10-Q 1 form10q.htm FORM 10Q FY19 Q3

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2019
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from_____ to _____
Commission File No. 001-11507
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

NEW YORK |  | 13-5593032
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
111 RIVER STREET, HOBOKEN, NJ |  | 07030
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | Zip Code

| (201) 748-6000 |
| Registrant’s telephone number including area code |

| NOT APPLICABLE |
Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report

Indicate by check mark, whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark, whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ | Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company ☐
| Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant’s classes of common stock as of February 28, 2019 were:
Class A, par value $1.00 – 47,932,973
Class B, par value $1.00 – 9,139,133

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements |  |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position - Unaudited as of January 31, 2019 and audited as of April 30, 2018 |  | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income - Unaudited for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018 |  | 6
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Unaudited for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018 |  | 7
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Unaudited for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018 |  | 8
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - Unaudited for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018 |  | 9
|  | Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |  |
|  | Note 1. Basis of Presentation |  | 11
|  | Note 2. Recent Accounting Standards |  | 11
|  | Note 3. Acquisition |  | 16
|  | Note 4. Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers |  | 16
|  | Note 5. Stock-Based Compensation |  | 22
|  | Note 6. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | 23
|  | Note 7. Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding and Share Repurchases |  | 23
|  | Note 8. Restructuring and Related Charges |  | 24
|  | Note 9. Segment Information |  | 25
|  | Note 10. Inventories |  | 26
|  | Note 11. Goodwill and Intangible Assets |  | 26
|  | Note 12. Income Taxes |  | 27
|  | Note 13. Retirement Plans |  | 27
|  | Note 14. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities |  | 28
|  | Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies |  | 29
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 30
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 43
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 44
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 45
Item 1a. |  | Risk Factors |  | 45
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 45
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 46
SIGNATURES |  | 47

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2

Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements “Safe Harbor” Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995:
This report contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 concerning our business, consolidated financial condition and results of operations. The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) encourages companies to disclose forward-looking information so that investors can better understand a company’s prospects and make informed investment decisions. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by such words as “anticipates,” “believes,” “plan,” “assumes,” “could,” “should,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “potential,” “seek,” “predict,” “may,” “will” and similar references to future periods. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report regarding our strategies, prospects, financial condition, operations, costs, plans and objectives are forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding our fiscal year 2019 outlook, operations, performance, and financial condition. Reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements, as actual results may differ materially from those in any forward-looking statements. Any such forward-looking statements are based upon many assumptions and estimates that are inherently subject to uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, and are subject to change based on many important factors. Such factors include, but are not limited to (i) the level of investment in new technologies and products; (ii) subscriber renewal rates for our journals; