionals; pathway services for international students<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">;&#160;</font>professional development services for teachers; and learning solutions for corporate clients. The combination of Learning House and Wiley Education Services creates a leading provider of tech-enabled education services for colleges and universities. The results of operations of Learning House are included in our Solutions segment.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The fair value of the consideration transferred was approximately $201.3 million which included $200.7 million of cash and $0.6 million of warrants, inclusive of purchase price adjustments which were finalized in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019. We financed the payment of the cash consideration through borrowings under our revolving credit agreement ("RCA").&#160; The warrants were classified as equity and allow the holder to purchase 400,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $90.00, subject to adjustments. The term of the warrants is three years, expiring on November 1, 2021. The fair value of the warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of the cash consideration transferred, net of $10.3 million of cash acquired was approximately $190.4 million.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The transaction was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. We recorded the preliminary fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date, all of which are included in the Solutions segment. None of the goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes. The allocation of the consideration transferred to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed is preliminary and could be revised as a result of additional information obtained due to the finalization of the third-party valuation report,&#160; tax related matters and contingencies, but such amounts will be finalized within the measurement period, which will not exceed one year from the acquisition date. 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr></table><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Learning House&#8217;s revenue and operating loss included in our Solutions segment results for the year ended April 30, 2019 was $31.5 million and $8.0 million, respectively.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Pro forma financial information related to this acquisition has not been provided as it is not material to our consolidated results of operations.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Atypon Systems, Inc.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On September 30, 2016, we acquired the net assets of Atypon, a Silicon Valley-based publishing-software company, for approximately $121 million in cash, net of cash acquired. 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for a business combination (or series of individually immaterial business combinations) completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. The disclosure may include leverage buyout transactions (as applicable).</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6874147520">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock', window );">Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 5 &#8211; Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">A reconciliation of the shares used in the computation of earnings per share for the years ended April 30 follows:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" style="width: 10.49%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2019</font></div></td><td style="width: 1.4%; 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vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Less:&#160;Unvested restricted shares</font></div></td><td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(48)</font></div></td><td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; 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vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dilutive effect of stock options and other stock awards</font></div></td><td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">648</font></div></td><td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for earnings per share.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2144383<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6886982992">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock', window );">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 6 &#8211; Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by component, net of tax, for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were as follows:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"></font><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Foreign Currency</font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Translation</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Unamortized</font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Retirement Costs</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Interest</font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Rate Swaps</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Balance at April 30, 2016</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(267,920</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(179,405</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(361</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(51,292</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(18,458</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,735</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(67,015</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">53</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,414</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total other comprehensive (loss) income</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(51,292</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(11,097</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,788</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(59,601</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Balance at April 30, 2017</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(319,212</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(190,502</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,427</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(507,287</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(4,979</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,593</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(69,158</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; 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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860839296">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Restructuring and Related Charges<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Restructuring and Related Charges</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 7 &#8211; Restructuring and Related Charges</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we recorded pre-tax restructuring and related charges of $3.1 million, $28.6 million, and $13.4 million, respectively, which are reflected in the Restructuring and Related Charges line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income and described in more detail below:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Restructuring and Reinvestment Program:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Beginning in the year ended April 30, 2013, we initiated a global program (the &#8220;Restructuring and Reinvestment Program&#8221;) to restructure and realign our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. 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border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30, 2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Charges</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">244</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,544</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(15,219</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(216</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,734</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr></table><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The charges above are net of changes in estimates for previously accrued restructuring charges. 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for restructuring and related activities. Description of restructuring activities such as exit and disposal activities, include facts and circumstances leading to the plan, the expected plan completion date, the major types of costs associated with the plan activities, total expected costs, the accrual balance at the end of the period, and the periods over which the remaining accrual will be settled.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 420<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2175745<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860786320">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Inventories<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 8 &#8211; Inventories</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Inventories, net at April 30 were as follows:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Finished Goods</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">39,192</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Inventory Value of Estimated Sales Returns</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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under the caption &#8220;Sales Return Reserves,&#8221; for a discussion of the Inventory Value of Estimated Sales Returns. Finished Goods are net of a reserve for inventory obsolescence of $15.8 million and $18.2 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.</div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for inventory. Includes, but is not limited to, the basis of stating inventory, the method of determining inventory cost, the classes of inventory, and the nature of the cost elements included in inventory.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6874164096">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Product Development Assets<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsTextBlock', window );">Product Development Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 9 &#8211; Product Development Assets</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Product development assets consisted of the following at April 30:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860794912">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Technology, Property and Equipment<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 10 &#8211; Technology, Property and Equipment</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Technology, property and equipment, net consisted of the following at April 30:</div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,878</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">18,340</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Depreciation and Amortization Expense for Technology, Property and Equipment</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">69,418</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6874200544">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Goodwill and Intangible Assets<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Goodwill and Intangible Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 11 &#8211; Goodwill and Intangible Assets</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Goodwill</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill by segment as of April 30:</div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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Therefore, any potential goodwill impairment charge would be dependent upon the estimated fair value of the reporting unit at that time and the outcome of step two of the impairment test. 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">236,427</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,600</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">865,572</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,306,203</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(454,532</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">50,419</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2021</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">48,517</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; 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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860723440">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 12 &#8211; Income Taxes</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The provisions for income taxes for the years ended April 30 were as follows:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Current Provision</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">U.S. &#8211; Federal</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,384</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(2,216</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">912</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">International</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">52,518</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">46,112</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">105,228</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">State and Local</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,536</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">961</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">100</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Current Provision</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,438</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">44,857</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">106,240</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred Provision (Benefit)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">U.S. &#8211; Federal</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">335</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(26,062</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(13,852</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">International</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(7,630</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,420</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(15,330</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">State and Local</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5,454</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">530</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; 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text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Reported As</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deferred&#160;Tax Liabilities</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(143,775</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Net Deferred Tax Liabilities</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(134,548</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr></table><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"></font><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The decrease in net deferred tax liabilities is attributable to a foreign exchange driven decrease in our deferred tax liability primarily related to intangible and fixed assets.&#160; Our increase in deferred tax liabilities relating to our acquisition of Learning House was offset by the amortization of our deferred tax liabilities related to intangibles and fixed assets, primarily from prior acquisitions.&#160; Our increase in deferred tax assets, primarily from foreign and federal tax credits as well as net operating losses, was offset by an increase in our valuation allowance related to those assets. We have concluded that after valuation allowances, it is more likely than not that we will realize substantially all of the net deferred tax assets at April 30, 2019. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we take into account related deferred tax liabilities and estimated future reversals of existing temporary differences, future taxable earnings and tax planning strategies to determine which deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized in the future. Changes to tax laws, statutory tax rates and future taxable earnings can have an impact on our valuation allowances.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A $21.2 million valuation allowance has been provided based on the uncertainty of utilizing the tax benefits related to our deferred tax assets for foreign tax credits, state, and, to a small extent, Federal net operating loss carry forwards. As of April 30, 2019, we have apportioned state net operating loss carryforwards totaling $99 million, with a tax effected value of $6 million net of federal benefits, expiring in various amounts over 1 to 20 years.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On June 18, 2019, U.S. Treasury published certain proposed and temporary regulations which would, among other changes, eliminate the dividend received deduction with respect to certain income recognized by us with respect to the transition tax imposed by the Tax Act.&#160; Although we are still reviewing the regulations, if applied, such regulations would not materially impact our consolidated financial position or results of operations, as the decrease in our foreign tax credit carryforward would most likely be offset by a decrease in our valuation allowance.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Since April 30, 2018, we no longer intend to permanently reinvest earnings outside the U.S. We have a $2.0 million liability related to the estimated taxes that would be incurred upon repatriating certain non-U.S. earnings.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2144680<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6716156608">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Debt and Available Credit Facilities<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt and Available Credit Facilities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Debt and Available Credit Facilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 13 &#8211; Debt and Available Credit Facilities</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, our debt of $478.8 million and $360.0 million, respectively, consisted of amounts due under our revolving credit facilities.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have a revolving credit agreement (&#8220;RCA&#8221;) with a syndicated bank group led by Bank of America. The RCA consists of a $1.1 billion five-year senior revolving credit facility payable March 1, 2021. Under the RCA, which can be drawn in multiple currencies, we have the option of borrowing at the following floating interest rates:&#160; (i) at a rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (&#8220;LIBOR&#8221;) plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.98% to 1.50%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio, as defined, or (ii) for U.S. dollar-denominated loans only, at the lender&#8217;s base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from zero to 0.45%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio.&#160;The lender&#8217;s base rate is defined as the highest of (i) the U.S. federal funds effective rate plus a&#160; 0.50% margin, (ii) the Eurocurrency rate, as defined, plus a 1.00% margin, or (iii) the Bank of America prime lending rate. In addition, we pay a facility fee ranging from 0.15% to 0.25% depending on our consolidated leverage ratio.&#160;We also have the option to request an additional credit limit increase of up to $350 million in minimum increments of $50 million, subject to the approval of the lenders. The RCA contains certain restrictive covenants related to our consolidated leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio, which we were in compliance with as of April 30, 2019 and 2018. Due to the fact that there are no principal payments due until the end of the agreement in the year ended April 30, 2021, we have classified our entire debt obligation as long-term as of April 30, 2019 and 2018.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have other lines of credit aggregating $2.7 million at various interest rates. There were no outstanding borrowings under these credit lines at April 30, 2019 and 2018.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our total available lines of credit as of April 30, 2019, were approximately $1.1 billion, of which approximately $0.6 billion was unused. The weighted average interest rates on total debt outstanding during the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018 were 2.69% and 2.44%, respectively. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the weighted average interest rates for total debt were 2.88% and 2.58%, respectively. Based on estimates of interest rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities, the fair value of our debt approximates its carrying value.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On May 30, 2019, we entered into a credit agreement that amended and restated our existing RCA. <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Note 21, Subsequent Events, for further details.</font></font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2208564<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860721184">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Derivative Instruments and Activities<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Derivative Instruments and Activities</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 14 &#8211; Derivative Instruments and Activities</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">From time-to-time, we enter into forward exchange and interest rate swap contracts as a hedge against foreign currency asset and liability commitments, changes in interest rates, and anticipated transaction exposures, including intercompany purchases. All derivatives are recognized as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value.&#160;Derivatives that are not determined to be effective hedges are adjusted to fair value with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. We do not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest Rate Contracts:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We had $478.8 million of variable rate loans outstanding at April 30, 2019, which approximated fair value.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the interest rate swap agreements we maintained were designated as fully effective cash flow hedges as defined under Accounting Standards Codification 815 &#8220;Derivatives and Hedging&#8221; ("ASC 815"). As a result, there was no impact on our Consolidated Statements of Income from changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps, as they were fully offset by changes in the interest expense on the underlying variable rate debt instruments. Under ASC 815, derivative instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges have changes in their fair value recorded initially within Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. As interest expense is recognized based on the variable rate loan agreements, the corresponding deferred gain or loss on the interest rate swaps is reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Interest Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. It is management&#8217;s intention that the notional amount of interest rate swaps be less than the variable rate loans outstanding during the life of the derivatives.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On April 4, 2016, we entered into a forward starting interest rate swap agreement, which fixed a portion of the variable interest due on a variable rate debt renewal on May 16, 2016. Under the terms of the agreement, we will pay a fixed rate of 0.92% and receive a variable rate of interest based on one-month LIBOR (as defined) from the counterparty which is reset every month for a three-year period starting May 16, 2016, ending May 15, 2019. As of April 30, 2019, the notional amount of the interest rate swap was $350.0 million.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We record the fair value of our interest rate swaps on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs of quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets. The fair value of the interest rate swaps as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, was a deferred gain of $0.5 million and $5.1 million, respectively. Based on the maturity dates of the contracts, the entire deferred gain as of April 30, 2019 was recorded within Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets and as of April 30, 2018, was recorded within Other Non-Current Assets.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The pre-tax (gains) losses that were reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Interest Expense for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were $(4.7) million, $(1.5) million, and $1.1 million, respectively. Based on the amount in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss at April 30, 2019, approximately $0.2 million, net of tax, of unrecognized gains would be reclassified into net income in the next twelve months.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign Currency Contracts:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We may enter into forward exchange contracts to manage our exposure on certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. The forward exchange contracts are marked to market through Foreign Exchange Transaction (Losses) Gains on the Consolidated Statements of Income and carried at their fair value on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities are remeasured at spot rates in effect on the balance sheet date, with the effects of changes in spot rates reported in Foreign Exchange Transaction (Losses) Gains on the Consolidated Statements of Income.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, we did not maintain any open forward contracts. </font>In addition, we did not maintain any open forward contracts during the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As of April 30, 2017, </font>we did not maintain any open forward contracts, but we did have open forward contracts during the year ended April 30, 2017. T<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">here were two open forward exchange contracts with notional amounts of 31 million euros and 274 million pounds sterling to manage foreign currency exposures on intercompany loans. These contracts matured in May 2016 and February 2017, respectively. For the year ended April 30, 2017, the gains recognized on forward contracts were $59.0 million.</font></font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2229140<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6847355248">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitment and Contingencies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 15 &#8211; Commitment and Contingencies</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following schedule shows the composition of net rent expense for operating leases:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Minimum Rental</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">29,066</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; 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width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">248,611</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr></table><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"></font><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Rent expense associated with operating leases that include scheduled rent increases and tenant incentives, such as rent holidays or leasehold improvement allowances, are recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are involved in routine litigation in the ordinary course of our business.&#160;A provision for litigation is accrued when information available to us indicates that it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment may be required to determine both the probability and estimates of loss. When the amount of the loss can only be estimated within a range, the most likely outcome within that range is accrued. If no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount within the range is accrued. When uncertainties exist related to the probable outcome of litigation and/or the amount or range of loss, we do not record a liability, but disclose facts related to the nature of the contingency and possible losses if management considers the information to be material. Reserves for legal defense costs are recognized when incurred. The accruals for loss contingencies and legal costs are reviewed regularly and may be adjusted to reflect updated information on the status of litigation and advice of legal counsel.&#160; In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of all pending litigation as of April 30, 2019, will not have a material effect upon our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6874194928">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Retirement Plans<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Retirement Plans</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 16 &#8211; Retirement Plans</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have retirement plans that cover substantially all employees. The plans generally provide for employee retirement between the ages 60 and 65, and benefits based on length of service and compensation, as defined.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our Board of Directors approved plan amendments that froze the following retirement plans:</font></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Retirement Plan for the Employees of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Canada was frozen effective December 31, 2015;</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Retirement Plan for the Employees of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd., a U.K. plan was frozen effective April 30, 2015 and;</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">&#8226;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">U.S. Employees&#8217; Retirement Plan, Supplemental Benefit Plan, and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, were frozen effective June 30, 2013.</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We maintain the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan for certain officers and senior management which provides for the payment of supplemental retirement benefits after the termination of employment for 10 years or in a lifetime annuity. Under certain circumstances, including a change of control as defined, the payment of such amounts could be accelerated on a present value basis. Future accrued benefits to this plan have been discontinued as noted above.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The components of net pension expense (income) for the defined benefit plans and the weighted average assumptions were as follows:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; 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border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">U.S.</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-U.S.</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Service Cost</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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The investment objective is to ensure that funds are available to meet the plans benefit obligations when they are due. The investment strategy is to invest in high quality and diversified equity and debt securities to achieve our long-term expectation. The plans&#8217; risk management practices provide guidance to the investment managers, including guidelines for asset concentration, credit rating and liquidity.&#160; Asset allocation favors a balanced portfolio, with a global aggregated target allocation of approximately 50% equity securities and 50% fixed income securities and cash.&#160; Due to volatility in the market, the target allocation is not always desirable and asset allocations will fluctuate between acceptable ranges of plus or minus 5%. We regularly review the investment allocations and periodically rebalance investments to the target allocations. We categorize our pension assets into three levels based upon the assumptions (inputs) used to price the assets. 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The retiree health benefit is no longer available for any employee who retires after December 31, 2017. This resulted in a curtailment gain of $2.5 million which was recognized in the Operating and Administrative Expenses line item in our Consolidated Statement of Income in the year ended April 30, 2017. The cost of such benefits is expensed over the years the employee renders service and is not funded in advance. The accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, was $1.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Annual (credits) expenses for these plans for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were $(0.1) million, $(0.1) million and $(0.2) million, respectively.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We have defined contribution savings plans. 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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6874291824">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock', window );">Stock-Based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 17 &#8211; Stock-Based Compensation</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">All equity compensation plans have been approved by shareholders. Under the 2014 Key Employee Stock Plan, (&#8220;the Plan&#8221;), qualified employees are eligible to receive awards that may include stock options, performance-based stock awards, and other restricted stock awards. Under the Plan, a maximum number of 6.5 million shares of our Class A stock may be issued. As of April 30, 2019, there were approximately 4,355,399 securities remaining available for future issuance under the Plan. 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During each three-year period, we adjust compensation expense based upon our best estimate of expected performance. For the years ended April 30, 2015 and prior, restricted performance shares vest 50% on the first and second anniversary date after the award is earned. For the years ended April 30, 2016 and 2017, restricted performance shares vest 50% on June 30 following the end of the three-year performance cycle and 50% on April 30 of the following year. Beginning in the year ended April 30, 2018, restricted performance share units vest 100% on June 30 following the end of the three-year performance cycle.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We may also grant individual restricted unit awards payable in restricted shares of our Class A Common Stock to key employees in connection with their employment. 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Compensation expense for restricted stock awards is measured using the closing market price of our Class A Common Stock at the date of grant. The total grant date value of shares vested during the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $19.6 million, $15.7 million, and $12.1 million, respectively.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">President and CEO New Hire Equity Awards</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On October 17, 2017, we announced Brian A. Napack as the new President and Chief Executive Officer of Wiley effective December 4, 2017 (the "Commencement Date").&#160; Upon the Commencement Date, Mr. Napack also became a member of our Board of Directors (the "Board").&#160; In connection with his appointment, Wiley and Mr. Napack entered into an employment offer letter (the "Employment Agreement").&#160;</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Employment Agreement provides that beginning with the year ended April 30, 2018&#8211;2020 performance cycle, eligibility to participate in annual grants under our Executive Long-Term Incentive Program (ELTIP). Targeted long-term incentive for this cycle is equal to 300% of base salary, or $2.7 million. Sixty percent of the ELTIP value will be delivered in the form of target performance share units and forty percent in restricted share units. The grant date fair value for restricted share units was $59.15 per share and included 20,611 restricted share units, which vest 25% each year starting on April 30, 2018 to April 30, 2021. In addition, there was a performance share unit award with a target of 30,916 units and a grant date fair value of $59.15. The performance metrics are based on cumulative EBITDA for the year ended April 30, 2018-2020 and cumulative normalized free cash flow for the year ended April 30, 2018&#8211;2020.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The awards are described in further detail in Mr. Napack&#8217;s Employment Agreement filed with the SEC as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2017.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In addition, the Employment Agreement provides for a sign-on grant of restricted share units, with a grant value of $4.0 million, converted to shares using our Class A closing stock price as of the Commencement Date, and vesting in two equal installments on the first and second anniversaries of the employment date. The grant date fair value for this award was $59.15 per share and included 67,625 units at the date of grant. Grants are subject to forfeiture in the case of voluntary termination prior to vesting and accelerated vesting in the case of earlier termination of employment without Cause, due to death or Disability or Constructive Discharge, or upon a Change in Control (as such terms are defined in the Employment Agreement).</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The awards are described in further detail in Mr. Napack&#8217;s Employment Agreement filed with the SEC as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2017.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Director Stock Awards:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Under the terms of our 2018 Director Stock Plan (the &#8220;Director Plan&#8221;), each non-employee director, other than the Chairman of the Board, receives an annual award of restricted shares of our Class A Common Stock equal in value to 100% of the annual director stock retainer fee, based on the stock price at the close of the New York Stock Exchange on the date of grant. Such restricted shares will vest on the earliest of (i) the day before the next Annual Meeting following the grant, (ii) the non-employee director&#8217;s death or disability (as determined by the Governance Committee), or (iii) a change in control (as defined in the 2014 Key Employee Stock Plan).&#160;The granted shares may not be sold or transferred during the time the non-employee director remains a director. There were 18,991 restricted shares awarded under the Director Plan for the year ended April 30, 2019, and 19,900, and 20,243 shares awarded under the Director Plan for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6874194928">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract', window );"><strong>Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 18 &#8211; Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Each share of our Class B Common Stock is convertible into one share of Class A Common Stock. The holders of Class A stock are entitled to elect 30% of the entire Board of Directors and the holders of Class B stock are entitled to elect the remainder. On all other matters, each share of Class A stock is entitled to one tenth of one vote and each share of Class B stock is entitled to one vote.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">During the year ended April 30, 2017, our Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase program of four million shares of Class A or B Common Stock. We repurchased in the year ended April 30, 2019 1,191,496 Class A shares at an average price of $50.35 per share. In the year ended April 30, 2018, we repurchased 713,177 shares at an average price of $55.65 per share. In the year ended April 30, 2017, we repurchased 953,188 shares, which included 952,667 Class A shares and 521 Class B shares at an average price of $52.80 per share. 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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860882528">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Segment Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.</p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Supplementary Quarterly Financial Information - Results By Quarter (Unaudited)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationTextBlock', window );">Supplementary Quarterly Financial Information - Results By Quarter (Unaudited)</a></td>
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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.32</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr></table><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup>(1) </sup>In connection with the acquisition of Learning House, we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to &#8220;Change in Accounting Policy&#8221; in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition,&#8221; for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup>(2) </sup>Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, &#8220;Compensation&#8212;Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,&#8221;, we reclassified total net benefits related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Refer to Note 2, &#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards,&#8221; for more information.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup>(3) </sup>The sum of the quarterly earnings per share amounts may not agree to the respective annual amounts due to rounding.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for quarterly financial data. Includes, but is not limited to, tabular presentation of financial information for fiscal quarters, effect of year-end adjustments, and an explanation of matters or transactions that affect comparability of the information.</p></div>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock', window );">Subsequent Events</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Note 21 &#8211; Subsequent Events</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Amended and Restated Credit Agreement:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On May 30, 2019, we entered into a credit agreement that amended and restated our existing RCA. The credit agreement provides for senior unsecured credit facilities comprised of a (i) five-year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount up to $1.25 billion, and (ii) a five-year term loan A facility consisting of $250 million. The agreement contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a financial covenant in the form of a consolidated net leverage ratio and consolidated interest coverage ratio. We incurred approximately $4.0 million of costs related to this agreement.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Acquisitions:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On May 31, 2019, we completed the acquisition of certain assets of Knewton, Inc. (&#8220;Knewton&#8221;), included in our Publishing segment. Knewton is a provider of affordable courseware and adaptive learning technology for an undisclosed amount.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On July 1, 2019, we completed the acquisition of Zyante Inc. ("Zyante"), a leading provider of computer science and STEM education courseware. Under the terms of the agreement, Zyante shareholders received $56 million in cash. Zyante will be included in our Education Publishing segment.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dividend:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">On June 28, 2019, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.34 per share, or approximately $19.2 million, on our Class A and Class B Common Stock.&#160; The dividend is payable on July 24, 2019 to shareholders of record on July 10, 2019.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for significant events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date the financial statements were issued or the date the financial statements were available to be issued. Examples include: the sale of a capital stock issue, purchase of a business, settlement of litigation, catastrophic loss, significant foreign exchange rate changes, loans to insiders or affiliates, and transactions not in the ordinary course of business.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6883555984">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule II-VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfValuationAndQualifyingAccountsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Schedule II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(2) Financial Statement Schedule</div><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><!--Anchor-->Schedule II</font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">JOHN WILEY &amp; SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS</font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">FOR THE YEARS ENDED APRIL 30, 2019, 2018, AND 2017</font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">(Dollars in thousands)</font></div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Description</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,300</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"></font><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><sup>(1)</sup></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Allowance for Sales Returns represents anticipated returns net of a recovery of inventory and royalty costs. The provision is reported as a reduction of gross sales to arrive at revenue and the reserve balance is reported as a reduction of Accounts Receivable, net (in the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017) with a corresponding increase in Inventories, net and a reduction in Accrued Royalties for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Due to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). </font>In prior periods, it was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">. See Note 3, &#8220;Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</font></font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><sup>(2)</sup></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Deductions From Reserves and Other for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 include foreign exchange translation adjustments. Included in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts are accounts written off, less recoveries. Included in Allowance for Inventory Obsolescence are items removed from inventory. Included in Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets are </font>foreign tax credits generated and valuation allowances needed in connection with the Tax Act.</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6866524672">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Basis of Presentation</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Basis of Presentation:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our Consolidated Financial Statements include all of the accounts of the Company and our subsidiaries. We have eliminated all intercompany transactions and balances in consolidation. All amounts are in thousands, except per share amounts, and approximate due to rounding.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Change in Accounting Policy:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection </font>with the acquisition of Learning House (See Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition&#8221;), we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share on the Consolidated Statements of Income.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription', window );">Reclassifications</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Reclassifications:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates', window );">Use of Estimates</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Use of Estimates:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include, among other items, revenue recognition, sales return reserves, allocation of acquisition purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, intangible assets with finite lives and other long-lived assets, and retirement plans.&#160; We review these estimates and assumptions periodically using historical experience and other factors and reflect the effects of any revisions on the Consolidated Financial Statements in the period we determine any revisions to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates, which could affect the reported results.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashAndCashEquivalentsBookOverdraftsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Book Overdrafts</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Book Overdrafts:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Under our cash management system, a book overdraft balance exists for our primary disbursement accounts. This overdraft represents uncleared checks in excess of cash balances in individual bank accounts. Our funds are transferred from other existing bank account balances or from lines of credit as needed to fund checks presented for payment. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, book overdrafts of $7.4 million and $13.1 million, respectively, were included in Accounts Payable on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock', window );">Revenue Recognition</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Revenue Recognition:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Note 3, &#8220;Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of our revenue recognition policy.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Cash and Cash Equivalents:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase and are stated at cost, which approximates market value, because of the short-term maturity of the instruments.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy', window );">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The estimated allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a review of the aging of the accounts receivable balances, historical write-off experience, credit evaluations of customers, and current market conditions. A change in the evaluation of a customer&#8217;s credit could affect the estimated allowance. The allowance for doubtful accounts is shown as a reduction of Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and amounted to $14.3 million and $10.1 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_SalesReturnReservesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Sales Return Reserves</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Sales Return Reserves:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The process that we use to determine our sales returns and the related reserve provision charged against revenue is based on applying an estimated return rate to current year returnable print book sales. This rate is based upon an analysis of actual historical return experience in the various markets and geographic regions in which we do business. We collect, maintain and analyze significant amounts of sales returns data for large volumes of homogeneous transactions. This allows us to make reasonable estimates of the amount of future returns. All available data is utilized to identify the returns by market and to which fiscal year the sales returns apply. This enables management to track the returns in detail and identify and react to trends occurring in the marketplace, with the objective of being able to make the most informed judgments possible in setting reserve rates. Associated with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related increase to inventory and a reduction to accrued royalties as a result of the expected returns. Print book sales return reserves amounted to a net liability balance of $18.5 million and $18.6 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The reserves are reflected in the following accounts of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position &#8211; increase (decrease):</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accounts receivable, net <sup>(1)</sup></font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(28,302</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Inventories, net</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3,739</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,626</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accrued royalties</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,653</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(5,048</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Contract liability (Deferred revenue) <sup>(1)</sup></font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">25,934</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Decrease in Net Assets</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(18,542</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(18,628</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr></table><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup>(1)</sup><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> Due to </font>the adoption of the new revenue standard, See Note 3, <font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue from Contracts with Customers </font>the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, the sales return reserve of $28.3 million was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Inventories:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or market. U.S. book inventories aggregating $21.0 million and $24.0 million at April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, are valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method.&#160;All other inventories are valued using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryImpairmentPolicy', window );">Reserve for Inventory Obsolescence</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Reserve for Inventory Obsolescence</font>:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A reserve for inventory obsolescence is estimated based on a review of damaged, obsolete, or otherwise unsalable inventory. The review encompasses historical unit sales trends by title, current market conditions, including estimates of customer demand compared to the number of units currently on hand, and publication revision cycles. The inventory obsolescence reserve is reported as a reduction of the Inventories, net balance on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and amounted to $15.8 million and $18.2 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Product Development Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Product Development Assets:&#160;</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Product development assets consist of book composition costs and other product development costs. Costs associated with developing a book publication are expensed until the product is determined to be commercially viable. Book composition costs represent the costs incurred to bring an edited commercial manuscript to publication, which include typesetting, proofreading, design, illustration costs, and digital formatting. Book composition costs are capitalized and are generally amortized on a double-declining basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 1 to 3 years. Other product development costs represent the costs incurred in developing software, platforms, and digital content to be sold and licensed to third parties. Other product development costs are capitalized and generally amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. As of April 30, 2019, the weighted average estimated useful life of other product development costs was approximately 5 years.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RoyaltyAdvancePolicyTextBlock', window );">Royalty Advances</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Royalty Advances:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Royalty advances are capitalized and, upon publication, are expensed as royalties earned based on sales of the published works. Royalty advances are reviewed for recoverability and a reserve for loss is maintained, if appropriate.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ShippingAndHandlingCostsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Shipping and Handling Costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Shipping and Handling Costs:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Costs incurred for third party shipping and handling are primarily reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. We incurred $32.7 million, $33.7 million, and $39.1 million in shipping and handling costs in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Advertising Expense</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Advertising Expense:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. We incurred $89.5 million, $68.3 million, and $61.4 million in advertising costs in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, and these costs are included in Cost of Sales and Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Advertising costs of $53.7 million, $38.3 million, and $32.4 million were included in Cost of Sales in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Advertising costs of $35.8 million, $30.0 million, and $29.0 million were included in Operating and Administrative Expenses in the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. </font>Refer to the section above &#8220;Change in Accounting Policy&#8221; for more information regarding the reclassification of certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Technology, Property, and Equipment:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Technology, property, and equipment is recorded at cost. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Technology, property and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method based upon the following estimated useful lives: Computer Software &#8211; 3 to 10 years, Computer Hardware &#8211; 3 to 5 years; Buildings and Leasehold Improvements &#8211; the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset up to 40 years or the duration of the lease; Furniture, Fixtures, and Warehouse Equipment &#8211; 5 to 10 years.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Costs incurred for computer software internally developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized during the application development stage and expensed as incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages. Costs incurred during the application development stage include costs of materials and services and payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with the software project. Such costs are amortized over the expected useful life of the related software, which is generally 3 to 5 years. Costs related to the investment in our Enterprise Resource Planning and related systems are amortized over an expected useful life of 10 years. Maintenance, training, and upgrade costs that do not result in additional functionality are expensed as incurred.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationsPolicy', window );">Allocation of Acquisition Purchase Price to Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Allocation of Acquisition Purchase Price to Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed</font>:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In connection with acquisitions, we allocate the cost of the acquisition to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on the estimates of fair value for such items, including intangible assets and technology acquired. Such estimates include discounted estimated cash flows to be generated by those assets and the expected useful lives based on historical experience and current market trends to be achieved from the acquisition and the expected tax basis of assets acquired. We may use a third-party valuation consultant to assist in the determination of such estimates.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsIndefiniteLivedPolicy', window );">Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate of the following: (1) consideration transferred, (2) the fair value of any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, and (3) if the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition-date fair value of our previously held equity interest in the acquiree over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of brands, trademarks, content, and publishing rights and are typically characterized by intellectual property with a long and well-established revenue stream resulting from strong and well-established imprint/brand recognition in the market.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We use the acquisition method of accounting for all business combinations and do not amortize goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy', window );">Intangible Assets with Finite Lives and Other Long-Lived Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Intangible Assets with Finite Lives and Other Long-Lived Assets:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Finite-lived intangible assets principally consist of brands, trademarks, content and publication rights, customer relationships, and non-compete agreements and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The most significant factors in determining the estimated lives of these intangibles are the history and longevity of the brands, trademarks, and content and publication rights acquired combined with the strength of cash flows.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Intangible assets with finite lives as of April 30, 2019, are amortized on a straight line basis over the following weighted average estimated useful lives: content and publishing rights &#8211; 34 years, customer relationships &#8211; 18 years, brands and trademarks &#8211; 16 years, non-compete agreements &#8211; 3 years.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Assets with finite lives are evaluated for impairment upon a significant change in the operating or macroeconomic environment.&#160;In these circumstances, if an evaluation of the projected undiscounted cash flows indicates impairment, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value based on the discounted future cash flows.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Derivative Financial Instruments</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Derivative Financial Instruments:</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">From time to time, we enter into foreign exchange forward and interest rate swap contracts as a hedge against foreign currency asset and liability commitments, changes in interest rates, and anticipated transaction exposures, including intercompany purchases. All derivatives are recognized as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value.&#160; Derivatives that are not determined to be effective hedges are adjusted to fair value with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. We do not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Foreign Currency Gains/Losses</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Foreign Currency Gains/Losses:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We maintain operations in many non-U.S. locations. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using end-of-period exchange rates and revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using weighted average rates. Our significant investments in non-U.S. businesses are exposed to foreign currency risk. Foreign currency translation adjustments are reported as a separate component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss within Shareholders&#8217; Equity. During the year ended April 30, 2019, we recorded $60.5 million of foreign currency translation losses primarily </font>as a result of the fluctuations of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling and, to a lesser extent, the euro. <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Foreign currency transaction gains or losses are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income as incurred.</font></font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy', window );">Share-Based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Stock-Based Compensation:</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We recognize stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the stock-based awards on the grant date, reduced by an estimate for future forfeited awards.&#160;As such, stock-based compensation expense is only recognized for those awards that are expected to ultimately vest. The fair value of stock-based awards is recognized in net income generally on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The grant date fair value for stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The determination of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model required us to make judgments and estimates, which include the expected life of an option, the expected volatility of our Common Stock over the estimated life of the option, a risk-free interest rate, and the expected dividend yield. Judgment was also required in estimating the amount of stock-based awards that may be forfeited. Stock-based compensation expense associated with performance-based stock awards is based on actual financial results for targets established three years in advance. The cumulative effect on current and prior periods of a change in the estimated number of performance share awards, or estimated forfeiture rate, is recognized as an adjustment to earnings in the period of the revision. If actual results differ significantly from estimates, our stock-based compensation expense and consolidated results of operations could be impacted.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Recently Adopted Accounting Standards</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Recently Adopted Accounting Standards</div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Stock Compensation &#8211; Scope of Modification Accounting</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;) issued Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) 2017-09, &#8220;Compensation&#8212;Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting,&#8221; which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is only required if the fair value, vesting conditions or classification (equity or liability) of the new award are different from the original award immediately before the original award is modified. We adopted ASU 2017-09 on May 1, 2018 and there was no impact to our consolidated financial statements. The new guidance must be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The future impact of ASU 2017-09 will be dependent on the nature of future stock award modifications.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, &#8220;Compensation&#8212;Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.&#8221; The guidance requires that the service cost component of net pension and postretirement benefit costs be reported in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period, while the other components of net benefit costs must be reported separately from the service cost component and below operating income. The guidance also allows only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. We adopted ASU 2017-07 on May 1, 2018. The new guidance must be applied retrospectively for the presentation of net benefit costs in the income statement and prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component of net benefit costs.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The effect of retrospectively adopting this guidance resulted in a reclassification of net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The amount included in Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended April 30, 2019 was a net benefit of $8.8 million. We do not capitalize any service costs.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, &#8220;Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business&#8221;, which clarifies the definition of a business in order to allow for the evaluation of whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or business. We adopted ASU 2017-01 on May 1, 2018 and the adoption had no impact for us in fiscal year 2019. The future impact of ASU 2017-01 will be dependent upon the nature of future acquisitions or dispositions made by us.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, &#8220;Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.&#8221; ASU 2016-18 requires that entities include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents in the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the Statement of Cash Flows. We adopted ASU 2016-18 on May 1, 2018. Retrospective transition method is to be applied to each period presented. As a result of this retrospective adoption, the reclassification of restricted cash into a change in total cash resulted in a reduction in Cash Provided By Operating Activities of $0.5 million for the year ended April 30, 2018. There was no impact for the year ended April 30, 2017.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.</font></div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; 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font-size: 10pt;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">Income taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, &#8220;Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory&#8221;, which simplifies the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Current U.S. GAAP prohibits the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party. The new guidance states that an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Consequently, the amendments in this Standard eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. We adopted ASU 2016-16 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, &#8220;Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,&#8221; which provides clarification on classifying a variety of activities within the Statement of Cash Flows. We adopted ASU 2016-15 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have a material impact to our consolidated statements of cash flows.</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, &#8220;Financial Instruments&#8212;Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.&#8221; Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, &#8220;Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments-Overall.&#8221;&#160; ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments except those under the equity method of accounting to be measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognized in net income. The amendment simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. In addition, it also requires enhanced disclosures about investments. We adopted ASU 2016-01 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016- 01 did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue from Contracts with Customers</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," (Topic 606) which superseded most existing revenue recognition guidance. We adopted ASU 2014-09 on May 1, 2018. The standard allows for either "full retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all periods presented, or "modified retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) &#8211; Principal versus Agent Considerations", ASU 2016-10, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) &#8211; Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing", ASU 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) &#8211; Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients", and ASU 2016-20, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which provide clarification and additional guidance related to ASU 2014-09. We also adopted ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12, and ASU 2016-20 with ASU 2014-09 (collectively, the &#8220;new revenue standard&#8221;) on May 1, 2018.</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We utilized a comprehensive approach to assess the impact of the new revenue standard on our contract portfolio by reviewing our current accounting policies and practices to identify differences that would result from applying the new revenue standard to our revenue contracts. 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width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,834,057</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,503</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,838,560</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr></table><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Recently Issued Accounting Standards</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Recently Issued Accounting Standards</div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software: Customer&#8217;s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, &#8220;Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer&#8217;s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract.&#8221; ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, &#8220;Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.&#8221; ASU 2018-14 removes certain disclosures that are not considered cost beneficial, clarifies certain required disclosures and added additional disclosures. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in ASU 2018-14 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis.&#160; We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, &#8220;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.&#8221; ASU 2018-13 removes certain disclosures, modifies certain disclosures and added additional disclosures. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Certain disclosures in ASU 2018-13 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 &#8220;Income Statement&#8212;Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,&#8221; which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2019, and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. We adopted ASU 2018-02 on May 1, 2019. We did not elect to reclassify the income tax effects from comprehensive income to retained earnings for the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Our policy for releasing the income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income is when the corresponding pretax accumulated other comprehensive income items are reclassified to earnings.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, &#8220;Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities,&#8221; to simplify and improve the application and financial reporting of hedge accounting. Subsequently, in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, &#8220;Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes&#8221;.&#160; In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, &#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#8212;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments.&#8221; ASU 2017-12&#160;eases the requirements for measuring and reporting hedge ineffectiveness and clarifies that changes in the fair value of hedging instruments for cash flow, net investment, and fair value hedges should be reflected in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. The guidance also permits entities to designate specific components in cash flow and interest rate hedges as the hedged risk, instead of using total cash flows. ASU 2018-16 allows the use of the OIS rate based on the SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. These ASUs are effective for us on May 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We adopted ASU 2017-12, 2018-16 and 2019-04, for those portions related to ASU 2017-02, on May 1, 2019 and there was no impact to our consolidated financial statements at the date of adoption. The future impact will depend upon any future hedging activities we may enter into.</font></font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, &#8220;Intangibles&#8211;Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): &#8220;Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment&#8221;, which simplifies the measurement of a potential goodwill impairment charge by eliminating the requirement to calculate an implied fair value of the goodwill based on the fair value of a reporting unit&#8217;s other assets and liabilities. The new guidance eliminates the implied fair value method and instead measures a potential impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit&#8217;s carrying value compared to its fair value. The impairment charge cannot exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Based on our most recent annual goodwill impairment test completed in the year ended April 30, 2019, we expect no initial impact on adoption.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, &#8220;Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.&#8221; Subsequently, in May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019</font>-05 - "Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8221;, in April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, &#8220;</font>Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">,&#8221; and in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, &#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses&#8221;.&#160; ASU 2016-13 requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for most financial assets held at the reporting date based on an expected loss model which includes historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Entities will now use forward-looking information to better form their credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 also requires enhanced disclosures to help financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity&#8217;s portfolio. ASU 2016-13, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2018-19 are effective for us on May 1, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.</font></font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Leases</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)&#8221;. Subsequently, the FASB issued in March 2019, ASU 2019-01, &#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements&#8221;, in December 2018 ASU 2018-20, &#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors&#8221;,&#160;and in July 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, &#8220;Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements&#8221; and ASU 2018-10, &#8220;Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases&#8221;.&#160; ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset (&#8220;ROU&#8221;) and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months and provide enhanced disclosures. Recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses will depend on classification as a finance or operating lease. Similar modifications have been made to lessor accounting in-line with revenue recognition guidance.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. We expect to elect the practical expedients to forgo a reassessment of (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) initial direct costs.&#160; We do not expect to elect the practical expedient allowing the use-of-hindsight which would require us to reassess the lease term of our leases based on all facts and circumstances through the effective date.&#160; In addition, we do not expect to elect the practical expedient pertaining to land easements.</font></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In addition, the new standard provides as a practical expedient, certain policy elections for ongoing lease accounting to (i) not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component if certain conditions are met, and (ii) not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases that qualify as short-term. If the short-term recognition exemption is elected, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases in transition. We expect to elect these policy elections.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. A company may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as of its date of initial application. We adopted the new standard on May 1, 2019 and used the effective date as the date of initial application. Accordingly, previously reported financial information will not be updated, and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before May 1, 2019.&#160; We expect to recognize operating lease liabilities ranging from approximately $175 to $185 million based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments for existing operating leases and ROU assets ranging from approximately $135 to $145 million on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Additionally, we are in the process of implementing a lease accounting system for our leases, including the conversion of our existing lease data to a new system and implementing relevant internal controls and procedures.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Note 15, &#8220;Commitment and Contingencies,&#8221; of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of our operating leases and future commitments.</font></div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div></div><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents with respect to negative balance accounts (overdrafts).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the treatment of costs associated with developing a publication.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to recently adopted accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the treatment of royalty advances.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for sales return reserves.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the classification of shipping and handling costs, including whether the costs are included in cost of sales or included in other income statement accounts.</p></div>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for advertising costs. For those costs that cannot be capitalized, discloses whether such costs are expensed as incurred or the first period in which the advertising takes place. For direct response advertising costs that are capitalized, describes those assets and the accounting policy used, including a description of the qualifying activity, the types of costs capitalized and the related amortization period. An entity also may disclose its accounting policy for cooperative advertising arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159346&amp;loc=d3e8275-108329<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68054294&amp;loc=d3e8384-108330<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for basis of accounting, or basis of presentation, used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationsPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for completed business combinations (purchase method, acquisition method or combination of entities under common control). This accounting policy may include a general discussion of the purchase method or acquisition method of accounting (including for example, the treatment accorded contingent consideration, the identification of assets and liabilities, the purchase price allocation process, how the fair values of acquired assets and liabilities are determined) and the entity's specific application thereof. An entity that acquires another entity in a leveraged buyout transaction generally discloses the accounting policy followed by the acquiring entity in determining the basis used to value its interest in the acquired entity, and the rationale for that accounting policy.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)-(d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6909625&amp;loc=d3e227-128457<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationsPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents, including the policy for determining which items are treated as cash equivalents. Other information that may be disclosed includes (1) the nature of any restrictions on the entity's use of its cash and cash equivalents, (2) whether the entity's cash and cash equivalents are insured or expose the entity to credit risk, (3) the classification of any negative balance accounts (overdrafts), and (4) the carrying basis of cash equivalents (for example, at cost) and whether the carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4273-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 305<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6375392&amp;loc=d3e26790-107797<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for its derivative instruments and hedging activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109980867&amp;loc=d3e41620-113959<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109980867&amp;loc=d3e41638-113959<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109980867&amp;loc=SL5579245-113959<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109980867&amp;loc=d3e41675-113959<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(n))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109980867&amp;loc=SL5579240-113959<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for (1) transactions denominated in a currency other than the reporting enterprise's functional currency, (2) translating foreign currency financial statements that are incorporated into the financial statements of the reporting enterprise by consolidation, combination, or the equity method of accounting, and (3) remeasurement of the financial statements of a foreign reporting enterprise in a hyperinflationary economy.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450520&amp;loc=d3e32583-110901<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450222&amp;loc=d3e30840-110895<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsIndefiniteLivedPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for indefinite-lived intangible assets (that is, those intangible assets not subject to amortization). This accounting policy also may address how the entity assesses whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life and how the entity assesses and measures impairment of such assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsIntangibleAssetsIndefiniteLivedPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for finite-lived intangible assets. This accounting policy also might address: (1) the amortization method used; (2) the useful lives of such assets; and (3) how the entity assesses and measures impairment of such assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryImpairmentPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for recognizing inventory losses, including, but not limited to, substantial and unusual losses resulting from the subsequent measurement of inventory due to physical deterioration, obsolescence, or changes in price levels.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryImpairmentPolicy</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of inventory accounting policy for inventory classes, including, but not limited to, basis for determining inventory amounts, methods by which amounts are added and removed from inventory classes, loss recognition on impairment of inventories, and situations in which inventories are stated above cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66092785&amp;loc=d3e4556-108314<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6361739&amp;loc=d3e7789-107766<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109236672&amp;loc=d3e543-108305<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66092785&amp;loc=d3e4492-108314<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.6(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for reclassifications that affects the comparability of the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6359566&amp;loc=d3e326-107755<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for long-lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, basis of assets, depreciation and depletion methods used, including composite deprecation, estimated useful lives, capitalization policy, accounting treatment for costs incurred for repairs and maintenance, capitalized interest and the method it is calculated, disposals and impairments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.13(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue recognition. If the entity has different policies for different types of revenue transactions, the policy for each material type of transaction is generally disclosed. If a sales transaction has multiple element arrangements (for example, delivery of multiple products, services or the rights to use assets) the disclosure may indicate the accounting policy for each unit of accounting as well as how units of accounting are determined and valued. The disclosure may encompass important judgment as to appropriateness of principles related to recognition of revenue. The disclosure also may indicate the entity's treatment of any unearned or deferred revenue that arises from the transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18726-107790<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18823-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for stock option and stock incentive plans. This disclosure may include (1) the types of stock option or incentive plans sponsored by the entity (2) the groups that participate in (or are covered by) each plan (3) significant plan provisions and (4) how stock compensation is measured, and the methodologies and significant assumptions used to determine that measurement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b),(f)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for trade and other accounts receivables. This disclosure may include the basis at which such receivables are carried in the entity's statements of financial position (for example, net realizable value), how the entity determines the level of its allowance for doubtful accounts, when impairments, charge-offs or recoveries are recognized, and the entity's income recognition policies for such receivables, including its treatment of related fees and costs, its treatment of premiums, discounts or unearned income, when accrual of interest is discontinued, how the entity records payments received on nonaccrual receivables and its policy for resuming accrual of interest on such receivables.  If the enterprise holds a large number of similar loans, disclosure may include the accounting policy for the anticipation of prepayments and significant assumptions underlying prepayment estimates for amortization of premiums, discounts, and nonrefundable fees and costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84173941&amp;loc=d3e5212-111524<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84173941&amp;loc=SL6953423-111524<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(5))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84173941&amp;loc=d3e5093-111524<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(9))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159169&amp;loc=d3e10133-111534<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6191-108592<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6161-108592<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6143-108592<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e5967-108592<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6061-108592<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e6132-108592<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393423&amp;loc=d3e5967-108592<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860648016">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock', window );">Revenue from Contract with Customer</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Description of Revenue Generating Activities</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We generate our revenues from sales from our three reportable segments. We report our segment information in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 280, &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221; (&#8220;FASB ASC Topic 280&#8221;).&#160;Our segment reporting structure consists of three reportable segments, which are listed below, and a Corporate category:</font></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research,</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing, and</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions.</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research Segment</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Included within the Research segment are the following revenue streams:</font></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Journal Subscriptions,</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Open Access,</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other, and</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon).</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Journal Subscriptions</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We publish approximately 1,700 academic research journals. We sell journal subscriptions</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">directly through our sales representatives, indirectly through independent subscription agents, through promotional campaigns, and through memberships in professional societies for those journals that are sponsored by societies. Journal subscriptions are primarily licensed through contracts for digital content available online through </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Wiley Online Library</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">, which we migrated to our </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Literatum </font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">platform, acquired as part of our purchase of Atypon Systems, Inc. (</font>&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Atypon</font>&#8221;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">) in March 2018. Contracts are negotiated by us directly with customers or their subscription agents. Subscription periods typically cover calendar years. Print journals are generally mailed to subscribers directly from independent printers.&#160;We do not own or manage printing facilities.&#160;Subscription revenue is generally collected in advance.</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In a </font>typical journal subscription sale, there is a written agreement between us and our customer that cover multiple years.&#160; However, we typically account for these agreements as one-year contracts because our enforceable rights under the agreements are subject to an annual confirmation and negotiation process with the customer.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In journal subscriptions, multiple performance obligations exist, which include a stand-ready promise to provide access to new content for one year and a perpetual license for access to historical journal content. The transaction price consists of fixed consideration.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We allocate revenue to the stand-ready promise to provide access to new content for one year based on its standalone selling price and the revenue for new content is recognized over time as we have a continuous stand-ready obligation to provide the right of access to additional intellectual property. The allocation of revenue to the perpetual licenses for access to historical journal content is done using the expected cost plus a margin approach as permitted by the new revenue standard. Revenue is recognized at the point in time when access to historical content is initially granted.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Open Access</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Under the Author-Funded Access business model, accepted research articles are published subject to payment of Article Publication Charges (&#8220;APCs&#8221;). All Author-Funded articles are immediately free to access online. Contributors of Author-Funded Access articles retain many rights and typically license their work under terms that permit re-use. Author-Funded Access offers authors choices in how to share and disseminate their work, and it serves the needs of researchers who may be required by their research funder to make articles freely accessible without embargo. APCs are typically paid by the individual author or by the author&#8217;s funder, and payments are often mediated by the author&#8217;s institution. We provide specific workflows and infrastructure to authors, funders and institutions to support the requirements of the Author-Funded Access model.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Customers in open access are typically individual educational institutions or a consortium of universities. Under the Author-Funded Access model, we have a signed contract with the customer that contains enforceable rights.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Author-Funded Access model in a typical model includes an over-time single performance obligation that combines a promise to host the customer&#8217;s content on our open access platform, and a promise to provide a discount on APCs of eligible users (as defined in the contract) in exchange for an upfront payment. Enforceable right to payment occurs over time as we fulfill our obligation to provide a discount to eligible users, as defined, on future APCs. Therefore, the upfront payment is deferred and recognized over time.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In January 2019, Wiley announced a new contractual arrangement in support of Open Access, a countrywide partnership agreement with Projekt DEAL, a representative of nearly 700 academic institutions in Germany. This transformative three-year agreement provides all Projekt DEAL institutions with access to read Wiley&#8217;s academic journals back to the year 1997, and researchers at Projekt DEAL institutions can publish articles open access in Wiley&#8217;s journals. The partnership will better support institutions and researchers in advancing open science, driving discovery, and developing and disseminating knowledge. We are compensated primarily through a fee per article published.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other includes advertising, backfile sales, the licensing of publishing rights, journal and article reprints, and individual article sales.&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A backfile</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">license provides access to a historical collection of Wiley journals, generally for a one-time fee.&#160;</font></font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Within Licensing, the revenue derived from these contracts is primarily comprised of advance payments, including minimum guarantees and sales- or usage-based royalty agreements. For our sales-or usage-based royalty agreements, we recognize revenue in the period of usage based on the amounts earned. We record revenue under these arrangements for the amounts due and not yet reported to us based on estimates of the sales or usage of these customers and pursuant to the terms of the contracts. We also have certain licenses whereby we receive a non-refundable minimum guarantee against a volume-based royalty throughout the term of the agreement. We recognize revenue for the minimum guarantee on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement because of the stand-ready promise to provide updates during the subscription period. We recognize volume-based royalty income only when cumulative consideration exceeds the minimum guarantee.</font></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"></font><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Reprints contracts generally contain a single performance obligation which is the delivery of printed articles. Revenue is recognized at the time of delivery of the printed articles.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For Backfiles, the performance obligation is the granting of a functional intellectual property license. Revenue is recognized at the time the functional intellectual property license is granted.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Other includes our Article Select offering, whereby we have a single performance obligation to our customers to give access to an article through the purchase of a token. The customer redeems the token for access to the article for a 24-hour period. The customer purchases the tokens with an upfront cash payment. Revenue is recognized when access to the article is provided.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon)</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Atypon is a publishing software and service provider that enables scholarly and professional societies and publishers to deliver, host, enhance, market, and manage their content on the web through the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Literatum</font> platform.&#160;The duration of these contracts is generally multi-year ranging from 2-5 years. Atypon contracts typically include a single performance obligation for the implementation and hosting subscription services. The transaction price is fixed which may include price escalators that are fixed increases per year, and therefore, revenue is recognized upon the initiation of the subscription period and straight-lined over the contract period.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Publishing Segment</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Included within the Publishing segment are the following revenue streams:</font></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) and Professional Publishing,</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education Publishing,</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Courseware (WileyPLUS),</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Test Preparation and Certification, and</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other.</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) and Professional Publishing and Education Publishing</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">STM books are sold and distributed globally in digital and print formats through multiple channels, including research libraries and library consortia, independent subscription agents, direct sales to professional society members, bookstores, online booksellers, and other customers.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Professional books, which include business and finance, technology, and other professional categories, as well as the <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">For Dummies </font>brand, are sold to bookstores and online booksellers serving the general public, wholesalers who supply such bookstores, warehouse clubs, college bookstores, individual practitioners, industrial organizations and government agencies. We employ sales representatives who call upon independent bookstores, national and regional chain bookstores, and wholesalers. Sales of professional books also result from direct mail campaigns, telemarketing, online access, advertising, and reviews in periodicals.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education textbooks and related supplementary material and digital products are sold primarily to bookstores and online booksellers serving both for-profit and nonprofit educational institutions (primarily colleges and universities), and direct-to-students. We employ sales representatives who call on faculty responsible for selecting books to be used in courses, and on the bookstores that serve such institutions and their students. The textbook business is seasonal, with the majority of textbook sales occurring during the July-through-October and December-through-January periods. Book sales for STM, Professional and Education Publishing are generally made on a returnable basis with certain restrictions.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our performance obligations as it relates to STM, Professional and Education Publishing are primarily book products delivered in both print and digital form which could include a single or multiple performance obligations based on the number of International Standard Book Number (&#8220;ISBN&#8217;s&#8221;) purchased.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This revenue stream also includes variable consideration as it relates to discounts and returns for both print and digital books.&#160; Discounts are identifiable by performance obligation and therefore are applied at the point of sale by performance obligation. The process that we use to determine our sales returns and the related reserve provision charged against revenue is based on applying an estimated return rate to current year returnable print book sales. This rate is based upon an analysis of actual historical return experience in the various markets and geographic regions in which we do business. We collect, maintain and analyze significant amounts of sales returns data for large volumes of homogeneous transactions. This allows us to make reasonable estimates of the amount of future returns. All available data is utilized to identify the returns by market and to which fiscal year the sales returns apply. This enables management to track the returns in detail and identify and react to trends occurring in the marketplace, with the objective of being able to make the most informed judgments possible in setting reserve rates. Associated with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related reduction in inventory and royalty costs as a result of the expected returns.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As it relates to print and digital books within the STM, Professional and Education Publishing, revenue is recognized at the point when control of product transfers, which for print is upon shipment or for digital when fulfillment of the products has been rendered.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Courseware (WileyPLUS)</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We offer high-quality online learning solutions, including WileyPLUS, a research-based, online environment for effective teaching and learning that is integrated with a complete digital textbook. Courseware customers purchase access codes to utilize the product.&#160; This could include a single or multiple performance obligations based on the number of course ISBN&#8217;s purchased. Revenue is recognized when the access codes are activated and then over the applicable semester term such product relates to.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Test Preparation and Certification</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Test Preparation and Certification business represents learning solutions, training activities and print and digital formats that are delivered to customers directly through online digital delivery platforms, bookstores, online booksellers, and other customers.&#160;Products include CPAExcel, a modular, digital platform comprised of online self-study, videos, mobile apps, and sophisticated planning tools to help professionals prepare for the CPA exam, and test preparation products for the CFA&#174;, CMA, CIA&#174;, CMT&#174;, FRN&#174;, FINRA, Banking, and PMP&#174; exams.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Test Preparation and Certification contracts are generally three-year agreements. This revenue stream includes multiple performance obligations as it relates to the on-line and printed course materials, including such items as text books, e-books, video lectures, flashcards, study guides and test banks. The transaction price is fixed; however, discounts are offered and returns of certain products are allowed. We allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price.&#160; Depending on the performance obligation, revenue is recognized at the time the product is delivered and control has passed to the customer or over time due to our stand-ready obligation to provide updates to the customer.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Licensing and distribution services are made available to other publishers under agency arrangements. We also engage in co-publishing titles with international publishers and receive licensing revenue from photocopies, reproductions, translations, and digital uses of our content. Wiley also realizes advertising revenue from branded Web sites (e.g., Dummies.com, etc.) and online applications. Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other contracts are generally multi-year agreements.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Revenue derived from our licensing contracts is primarily comprised of advance payments and sales- or usage-based royalties. Revenue for advance payments is recognized at the point in time that the functional intellectual property license is granted. For sales- or usage- based royalties, we record revenue under these arrangements for the amounts due and not yet reported to us based on estimates of the sales or usage of these customers and pursuant to the terms of the contracts.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions Segment</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Included within the Solutions segment are the following revenue streams:</font></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education Services,</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Professional Assessment, and</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt;"></td><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#9679;</font></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate Learning.</font></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Education Services</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">As student demand for online degree and certificate programs continues to increase, traditional institutions are partnering with o<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">nline program management </font>providers to develop and support these programs. Education Services include market research, marketing, student recruitment, enrollment support, proactive retention support, academic services to design courses, faculty support, and access to the Engage Learning Management System, which facilitates the online education experience. Revenue is derived from pre-negotiated contracts with institutions that provide for a share of tuition generated from students who enroll in a program. The duration of Education Services contracts are generally multi-year agreements ranging from a period of 7-10 years, with some having optional renewal periods.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Education Services includes a single performance obligation for the services provided because of the integrated technology and services our institutional clients need to attract, enroll, educate and support students. Consideration is variable since it is based on the number of students enrolled in a program. We begin to recognize revenue at the start of the delivery of the class within a semester, which is also when the variable consideration contingency is resolved.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Professional Assessment</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Our Professional Assessment services include pre-hire screening and post-hire personality assessments, which are delivered to business customers through online digital delivery platforms, either directly or through an authorized distributor network of independent consultants, trainers, and coaches. Professional Assessment services contracts are generally one year.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Professional Assessment includes a performance obligation to stand ready to provide assessments to our distributor&#8217;s customers or to provide assessments direct to a customer. Revenue for Professional Assessments is recognized at the time the product or service is provided or delivered. Consideration is allocated to assessments based on standalone selling prices. In addition, as it relates to Professional Assessments customers' unexercised rights for situations where we have received a nonrefundable payment for a customer to receive a good or service and the customer is not expected to exercise such right, we will recognize such &#8220;breakage&#8221; amounts as revenue in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">Corporate Learning</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Corporate Learning business offers online learning and training solutions for global corporations, universities, and small and medium-sized enterprises, which are sold on a subscription or fee basis. Learning formats and modules on topics such as leadership development, value creation, client orientation, change management and corporate strategy are delivered on a cloud-based Learning Management System (&#8220;LMS&#8221;) platform that hosts over 20,000 content assets (videos, digital learning modules, written files, etc.) in 17 languages. Its Mohive offering also provides a collaborative e-learning publishing and program creation system.&#160;Revenue growth is derived from legacy markets, such as France, England, and other European markets, and newer markets, such as the U.S. and Brazil. In addition, content and LMS offerings are continuously refreshed and expanded to serve a wider variety of customer needs. </font>These digital learning solutions are sold directly to corporate customers either direct or through our partners. Corporate Learning contracts are generally multi-year agreements.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The transaction price consists of fixed consideration that is determined at the beginning of each year and received at the same time. Within Corporate Learning there are multiple performance obligations which includes the licenses to learning content and the learning application. Revenue is recognized over time as we have a continuous obligation to provide the right of access to the intellectual property which includes the licenses and learning applications.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Accounts Receivable, net and Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) Balances</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">When consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract, a contract liability is recorded. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when, or as, control of the products or services are transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.</font></div></div><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6835532352">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_NetSalesReturnReservesByBalanceSheetAccountTableTextBlock', window );">Net Sales Return Reserves by Balance Sheet Account</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The reserves are reflected in the following accounts of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position &#8211; increase (decrease):</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; 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text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 76%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Decrease in Net Assets</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(18,542</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(18,628</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock', window );">Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF;">The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.</font></div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">92,890</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">169,773</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">658</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">484</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">93,548</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">170,257</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">58,516</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">363,806</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr></table><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementEarlyAdoptionTableTextBlock', window );">Cumulative Effect of Changes Made to Consolidated Balance Sheet As a Result of Adoption of New Revenue Standard</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The impact of the adoption of the new revenue standard was not material to our Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended April 30, 2019; therefore, we have omitted the disclosure that summarizes the effect of the revenue recognition standard by line item on our Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact to the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position was also not material by line item, except for the reclassification of the sales return reserve provision to contract liability from accounts receivable, net. </font>The cumulative effect of the changes made to our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at May 1, 2018 as a result of adoption of the new revenue standard using the modified retrospective method were as follows:</div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30, 2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Adjustments due to Adoption</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">May 1, 2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Assets</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 17.75pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accounts receivable, net</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">212,377</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">93,349</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6717010224">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock', window );">Revenue from Contracts With Customers Disaggregated by Segment and Product Type</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following tables present our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017:</div><div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><br /></div></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="46" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Years Ended April 30,</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Research</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Publishing</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Solutions</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Publishing</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Solutions</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Research</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; 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vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">60,086</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,800,069</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">934,395</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">617,648</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 4%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,796,103</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock', window );">Contract Asset and Liability Balances</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.</div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30, 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860830224">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Acquisition (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock', window );">Consideration Transferred and Preliminary Allocation of Purchase Price</a></td>
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</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAcquiredAsPartOfBusinessCombinationTextBlock', window );">Intangible Assets Acquired and Weighted-Average Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table summarizes the identifiable intangible assets acquired and their weighted-average useful life at the date of acquisition.</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Estimated</font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of a material business combination completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. This table  does not include leveraged buyouts.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of finite-lived intangible assets acquired as part of a business combination or through an asset purchase, by major class and in total, including the value of the asset acquired, any significant residual value (the expected value of the asset at the end of its useful life) and the weighted-average amortization period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16265-109275<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6874224160">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfWeightedAverageNumberOfSharesTableTextBlock', window );">Reconciliation of Shares used in Computation of Earnings Per Share</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">A reconciliation of the shares used in the computation of earnings per share for the years ended April 30 follows:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" style="width: 10.49%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2019</font></div></td><td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" style="width: 10.05%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div></td><td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" style="width: 11.32%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Weighted average shares outstanding</font></div></td><td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,240</font></div></td><td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(48)</font></div></td><td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(138)</font></div></td><td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(194)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Shares used for basic earnings per share</font></div></td><td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,192</font></div></td><td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,043</font></div></td><td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,337</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dilutive effect of stock options and other stock awards</font></div></td><td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">648</font></div></td><td style="width: 1.4%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1.39%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 8.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">845</font></div></td><td style="width: 1.31%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1.36%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9.96%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">862</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 65.43%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Shares used for diluted earnings per share</font></div></td><td style="width: 2.19%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 8.3%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">57,840</font></div></td><td style="width: 1.4%; 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the weighted average number of shares used in calculating basic net earnings per share (or unit) and diluted earnings per share (or unit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6886982992">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxAbstract', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock', window );">Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by Component, Net of Tax</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by component, net of tax, for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were as follows:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"></font><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Foreign Currency</font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; 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border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Interest</font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Rate Swaps</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Balance at April 30, 2016</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(267,920</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(4,714</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(323</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total other comprehensive loss</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,593</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(69,158</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(312,107</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(196,057</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(574</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6835964768">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Restructuring and Related Charges (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTextBlock', window );">Pre-tax Restructuring (Credits) Charges</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following tables summarize the pre-tax restructuring charges related to this program:</div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringReserveByTypeOfCostTextBlock', window );">Activity for Restructuring and Reinvestment Program Liability</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table summarizes the activity for the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability for the year ended April 30, 2019:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">April 30, 2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(216</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">7,734</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6874295264">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Inventories (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6861614400">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Product Development Assets (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Product Development Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Product Development Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Product development assets consisted of the following at April 30:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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width: 76%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Software Costs</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">38,048</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">78,814</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr></table><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the amounts paid in advance for capitalized costs that will be expensed with the passage of time or the occurrence of a triggering event, and will be charged against earnings within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer; the aggregate carrying amount of current assets, not separately presented elsewhere in the balance sheet; and other deferred costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860727664">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Technology, Property and Equipment (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Technology, Property and Equipment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Technology, property and equipment, net consisted of the following at April 30:</div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(344,261</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 76%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Capitalized Software Amortization Expense</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">50,095</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6603490384">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfGoodwillTextBlock', window );">Activity in Goodwill by Segment</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill by segment as of April 30:</div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2018 <sup>(1)</sup></font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1)</font></div></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The April 30, 2018 goodwill balances were revised for the Publishing segment which decreased and the Solutions segment which increased to reflect foreign translation adjustments of $11.6 million.</font></div></td></tr></table></div><div><br /></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(2)</font></div></td><td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Refer to Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition,&#8221; in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018.</font></div></td></tr></table></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock', window );">Intangible Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Intangibles</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Intangible assets, net as of April 30 were as follows:</font></div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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width: 20%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Content and Publishing Rights</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">86,223</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">86,223</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">94,238</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">94,238</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 20%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">220,732</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,600</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">217,132</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">236,427</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,600</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">232,827</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 20%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Intangible Assets, Net</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,372,820</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(503,648</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,600</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">865,572</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,306,203</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(454,532</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(3,600</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">848,071</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr></table><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup>(1)</sup> As of April 30, 2019, amounts include intangible assets acquired as part of the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018. Refer to Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition,&#8221; in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleofFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseTableTextBlock', window );">Future Amortization Expense</a></td>
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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">427,155</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the carrying value of intangible assets, excluding goodwill, in total and by major class. A major class is composed of intangible assets that can be grouped together because they are similar, either by their nature or by their use in the operations of the company.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of goodwill by reportable segment and in total which includes a rollforward schedule.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6861271120">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The provisions for income taxes for the years ended April 30 were as follows:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(13,852</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">International</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(15,330</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">530</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">415</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 16.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Deferred (Benefit) Provision</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(23,112</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(28,767</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock', window );">International and United States Pretax Income</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">International and United States pretax income for the years ended April 30 were as follows:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; 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background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">213,931</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock', window );">Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Our effective income tax rate as a percentage of pretax income differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate as shown below:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2019</font></div></td><td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">30.4%</font></div></td><td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">35.0%</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 68.55%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">German Tax Litigation Expense</font></div></td><td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 7.98%; 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vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Tax Credits and Related Benefits</font></div></td><td style="width: 9.66%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(0.8)</font></div></td><td style="width: 2.08%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 7.98%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(1.7)</font></div></td><td style="width: 2.03%; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9.7%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SummaryOfIncomeTaxContingenciesTextBlock', window );">Unrecognized Tax Benefits</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">A reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits included within the Other Long-Term Liabilities line item on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position follows:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">We believe that it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the net deferred tax assets. 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860726656">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitment and Contingencies (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following schedule shows the composition of net rent expense for operating leases:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">31,451</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; 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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock', window );">Estimated Future Minimum Annual Rental Commitments under Non-cancelable Real and Personal Property Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">At April 30, 2019, estimated future minimum annual rental commitments under non-cancelable real and personal property leases, were as follows:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fiscal Year</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">129,382</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of future minimum payments required in the aggregate and for each of the five succeeding fiscal years for operating leases having initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year and the total minimum rentals to be received in the future under noncancelable subleases as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of rental expense from operating leases for each period for which an income statement is presented with separate amounts for minimum rentals, contingent rentals, and sublease rentals.  Rental payments under leases with terms of a month or less that were not renewed need not be included.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860800096">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Retirement Plans (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionExpenseForDefinedBenefitPlansAndWeightedAverageAssumptionsTableTextBlock', window );">Net Periodic Pension Expense (Income) for Defined Benefit Plans and Weighted-Average Assumptions</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The components of net pension expense (income) for the defined benefit plans and the weighted average assumptions were as follows:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6.8</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6.5</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6.8</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">%</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAmountsInAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossToBeRecognizedOverNextFiscalYearTableTextBlock', window );">Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Be Recognized as Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost During Next Fiscal Year</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss that are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost during the next fiscal year are as follows:</div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> U.S.</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-U.S.</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6,481</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Prior Service Cost</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(154</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">82</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(72</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">)</font></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,236</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">4,173</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">6,409</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr></table><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTextBlock', window );">Changes in and Status of Plans' Assets and Benefit Obligations</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table sets forth the changes in and the status of our defined benefit plans&#8217; assets and benefit obligations:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> U.S.</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-U.S.</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">U.S.</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Non-U.S.</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">CHANGE IN PLAN ASSETS</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fair Value of Plan Assets, Beginning of Year</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">419,448</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">200,001</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">390,133</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Actual Return on Plan Assets</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 52%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAllocationOfPlanAssetsTableTextBlock', window );">Pension Plan Assets at Fair Value by Level Within Fair Value Hierarchy</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">We did not maintain any level 3 assets during the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018. In accordance with ASU 2015-07, &#8220;Fair Value Measurement (&#8220;Topic 820&#8221;), certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value (&#8220;NAV&#8221;) per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient do not have to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. We adopted ASU 2015-07 in the year ended April 30, 2018 and it was applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The fair value amounts presented in the following tables are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented for the total pension benefit plan assets. 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font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Level 1</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Level 2</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,396</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,762</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8212;</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,762</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 28%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total Non-U.S. Plan Assets</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,251</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">405,998</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,762</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">417,686</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">419,448</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 28%; padding-bottom: 4px; 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width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">405,998</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfExpectedBenefitPaymentsTableTextBlock', window );">Expected Future Benefit Payments</a></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the major categories of plan assets of pension plans and/or other employee benefit plans.  This information may include, but is not limited to, the target allocation of plan assets, the fair value of each major category of plan assets, and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of benefits expected to be paid by pension plans and/or other employee benefit plans in each of the next five fiscal years and in the aggregate for the five fiscal years thereafter.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6867546128">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock', window );">Estimated Weighted-Average Fair Value for Options Granted and Significant Weighted-Average Assumptions Used</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table provides the estimated weighted average fair value for options granted in the year ended April 30, 2016 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the significant weighted average assumptions used in their determination. The expected life represents an estimate of the period of time stock options will be outstanding based on the historical exercise behavior of option recipients. The risk-free interest rate is based on the corresponding U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. 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width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fair Value of Options on Grant Date</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">14.77</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; 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<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">A summary of the activity and status of our stock option plans follows:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="14" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 7%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">46.04</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 20%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Vested and Expected to Vest in the Future at April 30</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock', window );">Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at April 30, 2019:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Options Outstanding</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock', window );">Activity for Performance-Based and Other Restricted Stock Awards</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Activity for performance-based and other restricted stock awards during the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was as follows (shares in thousands):</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="6" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of option exercise prices, by grouped ranges, including the upper and lower limits of the price range, the number of shares under option, weighted average exercise price and remaining contractual option terms.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure for stock option plans. Includes, but is not limited to, outstanding awards at beginning and end of year, grants, exercises, forfeitures, and weighted-average grant date fair value.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the significant assumptions used during the year to estimate the fair value of stock options, including, but not limited to: (a) expected term of share options and similar instruments, (b) expected volatility of the entity's shares, (c) expected dividends, (d) risk-free rate(s), and (e) discount for post-vesting restrictions.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6591967040">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTextBlock', window );">Summary of Changes of Common Stock and Common Stock in Treasury</a></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsDeclaredTableTextBlock', window );">Cash Dividends Paid</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The following table summarizes the cash dividends paid during the year ended April 30, 2019:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Date of Declaration by Board of Directors</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Quarterly Cash Dividend</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; 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background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$0.33 per common share</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$19.0 million</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class A and</font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class B</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">July 18, 2018</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">July 3, 2018</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">September 26, 2018</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$0.33 per common share</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$18.9 million</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class A and</font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class B</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">October 24, 2018</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">October 9, 2018</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">December 19, 2018</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$0.33 per common share</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$18.9 million</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class A and</font></div><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Class B</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">January 16, 2019</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">January 2, 2019</font></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">March 20, 2019</font></div></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; 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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860089888">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Segment Information (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">390,001</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate Expenses</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; 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width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; margin-left: 7.2pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Operating Income</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">223,989</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">231,461</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">211,470</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr></table><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup>(1)</sup> Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest Income and Other for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2018 was $4.2 million in Research, $2.3 million in Publishing, and $1.6 million in Corporate expenses. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2017 was $1.6 million in Research, $1.2 million in Publishing, and $(8.1) million in Corporate expenses.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">See Note 3, &#8220;Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,&#8221; for revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ScheduleOfRevenueByProductServiceAssetsAndExpenditureForLongLivedAssetsAndDepreciationAndAmortizationBySegmentTableTextBlock', window );">Total Revenue by Product/Service and Total Assets, Expenditure for Long-Lived Assets and Depreciation and Amortization by Segment</a></td>
<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="10" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">For the Years Ended April 30,</div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> 2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2018</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2017</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">Total Assets</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Research</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,152,973</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1,238,178</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">575,033</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">582,339</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Solutions</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">751,854</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">563,489</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">575,068</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corporate</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">388,626</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">462,751</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">314,964</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #FFFFFF;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 64%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Total</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">$</font></div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2,937,002</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsByGeographicalAreasTableTextBlock', window );">Revenue from External Customers Based on Location of The Customer and Technology, Property and Equipment by Geographical Area</a></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6874147520">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Supplementary Quarterly Financial Information (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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<td class="text"><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%;"><tr><td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;"><div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Amounts in millions, except per share data</div></td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2019</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="1" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: bottom; 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text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;"><div><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3.32</font></div></td><td colspan="1" nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td></tr></table><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup>(1) </sup>In connection with the acquisition of Learning House, we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to &#8220;Change in Accounting Policy&#8221; in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, &#8220;Acquisition,&#8221; for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; margin-left: 9pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup>(2) </sup>Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, &#8220;Compensation&#8212;Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,&#8221;, we reclassified total net benefits related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Refer to Note 2, &#8220;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards,&#8221; for more information.</font></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><sup>(3) </sup>The sum of the quarterly earnings per share amounts may not agree to the respective annual amounts due to rounding.</font></div><div><br /></div></div><span></span>
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<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
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<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 554,722<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 531,024<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Operating and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1],[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">963,582<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">956,822<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">943,242<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_BookOverdraftsAbstract', window );"><strong>Book Overdrafts [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BankOverdrafts', window );">Book overdrafts</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAbstract', window );"><strong>Allowance for Doubtful Accounts [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">14,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_SalesReturnReservesAbstract', window );"><strong>Sales Return Reserves [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded', window );">Decrease in net assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(18,542)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(18,628)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LIFOMethodRelatedItemsAbstract', window );"><strong>Inventories [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LIFOInventoryAmount', window );">LIFO inventories</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">21,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryAdjustmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Reserve for Inventory Obsolescence [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves', window );">Inventory obsolescence reserve</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">15,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MarketingAndAdvertisingExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>Advertising Expense [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense', window );">Advertising costs</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">89,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">68,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">61,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTaxAbstract', window );"><strong>Foreign Currency Gains/Losses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionLossBeforeTax', window );">Foreign currency translation losses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">60,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember', window );">Shipping and Handling [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating Costs and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold', window );">Cost of sales</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">32,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">39,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Operating and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">32,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">39,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryAdjustmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Reserve for Inventory Obsolescence [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves', window );">Inventory obsolescence reserve</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">15,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember', window );">Accounts Receivable, Net [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_SalesReturnReservesAbstract', window );"><strong>Sales Return Reserves [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded', window );">Decrease in net assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(28,302)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=us-gaap_InventoriesMember', window );">Inventories, Net [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_SalesReturnReservesAbstract', window );"><strong>Sales Return Reserves [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded', window );">Decrease in net assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,739<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,626<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember', window );">Accrued Royalties [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_SalesReturnReservesAbstract', window );"><strong>Sales Return Reserves [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded', window );">Decrease in net assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(3,653)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,048)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember', window );">Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_SalesReturnReservesAbstract', window );"><strong>Sales Return Reserves [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded', window );">Decrease in net assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">25,934<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember', window );">Cost of Sales [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MarketingAndAdvertisingExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>Advertising Expense [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense', window );">Advertising costs</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">53,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">32,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember', window );">Operating and Admin Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MarketingAndAdvertisingExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>Advertising Expense [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense', window );">Advertising costs</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">29,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember', window );">Computer Software [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember', window );">Computer Software [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember', window );">Computer Hardware [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember', window );">Computer Hardware [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember', window );">Building and Leasehold Improvements [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">40 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember', window );">Furniture, Fixtures and Warehouse Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember', window );">Furniture, Fixtures and Warehouse Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_EnterpriseResourcePlanningAndRelatedSystemsMember', window );">Enterprise Resource Planning and Related Systems [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember', window );">Book Composition Costs [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember', window );">Book Composition Costs [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_OtherProductDevelopmentCostsMember', window );">Other Product Development Costs [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareDevelopmentMember', window );">Software Development [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareDevelopmentMember', window );">Software Development [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_ArtisticRelatedIntangibleAssetsMember', window );">Content and Publishing Rights [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Finite Lived Intangible Asset Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">34 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TrademarksMember', window );">Trademarks [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Finite Lived Intangible Asset Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">16 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember', window );">Customer Relationships [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Finite Lived Intangible Asset Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">18 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TradeNamesMember', window );">Brands [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Finite Lived Intangible Asset Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">16 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember', window );">Non-compete Agreements [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract', window );"><strong>Finite Lived Intangible Asset Useful Life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_PerformanceSharesMember', window );">Performance-based Stock Awards [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults', window );">Target period for stock-based compensation expense in advance of actual financial results</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForChangeInAccountingPrincipleAxis=jwa_ChangeInAccountingPolicyForCertainAdvertisingAndMarketingCostsMember', window );">Change in Accounting Policy for Certain Advertising and Marketing Costs [Member] | The Learning House, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating Costs and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold', window );">Cost of sales</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">40,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Operating and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (45,800)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">$ (40,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">In connection with the acquisition of The Learning House, Inc. ("Learning House"), we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.

The Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to "Change in Accounting Policy" in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, "Acquisition," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the retrospective adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-07, "Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,", total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Total net benefits (costs) related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were $8.8 million for the year ended April 30, 2019. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the adoption of the new revenue standard, See Note 3, Revenue from Contracts with Customers the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, the sales return reserve of $28.3 million was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsAbstract</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_BookOverdraftsAbstract</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLifeAbstract</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from sales return reserves recorded.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetAssetsResultingFromSalesReturnReservesRecorded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLifeAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_SalesReturnReservesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_SalesReturnReservesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period for targets established for share based compensation expense in advance of actual financial results, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetPeriodForShareBasedCompensationExpenseInAdvanceOfActualFinancialResults</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount charged to advertising expense for the period, which are expenses incurred with the objective of increasing revenue for a specified brand, product or product line.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 720<br> -SubTopic 35<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420018&amp;loc=d3e36677-107848<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A valuation allowance for trade and other receivables due to an Entity within one year (or the normal operating cycle, whichever is longer) that are expected to be uncollectible.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84173941&amp;loc=d3e5074-111524<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BankOverdrafts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of payments made in excess of existing cash balances, which will be honored by the bank but reflected as a loan to the entity. Overdrafts generally have a very short time frame for correction or repayment and are therefore more similar to short-term bank financing than trade financing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99376301&amp;loc=d3e1243-112600<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BankOverdrafts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs related to goods produced and sold and services rendered by an entity during the reporting period. This excludes costs incurred during the reporting period related to financial services rendered and other revenue generating activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.2(a),(d))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Useful life of finite-lived intangible assets, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTaxAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTaxAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before tax of foreign currency transaction realized and unrealized loss recognized in the income statement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109240200&amp;loc=d3e30690-110894<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109240200&amp;loc=d3e30700-110894<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450222&amp;loc=d3e30840-110895<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryAdjustmentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryAdjustmentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of valuation reserve for inventory.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68049868&amp;loc=d3e3927-108312<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 5.BB)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27011343&amp;loc=d3e100047-122729<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-09)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e24092-122690<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.6(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LIFOInventoryAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of LIFO (last in first out) inventory present at the reporting date when inventory is also valued using different valuation methods.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6361739&amp;loc=d3e7789-107766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LIFOInventoryAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LIFOMethodRelatedItemsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LIFOMethodRelatedItemsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MarketingAndAdvertisingExpenseAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MarketingAndAdvertisingExpenseAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Useful life of long lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Examples include, but not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68048583&amp;loc=d3e3636-108311<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=us-gaap_InventoriesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=us-gaap_InventoriesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=jwa_RoyaltiesPayableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=jwa_ContractLiabilityDeferredRevenueMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_CostOfSalesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6891247552">
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<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards, Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="9">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="6">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2016</div></th>
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<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 92,890<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 169,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 92,890<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 169,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 58,516<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 363,806<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">658<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">484<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">658<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">484<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">93,548<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">170,257<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">93,548<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">170,257<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">58,516<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 363,806<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">294,867<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">212,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">294,867<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">212,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets', window );">Product development assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">62,470<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,814<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">62,470<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">78,814<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">289,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">289,934<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">289,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">289,934<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">243,058<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">97,308<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">85,802<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">97,308<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">85,802<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Liabilities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent', window );">Accrued royalties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">78,062<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">73,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,062<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">73,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">507,365<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">486,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">507,365<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">486,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent', window );">Deferred income tax liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">143,775<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">143,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">143,775<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">143,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Retained earnings</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,931,074<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,834,057<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,931,074<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,834,057<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">294,867<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">212,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">294,867<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">212,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">507,365<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">486,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">507,365<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">486,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">491,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 449,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 448,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 410,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">477,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 455,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 451,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 411,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,800,069<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,796,103<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,718,530<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold', window );">Cost of sales</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">554,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">531,024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[4]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">500,794<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[4]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member', window );">Topic 606 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Liabilities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards', window );">Amounts netted down from accounts receivable, net and deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">59,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">59,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member', window );">Topic 606 [Member] | Adjustments due to Adoption [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">93,349<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">93,349<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets', window );">Product development assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,725)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(3,725)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(361)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(361)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,274<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">5,274<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Liabilities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent', window );">Accrued royalties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(731)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(731)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">89,364<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">89,364<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent', window );">Deferred income tax liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Retained earnings</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,503<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">4,503<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">93,349<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">93,349<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">89,364<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">89,364<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member', window );">Topic 606 [Member] | Balances without Adoption of Topic 606 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2],[5]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">212,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">212,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Liabilities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2],[5]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">486,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">486,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2],[5]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">212,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">212,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2],[5]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">486,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">486,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member', window );">Topic 606 [Member] | Balances upon Adoption of Topic 606 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">305,726<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">305,726<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets', window );">Product development assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">75,089<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">75,089<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">289,573<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">289,573<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">91,076<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">91,076<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Liabilities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent', window );">Accrued royalties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72,276<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">72,276<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">575,717<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">575,717<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent', window );">Deferred income tax liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">144,918<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">144,918<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Retained earnings</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,838,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,838,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">305,726<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">305,726<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">575,717<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">575,717<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member', window );">Topic 606 [Member] | Sales Return Reserve Provision [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">25,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">28,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Liabilities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">25,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">28,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">25,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">28,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">25,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 28,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">28,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201707Member', window );">ASU 2017-07 Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract', window );"><strong>Recently Adopted Accounting Standards [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Net charges benefits (cost)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">8,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(5,300)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201707Member', window );">ASU 2017-07 Member] | Operating and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract', window );"><strong>Recently Adopted Accounting Standards [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Net charges benefits (cost)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">8,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201707Member', window );">ASU 2017-07 Member] | Operating and Administrative Expenses [Member] | Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract', window );"><strong>Recently Adopted Accounting Standards [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Net charges benefits (cost)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(5,300)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(5,300)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201707Member', window );">ASU 2017-07 Member] | Interest and Other Income [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract', window );"><strong>Recently Adopted Accounting Standards [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Net charges benefits (cost)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(5,300)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201707Member', window );">ASU 2017-07 Member] | Interest and Other Income [Member] | Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract', window );"><strong>Recently Adopted Accounting Standards [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Net charges benefits (cost)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">8,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201618Member', window );">ASU 2016-18 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract', window );"><strong>Recently Adopted Accounting Standards [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetCashInOperatingActivitiesResultingFromReclassificationOfRestrictedCashIntoChangeInTotalCash', window );">Reduction in cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">$ (500)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201602Member', window );">ASU 2016-02 [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsAndLiabilitiesLesseeAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets and Liabilities, Lessee [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Operating lease, liability</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">175,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">175,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease, right-of-use asset</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">135,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">135,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201602Member', window );">ASU 2016-02 [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsAndLiabilitiesLesseeAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets and Liabilities, Lessee [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Operating lease, liability</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">185,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">185,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease, right-of-use asset</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 145,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 145,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="18"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="18"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash," we are now required to include restricted cash as part of the change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. As a result, amounts which were previously classified as cash flows from operating activities have been reclassified as they are recognized in the total change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, it was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. At April 30, 2018 the sales return reserve was $28.3 million.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">In connection with the acquisition of The Learning House, Inc. ("Learning House"), we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.

The Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to "Change in Accounting Policy" in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, "Acquisition," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[4]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the retrospective adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-07, "Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,", total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Total net benefits (costs) related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were $8.8 million for the year ended April 30, 2019. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[5]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">As noted above, prior period amounts have not been adjusted due to adoption of the new revenue standard under the modified   retrospective method.</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount that was netted down from accounts receivable and deferred revenue as of the date of the report due to implementing new accounting standards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_AccountsReceivableNetOfDeferredRevenueChangeDueToImplementingNewAccountingStandards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetCashInOperatingActivitiesResultingFromReclassificationOfRestrictedCashIntoChangeInTotalCash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash from operating activities resulting from reclassification of restricted cash into change in total cash.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInNetCashInOperatingActivitiesResultingFromReclassificationOfRestrictedCashIntoChangeInTotalCash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Product development assets consist of composition costs and royalty advances to authors. Composition costs, primarily represent the costs incurred to bring an edited commercial manuscript to publication including typesetting, proofreading, design and illustration, etc. Royalty advances to authors are capitalized and, upon publication, are recovered as royalties earned by the authors based on sales of the published works.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_RecentlyAdoptedAndIssuedAccountingStandardsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount due from customers or clients, within one year of the balance sheet date (or the normal operating cycle, whichever is longer), for goods or services (including trade receivables) that have been delivered or sold in the normal course of business, reduced to the estimated net realizable fair value by an allowance established by the entity of the amount it deems uncertain of collection.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for royalties. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6911-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsAndLiabilitiesLesseeAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsAndLiabilitiesLesseeAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82913815&amp;loc=SL49130532-203044<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82913815&amp;loc=SL49130531-203044<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs related to goods produced and sold and services rendered by an entity during the reporting period. This excludes costs incurred during the reporting period related to financial services rendered and other revenue generating activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.2(a),(d))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross amount of noncurrent deferred tax liabilities, which result from applying the applicable tax rate to taxable temporary differences pertaining to each jurisdiction to which the entity is obligated to pay income tax.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e31917-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of net periodic benefit cost (credit) for defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2709-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77888419&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77888419&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130543-203045<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130539-203045<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130545-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis=us-gaap_DifferenceBetweenRevenueGuidanceInEffectBeforeAndAfterTopic606Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis=us-gaap_DifferenceBetweenRevenueGuidanceInEffectBeforeAndAfterTopic606Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis=us-gaap_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectBeforeTopic606Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis=us-gaap_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectBeforeTopic606Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis=jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis=jwa_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectAfterTopic606Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ChangeInAccountingEstimateByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SalesReturnsAndAllowancesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ChangeInAccountingEstimateByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SalesReturnsAndAllowancesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201707Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201707Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementScenarioAxis=us-gaap_ScenarioPlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6990281776">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers, Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="8">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<td class="nump">$ 449,400<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 448,600<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 410,900<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 477,300<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 455,700<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 451,700<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 411,400<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 1,800,069<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 1,796,103<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 1,718,530<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_JournalRevenueMember', window );">Journals Subscriptions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">661,055<span></span>
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<td class="nump">677,685<span></span>
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<td class="nump">639,720<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">54,671<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">41,997<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">30,633<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_LicensingReprintsBackfilesAndOtherResearchSegmentMember', window );">Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">185,619<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">181,806<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">164,070<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember', window );">Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,968<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">19,066<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_STMAndProfessionalAndEducationPublishingMember', window );">STM and Professional Publishing [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">157,549<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">119,131<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">111,638<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember', window );">Operating Segments [Member] | Solutions [Member] | Professional Assessment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,889<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">61,094<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">59,868<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember', window );">Operating Segments [Member] | Solutions [Member] | Corporate Learning [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 65,126<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 63,835<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 60,086<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="14"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="14"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest Income and Other for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2018 was $4.2 million in Research, $2.3 million in Publishing, and $1.6 million in Corporate expenses. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2017 was $1.6 million in Research, $1.2 million in Publishing, and $(8.1) million in Corporate expenses.</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130543-203045<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130539-203045<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130545-203045<br></p></div>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_EducationPublishingMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember</td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6884813776">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers, Description of Revenue Generating Activities (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2019 </div>
<div>Segment </div>
<div>Journal </div>
<div>Institution </div>
<div>Asset </div>
<div>Language</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureOfEntitysReportableSegmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Revenue Generating Activities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments', window );">Number of reportable segments | Segment</a></td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions', window );">Number of academic institutions | Institution</a></td>
<td class="nump">700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts', window );">Number of languages available for learning contracts | Language</a></td>
<td class="nump">17<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_JournalRevenueMember', window );">Journals Subscriptions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureOfEntitysReportableSegmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Revenue Generating Activities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished', window );">Number of academic research journals published | Journal</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DurationOfContracts', window );">Duration of contract</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember', window );">Test Preparation and Certification [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureOfEntitysReportableSegmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Revenue Generating Activities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DurationOfContracts', window );">Duration of contract</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember', window );">Professional Assessment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureOfEntitysReportableSegmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Revenue Generating Activities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DurationOfContracts', window );">Duration of contract</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureOfEntitysReportableSegmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Revenue Generating Activities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts', window );">Number of content assets available for corporate learning contracts | Asset</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member] | Publishing Technology Services [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureOfEntitysReportableSegmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Revenue Generating Activities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DurationOfContracts', window );">Duration of contract</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member] | Education Services [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureOfEntitysReportableSegmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Revenue Generating Activities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DurationOfContracts', window );">Duration of contract</a></td>
<td class="text">7 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member] | Publishing Technology Services [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureOfEntitysReportableSegmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Revenue Generating Activities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DurationOfContracts', window );">Duration of contract</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member] | Education Services [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureOfEntitysReportableSegmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Description of Revenue Generating Activities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DurationOfContracts', window );">Duration of contract</a></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_DurationOfContracts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The duration of contracts in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_DurationOfContracts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of academic institutions. during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_NumberOfAcademicInstitutions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of academic research journals published during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_NumberOfAcademicResearchJournalsPublished</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of content assets available for corporate learning contracts including learning formats and modules such as leadership, diversity, value creation, client orientation, change and corporate strategy.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_NumberOfContentAssetsAvailableForCorporateLearningContracts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of languages in which contents for learning formats and modules on topics are available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_NumberOfLanguagesAvailableForLearningContracts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
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<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of segments reported by the entity. A reportable segment is a component of an entity for which there is an accounting requirement to report separate financial information on that component in the entity's financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureOfEntitysReportableSegmentsAbstract</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_TestPreparationAndCertificationMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_ProfessionalAssessmentMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_PublishingTechnologyServicesAtyponMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=jwa_OnlineProgramManagementDeltakMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>82
<FILENAME>R57.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6866363936">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers, Accounts Receivable, net and Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) Balances (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract', window );"><strong>Balances from contracts with customers [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 294,867<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 212,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">507,365<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">486,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue) (included in Other Long-Term Liabilities)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">10,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Increase/(decrease) [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherReceivables', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(52,939)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(14,209)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (29,886)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">18,106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">36,243<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 22,692<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent', window );">Sales return reserve recorded in contract liability</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">25,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized', window );">Revenue recognized from beginning contract liability</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">530,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis=us-gaap_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectBeforeTopic606Member', window );">Balances without Adoption of Topic 606 [Member] | ASU 2014-09 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract', window );"><strong>Balances from contracts with customers [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1],[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">212,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1],[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">486,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue) (included in Other Long-Term Liabilities)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis=us-gaap_DifferenceBetweenRevenueGuidanceInEffectBeforeAndAfterTopic606Member', window );">Effect of Change Higher/(Lower) [Member] | ASU 2014-09 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract', window );"><strong>Balances from contracts with customers [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">93,349<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 89,364<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Increase/(decrease) [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherReceivables', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">82,490<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">21,012<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue) (included in Other Long-Term Liabilities)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 of $25.9 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, it was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. At April 30, 2018 the sales return reserve was $28.3 million.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">As noted above, prior period amounts have not been adjusted due to adoption of the new revenue standard under the modified   retrospective method.</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the amount due from customers for the credit sale of goods and services non current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiabilityNonCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount due from customers or clients, within one year of the balance sheet date (or the normal operating cycle, whichever is longer), for goods or services (including trade receivables) that have been delivered or sold in the normal course of business, reduced to the estimated net realizable fair value by an allowance established by the entity of the amount it deems uncertain of collection.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82913815&amp;loc=SL49130532-203044<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82913815&amp;loc=SL49130531-203044<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82913815&amp;loc=SL49130532-203044<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82913815&amp;loc=SL49130531-203044<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized that was previously included in balance of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration from customer has been received or is due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability for consideration received or receivable from customer which is not included in transaction price, when consideration is expected to be refunded to customer, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 27<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108792157&amp;loc=SL49130611-203046-203046<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherReceivables">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the amount due from customers for the credit sale of goods and services; includes accounts receivable and other types of receivables.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherReceivables</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis=us-gaap_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectBeforeTopic606Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InitialApplicationPeriodCumulativeEffectTransitionAxis=us-gaap_CalculatedUnderRevenueGuidanceInEffectBeforeTopic606Member</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6853733008">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers, Remaining Performance Obligations, Assets Recognized for the Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuePerformanceObligationSatisfiedOverTimeAbstract', window );"><strong>Remaining Performance Obligations [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Remaining performance obligations</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 518,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets Recognized for the Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet', window );">Costs capitalized</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">8,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization', window );">Amortization</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cost of revenue [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Operating and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1],[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">963,582<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 956,822<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 943,242<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2019-05-01', window );">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2019-05-01</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuePerformanceObligationSatisfiedOverTimeAbstract', window );"><strong>Remaining Performance Obligations [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount', window );">Remaining performance obligations excluding sales return reserve</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 481,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Expected timing of satisfaction, period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">12 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2020-05-01', window );">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-05-01</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuePerformanceObligationSatisfiedOverTimeAbstract', window );"><strong>Remaining Performance Obligations [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RevenueExcludingSalesReturnReserveRemainingPerformanceObligationAmount', window );">Remaining performance obligations excluding sales return reserve</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Expected timing of satisfaction, period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember', window );">Shipping and Handling [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cost of revenue [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Operating and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 39,100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the retrospective adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-07, "Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,", total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Total net benefits (costs) related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were $8.8 million for the year ended April 30, 2019. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">In connection with the acquisition of The Learning House, Inc. ("Learning House"), we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.

The Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to "Change in Accounting Policy" in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, "Acquisition," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligation that has not been recognized as revenue excluding sales return reserve.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense for asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68051541&amp;loc=SL49131252-203054<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, of asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68051541&amp;loc=SL49131252-203054<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenuePerformanceObligationSatisfiedOverTimeAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligation that has not been recognized as revenue.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130556-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period in which remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130556-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68048583&amp;loc=d3e3636-108311<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2019-05-01">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2019-05-01</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2020-05-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_ShippingAndHandlingMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6884284704">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="9">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 01, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationDescriptionAbstract', window );"><strong>Acquisitions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Number of shares of common stock warrantholders are allowed to purchase (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired', window );">Cash, net of cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 190,415<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 125,924<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Current Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,095,666<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,095,666<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,019,801<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,095,666<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,019,801<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Identifiable intangible assets acquired and weighted-average useful life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Identifiable intangible assets acquired</a></td>
<td class="nump">648,440<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">648,440<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">615,244<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">648,440<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">615,244<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">491,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 449,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 448,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 410,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">477,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 455,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 451,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 411,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,800,069<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,796,103<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,718,530<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Operating loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">80,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 57,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 65,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 80,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">223,989<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">231,461<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">211,470<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_SolutionsMember', window );">Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Current Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="nump">374,010<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">374,010<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">272,531<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">374,010<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">272,531<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember', window );">Customer Relationships [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Identifiable intangible assets acquired and weighted-average useful life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Identifiable intangible assets acquired</a></td>
<td class="nump">245,830<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">245,830<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 161,729<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">245,830<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">161,729<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember', window );">Atypon Systems Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationDescriptionAbstract', window );"><strong>Acquisitions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired', window );">Cash, net of cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 121,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Current Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill', window );">Intangible Assets, net</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 70,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Identifiable intangible assets acquired and weighted-average useful life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">19,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Operating loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember', window );">The Learning House, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationDescriptionAbstract', window );"><strong>Acquisitions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired', window );">Percentage of ownership interest acquired</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross', window );">Payment to acquire business, gross</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired', window );">Cash, net of cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">190,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAcquiredFromAcquisition', window );">Cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets acquired and liabilities assumed [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1', window );">Consideration transferred</a></td>
<td class="nump">201,274<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Current Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,293<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,293<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,293<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,621<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,621<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,621<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets', window );">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,439<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,439<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,439<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets', window );">Total Current Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">343<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">343<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">343<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill', window );">Intangible Assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">109,548<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">109,548<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">109,548<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="nump">110,805<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">110,805<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">110,805<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets', window );">Other Non-Current Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets', window );">Total Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">246,074<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">246,074<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">246,074<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Current Liabilities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesDeferredRevenue', window );">Contract liability (Deferred revenue)</a></td>
<td class="nump">959<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">959<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">959<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedEmploymentCosts', window );">Accrued employment costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,925<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,925<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,925<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesOther', window );">Other accrued liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,422<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,422<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,422<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilities', window );">Total Current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,848<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,848<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,848<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Deferred Income Tax Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNoncurrentLiabilitiesOther', window );">Other Long-Term Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,184<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,184<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,184<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilities', window );">Total Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">44,801<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">44,801<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">44,801<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Identifiable intangible assets acquired and weighted-average useful life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Identifiable intangible assets acquired</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 109,548<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 109,548<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">109,548<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember', window );">The Learning House, Inc. [Member] | Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationDescriptionAbstract', window );"><strong>Acquisitions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionPurchasePriceAllocationGoodwillExpectedTaxDeductibleAmount', window );">Goodwill deductible for tax purposes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Identifiable intangible assets acquired and weighted-average useful life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Operating loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember', window );">The Learning House, Inc. [Member] | Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationDescriptionAbstract', window );"><strong>Acquisitions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredEquityInterestsIssuedAndIssuable', window );">Issuance of warrants</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm', window );">Term of warrants</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember', window );">The Learning House, Inc. [Member] | Warrants [Member] | Common Stock Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationDescriptionAbstract', window );"><strong>Acquisitions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Number of shares of common stock warrantholders are allowed to purchase (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 90.00<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember', window );">The Learning House, Inc. [Member] | Customer Relationships [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Identifiable intangible assets acquired and weighted-average useful life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Identifiable intangible assets acquired</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 103,850<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 103,850<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 103,850<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife', window );">Weighted-average useful life</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">15 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember', window );">The Learning House, Inc. [Member] | Course Content [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Identifiable intangible assets acquired and weighted-average useful life [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Identifiable intangible assets acquired</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,698<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,698<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,698<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife', window );">Weighted-average useful life</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">4 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="18"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="18"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">The April 30, 2018 goodwill balances were revised for the Publishing segment which decreased and the Solutions segment which increased to reflect foreign translation adjustments of $11.6 million.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest Income and Other for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2018 was $4.2 million in Research, $2.3 million in Publishing, and $1.6 million in Corporate expenses. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2017 was $1.6 million in Research, $1.2 million in Publishing, and $(8.1) million in Corporate expenses.</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedEmploymentCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accrued employment cost expected to be recognized as such within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, assumed at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedEmploymentCosts</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average amortization period of finite-lived intangible assets acquired either individually or as part of a group of assets, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16265-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of voting equity interests acquired at the acquisition date in the business combination.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=79982066&amp;loc=d3e1392-128463<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionPurchasePriceAllocationGoodwillExpectedTaxDeductibleAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of goodwill arising from a business combination that is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=35744584&amp;loc=d3e6927-128479<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionPurchasePriceAllocationGoodwillExpectedTaxDeductibleAmount</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of consideration transferred, consisting of acquisition-date fair value of assets transferred by the acquirer, liabilities incurred by the acquirer, and equity interest issued by the acquirer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109124213&amp;loc=d3e6613-128477<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=35744584&amp;loc=d3e6927-128479<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109124213&amp;loc=d3e6578-128477<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity interests of the acquirer, including instruments or interests issued or issuable in consideration for the business combination.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109124213&amp;loc=d3e6613-128477<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109124213&amp;loc=d3e6578-128477<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of assets acquired at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, acquired at the acquisition date. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, acquired at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, acquired at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount due from customers or clients for goods or services, including trade receivables, that have been delivered or sold in the normal course of business, and amounts due from others, including related parties expected to be converted to cash, sold or exchanged within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, acquired at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities due within one year or within the normal operating cycle, if longer, assumed at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilities</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities incurred for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business and related party payables, assumed at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred revenue expected to be recognized as such within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, assumed at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesDeferredRevenue</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of other liabilities due within one year or within the normal operating cycle, if longer, assumed at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable temporary difference assumed at the acquisition date that are classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of intangible assets, excluding goodwill, acquired at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibleAssetsOtherThanGoodwill</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities assumed at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNoncurrentLiabilitiesOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of other liabilities due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, assumed at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNoncurrentLiabilitiesOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of other assets expected to be realized or consumed after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, acquired at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of property, plant, and equipment recognized as of the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 37<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108330185&amp;loc=d3e2207-128464<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84161108&amp;loc=d3e4845-128472<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNetAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNetAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAcquiredFromAcquisition">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the acquisition of business during the period (for example, cash that was held by the acquired business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3179-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAcquiredFromAcquisition</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercise price per share or per unit of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of securities into which the class of warrant or right may be converted. For example, but not limited to, 500,000 warrants may be converted into 1,000,000 shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Goodwill">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77989000&amp;loc=SL49117168-202975<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99380562&amp;loc=d3e13770-109266<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Goodwill</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of business during the period. The cash portion only of the acquisition price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=35744584&amp;loc=d3e6927-128479<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of a business, net of the cash acquired from the purchase.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130543-203045<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130539-203045<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130545-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period between issuance and expiration of outstanding warrant and right embodying unconditional obligation requiring redemption by transferring asset at specified or determinable date or upon event certain to occur, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99377789&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_SolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_SolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=jwa_AtyponSystemsIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=jwa_TheLearningHouseIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=jwa_CourseContentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=jwa_CourseContentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6868902544">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (Details) - shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic', window );">Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">57,240,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,181,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,531,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesRestrictedStock', window );">Less: Unvested restricted shares (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="num">(48,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(138,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(194,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Shares Used for Basic Earnings Per Share (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">57,192,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,043,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,337,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements', window );">Dilutive Effect of Stock Options and Other Stock Awards (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">648,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">845,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">862,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Shares Used for Diluted Earnings Per Share (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">57,840,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,888,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,199,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Stock Options [Member] | Common Stock Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding and Share Repurchases [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted EPS calculation (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">260,984<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">244,590<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">301,527<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember', window );">Warrants [Member] | Common Stock Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding and Share Repurchases [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted EPS calculation (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">242,402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember', window );">Restricted Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding and Share Repurchases [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted EPS calculation (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,740<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) or earnings per unit (EPU) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS or EPU because to do so would increase EPS or EPU amounts or decrease loss per share or unit amounts for the period presented.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDilutedOtherDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Additional shares included in the calculation of diluted EPS as a result of the potentially dilutive effect of share based payment arrangements using the treasury stock method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1500-109256<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1505-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This element represents the weighted average total number of shares issued throughout the period including the first (beginning balance outstanding) and last (ending balance outstanding) day of the period before considering any reductions (for instance, shares held in treasury) to arrive at the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Weighted average relates to the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares have been issued and outstanding to the total time in that period. Such concept is used in determining the weighted average number of shares outstanding for purposes of calculating earnings per share (basic).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1448-109256<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e2646-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesIssuedBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1448-109256<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesRestrictedStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of restricted stock determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that restricted shares have been outstanding to the total time in that period. Restricted shares are subject to sales, contractual, regulatory or other restrictions that prevent or inhibit the holder from freely disposing of them before the restriction ends.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e2646-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesRestrictedStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=jwa_AdditionalPaidInCapitalAttributableToWarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>86
<FILENAME>R61.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6869353056">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AOCIAttributableToParentNetOfTaxRollForward', window );"><strong>AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,190,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,003,137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,037,106<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent', window );">Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications</a></td>
<td class="num">(68,835)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64,399<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(67,015)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReclassificationFromAociCurrentPeriodNetOfTaxAttributableToParent', window );">Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(323)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,308<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,414<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income</a></td>
<td class="num">(69,158)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">67,707<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(59,601)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,181,347<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,190,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,003,137<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember', window );">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AOCIAttributableToParentNetOfTaxRollForward', window );"><strong>AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(439,580)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(507,287)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(447,686)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(508,738)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(439,580)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(507,287)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember', window );">Foreign Currency Translation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AOCIAttributableToParentNetOfTaxRollForward', window );"><strong>AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(251,573)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(319,212)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(267,920)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent', window );">Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,534)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">67,639<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(51,292)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReclassificationFromAociCurrentPeriodNetOfTaxAttributableToParent', window );">Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income</a></td>
<td class="num">(60,534)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">67,639<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(51,292)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(312,107)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(251,573)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(319,212)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentNetUnamortizedGainLossMember', window );">Unamortized Retirement Costs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AOCIAttributableToParentNetOfTaxRollForward', window );"><strong>AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(191,026)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(190,502)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(179,405)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent', window );">Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications</a></td>
<td class="num">(9,422)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,979)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(18,458)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReclassificationFromAociCurrentPeriodNetOfTaxAttributableToParent', window );">Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,391<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,455<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,361<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,031)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(524)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,097)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(196,057)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(191,026)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(190,502)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedGainLossNetCashFlowHedgeParentMember', window );">Interest Rate Swaps [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AOCIAttributableToParentNetOfTaxRollForward', window );"><strong>AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,427<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(361)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent', window );">Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,121<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,739<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,735<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReclassificationFromAociCurrentPeriodNetOfTaxAttributableToParent', window );">Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,714)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,147)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">53<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,593)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">592<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,788<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (574)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,427<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AOCIAttributableToParentNetOfTaxRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AOCIAttributableToParentNetOfTaxRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax, before reclassification adjustments, of other comprehensive income (loss), attributable to parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109228884&amp;loc=d3e1436-108581<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OciBeforeReclassificationsNetOfTaxAttributableToParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to parent entity.</p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
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<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
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<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1],[2]</sup></td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the retrospective adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-07, "Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,", total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income (Expense) for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Total net benefits (costs) related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were $8.8 million for the year ended April 30, 2019. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">In connection with the acquisition of The Learning House, Inc. ("Learning House"), we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.

The Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $45.8 million and $40.0 million for the years ended April 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to "Change in Accounting Policy" in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 4, "Acquisition," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis=us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>88
<FILENAME>R63.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6866332512">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Restructuring and Related Charges, Pre-tax Restructuring Charges (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Restructuring and Related Charges [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax', window );">Restructuring charge (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 28.6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13.4<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits', window );">Restructuring and related (credits) charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,118<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 28,566<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,355<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember', window );">Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits', window );">Restructuring and related (credits) charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,118<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,566<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,355<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedCostCostIncurredToDate1', window );">Restructuring and related charges incurred to date</a></td>
<td class="nump">169,628<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember', window );">Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member] | Severance [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits', window );">Restructuring and related (credits) charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,456<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,213<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,386<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedCostCostIncurredToDate1', window );">Restructuring and related charges incurred to date</a></td>
<td class="nump">116,259<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember', window );">Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member] | Consulting and Contract Termination Costs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits', window );">Restructuring and related (credits) charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">526<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,815<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">148<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedCostCostIncurredToDate1', window );">Restructuring and related charges incurred to date</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,155<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember', window );">Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member] | Other Activities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits', window );">Restructuring and related (credits) charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,136<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(462)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,821<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedCostCostIncurredToDate1', window );">Restructuring and related charges incurred to date</a></td>
<td class="nump">32,214<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_ResearchSegmentMember', window );">Research [Member] | Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits', window );">Restructuring and related (credits) charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,131<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,257<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,949<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedCostCostIncurredToDate1', window );">Restructuring and related charges incurred to date</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,544<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_PublishingMember', window );">Publishing [Member] | Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits', window );">Restructuring and related (credits) charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">650<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,443<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,596<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedCostCostIncurredToDate1', window );">Restructuring and related charges incurred to date</a></td>
<td class="nump">39,581<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_SolutionsMember', window );">Solutions [Member] | Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits', window );">Restructuring and related (credits) charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">878<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,695<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,787<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedCostCostIncurredToDate1', window );">Restructuring and related charges incurred to date</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,125<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember', window );">Corporate Expenses [Member] | Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits', window );">Restructuring and related (credits) charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">459<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,171<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedCostCostIncurredToDate1', window );">Restructuring and related charges incurred to date</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 96,378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The per share amount of pre-tax restructuring charge recorded during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_RestructuringChargePerShareBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Restructuring charges for research and professional development, net of related reversal of severance provisions previously recorded by the Company.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_RestructuringChargesNetOfCredits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedCostCostIncurredToDate1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of costs incurred to date for the specified restructuring cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6394359&amp;loc=d3e17939-110869<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6394359&amp;loc=d3e17939-110869<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.4(d))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115931487&amp;loc=d3e140904-122747<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.4(b)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115931487&amp;loc=d3e140904-122747<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedCostCostIncurredToDate1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeSeveranceMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeSeveranceMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis=us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis=us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis=us-gaap_OtherRestructuringMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis=us-gaap_OtherRestructuringMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_ResearchSegmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_ResearchSegmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_PublishingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_PublishingMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_SolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_SolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6888382640">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Restructuring and Related Charges, Activity for Restructuring and Reinvestment Program Liability (Details) - Restructuring and Reinvestment Program [Member]<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward', window );"><strong>Activity for Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve', window );">Restructuring liability, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,051<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCharges', window );">Charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,118<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring', window );">Payments</a></td>
<td class="num">(15,219)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveTranslationAndOtherAdjustment', window );">Foreign translation &amp; other adjustments</a></td>
<td class="num">(216)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve', window );">Restructuring liability, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,734<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember', window );">Severance [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward', window );"><strong>Activity for Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve', window );">Restructuring liability, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,279<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCharges', window );">Charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,456<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring', window );">Payments</a></td>
<td class="num">(13,388)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveTranslationAndOtherAdjustment', window );">Foreign translation &amp; other adjustments</a></td>
<td class="num">(460)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve', window );">Restructuring liability, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,887<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember', window );">Severance [Member] | Accrued Employment Costs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward', window );"><strong>Activity for Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve', window );">Restructuring liability, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,900<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember', window );">Consulting and Contract Termination Costs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward', window );"><strong>Activity for Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve', window );">Restructuring liability, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCharges', window );">Charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">526<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring', window );">Payments</a></td>
<td class="num">(223)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveTranslationAndOtherAdjustment', window );">Foreign translation &amp; other adjustments</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve', window );">Restructuring liability, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">303<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember', window );">Other Activities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward', window );"><strong>Activity for Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve', window );">Restructuring liability, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,772<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCharges', window );">Charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,136<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring', window );">Payments</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,608)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveTranslationAndOtherAdjustment', window );">Foreign translation &amp; other adjustments</a></td>
<td class="nump">244<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve', window );">Restructuring liability, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,544<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember', window );">Other Activities [Member] | Other Accrued Liabilities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward', window );"><strong>Activity for Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve', window );">Restructuring liability, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember', window );">Other Activities [Member] | Other Long-Term Liabilities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward', window );"><strong>Activity for Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve', window );">Restructuring liability, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,400<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash payments made as the result of exit or disposal activities. Excludes payments associated with a discontinued operation or an asset retirement obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6394359&amp;loc=d3e17939-110869<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3367-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCharges">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses associated with exit or disposal activities pursuant to an authorized plan. Excludes expenses related to a discontinued operation or an asset retirement obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115931487&amp;loc=d3e140864-122747<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6394359&amp;loc=d3e17939-110869<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.4(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115931487&amp;loc=d3e140904-122747<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringCharges</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying amount (including both current and noncurrent portions of the accrual) as of the balance sheet date pertaining to a specified type of cost associated with exit from or disposal of business activities or restructuring pursuant to a duly authorized plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6394359&amp;loc=d3e17939-110869<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 5.P.4(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115931487&amp;loc=d3e140904-122747<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringReserve</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveTranslationAndOtherAdjustment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in the restructuring reserve related to foreign currency translation (gain) loss and other increases (decreases).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 5.P.4(b)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115931487&amp;loc=d3e140904-122747<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6394359&amp;loc=d3e17939-110869<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringReserveTranslationAndOtherAdjustment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis=jwa_RestructuringAndReinvestmentProgramMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeSeveranceMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeSeveranceMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=jwa_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis=us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis=us-gaap_ContractTerminationMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis=us-gaap_OtherRestructuringMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis=us-gaap_OtherRestructuringMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherCurrentLiabilitiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherCurrentLiabilitiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6867365712">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Inventories (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods', window );">Finished Goods</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 33,736<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,503<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess', window );">Work-in-Process</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,094<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,139<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials', window );">Paper and Other Materials</a></td>
<td class="nump">373<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">550<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryGross', window );">Gross inventory</a></td>
<td class="nump">36,203<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,192<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns', window );">Inventory Value of Estimated Sales Returns</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,739<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,626<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve', window );">LIFO Reserve</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,360)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,329)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet', window );">Total Inventories</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,582<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,489<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves', window );">Inventory obsolescence reserve</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of inventory reserves for estimated sales returns.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_InventoryReserveForEstimatedSalesReturns</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before valuation and LIFO reserves of completed merchandise or goods expected to be sold within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.6(a)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross amount, as of the balance sheet date, of merchandise, goods, commodities, or supplies held for future sale or to be used in manufacturing, servicing or production process.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.6(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which inventory stated at last-in first-out (LIFO) is less than (in excess of) inventory stated at other inventory cost methods.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.6(c))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68049868&amp;loc=d3e3927-108312<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.6(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryNetAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before valuation and LIFO reserves of raw materials expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.6(a)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of valuation reserve for inventory.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68049868&amp;loc=d3e3927-108312<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 5.BB)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27011343&amp;loc=d3e100047-122729<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-09)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e24092-122690<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.6(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before valuation and LIFO reserves of merchandise or goods in the production process expected to be completed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.6(a)(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860646960">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Product Development Assets (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract', window );"><strong>Product Development Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets', window );">Product development assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 62,470<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 78,814<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedAmortizationOfOtherDeferredCosts', window );">Accumulated amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">236,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">238,100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember', window );">Book Composition Costs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract', window );"><strong>Product Development Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets', window );">Product development assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,197<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,887<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress', window );">Work in process</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_SoftwareCostsMember', window );">Software Costs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract', window );"><strong>Product Development Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets', window );">Product development assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">38,048<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">52,078<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember', window );">Content Development Costs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract', window );"><strong>Product Development Assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets', window );">Product development assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,225<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,849<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Product development assets consist of composition costs and royalty advances to authors. Composition costs, primarily represent the costs incurred to bring an edited commercial manuscript to publication including typesetting, proofreading, design and illustration, etc. Royalty advances to authors are capitalized and, upon publication, are recovered as royalties earned by the authors based on sales of the published works.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of product development assets, which are partially completed at the time of measurement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ProductDevelopmentAssetsWokInProgress</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedAmortizationOfOtherDeferredCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated amortization of other deferred costs capitalized at the end of the reporting period. Does not include deferred finance costs, deferred acquisition costs of insurance companies, or deferred leasing costs for real estate operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedAmortizationOfOtherDeferredCosts</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_BookCompositionCostsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_SoftwareCostsMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_ContentDevelopmentCostsMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6888829440">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Technology, Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Technology, property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 688,701<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 634,195<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(399,680)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(344,261)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">289,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">289,934<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 243,058<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet', window );">Net book value of capitalized software costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">200,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">198,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1', window );">Capitalized Software Amortization Expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">50,095<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45,449<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,343<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DepreciationAndAmortizationExpenseExcludingCapitalizedSoftware', window );">Depreciation and Amortization Expense, Excluding Capitalized Software</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,323<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,878<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,340<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Total depreciation and amortization expense for technology, property, and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">69,418<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 66,683<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareDevelopmentMember', window );">Capitalized Software [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Technology, property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">440,437<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">390,774<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress', window );">Work in process</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember', window );">Computer Hardware [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Technology, property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">68,718<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,493<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember', window );">Buildings and Leasehold Improvements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Technology, property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">118,685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">121,381<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember', window );">Furniture, Fixtures and Warehouse Equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Technology, property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">57,471<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,869<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovementsMember', window );">Land and Land Improvements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Technology, property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,390<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,678<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_DepreciationAndAmortizationExpenseExcludingCapitalizedSoftware">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense excluding capitalized software recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_DepreciationAndAmortizationExpenseExcludingCapitalizedSoftware</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of work in progress in property, plant and equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentWorkInProgress</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.14)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for amortization of capitalized computer software costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128487-111756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The carrying amount of capitalized computer software costs net of accumulated amortization as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Depreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.13)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareDevelopmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareDevelopmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_BuildingAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=jwa_FurnitureFixturesAndWarehouseEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6884097040">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillRollForward', window );"><strong>Goodwill [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,019,801,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod', window );">Acquisition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">110,805,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss', window );">Foreign translation adjustment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(34,940,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,095,666,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,019,801,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_ResearchSegmentMember', window );">Research [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillRollForward', window );"><strong>Goodwill [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">463,419,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod', window );">Acquisition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss', window );">Foreign translation adjustment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(24,908,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">438,511,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">463,419,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_PublishingMember', window );">Publishing [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillRollForward', window );"><strong>Goodwill [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">283,851,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod', window );">Acquisition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss', window );">Foreign translation adjustment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(706,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,600)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">283,145,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">283,851,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_SolutionsMember', window );">Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillRollForward', window );"><strong>Goodwill [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">272,531,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod', window );">Acquisition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">110,805,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss', window );">Foreign translation adjustment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(9,326,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 374,010,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 272,531,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">The April 30, 2018 goodwill balances were revised for the Publishing segment which decreased and the Solutions segment which increased to reflect foreign translation adjustments of $11.6 million.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Refer to Note 4, "Acquisition," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018.</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77989000&amp;loc=SL49117168-202975<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99380562&amp;loc=d3e13770-109266<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Goodwill</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized resulting from a business combination.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108376223&amp;loc=d3e13816-109267<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of foreign currency translation gain (loss) which increases (decreases) an asset representing future economic benefits from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108376223&amp;loc=d3e13816-109267<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_SolutionsMember">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_SolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>94
<FILENAME>R69.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6888429136">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Finite-lived intangible assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross', window );">Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,152,088<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,069,776<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization', window );">Accumulated amortization</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(503,648)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(454,532)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">648,440<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">615,244<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillAbstract', window );"><strong>Intangible assets with indefinite lives [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill', window );">Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">220,732<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">236,427<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss', window );">Accumulated impairment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,600)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,600)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">217,132<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">232,827<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwillAbstract', window );"><strong>Intangible assets (excluding goodwill) [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill', window );">Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,372,820<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,306,203<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill', window );">Total Intangible Assets, Net</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">865,572<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">848,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill', window );">Impairment charges</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths', window );">2020</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo', window );">2021</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,517<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree', window );">2022</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">44,115<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour', window );">2023</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive', window );">2024</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,929<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseAfterYearFive', window );">Thereafter</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">427,155<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">648,440<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">615,244<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TrademarksAndTradeNamesMember', window );">Brands and Trademarks [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillAbstract', window );"><strong>Intangible assets with indefinite lives [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill', window );">Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">134,509<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">142,189<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss', window );">Accumulated impairment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,600)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,600)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 130,909<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">138,589<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TrademarksMember', window );">Trademarks [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwillAbstract', window );"><strong>Intangible assets (excluding goodwill) [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsPercentageOfEstimatedFairValueInExcessOfCarryingValue', window );">% by which estimated fair value exceeds carrying value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_ArtisticRelatedIntangibleAssetsMember', window );">Content and Publishing Rights [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillAbstract', window );"><strong>Intangible assets with indefinite lives [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill', window );">Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 86,223<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">94,238<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss', window );">Accumulated impairment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86,223<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">94,238<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=jwa_BrandsMember', window );">Brands [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwillAbstract', window );"><strong>Intangible assets (excluding goodwill) [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill', window );">Impairment charges</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillFairValueDisclosure', window );">Fair value of intangible assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_ArtisticRelatedIntangibleAssetsMember', window );">Content and Publishing Rights [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Finite-lived intangible assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross', window );">Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">806,628<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">824,146<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization', window );">Accumulated amortization</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(417,456)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(387,386)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">389,172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">436,760<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">389,172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">436,760<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember', window );">Customer Relationships [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Finite-lived intangible assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross', window );">Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">310,977<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">212,020<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization', window );">Accumulated amortization</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(65,147)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(50,291)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">245,830<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">161,729<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">245,830<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">161,729<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TrademarksAndTradeNamesMember', window );">Brands and Trademarks [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Finite-lived intangible assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross', window );">Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,802<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,111<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization', window );">Accumulated amortization</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(19,809)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,011)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,993<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,993<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember', window );">Covenants Not to Compete [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Finite-lived intangible assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross', window );">Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,681<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,499<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization', window );">Accumulated amortization</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,236)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(844)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">445<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">655<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 445<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 655<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=jwa_BrandsMember', window );">Brands [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Finite-lived intangible assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful life</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of assets, net of accumulated impairment, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance and having a projected indefinite period of benefit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillNetOfAccumulatedImpairment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated impairment loss for an asset lacking physical substance and having a projected indefinite period of benefit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsImpairedAccumulatedImpairmentLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsPercentageOfEstimatedFairValueInExcessOfCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of estimated fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets in excess of its carrying value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsPercentageOfEstimatedFairValueInExcessOfCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Useful life of finite-lived intangible assets, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated amount of amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseAfterYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life expected to be recognized after the fifth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseAfterYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life expected to be recognized during the next fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life expected to be recognized during the fifth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life expected to be recognized during the fourth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life expected to be recognized during the third fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life expected to be recognized during the second fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsFutureAmortizationExpenseAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 928<br> -SubTopic 340<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6473545&amp;loc=d3e61844-108004<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNetAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of impairment loss resulting from write-down of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance and having a projected indefinite period of benefit to fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16373-109275<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ImpairmentOfIntangibleAssetsIndefinitelivedExcludingGoodwill</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance and having a projected indefinite period of benefit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwill</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillFairValueDisclosure">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, that lack physical substance, having a projected indefinite period of benefit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99377789&amp;loc=d3e19190-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsExcludingGoodwillFairValueDisclosure</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated amortization of intangible assets, excluding goodwill.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwill</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsGrossExcludingGoodwillAbstract</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts of all intangible assets, excluding goodwill, as of the balance sheet date, net of accumulated amortization and impairment charges.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph ((a)(1),(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6388964&amp;loc=d3e16212-109274<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwill</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TrademarksAndTradeNamesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">4 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2016</div></th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract', window );"><strong>Current Provision [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">International</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">52,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">46,112<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">105,228<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">State and Local</a></td>
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<td class="nump">2,536<span></span>
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<td class="nump">961<span></span>
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<td class="nump">100<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Total Current Provision</a></td>
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<td class="nump">57,438<span></span>
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<td class="nump">44,857<span></span>
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<td class="nump">106,240<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred Provision (Benefit) [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">U.S. - Federal</a></td>
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</td>
<td class="nump">335<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(26,062)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,852)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">International</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,630)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,420<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,330)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">State and Local</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="num">(5,454)<span></span>
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<td class="nump">530<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">415<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Total Deferred (Benefit) Provision</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(12,749)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(23,112)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(28,767)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Total Provision</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">44,689<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,745<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,473<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Foreign and domestic pretax income [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign', window );">International</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">204,326<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">219,178<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">192,910<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic', window );">United States</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,626<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,247)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,794)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Income Before Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 212,952<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 213,931<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 191,116<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperationsTaxRateReconciliationAbstract', window );"><strong>Effective income tax rate reconciliation [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">U.S. Federal Statutory Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">21.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLitigationExpensePercent', window );">German Tax Litigation Expense</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential', window );">Cost (Benefit) of Higher (Lower) Taxes on Non-U.S. Income</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8.40%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(12.70%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes', window );">State Income Taxes, net of U.S. Federal Tax Benefit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1.30%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017Percent', window );">Deferred Tax (Benefit) from U.S. Tax Reform Rate Change</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11.70%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate', window );">Deferred Tax Benefit from U.K. Statutory Tax Rate Change</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1.30%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCredits', window );">Tax Credits and Related Benefits</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(0.80%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1.70%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6.20%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherReconcilingItemsPercent', window );">Tax Adjustments and Other</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.20%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(0.10%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations', window );">Effective Income Tax Rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.20%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingProvisionalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Expense recorded with completion of SAB 118 analysis (2019) and Provisional benefit amount recorded related to re-measurement of net deferred tax liability (2018)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_EffectiveTaxRateExcludingImpactOfNonRecurringItemsFromTheTaxActAndForeignCourtDecisionAndTaxRateChange', window );">Estimated net impact of non-recurring items from Tax Act excluding non-recurring items</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxContingencyLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_TaxExpenseBenefitRelatedToExpirationOfStatuteOfLimitationsAndFavorableResolutionsOfTaxMattersWithTaxAuthorities', window );">Recorded tax benefits due to expiration of statute of limitations and favorable resolutions of certain tax matters with tax authorities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">U.S. Federal Statutory Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">21.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017TransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsHeldInCashEquivalentsAndCertainNetAssetsPercentage', window );">Repatriation tax rate on foreign earnings held in cash equivalents and certain net assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017TransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsHeldInOtherAssetsPercentage', window );">Repatriation tax rate on foreign earnings held in other assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingTransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsProvisionalIncomeTaxExpense', window );">Provisional tax expense related to mandatory deemed repatriation tax on foreign earnings</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxUncertaintiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncomeTaxPenaltiesAndInterestAccrued', window );">Accruals for interest and penalties</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesExpense', window );">Net interest expense on reserves for unrecognized and recognized tax benefits</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsThatWouldImpactEffectiveTaxRate', window );">Total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would reduce the Company's income tax provision</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsExcludingAmountsPertainingToExaminedTaxReturnsRollForward', window );"><strong>Reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits', window );">Tax benefit related to Foreign Derived Intangible Income benefit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,833<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,124<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions', window );">Additions for Current Year Tax Positions</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,473<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,372<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions', window );">Additions for Prior Year Tax Positions</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">414<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsDecreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions', window );">Reductions for Prior Year Tax Positions</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(578)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(38)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsDecreasesResultingFromForeignCurrencyTranslation', window );">Foreign Translation Adjustment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(42)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromForeignCurrencyTranslation', window );">Foreign Translation Adjustment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsDecreasesResultingFromSettlementsWithTaxingAuthorities', window );">Payments and Settlements</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(136)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(124)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsReductionsResultingFromLapseOfApplicableStatuteOfLimitations', window );">Reductions for Lapse of Statute of Limitations</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(305)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(615)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits', window );">Balance, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,833<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,659<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,833<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,124<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExaminationLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Examination [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement', window );">Income tax charge related to unfavorable tax settlement</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 49,029<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net Operating Losses</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,976<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,491<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,976<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsReturnsAndAllowances', window );">Reserve for Sales Returns and Doubtful Accounts</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,506<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,923<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,506<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation', window );">Accrued Employee Compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,096<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,528<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,096<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwards', window );">Foreign and Federal Credits</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,109<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,401<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,109<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities', window );">Other Accrued Expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,632<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,262<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,632<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsRetirementAndPostEmploymentBenefits', window );">Retirement and Post-Employment Benefits</a></td>
<td class="nump">39,160<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,653<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,160<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross', window );">Total Gross Deferred Tax Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">106,479<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">116,258<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">106,479<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Less Valuation Allowance</a></td>
<td class="num">(8,811)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,179)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,811)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet', window );">Total Deferred Tax Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">97,668<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">95,079<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">97,668<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPrepaidExpenses', window );">Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,203)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(744)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,203)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUndistributedForeignEarnings', window );">Unremitted Foreign Earnings</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,985)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,985)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,985)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesIntangibleAndFixedAssets', window );">Intangible and Fixed Assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(231,869)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(226,898)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(231,869)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities', window );">Total Deferred Tax Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(237,057)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(229,627)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(237,057)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities', window );">Net Deferred Tax Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(139,389)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(134,548)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(139,389)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesClassificationAbstract', window );"><strong>Reported As [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNetNoncurrent', window );">Non-current Deferred Tax Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,129<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,227<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,129<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent', window );">Non-current Deferred Tax Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(143,518)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(143,775)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(143,518)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities', window );">Net Deferred Tax Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (139,389)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (134,548)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (139,389)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_HerMajestysRevenueAndCustomsHMRCMember', window );">U.K. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxContingencyLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRate', window );">Foreign statutory tax rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRateYearThree', window );">Foreign statutory tax rate in 2020</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAdjustmentOfDeferredTaxAssetLiability', window );">Tax benefit from the re-measurement legislation enacted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,600)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DeferredTaxBenefitsPerShareAssociatedWithEnactedChangesInTaxLaws', window );">Deferred tax benefits associated with new tax legislation enacted (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.04<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=country_DE', window );">Germany [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxContingencyLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRate', window );">Foreign statutory tax rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=country_AU', window );">Australia [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxContingencyLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRate', window );">Foreign statutory tax rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis=us-gaap_ForeignCountryMember', window );">Foreign Tax Authority [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperationsTaxRateReconciliationAbstract', window );"><strong>Effective income tax rate reconciliation [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">U.S. Federal Statutory Rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13.125%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">U.S. Federal Statutory Rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13.125%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingTransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsProvisionalLiability', window );">Estimated taxes upon repatriation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsExcludingAmountsPertainingToExaminedTaxReturnsRollForward', window );"><strong>Reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits', window );">Balance, end of period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExaminationLineItems', window );"><strong>Income Tax Examination [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement', window );">Income tax charge related to unfavorable tax settlement</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 49,029<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlementPerShare', window );">Income tax charge related to unfavorable tax settlement (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.85<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis=us-gaap_StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember', window );">State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net operating loss carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">99,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTaxEffect', window );">Net operating loss carry forwards, tax effect</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis=us-gaap_StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember', window );">State and Local Jurisdiction [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationPeriod', window );">Net operating loss carry forwards, expiration period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis=us-gaap_StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember', window );">State and Local Jurisdiction [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationPeriod', window );">Net operating loss carry forwards, expiration period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">20 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsRetirementAndPostEmploymentBenefits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The tax effect as of the balance sheet date of the amount of estimated future tax deductions arising from postretirement and post-employment benefits, which can only be deducted for tax purposes when actual costs are incurred, and which can only be realized if sufficient tax-basis income is generated in future periods to enable the deduction to be taken.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsRetirementAndPostEmploymentBenefits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_DeferredTaxBenefitsPerShareAssociatedWithEnactedChangesInTaxLaws">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the deferred tax benefits per share associated with enacted changes in tax laws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_DeferredTaxBenefitsPerShareAssociatedWithEnactedChangesInTaxLaws</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesIntangibleAndFixedAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable temporary differences from intangible and fixed assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesIntangibleAndFixedAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLitigationExpensePercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to tax litigation expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLitigationExpensePercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017Percent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of reported income tax expense (benefit) in excess of (less than) expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying domestic federal statutory income tax rate to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations, attributable to increase (decrease) in income tax rate and transition tax on accumulated earnings of controlled foreign corporation deemed repatriated pursuant to Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017Percent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_EffectiveTaxRateExcludingImpactOfNonRecurringItemsFromTheTaxActAndForeignCourtDecisionAndTaxRateChange">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations, excluding the impact of non-recurring items from the Tax Act and the foreign court decision and tax rate change.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_EffectiveTaxRateExcludingImpactOfNonRecurringItemsFromTheTaxActAndForeignCourtDecisionAndTaxRateChange</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of foreign statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRateYearThree">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of foreign statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss) during the fourth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ForeignStatutoryTaxRateYearThree</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_IncomeTaxDisclosureLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the income tax expense related to unfavorable tax settlement due to unfavorable decision from tax jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlementPerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the per share amount of income tax expense related to unfavorable tax settlement due to unfavorable decision from tax jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_IncomeTaxExpenseRelatedToUnfavorableTaxSettlementPerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Refers to the expiration period of the operating loss carryforwards, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTaxEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The tax effected amount of the operating loss carryforward, available to reduce future taxable income under enacted tax laws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTaxEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingProvisionalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of reasonable estimate for income tax expense (benefit) from effect of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 for which accounting for tax effect is incomplete.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingProvisionalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingTransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsProvisionalIncomeTaxExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of reasonable estimate for income tax expense from transition tax on accumulated earnings of controlled foreign corporation deemed repatriated pursuant to Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 for which accounting for tax effect is incomplete.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingTransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsProvisionalIncomeTaxExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingTransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsProvisionalLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of reasonable estimate for tax liability from transition tax on accumulated earnings of controlled foreign corporation deemed repatriated pursuant to Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 for which accounting for tax effect is incomplete.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingTransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsProvisionalLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017TransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsHeldInCashEquivalentsAndCertainNetAssetsPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of income tax from transition tax on accumulated earnings held in cash equivalents and certain net assets of controlled foreign corporation deemed repatriated pursuant to Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017TransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsHeldInCashEquivalentsAndCertainNetAssetsPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017TransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsHeldInOtherAssetsPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of income tax from transition tax on accumulated earnings held in other assets of controlled foreign corporation deemed repatriated pursuant to Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017TransitionTaxForAccumulatedForeignEarningsHeldInOtherAssetsPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_TaxExpenseBenefitRelatedToExpirationOfStatuteOfLimitationsAndFavorableResolutionsOfTaxMattersWithTaxAuthorities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Refers to tax expense (benefit) related to the expiration of the statute of limitations and favorable resolutions of certain federal, state and foreign tax matters with tax authorities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_TaxExpenseBenefitRelatedToExpirationOfStatuteOfLimitationsAndFavorableResolutionsOfTaxMattersWithTaxAuthorities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current federal tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current foreign income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current state and local tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred federal income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred foreign income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable temporary differences.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(26)(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(15)(b)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(15)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(26)(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred state and local tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b),(c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNetNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e31928-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e31958-109318<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e31917-109318<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e31931-109318<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNetNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115928272&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of a valuation allowances, of deferred tax assets attributable to deductible tax credit carryforwards including, but not limited to, research, foreign, general business, alternative minimum tax, and other deductible tax credit carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from employee compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115928272&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from accrued liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115928272&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsReturnsAndAllowances">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from estimated returns and sales allowances.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115928272&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsReturnsAndAllowances</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences without jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e31931-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesClassificationAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesClassificationAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross amount of noncurrent deferred tax liabilities, which result from applying the applicable tax rate to taxable temporary differences pertaining to each jurisdiction to which the entity is obligated to pay income tax.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e31917-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesGrossNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPrepaidExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax consequences attributable to taxable temporary differences derived from prepaid expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPrepaidExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUndistributedForeignEarnings">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable temporary differences from undistributed earnings of subsidiaries and other recognized entities not within the country of domicile of the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115928272&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUndistributedForeignEarnings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperationsTaxRateReconciliationAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperationsTaxRateReconciliationAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to changes in the income tax rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to statutory income tax expense (benefit) outside of the country of domicile.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherReconcilingItemsPercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference, between reported income tax expense (benefit) and the expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations, that is attributable to tax exempt income, equity in earnings (loss) of an unconsolidated subsidiary, minority interest income (expense), tax holiday, disposition of a business, disposition of an asset, repatriation of foreign earnings, repatriation of foreign earnings jobs creation act of 2004, change in enacted tax rate, prior year income taxes, change in deferred tax asset valuation allowance, and other adjustments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherReconcilingItemsPercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to state and local income tax expense (benefit), net of federal tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCredits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to tax credits. Including, but not limited to, research credit, foreign tax credit, investment tax credit, and other tax credits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCredits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of earnings or loss from continuing operations before income taxes that is attributable to domestic operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of earnings or loss from continuing operations before income taxes that is attributable to foreign operations, which is defined as Income or Loss generated from operations located outside the entity's country of domicile.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations before deduction of income tax expense (benefit) and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest, and addition of income (loss) from equity method investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestmentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestmentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxContingencyLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxContingencyLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExaminationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExaminationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115929826&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109238882&amp;loc=d3e38679-109324<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAdjustmentOfDeferredTaxAssetLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations attributable to an adjustment of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAdjustmentOfDeferredTaxAssetLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxUncertaintiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxUncertaintiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward, before tax effects, available to reduce future taxable income under enacted tax laws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsExcludingAmountsPertainingToExaminedTaxReturnsRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReconciliationOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsExcludingAmountsPertainingToExaminedTaxReturnsRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrecognized tax benefits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10B<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=SL37586934-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=SL6600010-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsDecreasesResultingFromForeignCurrencyTranslation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease in unrecognized tax benefits resulting from foreign currency translation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=SL6600010-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsDecreasesResultingFromForeignCurrencyTranslation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsDecreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease in unrecognized tax benefits resulting from tax positions taken in prior period tax returns.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=SL6600010-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsDecreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsDecreasesResultingFromSettlementsWithTaxingAuthorities">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease in unrecognized tax benefits resulting from settlements with taxing authorities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=SL6600010-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsDecreasesResultingFromSettlementsWithTaxingAuthorities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount accrued for interest on an underpayment of income taxes and penalties related to a tax position claimed or expected to be claimed in the tax return.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32718-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncomeTaxPenaltiesAndInterestAccrued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in unrecognized tax benefits resulting from tax positions that have been or will be taken in current period tax return.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=SL6600010-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromCurrentPeriodTaxPositions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromForeignCurrencyTranslation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in unrecognized tax benefits resulting from foreign currency translation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=SL6600010-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromForeignCurrencyTranslation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in unrecognized tax benefits resulting from tax positions taken in prior period tax returns.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=SL6600010-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsIncreasesResultingFromPriorPeriodTaxPositions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense for an underpayment of income taxes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32718-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsInterestOnIncomeTaxesExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsReductionsResultingFromLapseOfApplicableStatuteOfLimitations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease in unrecognized tax benefits resulting from lapses of applicable statutes of limitations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=SL6600010-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsReductionsResultingFromLapseOfApplicableStatuteOfLimitations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsThatWouldImpactEffectiveTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=SL6600010-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefitsThatWouldImpactEffectiveTaxRate</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_HerMajestysRevenueAndCustomsHMRCMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_HerMajestysRevenueAndCustomsHMRCMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=country_AU</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6883941392">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Debt and Available Credit Facilities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember', window );">Revolving Credit Facility [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCredit', window );">Outstanding borrowings under revolving credit facilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 478.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 360.0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Amount of financing available under credit facilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,100.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity', window );">Unused lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 600.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod', window );">Weighted average interest rate on total debt outstanding during the period</a></td>
<td class="nump">2.69%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.44%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtWeightedAverageInterestRate', window );">Weighted average interest rate on total debt at period end</a></td>
<td class="nump">2.88%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.58%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember', window );">Syndicate Bank Group led by Bank of America [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Amount of financing available under credit facilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,100.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1', window );">Line of credit facility, due date</a></td>
<td class="text">Mar.  01,  2021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Term of credit facility</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest', window );">Optional credit limit increase available on request</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 350.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested', window );">Minimum increments in which optional credit limit increase may be requested</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 50.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember', window );">Syndicate Bank Group led by Bank of America [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCommitmentFeePercentage', window );">Line of credit facility fee percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.15%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember', window );">Syndicate Bank Group led by Bank of America [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCommitmentFeePercentage', window );">Line of credit facility fee percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.25%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember', window );">Syndicate Bank Group led by Bank of America [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | LIBOR [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin', window );">Applicable margin</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.98%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember', window );">Syndicate Bank Group led by Bank of America [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | LIBOR [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin', window );">Applicable margin</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember', window );">Syndicate Bank Group led by Bank of America [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Base Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin', window );">Applicable margin</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember', window );">Syndicate Bank Group led by Bank of America [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Base Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin', window );">Applicable margin</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.45%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember', window );">Syndicate Bank Group led by Bank of America [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Federal Funds Effective Rate [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate', window );">Margin rate over reference rate used in determining base rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember', window );">Syndicate Bank Group led by Bank of America [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Eurocurrency Rate [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate', window );">Margin rate over reference rate used in determining base rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember', window );">Other Credit Facilities [Member] | Line of Credit [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCredit', window );">Outstanding borrowings under revolving credit facilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Amount of financing available under credit facilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.7<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage points added to compute the variable rate on the debt instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_DebtInstrumentApplicableMargin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Margin rate over reference rate used to calculate the lenders base rate.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_DebtInstrumentMarginOnReferenceRateUsedInDeterminingBaseRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The minimum incremental amount by which the entity may request an optional increase to the maximum borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_MinimumIncrementsInWhichOptionalCreditLimitIncreasesMayBeRequested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount by which the entity may request an optional increase to the maximum borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility. This may consist of one request or several requests in minimum increments as specified under the revolving credit agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_OptionalCreditLimitIncreaseAvailableOnRequest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average effective interest rate during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114775744&amp;loc=d3e28551-108399<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22(a)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period of time between issuance and maturity of debt instrument, in PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtWeightedAverageInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average interest rate of debt outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtWeightedAverageInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the current and noncurrent portions of long-term obligations drawn from a line of credit, which is a bank's commitment to make loans up to a specific amount. Examples of items that might be included in the application of this element may consist of letters of credit, standby letters of credit, and revolving credit arrangements, under which borrowings can be made up to a maximum amount as of any point in time conditional on satisfaction of specified terms before, as of and after the date of drawdowns on the line. Includes short-term obligations that would normally be classified as current liabilities but for which (a) postbalance sheet date issuance of a long term obligation to refinance the short term obligation on a long term basis, or (b) the enterprise has entered into a financing agreement that clearly permits the enterprise to refinance the short-term obligation on a long term basis and the following conditions are met (1) the agreement does not expire within 1 year and is not cancelable by the lender except for violation of an objectively determinable provision, (2) no violation exists at the BS date, and (3) the lender has entered into the financing agreement is expected to be financially capable of honoring the agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(16))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCommitmentFeePercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The fee, expressed as a percentage of the line of credit facility, for the line of credit facility regardless of whether the facility has been used.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCommitmentFeePercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the credit facility terminates, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityExpirationDate1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit facility without consideration of any current restrictions on the amount that could be borrowed or the amounts currently outstanding under the facility.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of borrowing capacity currently available under the credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_SyndicateBankGroupMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VariableRateAxis=us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VariableRateAxis=us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VariableRateAxis=us-gaap_BaseRateMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VariableRateAxis=us-gaap_BaseRateMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VariableRateAxis=us-gaap_FederalFundsEffectiveSwapRateMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VariableRateAxis=us-gaap_FederalFundsEffectiveSwapRateMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VariableRateAxis=us-gaap_EurodollarMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VariableRateAxis=us-gaap_EurodollarMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=jwa_OtherCreditFacilitiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_LineOfCreditMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_LineOfCreditMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>97
<FILENAME>R72.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6869270112">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Derivative Instruments and Activities (Details)<br> &#8364; in Millions, &#163; in Millions, $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2018 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2017 </div>
<div>GBP (&#163;) </div>
<div>Contract</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2017 </div>
<div>EUR (&#8364;) </div>
<div>Contract</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems', window );"><strong>Derivative [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount', window );">Variable rate loans outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 478.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=us-gaap_InterestRateSwapMember', window );">Interest Rate Swaps [Member] | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Cash Flow Hedging [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems', window );"><strong>Derivative [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet', window );">Unrecognized gains to be reclassified into net income in the next twelve months</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=us-gaap_InterestRateSwapMember', window );">Interest Rate Swaps [Member] | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Cash Flow Hedging [Member] | Interest Expense [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems', window );"><strong>Derivative [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet', window );">Net (gains) losses reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(4.7)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1.5)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=us-gaap_InterestRateSwapMember', window );">Interest Rate Swaps [Member] | Recurring [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Cash Flow Hedging [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems', window );"><strong>Derivative [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeAssets', window );">Assets fair value of derivative instrument</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=us-gaap_InterestRateSwapMember', window );">Interest Rate Swaps [Member] | April 2016 Interest Rate Swap (Variable Rate Loans) [Member] | LIBOR [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems', window );"><strong>Derivative [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInceptionDates', window );">Inception date</a></td>
<td class="text">Apr.  04,  2016<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeSwaptionInterestRate', window );">Fixed interest rate to be paid</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.92%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentDescriptionOfVariableRateBasis', window );">Description of variable rate basis</a></td>
<td class="text">one-month LIBOR<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate', window );">Term of variable rate</a></td>
<td class="text">1 month<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeTermOfContract', window );">Term of derivative instrument</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeMaturityDates', window );">Expiration date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 15,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLiabilityNotionalAmount', window );">Notional amount of derivative liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 350.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=us-gaap_ForeignExchangeForwardMember', window );">Forward Exchange Contracts [Member] | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems', window );"><strong>Derivative [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeNumberOfInstrumentsHeld', window );">Number of open derivative contracts held | Contract</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLiabilityNotionalAmount', window );">Notional amount of derivative liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#163; 274<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">&#8364; 31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=us-gaap_ForeignExchangeForwardMember', window );">Forward Exchange Contracts [Member] | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Foreign Exchange Transaction Gains (Losses) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems', window );"><strong>Derivative [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativeGainLossOnDerivativeNet', window );">Gains recognized on derivative instruments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 59.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Term of the interest rate that fluctuates over time based on an underlying benchmark interest rate or index, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_DebtInstrumentTermOfVariableRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentDescriptionOfVariableRateBasis">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The reference rate for the variable rate of the debt instrument, such as LIBOR or the US Treasury rate and the maturity of the reference rate used, such as three months or six months LIBOR.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentDescriptionOfVariableRateBasis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value, after the effects of master netting arrangements, of a financial asset or other contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset. Includes assets not subject to a master netting arrangement and not elected to be offset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99393222&amp;loc=SL20226008-175313<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109250915&amp;loc=d3e13433-108611<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51824906&amp;loc=SL20225862-175312<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeGainLossOnDerivativeNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in the fair value of derivatives recognized in the income statement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4A<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109980867&amp;loc=SL5618551-113959<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeGainLossOnDerivativeNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInceptionDates">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the entity entered into the derivative contract, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeInceptionDates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The effective portion of net gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as hedging instruments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4D<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109980867&amp;loc=SL5624177-113959<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4C<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109980867&amp;loc=SL5624171-113959<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLiabilityNotionalAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Nominal or face amount used to calculate payments on the derivative liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109980867&amp;loc=SL5579245-113959<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109980867&amp;loc=SL5580258-113959<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109980867&amp;loc=SL5579245-113959<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeLiabilityNotionalAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeMaturityDates">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the derivative contract matures, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeMaturityDates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeNumberOfInstrumentsHeld">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of derivative instruments of a particular group held by the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109980867&amp;loc=SL5579245-113959<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109980867&amp;loc=SL5580258-113959<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeNumberOfInstrumentsHeld</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeSwaptionInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fixed interest rate that will be received or paid upon exercise of the interest rate swaption contract.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeSwaptionInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeTermOfContract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period the derivative contract is outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeTermOfContract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated net amount of unrealized gains or losses on interest rate cash flow hedges as of the balance sheet date expected to be reclassified to earnings within the next twelve months.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112277219&amp;loc=d3e80748-113994<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of the carrying amount of long-term borrowings outstanding as of the balance sheet date, including current maturities, which accrues interest at a rate subject to change from time to time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongtermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=us-gaap_InterestRateSwapMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=us-gaap_InterestRateSwapMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis=us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis=us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember</td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipAxis=us-gaap_CashFlowHedgingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossByHedgingRelationshipAxis=us-gaap_CashFlowHedgingMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_InterestExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_InterestExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember</td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis=jwa_April2016InterestRateSwapVariableRateLoansMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VariableRateAxis=us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VariableRateAxis=us-gaap_LondonInterbankOfferedRateLIBORMember</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=us-gaap_ForeignExchangeForwardMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis=us-gaap_ForeignExchangeForwardMember</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis=us-gaap_NondesignatedMember</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyGainLossMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyGainLossMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>98
<FILENAME>R73.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6988717600">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitment and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>Composition of rent expense [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseMinimumRentals', window );">Minimum Rental</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 29,066<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 31,451<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,464<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1', window );">Less: Sublease Rentals</a></td>
<td class="num">(719)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(708)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(626)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,347<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,743<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 34,838<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract', window );"><strong>Estimated future minimum annual rental commitments under non-cancelable real and personal property leases [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent', window );">2020</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,887<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears', window );">2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">27,326<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears', window );">2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,183<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears', window );">2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,257<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears', window );">2024</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,576<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter', window );">Thereafter</a></td>
<td class="nump">129,382<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 248,611<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable letter-terms in excess of one year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the next fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the fifth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the fourth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the third fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the second fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due after the fifth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueThereafter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseMinimumRentals">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This element represents the payments that the lessee is obligated to make or can be required to make in connection with a property under the terms of an agreement classified as an operating lease, excluding contingent rentals and a guarantee by the lessee of the lessor's debt and the lessee's obligation to pay (apart from the rental payments) executory costs such as insurance, maintenance, and taxes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41499-112717<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77910348&amp;loc=d3e34039-112682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseMinimumRentals</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Rental expense for the reporting period incurred under operating leases, including minimum and any contingent rent expense, net of related sublease income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41499-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of sublease rental income recognized during the period that reduces the entity's rent expense incurred under operating leases.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesRentExpenseSubleaseRentals1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6883848080">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Retirement Plans, Recent Plan Curtailments (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans', window );">Employee retirement age limit under retirement plans</a></td>
<td class="text">65 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeAxis=us-gaap_SupplementalEmployeeRetirementPlanDefinedBenefitMember', window );">Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits', window );">Term of supplemental retirement benefits</a></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Refers to the employee retirement age limit under retirement plans based on length of service and compensation, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_EmployeeRetirementAgeLimitUnderRetirementPlans</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The period of time subsequent to termination of employment during which the company provides for the payment of supplemental retirement benefits for certain officers and senior management, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_TermOfSupplementalRetirementBenefits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeAxis=us-gaap_SupplementalEmployeeRetirementPlanDefinedBenefitMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeAxis=us-gaap_SupplementalEmployeeRetirementPlanDefinedBenefitMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>100
<FILENAME>R75.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6885795088">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Retirement Plans, Components of Net Pension Expense (Income) and Weighted-Average Assumptions (Details)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 29, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>Participant</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Oct. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2018 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedInCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted-average assumptions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PensionSettlementExpense', window );">Net actuarial loss related to early lump sum payment of pension plan benefit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,842<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Retirement plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateProjectedBenefitObligation', window );">Projected benefit obligation for plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">794,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">820,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateAccumulatedBenefitObligation', window );">Accumulated benefit obligation for plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">762,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">787,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair value of plan assets for plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">621,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">624,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US', window );">U.S. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCostAbstract', window );"><strong>Defined benefit plans, net pension expense (income) [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost', window );">Service Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInterestCost', window );">Interest Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,704<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,666<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,398<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedReturnOnPlanAssets', window );">Expected Return on Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,472)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,154)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,053)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCredit', window );">Net Amortization of Prior Service Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(154)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(154)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(154)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmortizationOfGainsLosses', window );">Recognized Net Actuarial Loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,035<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,289<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,622<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanRecognizedNetGainLossDueToSettlementsAndCurtailments1', window );">Curtailment/Settlement Loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,842<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Net Pension Expense (Income)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 113<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 647<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,655<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedInCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted-average assumptions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostDiscountRate', window );">Discount Rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4.30%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostRateOfCompensationIncrease', window );">Rate of Compensation Increase</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostExpectedLongTermReturnOnAssets', window );">Expected Return on Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.80%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_NumberOfEligibleParticipants', window );">Number of eligible participants | Participant</a></td>
<td class="nump">780<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DefinedBenefitPensionPlanLiabilityForEarlyPaymentOfPensionPlanBenefitInSingleLumpSum', window );">Total liability for early payment of pension plan benefit in a single lump sum payment</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 28,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitsPaidForEarlyLumpSumPayment', window );">Lump sum payment for early payment of pension plan benefit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 28,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PensionSettlementExpense', window );">Net actuarial loss related to early lump sum payment of pension plan benefit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,800<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Retirement plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateProjectedBenefitObligation', window );">Projected benefit obligation for plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 285,197<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 279,644<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCostAbstract', window );"><strong>Defined benefit plans, net pension expense (income) [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost', window );">Service Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">912<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">960<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">967<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInterestCost', window );">Interest Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,943<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,876<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,449<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedReturnOnPlanAssets', window );">Expected Return on Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(25,551)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(26,385)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,173)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCredit', window );">Net Amortization of Prior Service Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">54<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmortizationOfGainsLosses', window );">Recognized Net Actuarial Loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,746<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,832<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,553<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanRecognizedNetGainLossDueToSettlementsAndCurtailments1', window );">Curtailment/Settlement Loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Net Pension Expense (Income)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,893)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,641)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,150)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedInCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted-average assumptions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostDiscountRate', window );">Discount Rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.60%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.60%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.50%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostRateOfCompensationIncrease', window );">Rate of Compensation Increase</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostExpectedLongTermReturnOnAssets', window );">Expected Return on Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.70%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Retirement plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateProjectedBenefitObligation', window );">Projected benefit obligation for plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 477,561<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 507,932<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_DefinedBenefitPensionPlanLiabilityForEarlyPaymentOfPensionPlanBenefitInSingleLumpSum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This represents the liability for early payment of pension plan benefit in a single lump sum payment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_DefinedBenefitPensionPlanLiabilityForEarlyPaymentOfPensionPlanBenefitInSingleLumpSum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitsPaidForEarlyLumpSumPayment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of payments for early lump sum payment made for which eligible participants are entitled under a pension plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitsPaidForEarlyLumpSumPayment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_NumberOfEligibleParticipants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Refers to eligible participants who made the election to receive the lump sum amount which was paid from Pension Plan assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_NumberOfEligibleParticipants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_PensionSettlementExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of pension benefit costs recognized during the period for one-time non-cash charge for settlement of a portion of a defined benefit pension plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_PensionSettlementExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmortizationOfGainsLosses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) recognized in net periodic benefit (cost) credit of defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)(4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2709-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmortizationOfGainsLosses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of prior service cost (credit) recognized in net periodic benefit cost (credit) of defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)(5)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(5)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2709-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostDiscountRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average rate for present value of future retirement benefits cash flows, used to determine net periodic benefit cost of defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (k)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostDiscountRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostExpectedLongTermReturnOnAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average rate of return on plan assets, reflecting average rate of earnings expected on existing plan assets and expected contributions, used to determine net periodic benefit cost of defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (k)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostExpectedLongTermReturnOnAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostRateOfCompensationIncrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average rate of compensation increase used to determine net periodic benefit cost of defined benefit plan. Plan includes, but is not limited to, pay-related defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (k)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostRateOfCompensationIncrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedReturnOnPlanAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expected return (loss) recognized in net periodic benefit (cost) credit, calculated based on expected long-term rate of return and market-related value of plan assets of defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2709-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedReturnOnPlanAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInterestCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost recognized for passage of time related to defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2709-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInterestCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of net periodic benefit cost (credit) for defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2709-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCostAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCostAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAbstract</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateAccumulatedBenefitObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated benefit obligation for defined benefit plan with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2417-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2417-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateAccumulatedBenefitObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateFairValueOfPlanAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of plan asset for defined benefit plan with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2417-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2417-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateFairValueOfPlanAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateProjectedBenefitObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of projected benefit obligation for defined benefit pension plan with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2417-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateProjectedBenefitObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanRecognizedNetGainLossDueToSettlementsAndCurtailments1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) recognized in net periodic benefit (cost) credit from settlement and curtailment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)(7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2709-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanRecognizedNetGainLossDueToSettlementsAndCurtailments1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost for actuarial present value of benefits attributed to service rendered by employee for defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2709-114920<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedInCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedInCalculatingNetPeriodicBenefitCostAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860697088">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Retirement Plans, Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Be Recognized During Next Fiscal Year (Details)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsThatWillBeAmortizedFromAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossInNextFiscalYearAbstract', window );"><strong>Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to be recognized in next fiscal year [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfGainLossNextFiscalYear', window );">Actuarial Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,481<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCreditNextFiscalYear', window );">Prior Service Cost</a></td>
<td class="num">(72)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationNextFiscalYear', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,409<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US', window );">U.S. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsThatWillBeAmortizedFromAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossInNextFiscalYearAbstract', window );"><strong>Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to be recognized in next fiscal year [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfGainLossNextFiscalYear', window );">Actuarial Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,390<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCreditNextFiscalYear', window );">Prior Service Cost</a></td>
<td class="num">(154)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationNextFiscalYear', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,236<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsThatWillBeAmortizedFromAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossInNextFiscalYearAbstract', window );"><strong>Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to be recognized in next fiscal year [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfGainLossNextFiscalYear', window );">Actuarial Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,091<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCreditNextFiscalYear', window );">Prior Service Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">82<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationNextFiscalYear', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,173<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsThatWillBeAmortizedFromAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossInNextFiscalYearAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsThatWillBeAmortizedFromAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossInNextFiscalYearAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationNextFiscalYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost (credit) included in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss expected to be recognized in net periodic benefit cost (credit) for fiscal year following most recent annual statement of financial position.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (s)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationNextFiscalYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfGainLossNextFiscalYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for gain (loss) of defined benefit plan expected to be recognized in net periodic benefit (cost) credit for fiscal year following most recent annual statement of financial position.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (s)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfGainLossNextFiscalYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCreditNextFiscalYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount included in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss for prior service cost (credit) expected to be recognized in net periodic benefit cost (credit) for fiscal year following most recent annual statement of financial position.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (s)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCreditNextFiscalYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>102
<FILENAME>R77.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6870077200">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Retirement Plans, Changes in and Status of Defined Benefit Plans' Assets and Benefit Obligations (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanChangeInFairValueOfPlanAssetsRollForward', window );"><strong>CHANGE IN PLAN ASSETS [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets, Beginning of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 624,431<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value, End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">621,877<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 624,431<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedInCalculatingBenefitObligationAbstract', window );"><strong>WEIGHTED AVERAGE ASSUMPTIONS USED IN DETERMINING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateProjectedBenefitObligation', window );">Accumulated Benefit Obligations</a></td>
<td class="num">(794,200)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(820,400)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US', window );">U.S. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanChangeInFairValueOfPlanAssetsRollForward', window );"><strong>CHANGE IN PLAN ASSETS [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets, Beginning of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">204,983<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanActualReturnOnPlanAssets', window );">Actual Return on Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,705<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,352<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanContributionsByEmployer', window );">Employer Contributions</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,753<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,020<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsContributionsByPlanParticipant', window );">Employee Contributions</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanSettlementsPlanAssets', window );">Settlements</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsBenefitsPaid', window );">Benefits Paid</a></td>
<td class="num">(15,813)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,390)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss', window );">Foreign Currency Rate Changes</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value, End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">213,628<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">204,983<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanChangeInBenefitObligationRollForward', window );"><strong>CHANGE IN PROJECTED BENEFIT OBLIGATION [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligation', window );">Benefit Obligation, Beginning of Year</a></td>
<td class="num">(279,644)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(290,785)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost', window );">Service Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInterestCost', window );">Interest Cost</a></td>
<td class="num">(11,704)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,666)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(12,398)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanActuarialGainLoss', window );">Actuarial Gains (Losses)</a></td>
<td class="num">(9,662)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,417<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligationBenefitsPaid', window );">Benefits Paid</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,813<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,390<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanForeignCurrencyExchangeRateChangesBenefitObligation', window );">Foreign Currency Rate Changes</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanSettlementsBenefitObligation', window );">Settlements and Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligation', window );">Benefit Obligation, End of Year</a></td>
<td class="num">(285,197)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(279,644)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(290,785)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedStatusOfPlan', window );">Underfunded Status, End of Year</a></td>
<td class="num">(71,569)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(74,661)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInBalanceSheetAbstract', window );"><strong>AMOUNTS RECOGNIZED ON THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementDefinedBenefitPlansCurrentLiabilities', window );">Current Pension Liability</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,188)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,818)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementDefinedBenefitPlansLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Noncurrent Pension Liability</a></td>
<td class="num">(66,381)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(69,843)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInBalanceSheet', window );">Net Amount Recognized in Statement of Financial Position</a></td>
<td class="num">(71,569)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(74,661)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeBeforeTaxAbstract', window );"><strong>AMOUNTS RECOGNIZED IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (BEFORE TAX) CONSIST OF [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeNetGainsLossesBeforeTax', window );">Net Actuarial (Losses)</a></td>
<td class="num">(94,028)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(82,636)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeNetPriorServiceCostCreditBeforeTax', window );">Prior Service Cost Gains (Losses)</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,408<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,562<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeBeforeTax', window );">Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(91,620)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(80,074)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansAdjustmentBeforeTax', window );">Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (11,546)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,749<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedInCalculatingBenefitObligationAbstract', window );"><strong>WEIGHTED AVERAGE ASSUMPTIONS USED IN DETERMINING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingBenefitObligationDiscountRate', window );">Discount Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">4.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4.30%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingBenefitObligationRateOfCompensationIncrease', window );">Rate of Compensation Increase</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateProjectedBenefitObligation', window );">Accumulated Benefit Obligations</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (285,197)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (279,644)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanChangeInFairValueOfPlanAssetsRollForward', window );"><strong>CHANGE IN PLAN ASSETS [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets, Beginning of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">419,448<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">390,133<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanActualReturnOnPlanAssets', window );">Actual Return on Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">24,891<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,780<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanContributionsByEmployer', window );">Employer Contributions</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,872<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,385<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsContributionsByPlanParticipant', window );">Employee Contributions</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanSettlementsPlanAssets', window );">Settlements</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(239)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsBenefitsPaid', window );">Benefits Paid</a></td>
<td class="num">(16,282)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,909)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss', window );">Foreign Currency Rate Changes</a></td>
<td class="num">(31,680)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,298<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value, End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">408,249<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">419,448<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">390,133<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanChangeInBenefitObligationRollForward', window );"><strong>CHANGE IN PROJECTED BENEFIT OBLIGATION [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligation', window );">Benefit Obligation, Beginning of Year</a></td>
<td class="num">(540,686)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(519,588)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost', window );">Service Cost</a></td>
<td class="num">(912)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(960)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(967)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInterestCost', window );">Interest Cost</a></td>
<td class="num">(12,943)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,876)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,449)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanActuarialGainLoss', window );">Actuarial Gains (Losses)</a></td>
<td class="num">(11,013)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,528<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligationBenefitsPaid', window );">Benefits Paid</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,282<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,909<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanForeignCurrencyExchangeRateChangesBenefitObligation', window );">Foreign Currency Rate Changes</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,143<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(45,938)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanSettlementsBenefitObligation', window );">Settlements and Other</a></td>
<td class="num">(886)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">239<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligation', window );">Benefit Obligation, End of Year</a></td>
<td class="num">(509,015)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(540,686)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (519,588)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedStatusOfPlan', window );">Underfunded Status, End of Year</a></td>
<td class="num">(100,766)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(121,238)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInBalanceSheetAbstract', window );"><strong>AMOUNTS RECOGNIZED ON THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementDefinedBenefitPlansCurrentLiabilities', window );">Current Pension Liability</a></td>
<td class="num">(816)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(780)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementDefinedBenefitPlansLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Noncurrent Pension Liability</a></td>
<td class="num">(99,950)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(120,458)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInBalanceSheet', window );">Net Amount Recognized in Statement of Financial Position</a></td>
<td class="num">(100,766)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(121,238)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeBeforeTaxAbstract', window );"><strong>AMOUNTS RECOGNIZED IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (BEFORE TAX) CONSIST OF [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeNetGainsLossesBeforeTax', window );">Net Actuarial (Losses)</a></td>
<td class="num">(177,157)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(183,316)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeNetPriorServiceCostCreditBeforeTax', window );">Prior Service Cost Gains (Losses)</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,154)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(441)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeBeforeTax', window );">Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(178,311)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(183,757)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansAdjustmentBeforeTax', window );">Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,446<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,708)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedInCalculatingBenefitObligationAbstract', window );"><strong>WEIGHTED AVERAGE ASSUMPTIONS USED IN DETERMINING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingBenefitObligationDiscountRate', window );">Discount Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">2.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.60%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingBenefitObligationRateOfCompensationIncrease', window );">Rate of Compensation Increase</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateProjectedBenefitObligation', window );">Accumulated Benefit Obligations</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (477,561)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (507,932)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss for defined benefit plan, that has not been recognized in net periodic benefit cost (credit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (i-k)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeBeforeTaxAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeBeforeTaxAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeNetGainsLossesBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for gain (loss) of defined benefit plan, that has not been recognized in net periodic benefit (cost) credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (j)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeNetGainsLossesBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeNetPriorServiceCostCreditBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss for cost (credit) of benefit change attributable to participants' prior service from plan amendment or plan initiation of defined benefit plan, that has not been recognized in net periodic benefit cost (credit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (j)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeNetPriorServiceCostCreditBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanActualReturnOnPlanAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in plan assets of defined benefit plan from actual return (loss) determined by change in fair value of plan assets adjusted for contributions, benefit payments, and other expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanActualReturnOnPlanAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanActuarialGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) from change in actuarial assumptions which (increases) decreases benefit obligation of defined benefit plan. Assumptions include, but are not limited to, interest, mortality, employee turnover, salary, and temporary deviation from substantive plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)(4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanActuarialGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInBalanceSheet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset (liability), recognized in statement of financial position, for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109237824&amp;loc=d3e1703-114919<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInBalanceSheet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInBalanceSheetAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInBalanceSheetAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingBenefitObligationDiscountRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average rate for present value of future retirement benefits cash flows, used to determine benefit obligation of defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (k)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingBenefitObligationDiscountRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingBenefitObligationRateOfCompensationIncrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average rate increase of compensation, used to determine benefit obligation of defined benefit plan. Plan includes, but is not limited to, pay-related defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (k)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssumptionsUsedCalculatingBenefitObligationRateOfCompensationIncrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of actuarial present value of benefits attributed to service rendered by employee for defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligationBenefitsPaid">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of payment to participant of defined benefit plan which decreases benefit obligation. For pension plan, payment includes, but is not limited to, pension benefits and death benefits. For other postretirement plan, payment includes, but is not limited to, prescription drug benefits, health care benefits, life insurance benefits, and legal, educational and advisory services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)(6)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6414203&amp;loc=d3e39716-114964<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanBenefitObligationBenefitsPaid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanChangeInBenefitObligationRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanChangeInBenefitObligationRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanChangeInFairValueOfPlanAssetsRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanChangeInFairValueOfPlanAssetsRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanContributionsByEmployer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of contribution received by defined benefit plan from employer which increases plan assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)(iv)(01)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2709-114920<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanContributionsByEmployer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset segregated and restricted to provide benefit under defined benefit plan. Asset includes, but is not limited to, stock, bond, other investment, earning from investment, and contribution by employer and employee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)(iv)(01)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)(iv)(01)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanForeignCurrencyExchangeRateChangesBenefitObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of foreign currency translation gain (loss) which (increases) decreases benefit obligation of defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)(5)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanForeignCurrencyExchangeRateChangesBenefitObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedStatusOfPlan">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of funded (unfunded) status of defined benefit plan, measured as difference between fair value of plan assets and benefit obligation. Includes, but is not limited to, overfunded (underfunded) status.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109237824&amp;loc=d3e1703-114919<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedStatusOfPlan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInterestCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost recognized for passage of time related to defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2709-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInterestCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateProjectedBenefitObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of projected benefit obligation for defined benefit pension plan with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2417-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPensionPlansWithAccumulatedBenefitObligationsInExcessOfPlanAssetsAggregateProjectedBenefitObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsBenefitsPaid">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of payment to participant under defined benefit plan which decreases plan assets. For pension plan, payment includes, but is not limited to, pension benefits and death benefits. For other postretirement plan, payment includes, but is not limited to, prescription drug benefits, health care benefits, life insurance benefits, and legal, educational and advisory services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6414203&amp;loc=d3e39716-114964<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(5)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsBenefitsPaid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsContributionsByPlanParticipant">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of contributions received by defined benefit plan from participant which increases plan assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsContributionsByPlanParticipant</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of foreign currency translation gain (loss) which increases (decreases) plan assets of defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost for actuarial present value of benefits attributed to service rendered by employee for defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2709-114920<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanSettlementsBenefitObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of (increase) decrease to benefit obligation of defined benefit plan from irrevocable action relieving primary responsibility for benefit obligation and eliminating risk for obligation and assets used to effect settlement. Includes, but is not limited to, lump-sum cash payment to participant in exchange for right to receive specified benefits, purchase of nonparticipating annuity contract and change from remeasurement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)(10)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanSettlementsBenefitObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanSettlementsPlanAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of payment, which decreases plan assets of defined benefit plan, for irrevocable action relieving primary responsibility for benefit obligation and eliminating risk for obligation and assets used to effect settlement. Transaction constituting settlement includes, but is not limited to, making lump-sum cash payment to participant in exchange for their rights to receive specified benefits and purchasing nonparticipating annuity contract.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(8)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanSettlementsPlanAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedInCalculatingBenefitObligationAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedInCalculatingBenefitObligationAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansAdjustmentBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, after reclassification adjustment, of (increase) decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income for defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (i-k)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansAdjustmentBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementDefinedBenefitPlansCurrentLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability, recognized in statement of financial position, for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109237824&amp;loc=d3e1703-114919<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109237824&amp;loc=d3e1731-114919<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementDefinedBenefitPlansCurrentLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementDefinedBenefitPlansLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability, recognized in statement of financial position, for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109237824&amp;loc=d3e1703-114919<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109237824&amp;loc=d3e1731-114919<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(24))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PensionAndOtherPostretirementDefinedBenefitPlansLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6988729968">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Retirement Plans, Pension Plan Assets/Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInformationAboutPlanAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Pension plan assets/investments [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate', window );">Acceptable ranges within which asset allocations will fluctuate</a></td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 621,877<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 624,431<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member', window );">Level 1 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,251<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,762<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member', window );">Level 2 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 405,998<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">417,686<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesMember', window );">Equity Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInformationAboutPlanAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Pension plan assets/investments [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsTargetAllocationPercentage', window );">Target allocation percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember', window );">Fixed Income Securities and Cash [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInformationAboutPlanAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Pension plan assets/investments [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsTargetAllocationPercentage', window );">Target allocation percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US', window );">U.S. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 213,628<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">204,983<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US', window );">U.S. [Member] | Investments Measured at NAV [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">213,628<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">204,983<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US', window );">U.S. [Member] | Global Equity Securites: Limited Partnership [Member] | Investments Measured at NAV [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">109,490<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">95,933<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US', window );">U.S. [Member] | Fixed Income Securities: Commingled Trust Funds [Member] | Investments Measured at NAV [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">104,138<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100,295<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US', window );">U.S. [Member] | Other: Real Estate Commingled Trust Fund [Member] | Investments Measured at NAV [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,755<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">408,249<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">419,448<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 390,133<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Level 1 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,251<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,762<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Level 2 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">405,998<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">417,686<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | U.S. Equities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">39,652<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,203<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | U.S. Equities [Member] | Level 1 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | U.S. Equities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">39,652<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,203<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Non-U.S. Equities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">117,575<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">96,387<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Non-U.S. Equities [Member] | Level 1 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Non-U.S. Equities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">117,575<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">96,387<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Balanced Managed Funds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">48,550<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">91,743<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Balanced Managed Funds [Member] | Level 1 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Balanced Managed Funds [Member] | Level 2 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">48,550<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">91,743<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Fixed Income Securities: Commingled Trust Funds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">200,575<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">197,804<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Fixed Income Securities: Commingled Trust Funds [Member] | Level 1 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">855<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Fixed Income Securities: Commingled Trust Funds [Member] | Level 2 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">199,720<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">197,804<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Real Estate/Other [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">501<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">549<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Real Estate/Other [Member] | Level 1 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Real Estate/Other [Member] | Level 2 [Member]</a></td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">501<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">549<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,396<span></span>
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<td class="nump">1,762<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="nump">1,396<span></span>
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<td class="nump">1,762<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets', window );">Fair Value of Plan Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of acceptable ranges within which asset allocations will fluctuate.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_AcceptableRangesWithinWhichAssetAllocationsWillFluctuate</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset segregated and restricted to provide benefit under defined benefit plan. Asset includes, but is not limited to, stock, bond, other investment, earning from investment, and contribution by employer and employee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)(iv)(01)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)(iv)(01)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanAssets</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInformationAboutPlanAssetsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of target investment allocation to total plan assets. Includes, but is not limited to, percentage on weighted-average basis if more than one plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanPlanAssetsTargetAllocationPercentage</td>
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<tr>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=jwa_FixedIncomeSecuritiesAndCashMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasuredAtNetAssetValuePerShareMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasuredAtNetAssetValuePerShareMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUSLimitedPartnershipMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=us-gaap_FixedIncomeFundsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=us-gaap_FixedIncomeFundsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateCommingledTrustFundMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesUsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesUsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanEquitySecuritiesNonUsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=jwa_BalancedManagedFundsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanRealEstateMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanByPlanAssetCategoriesAxis=us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanCashAndCashEquivalentsMember</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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</html>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>104
<FILENAME>R79.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6890932096">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Retirement Plans, Expected Employer Contributions and Benefit Payments and Other Retirement Plans (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureEmployerContributionsNextFiscalYear', window );">Expected employer contributions to the defined benefit pension plans</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 17,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount', window );">Discretionary contribution</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanEstimatedFutureBenefitPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Expected future benefit payments [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsNextTwelveMonths', window );">2020</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,155<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearTwo', window );">2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">24,351<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearThree', window );">2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,913<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearFour', window );">2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,692<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearFive', window );">2024</a></td>
<td class="nump">27,533<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsFiveFiscalYearsThereafter', window );">2025-2029</a></td>
<td class="nump">147,785<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">277,429<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US', window );">U.S. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanEstimatedFutureBenefitPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Expected future benefit payments [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsNextTwelveMonths', window );">2020</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,287<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearTwo', window );">2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,741<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearThree', window );">2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,894<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearFour', window );">2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,259<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearFive', window );">2024</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,436<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsFiveFiscalYearsThereafter', window );">2025-2029</a></td>
<td class="nump">76,053<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">152,670<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract', window );"><strong>Other postretirement benefits [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Annual (credits) expenses for benefit plans</a></td>
<td class="nump">113<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 647<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,655<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanEstimatedFutureBenefitPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Expected future benefit payments [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsNextTwelveMonths', window );">2020</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,868<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearTwo', window );">2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,610<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearThree', window );">2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearFour', window );">2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,433<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearFive', window );">2024</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,097<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsFiveFiscalYearsThereafter', window );">2025-2029</a></td>
<td class="nump">71,732<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">124,759<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract', window );"><strong>Other postretirement benefits [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Annual (credits) expenses for benefit plans</a></td>
<td class="num">(7,893)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,641)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,150)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember', window );">Non-U.S. [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureEmployerContributionsNextFiscalYear', window );">Expected employer contributions to the defined benefit pension plans</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeAxis=us-gaap_OtherPostretirementBenefitPlansDefinedBenefitMember', window );">Postretirement Life Insurance and Health Care Benefits [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract', window );"><strong>Other postretirement benefits [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanRecognizedNetGainLossDueToCurtailments', window );">Curtailment gain (loss)</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherPostretirementBenefitsPayableCurrentAndNoncurrent', window );">Accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Annual (credits) expenses for benefit plans</a></td>
<td class="num">(100)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(100)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(200)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis=jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember', window );">Defined Contribution Savings Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized', window );">Expense recorded</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of discretionary contributions made by an employer to a defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of benefits for defined benefit plan expected to be paid in periods following the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsDueTotal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_OtherPostretirementBenefitsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanEstimatedFutureBenefitPaymentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanEstimatedFutureBenefitPaymentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsFiveFiscalYearsThereafter">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of benefits for defined benefit plan expected to be paid in five fiscal years after fifth fiscal year following latest fiscal year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsFiveFiscalYearsThereafter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsNextTwelveMonths">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of benefits for defined benefit plan expected to be paid in next fiscal year following latest fiscal year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsNextTwelveMonths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of benefits for defined benefit plan expected to be paid in fifth fiscal year following latest fiscal year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearFour">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of benefits for defined benefit plan expected to be paid in fourth fiscal year following latest fiscal year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearFour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearThree">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of benefits for defined benefit plan expected to be paid in third fiscal year following latest fiscal year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearThree</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of benefits for defined benefit plan expected to be paid in second fiscal year following latest fiscal year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureBenefitPaymentsYearTwo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureEmployerContributionsNextFiscalYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of contributions expected to be received by defined benefit plan from employer in next fiscal year following latest fiscal year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedFutureEmployerContributionsNextFiscalYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of net periodic benefit cost (credit) for defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2709-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=112275985&amp;loc=d3e4179-114921<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanRecognizedNetGainLossDueToCurtailments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) recognized in net periodic benefit (cost) credit from event reducing expected years of future service of present employees or eliminating accrual of defined benefits for some or all future services of present employees.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)(7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e1928-114920<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=108410482&amp;loc=d3e2709-114920<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanRecognizedNetGainLossDueToCurtailments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost for defined contribution plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 70<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49170846&amp;loc=d3e28014-114942<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanDisclosureLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherPostretirementBenefitsPayableCurrentAndNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability for retirement benefits, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(15))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(15))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherPostretirementBenefitsPayableCurrentAndNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=country_US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetirementPlanSponsorLocationAxis=us-gaap_ForeignPlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeAxis=us-gaap_OtherPostretirementBenefitPlansDefinedBenefitMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetirementPlanTypeAxis=us-gaap_OtherPostretirementBenefitPlansDefinedBenefitMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis=jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis=jwa_DefinedContributionSavingsPlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6714468944">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - 2014 Key Employee Stock Plan [Member] - Class A Common Stock [Member]<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2019 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized', window );">Number of shares authorized for issuance under the plan (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,500,000<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant', window );">Remaining shares available for future issuance under the plan (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,355,399<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of shares (or other type of equity) originally approved (usually by shareholders and board of directors), net of any subsequent amendments and adjustments, for awards under the equity-based compensation plan. As stock or unit options and equity instruments other than options are awarded to participants, the shares or units remain authorized and become reserved for issuance under outstanding awards (not necessarily vested).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The difference between the maximum number of shares (or other type of equity) authorized for issuance under the plan (including the effects of amendments and adjustments), and the sum of: 1) the number of shares (or other type of equity) already issued upon exercise of options or other equity-based awards under the plan; and 2) shares (or other type of equity) reserved for issuance on granting of outstanding awards, net of cancellations and forfeitures, if applicable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6870527568">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation, Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2015</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions', window );">Options Outstanding, Number of Options (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">372<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Term</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 9 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1', window );">Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 49.70<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions', window );">Options Exercisable, Number of Options (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">372<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1', window );">Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 49.70<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=jwa_ExercisePriceRange1Member', window );">$35.04 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions', window );">Options Outstanding, Number of Options (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Term</a></td>
<td class="text">2 months 12 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1', window );">Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 35.04<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions', window );">Options Exercisable, Number of Options (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1', window );">Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 35.04<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=jwa_ExercisePriceRange2Member', window );">$39.53 to $40.02 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLowerRangeLimit', window );">Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Range Limit (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">39.53<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeUpperRangeLimit', window );">Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Range Limit (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 40.02<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions', window );">Options Outstanding, Number of Options (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">101<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Term</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 3 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1', window );">Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 39.71<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions', window );">Options Exercisable, Number of Options (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">101<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1', window );">Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 39.71<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=jwa_ExercisePriceRange3Member', window );">$48.06 to $49.55 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLowerRangeLimit', window );">Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Range Limit (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">48.06<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeUpperRangeLimit', window );">Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Range Limit (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 49.55<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions', window );">Options Outstanding, Number of Options (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Term</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 3 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1', window );">Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 48.69<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions', window );">Options Exercisable, Number of Options (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1', window );">Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 48.69<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=jwa_ExercisePriceRange4Member', window );">$55.99 to $59.70 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLowerRangeLimit', window );">Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Range Limit (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">55.99<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeUpperRangeLimit', window );">Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Range Limit (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 59.70<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions', window );">Options Outstanding, Number of Options (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">154<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Term</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years 7 months 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1', window );">Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 57.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions', window );">Options Exercisable, Number of Options (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">154<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1', window );">Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 57.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Stock Options [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEstimatedWeightedAverageFairValueForOptionsGrantedAndSignificantWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedAbstract', window );"><strong>Estimated weighted average fair value for options granted and significant weighted average assumptions used [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Fair Value of Options on Grant Date (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14.77<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsAndMethodologyAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted Average assumptions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1', window );">Expected Life of Options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">7 years 2 months 12 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate', window );">Risk-Free Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate', window );">Expected Volatility</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate', window );">Expected Dividend Yield</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfCommonStockOnGrantDate', window );">Fair Value of Common Stock on Grant Date (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 55.99<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward', window );"><strong>Options [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Outstanding at Beginning of Year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">611<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,429<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,966<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Granted (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercised (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="num">(229)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(788)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(469)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod', window );">Expired or Forfeited (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="num">(10)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(30)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(68)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Outstanding at End of Year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">372<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">611<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,429<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,966<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber', window );">Exercisable at End of Year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">372<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">530<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,064<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber', window );">Vested and Expected to Vest in the Future at End of Year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">372<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">599<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,249<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward', window );"><strong>Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Outstanding at Beginning of Year (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 48.88<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 47.39<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 46.62<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Granted (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Exercised (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">47.21<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45.97<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">43.74<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Expired or Forfeited (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">56.97<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">54.24<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49.91<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Outstanding at End of Year (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">49.70<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48.88<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47.39<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 46.62<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Exercisable at End of Year (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">49.70<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47.43<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">46.04<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Vested and Expected to Vest in the Future at End of Year (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 49.70<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 48.90<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 45.88<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingTermAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted Average Remaining Term [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Outstanding at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 9 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1', window );">Exercisable at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 9 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1', window );">Vested and Expected to Vest in the Future at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 9 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAverageIntrinsicValueAbstract', window );"><strong>Average Intrinsic Value [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue', window );">Outstanding at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1', window );">Exercisable at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingAggregateIntrinsicValue', window );">Vested and Expected to Vest in the Future at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Options, Additional Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue', window );">Total intrinsic value of options exercised</a></td>
<td class="nump">4.4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10.4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1', window );">Total grant date fair value of stock options vested</a></td>
<td class="nump">4.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13.4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions', window );">Unrecognized share-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Stock Options [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ExercisePriceOfStockOptionsGrantedAsPercentageOfFairMarketValueOfStockAtDateOfGrantAsRequiredByThePlan', window );">Exercise price of stock options granted as percentage of fair market value of stock at date of grant as required by the plan</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Stock Options [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod', window );">Exercisable period</a></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Stock Options [Member] | Vesting on Fourth Anniversary Date Following Date of Grant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Award vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Stock Options [Member] | Vesting on Fifth Anniversary Date Following Date of Grant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Award vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Stock Options [Member] | Annual Vesting on April 30th [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Award vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ExercisePriceOfStockOptionsGrantedAsPercentageOfFairMarketValueOfStockAtDateOfGrantAsRequiredByThePlan">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercise price of stock options granted as a percentage of the fair market value of the stock at the date of grant pursuant to the terms of the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ExercisePriceOfStockOptionsGrantedAsPercentageOfFairMarketValueOfStockAtDateOfGrantAsRequiredByThePlan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEstimatedWeightedAverageFairValueForOptionsGrantedAndSignificantWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEstimatedWeightedAverageFairValueForOptionsGrantedAndSignificantWeightedAverageAssumptionsUsedAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfCommonStockOnGrantDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The fair value per share of common stock on grant date used in the weighted average fair value assumptions for stock option grants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsFairValueOfCommonStockOnGrantDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAverageIntrinsicValueAbstract</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingTermAbstract</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Unrecognized cost of unvested options awarded to employees as compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsAndMethodologyAbstract</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated dividend rate (a percentage of the share price) to be paid (expected dividends) to holders of the underlying shares over the option's term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iv)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares into which fully or partially vested stock options outstanding as of the balance sheet date can be currently converted under the option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted-average price as of the balance sheet date at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance on vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated difference between fair value of underlying shares on dates of exercise and exercise price on options exercised (or share units converted) into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For presentations that combine terminations, the number of shares under options that were cancelled during the reporting period as a result of occurrence of a terminating event specified in contractual agreements pertaining to the stock option plan or that expired.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(3)-(4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price of options that were either forfeited or expired.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(3)-(4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the reporting period as calculated by applying the disclosed option pricing methodology.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which the current fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of options outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingAggregateIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which current fair value of underlying stock exceeds exercise price of fully vested and expected to vest options outstanding. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingAggregateIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of fully vested and expected to vest options outstanding that can be converted into shares under option plan. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted-average exercise price, at which grantee can acquire shares reserved for issuance, for fully vested and expected to vest options outstanding. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which option holders acquired shares when converting their stock options into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average per share amount at which grantees can acquire shares of common stock by exercise of options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLowerRangeLimit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The floor of a customized range of exercise prices for purposes of disclosing shares potentially issuable under outstanding stock option awards on all stock option plans and other required information pertaining to awards in the customized range.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLowerRangeLimit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares reserved for issuance pertaining to the outstanding exercisable stock options as of the balance sheet date in the customized range of exercise prices for which the market and performance vesting condition has been satisfied.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares reserved for issuance pertaining to the outstanding stock options as of the balance sheet date for all option plans in the customized range of exercise prices.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeUpperRangeLimit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The ceiling of a customized range of exercise prices for purposes of disclosing shares potentially issuable under outstanding stock option awards on all stock option plans and other required information pertaining to awards in the customized range.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeUpperRangeLimit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of vesting of share-based compensation awards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period from grant date that an equity-based award expires, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Expected term of share-based compensation awards, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115993241&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of difference between fair value of the underlying shares reserved for issuance and exercise price of vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable or convertible, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for option awards outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for fully vested and expected to vest options outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of options vested. Excludes equity instruments other than options, for example, but not limited to, share units, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodFairValue1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average exercise price as of the balance sheet date for those equity-based payment arrangements exercisable and outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
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<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average price as of the balance sheet date at which grantees could acquire the underlying shares with respect to all outstanding stock options which are in the customized range of exercise prices.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
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<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term of outstanding stock options, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109259400&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br></p></div>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Nonvested Shares at Beginning of Year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">861<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">913<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">915<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Granted (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">415<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">525<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">509<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance', window );">Change in Shares Due to Performance (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="num">(19)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(107)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(67)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod', window );">Vested and Issued (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="num">(357)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(318)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(267)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod', window );">Forfeited (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="num">(144)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(152)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(177)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Nonvested Shares at End of Year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">756<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">861<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">913<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">915<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward', window );"><strong>Weighted Average Grant Date Value [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Nonvested Shares at Beginning of Year (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 53.22<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Granted (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">62.63<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Change in Shares Due to Performance (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">44.17<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Vested and Issued (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">54.95<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Forfeited (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">55.37<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Nonvested Shares at End of Year (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 57.38<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 53.22<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Restricted Stock, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions', window );">Unrecognized share-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 28.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1', window );">Award vesting period</a></td>
<td class="text">4 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1', window );">Weighted average recognition period for unrecognized share-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 2 months 12 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue', window );">Total grant date fair value of restricted shares vested</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19.6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15.7<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember', window );">Restricted Stock Awards [Member] | Key Employees [Member] | Vesting on Fourth Anniversary Date Following Date of Grant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Award vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember', window );">Restricted Stock Awards [Member] | Key Employees [Member] | Vesting on Fifth Anniversary Date Following Date of Grant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Award vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember', window );">Restricted Stock Awards [Member] | Key Employees [Member] | Annual Vesting on Anniversary of Grant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Award vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_PerformanceSharesMember', window );">Performance-based Restricted Stock Awards [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets', window );">Period for achievement of performance-based targets</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_PerformanceSharesMember', window );">Performance-based Restricted Stock Awards [Member] | Vesting on First Anniversary Date after Award Is Earned [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Award vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_PerformanceSharesMember', window );">Performance-based Restricted Stock Awards [Member] | Vesting on Second Anniversary Date after Award Is Earned [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Award vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_PerformanceSharesMember', window );">Performance-based Restricted Stock Awards [Member] | Vesting at End of Performance Cycle [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Award vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_PerformanceSharesMember', window );">Performance-based Restricted Stock Awards [Member] | Vesting on April 30th of Year Following Performance Cycle [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Award vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value at grant date for nonvested equity-based awards that changed due to performance during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsChangeInSharesDueToPerformanceWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock options, that decreased due to performance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsDecreaseInSharesDueToPerformance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The period of time during which certain financial performance-based targets must be achieved in order to trigger payment of performance-based restricted stock awards under the terms of the long-term incentive plans, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPeriodForAchievementOfPerformanceBasedTargets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation is expected to be recognized for equity-based compensation plans, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Unrecognized cost of unvested share-based awards, other than options, awarded to employees as compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period which an employee's right to exercise an award is no longer contingent on satisfaction of either a service condition, market condition or a performance condition, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that were forfeited during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average fair value as of the grant date of equity-based award plans other than stock (unit) option plans that were not exercised or put into effect as a result of the occurrence of a terminating event.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value at grant date for nonvested equity-based awards issued during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of non-vested equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that validly exist and are outstanding as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value of nonvested awards on equity-based plans excluding option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, revenue or profit achievement stock award plan) for which the employer is contingently obligated to issue equity instruments or transfer assets to an employee who has not yet satisfied service or performance criteria necessary to gain title to proceeds from the sale of the award or underlying shares or units.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that vested during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of share-based awards for which the grantee gained the right by satisfying service and performance requirements, to receive or retain shares or units, other instruments, or cash.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value as of grant date pertaining to an equity-based award plan other than a stock (or unit) option plan for which the grantee gained the right during the reporting period, by satisfying service and performance requirements, to receive or retain shares or units, other instruments, or cash in accordance with the terms of the arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of vesting of share-based compensation awards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=jwa_KeyEmployeesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=jwa_KeyEmployeesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheEightMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_PerformanceSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_PerformanceSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheThreeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheThreeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheFourMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSixMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheSevenMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>108
<FILENAME>R83.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6869908096">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation, President and CEO New Hire Equity Awards (Details)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>Installment </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember', window );">ELTIP [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary', window );">Targeted long-term incentive as percentage of base salary</a></td>
<td class="nump">300.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive', window );">Targeted long-term incentive value | $</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.7<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember', window );">ELTIP [Member] | Performance Share Units [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue', window );">Percentage of targeted long-term incentive value</a></td>
<td class="nump">60.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 59.15<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Awards granted (in shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,916<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember', window );">ELTIP [Member] | Restricted Share Units [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue', window );">Percentage of targeted long-term incentive value</a></td>
<td class="nump">40.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 59.15<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Awards granted (in shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,611<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember', window );">ELTIP [Member] | Restricted Share Units [Member] | Vesting on April 30, 2018 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Awards vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember', window );">ELTIP [Member] | Restricted Share Units [Member] | Vesting on April 30, 2019 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Awards vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember', window );">ELTIP [Member] | Restricted Share Units [Member] | Vesting on April 30, 2020 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Awards vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember', window );">ELTIP [Member] | Restricted Share Units [Member] | Vesting on April 30, 2021 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage', window );">Awards vesting percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_SignOnGrantMember', window );">Sign-On Grant [Member] | Restricted Share Units [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 59.15<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Awards granted (in shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">67,625<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockGrantedDuringPeriodValueSharebasedCompensationGross', window );">Grant value | $</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments', window );">Number of equal installments | Installment</a></td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Refers to the number of equal installments for vesting shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_NumberOfEqualInstallments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Refers to the percentage of targeted long-term incentive value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_PercentageOfTargetedLongTermIncentiveValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Refers to the targeted long-term incentive of share-based compensation awards as a percentage of base salary during the performance cycle.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardTargetedLongTermIncentiveAsPercentageOfBaseSalary</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Refers to the value of base salary for targeted long-term incentive of share-based compensation awards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardValueOfBaseSalaryForTargetedLongTermIncentive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value of nonvested awards on equity-based plans excluding option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, revenue or profit achievement stock award plan) for which the employer is contingently obligated to issue equity instruments or transfer assets to an employee who has not yet satisfied service or performance criteria necessary to gain title to proceeds from the sale of the award or underlying shares or units.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of vesting of share-based compensation awards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockGrantedDuringPeriodValueSharebasedCompensationGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value, before forfeitures, of stock or other type of equity granted of any equity-based compensation plan other than an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockGrantedDuringPeriodValueSharebasedCompensationGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_ExecutiveLongTermIncentiveProgramMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_PerformanceSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_PerformanceSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheNineMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTenMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheElevenMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_VestingAxis=jwa_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwelveMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_SignOnGrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_SignOnGrantMember</td>
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<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6870866080">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation, Director Stock Awards (Details) - Director Stock Plan [Member] - Class A Common Stock [Member] - Non-Employee Directors [Member] - shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualShareBasedPaymentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_AnnualAwardValue', window );">Value of annual award as percentage of annual director retainer fee based on stock price on date of grant</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualSharesIssued', window );">Shares awarded under the plan (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,991<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,243<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_AnnualAwardValue">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the annual award of Class A Common Stock received by each non-employee director as a percentage of the annual director fee, based on the stock price on the date of grant.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_AnnualAwardValue</td>
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<td>jwa_</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualShareBasedPaymentsLineItems</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued pursuant to the terms of a deferred compensation arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (l)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualSharesIssued</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_DirectorStockPlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=jwa_DirectorStockPlanMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=us-gaap_DirectorMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TitleOfIndividualAxis=us-gaap_DirectorMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6868908192">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2019 </div>
<div>Vote </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2018 </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2017 </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis=jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member', window );">2017 Share Repurchase Program [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CapitalStockAbstract', window );"><strong>Capital Stock [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased', window );">Additional shares of common stock approved for repurchase under the share repurchase program (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare', window );">Average price of shares repurchased during the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 55.65<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 52.80<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased', window );">Remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased under the share repurchase program (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,888,975<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in Common Stock in Treasury [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Purchase of treasury shares (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">713,177<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">953,188<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockNumberOfSharesParValueAndOtherDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Common Stock [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible', window );">Class A Common shares into which each share of Class B Common Stock is convertible (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders', window );">Percentage of the Board of Directors elected by Class A common stockholders</a></td>
<td class="nump">30.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock', window );">Number of votes to which each share of common stock is entitled | Vote</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in Common Stock [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Number of shares, beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,110,603<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">70,086,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,798,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1', window );">Common stock class conversions and other</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">288,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Number of shares issued, end of year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,126,963<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">70,110,603<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">70,086,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in Common Stock in Treasury [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares', window );">Number of shares held, beginning of year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,853,257<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,097,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,709,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Purchase of treasury shares (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,192,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">713,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">953,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Stock grants of fully vested Class A shares - common stock (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(20,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(24,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardForfeited', window );">Restricted shares, forfeited (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Restricted shares issued from exercise of stock options (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="num">(229,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(788,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(469,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedStockSharesIssuedNetOfSharesForTaxWithholdings', window );">Shares withheld for taxes (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">130,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">116,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">97,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityOtherShares', window );">Other (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">83,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares', window );">Number of shares held, end of year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">22,633,869<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,853,257<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,097,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Number of Common Stock outstanding, end of year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">47,493,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,258,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,989,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A [Member] | Non-Performance Shares [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in Common Stock in Treasury [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardNetOfForfeitures', window );">Restricted shares issued under stock-based compensation plans (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="num">(210,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(153,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(74,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A [Member] | Performance Share Units [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in Common Stock in Treasury [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardNetOfForfeitures', window );">Restricted shares issued under stock-based compensation plans (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="num">(110,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(126,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(186,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A [Member] | 2017 Share Repurchase Program [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CapitalStockAbstract', window );"><strong>Capital Stock [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare', window );">Average price of shares repurchased during the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 50.35<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in Common Stock in Treasury [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Purchase of treasury shares (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,191,496<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">952,667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockNumberOfSharesParValueAndOtherDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Common Stock [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock', window );">Number of votes to which each share of common stock is entitled | Vote</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in Common Stock [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Number of shares, beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,071,067<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,096,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,392,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1', window );">Common stock class conversions and other</a></td>
<td class="num">(16,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(25,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(296,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Number of shares issued, end of year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,054,707<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,071,067<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,096,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in Common Stock in Treasury [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares', window );">Number of shares held, beginning of year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,917,574<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,918,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,917,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Purchase of treasury shares (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares', window );">Number of shares held, end of year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,917,574<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,917,574<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,918,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Number of Common Stock outstanding, end of year (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,137,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,153,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,178,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B [Member] | 2017 Share Repurchase Program [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in Common Stock in Treasury [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Purchase of treasury shares (in shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">521<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_CapitalStockAbstract</td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ChangesInCommonStockAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ChangesInCommonStockInTreasuryAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares of Class A Common Stock into which each share of Class B Common Stock is convertible.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_ClassCommonSharesIntoWhichEachShareOfClassBCommonStockIsConvertible</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of votes to which each share of common stock is entitled, excluding election of Directors.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_NumberOfVotesEntitlementPerShareOfClassCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:decimalItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of voting rights of common stock. Includes eligibility to vote and votes per share owned. Include also, if any, unusual voting rights.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_PercentageOfBoardOfDirectorsElectedByClassCommonStockholders</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockNumberOfSharesParValueAndOtherDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockNumberOfSharesParValueAndOtherDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109259400&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of new shares issued in the conversion of stock in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4313-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedStockSharesIssuedNetOfSharesForTaxWithholdings">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of restricted shares issued as compensation, net of shares for the payment of withholding taxes. This element is to be used only if shares are used in lieu of cash to satisfy all or a portion of withholding taxes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedStockSharesIssuedNetOfSharesForTaxWithholdings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardForfeited">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares related to Restricted Stock Award forfeited during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109259400&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardForfeited</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardNetOfForfeitures">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period related to Restricted Stock Awards, net of any shares forfeited.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109259400&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardNetOfForfeitures</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109197908&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109259400&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares authorized to be repurchased by an entity's Board of Directors under a stock repurchase plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased by an entity's Board of Directors under a stock repurchase plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityOtherShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of increase (decrease) in shares of stock classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityOtherShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total cost of shares repurchased divided by the total number of shares repurchased.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6405813&amp;loc=d3e23239-112655<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockAcquiredAverageCostPerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of common and preferred shares that were previously issued and that were repurchased by the issuing entity and held in treasury on the financial statement date. This stock has no voting rights and receives no dividends.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29,30)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6405813&amp;loc=d3e23239-112655<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares that have been repurchased during the period and are being held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109259400&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareRepurchaseProgramAxis=jwa_ShareRepurchaseProgramIn2017Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6853584016">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts, Cash Dividends Paid (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 17, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 20, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 16, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 19, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 24, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 26, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 18, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 21, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock', window );">Cash dividends</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,600<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,900<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,900<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 19,000<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 75,752<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 73,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 71,545<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.32<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.24<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A Common Stock [Member] | Dividend Declared in Q1 2019 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend declared date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jun. 21,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend paid date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jul. 18,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend record date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jul.  03,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A Common Stock [Member] | Dividend Declared in Q2 2019 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend declared date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Sep. 26,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend paid date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Oct. 24,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend record date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Oct.  09,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A Common Stock [Member] | Dividend Declared in Q3 2019 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend declared date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Dec. 19,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend paid date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jan. 16,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend record date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jan.  02,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A Common Stock [Member] | Dividend Declared in Q4 2019 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend declared date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Mar. 20,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend paid date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Apr. 17,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend record date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Apr.  02,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B Common [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.32<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.24<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B Common [Member] | Dividend Declared in Q1 2019 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend declared date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jun. 21,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend paid date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jul. 18,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend record date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jul.  03,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B Common [Member] | Dividend Declared in Q2 2019 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend declared date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Sep. 26,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend paid date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Oct. 24,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend record date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Oct.  09,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B Common [Member] | Dividend Declared in Q3 2019 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend declared date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Dec. 19,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend paid date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jan. 16,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend record date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jan.  02,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B Common [Member] | Dividend Declared in Q4 2019 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend declared date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Mar. 20,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend paid date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Apr. 17,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend record date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Apr.  02,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_CashDividendAbstract</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate dividends paid during the period for each share of common stock outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the declared dividend will be paid, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the dividend to be paid was declared, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the holder must own the stock to be entitled to the dividend, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow in the form of ordinary dividends to common shareholders of the parent entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsAxis=jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ1Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsAxis=jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ2Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsAxis=jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ3Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsAxis=jwa_DividendDeclaredInCurrentYearQ4Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>112
<FILENAME>R87.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6870800000">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Segment Information (Details)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="8">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jan. 31, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Oct. 31, 2018 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2018 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2018 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jan. 31, 2018 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Oct. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>Segment</div>
</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">
<div>Apr. 30, 2018 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">
<div>Apr. 30, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments', window );">Number of reportable segments | Segment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 491,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 449,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 448,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 410,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 477,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 455,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 451,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 411,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,800,069<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,796,103<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,718,530<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Corporate Expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(168,754)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(183,603)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(178,531)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Operating Income</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 80,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 57,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 72,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 65,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 80,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">223,989<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">231,461<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">211,470<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsForNewAccountingPronouncementsAxis=us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdate201707Member', window );">ASU 2017-07 Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Net benefits</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(5,300)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember', window );">Operating and Administrative Expenses [Member] | ASU 2017-07 Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Net benefits</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_InterestIncomeMember', window );">Interest and Other Income [Member] | ASU 2017-07 Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Net benefits</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(5,300)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_ResearchSegmentMember', window );">Research [Member] | Interest and Other Income [Member] | ASU 2017-07 Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Net benefits</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,200)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(1,600)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_PublishingMember', window );">Publishing [Member] | Interest and Other Income [Member] | ASU 2017-07 Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Net benefits</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,300)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(1,200)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember', window );">Operating Segments [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,800,069<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,796,103<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,718,530<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ContributionToProfitLoss', window );">Contribution to Profit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">392,743<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">415,064<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">390,001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember', window );">Operating Segments [Member] | Research [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">937,313<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">934,395<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">853,489<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ContributionToProfitLoss', window );">Contribution to Profit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,875<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">271,326<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">250,648<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember', window );">Operating Segments [Member] | Publishing [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">574,192<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">617,648<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">633,449<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ContributionToProfitLoss', window );">Contribution to Profit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">118,901<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">121,639<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">124,531<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember', window );">Operating Segments [Member] | Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">288,564<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">244,060<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">231,592<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_ContributionToProfitLoss', window );">Contribution to Profit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,967<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,099<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">14,822<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember', window );">Corporate [Member] | Interest and Other Income [Member] | ASU 2017-07 Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost', window );">Net benefits</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,600)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="14"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="14"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest Income and Other for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2018 was $4.2 million in Research, $2.3 million in Publishing, and $1.6 million in Corporate expenses. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2017 was $1.6 million in Research, $1.2 million in Publishing, and $(8.1) million in Corporate expenses.</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total of expenses of managing and administering the affairs of an entity, including affiliates of the reporting entity, which are not directly or indirectly associated with the manufacture, sale or creation of a product or product line.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of segments reported by the entity. A reportable segment is a component of an entity for which there is an accounting requirement to report separate financial information on that component in the entity's financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_SolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_SolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
</body>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>113
<FILENAME>R88.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6860717584">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Segment Information, Total Assets by Segment (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,937,002<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,839,451<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,606,217<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember', window );">Operating Segments [Member] | Research [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,152,973<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,238,178<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,133,846<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember', window );">Operating Segments [Member] | Publishing [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">643,549<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">575,033<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">582,339<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember', window );">Operating Segments [Member] | Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">751,854<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">563,489<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">575,068<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember', window );">Corporate [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 388,626<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 462,751<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 314,964<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115929826&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(12))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_ResearchSegmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_ResearchSegmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_PublishingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_PublishingMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_SolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=jwa_SolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>114
<FILENAME>R89.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6867835952">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Segment Information, Other Significant Reconciling Items by Segment (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets', window );">Expenditures for long lived assets</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (101,593)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (150,728)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (303,427)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">161,155<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">153,989<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">156,561<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember', window );">Operating Segments [Member] | Research [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets', window );">Expenditures for long lived assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(6,457)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,538)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(154,189)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">37,088<span></span>
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<td class="nump">33,655<span></span>
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<td class="nump">29,330<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets', window );">Expenditures for long lived assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(19,712)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(23,666)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(29,420)<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">33,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,495<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">43,831<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_OperatingSegmentsMember', window );">Operating Segments [Member] | Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets', window );">Expenditures for long lived assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(9,001)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,786)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,210)<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">34,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,703<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,792<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateNonSegmentMember', window );">Corporate [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets', window );">Expenditures for long lived assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(66,423)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(102,738)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(98,608)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 55,875<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 53,136<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 56,608<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate expense recognized in the current period that allocates the cost of tangible assets, intangible assets, or depleting assets to periods that benefit from use of the assets.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for purchases of and capital improvements on property, plant and equipment (capital expenditures), software, and other intangible assets.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Segment Information, Revenues from External Customers and Technology, Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="8">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
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<th class="th"><div>Oct. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</td>
<td class="nump">289,934<span></span>
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<td class="nump">243,058<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">932,927<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">913,852<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">786,574<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">252,459<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">249,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">252,459<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">249,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">208,572<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember', window );">Reportable Geographical Components [Member] | United Kingdom [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">150,242<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">147,406<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">189,479<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,331<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,955<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,331<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,955<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,368<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember', window );">Reportable Geographical Components [Member] | Germany [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">97,505<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">98,404<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">75,090<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,423<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,259<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,423<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,259<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,770<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember', window );">Reportable Geographical Components [Member] | Japan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,145<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">81,572<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">62,674<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">75<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember', window );">Reportable Geographical Components [Member] | Australia [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,453<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">66,309<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,440<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,454<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,440<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,454<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">591<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember', window );">Reportable Geographical Components [Member] | China [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">55,024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">53,076<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,653<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">229<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">688<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">229<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">270<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember', window );">Reportable Geographical Components [Member] | Canada [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,882<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">55,568<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,740<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,659<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,635<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,659<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,635<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,232<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember', window );">Reportable Geographical Components [Member] | France [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51,441<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51,826<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">44,760<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">403<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">635<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">403<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">635<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">335<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember', window );">Reportable Geographical Components [Member] | India [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,472<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">41,637<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,306<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,437<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,437<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">245<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember', window );">Reportable Geographical Components [Member] | Other Countries [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Information [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">270,978<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">274,492<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">368,945<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Technology, Property and Equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,232<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,716<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,232<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,716<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReconciliationFromSegmentTotalsToConsolidatedAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130543-203045<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130539-203045<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130545-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidationItemsAxis=srt_ReportableGeographicalComponentsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_DE">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_DE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_JP">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_JP</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_CA</td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_FR</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_IN</td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=jwa_OtherCountriesMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>116
<FILENAME>R91.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6861427296">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Supplementary Quarterly Financial Information (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="16">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Jan. 31, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Oct. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Jul. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Jan. 31, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Oct. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Jul. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Supplementary Quarterly Financial Information - Results By Quarter (Unaudited) [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 491,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 449,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 448,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 410,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 477,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 455,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 451,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 411,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,800,069<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,796,103<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,718,530<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross profit</a></td>
<td class="nump">340,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">305,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">316,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">283,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">340,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">319,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">319,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">285,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,245,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,265,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Operating income</a></td>
<td class="nump">80,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">50,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">57,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">36,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">72,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">65,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">80,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">12,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">223,989<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">231,461<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">211,470<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 63,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 34,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 43,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 26,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 54,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 68,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 60,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 168,263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 192,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 113,643<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings Per Share [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.61<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.76<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.46<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.95<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.21<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.06<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.16<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.94<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.37<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.98<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.61<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.76<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.45<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.93<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.04<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.16<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.91<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.32<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.95<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="22"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="22"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits (costs) of $8.1 million and $(5.3) million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest Income and Other for the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Recently Issued, and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards," for more information. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2018 was $4.2 million in Research, $2.3 million in Publishing, and $1.6 million in Corporate expenses. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the year ended April 30, 2017 was $1.6 million in Research, $1.2 million in Publishing, and $(8.1) million in Corporate expenses.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">The sum of the quarterly earnings per share amounts may not agree to the respective annual amounts due to rounding.</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873790&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1337-109256<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109256448&amp;loc=d3e4984-109258<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109234566&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1252-109256<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873765&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=SL5780133-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109256448&amp;loc=d3e4984-109258<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1252-109256<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873765&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109234566&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=d3e1337-109256<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109260490&amp;loc=SL5780133-109256<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873790&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.1,2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873765&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114867106&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114873790&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=115205541&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_QuarterlyFinancialInformationDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130543-203045<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130539-203045<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109196051&amp;loc=SL49130545-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6866474752">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
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<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
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<th class="th"><div>Jun. 28, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 17, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 16, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 24, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 18, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 01, 2019</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock', window );">Cash dividends</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 19,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 75,752<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 73,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 71,545<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Class A Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.32<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.24<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Class B Common [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.32<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.24<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember', window );">Revolving Credit Facility [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract', window );"><strong>Amended and Restated Credit Agreement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Aggregate principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member] | Dividend Declared in Q1 2020 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock', window );">Cash dividends</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member] | Class A Common Stock [Member] | Dividend Declared in Q1 2020 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend declared date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jun. 28,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.34<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend payable date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul. 24,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend record date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul. 10,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member] | Class B Common [Member] | Dividend Declared in Q1 2020 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract', window );"><strong>Dividend [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend declared date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jun. 28,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Common stock dividend (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.34<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend payable date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul. 24,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend record date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul. 10,  2019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member] | zybooks [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredIncludingEquityInterestInAcquireeHeldPriorToCombinationAbstract', window );"><strong>Acquisition [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany', window );">Cash to be paid to equity shareholders of acquiree company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 56,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract', window );"><strong>Amended and Restated Credit Agreement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Term of credit facility</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Aggregate principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member] | Term Loan A Facility [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_jwa_AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract', window );"><strong>Amended and Restated Credit Agreement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Term of credit facility</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount', window );">Credit agreement face amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredFinanceCostsNet', window );">Credit agreement issuance cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_AmendedAndRestatedCreditAgreementAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_CashDividendAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_CashDividendAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash to be paid to the equity shareholders of the acquiree company under the terms of the agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">jwa_CashToBePaidToEquityShareholdersOfAcquireeCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>jwa_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredIncludingEquityInterestInAcquireeHeldPriorToCombinationAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredIncludingEquityInterestInAcquireeHeldPriorToCombinationAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate dividends paid during the period for each share of common stock outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face (par) amount of debt instrument at time of issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114775744&amp;loc=d3e28551-108399<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114775985&amp;loc=d3e28878-108400<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period of time between issuance and maturity of debt instrument, in PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredFinanceCostsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization, of debt issuance costs. Includes, but is not limited to, legal, accounting, underwriting, printing, and registration costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114775744&amp;loc=d3e28555-108399<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredFinanceCostsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the declared dividend will be paid, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the dividend to be paid was declared, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateDeclaredDayMonthAndYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the holder must own the stock to be entitled to the dividend, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit facility without consideration of any current restrictions on the amount that could be borrowed or the amounts currently outstanding under the facility.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow in the form of ordinary dividends to common shareholders of the parent entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109223946&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendsAxis=jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsAxis=jwa_DividendDeclaredInNextYearQ1Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=jwa_ZyanteIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=jwa_ZyanteIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=jwa_TermLoanAFacilityMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=jwa_TermLoanAFacilityMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
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<FILENAME>R93.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6853615008">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule II-VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="6">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2017</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis=us-gaap_SalesReturnsAndAllowancesMember', window );">Allowance for Sales Returns [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MovementInValuationAllowancesAndReservesRollForward', window );"><strong>Valuation allowances and reserves [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance', window );">Balance at beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,628<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 24,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19,861<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense', window );">Charged to expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">37,483<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">38,711<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">53,482<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions', window );">Deductions from reserves and other</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">37,569<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">44,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">49,043<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance', window );">Balance at end of period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">18,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">18,628<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">24,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis=us-gaap_AllowanceForCreditLossMember', window );">Allowance for Doubtful Accounts [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MovementInValuationAllowancesAndReservesRollForward', window );"><strong>Valuation allowances and reserves [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance', window );">Balance at beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">10,107<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">7,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">7,254<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense', window );">Charged to expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">5,279<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">5,439<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">2,913<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions', window );">Deductions from reserves and other</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,079<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">2,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">2,981<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance', window );">Balance at end of period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">14,307<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">10,107<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">7,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis=us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserveMember', window );">Allowance for Inventory Obsolescence [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MovementInValuationAllowancesAndReservesRollForward', window );"><strong>Valuation allowances and reserves [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance', window );">Balance at beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">18,193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">21,096<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">21,968<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense', window );">Charged to expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,328<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">9,182<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">9,538<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions', window );">Deductions from reserves and other</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">9,696<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">12,085<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">10,410<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance', window );">Balance at end of period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">15,825<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">18,193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">21,096<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis=us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceOfDeferredTaxAssetsMember', window );">Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MovementInValuationAllowancesAndReservesRollForward', window );"><strong>Valuation allowances and reserves [Roll Forward]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance', window );">Balance at beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">8,811<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense', window );">Charged to expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">51<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">7,511<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions', window );">Deductions from reserves and other</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(12,317)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance', window );">Balance at end of period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 21,179<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,811<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="8"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="8"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Allowance for Sales Returns represents anticipated returns net of a recovery of inventory and royalty costs. The provision is reported as a reduction of gross sales to arrive at revenue and the reserve balance is reported as a reduction of Accounts Receivable, net (in the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017) with a corresponding increase in Inventories, net and a reduction in Accrued Royalties for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Due to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the sales return reserve as of April 30, 2019 is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, it was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net. See Note 3, "Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Deductions From Reserves and Other for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 include foreign exchange translation adjustments. Included in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts are accounts written off, less recoveries. Included in Allowance for Inventory Obsolescence are items removed from inventory. Included in Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets are foreign tax credits generated and valuation allowances needed in connection with the Tax Act.</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MovementInValuationAllowancesAndReservesRollForward">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A roll forward is a reconciliation of a concept from the beginning of a period to the end of a period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MovementInValuationAllowancesAndReservesRollForward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of valuation and qualifying accounts and reserves.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-09)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e24092-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesBalance</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in valuation and qualifying accounts and reserves from charge to cost and expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-09)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e24092-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease in valuation and qualifying accounts and reserves.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-09)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e24092-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
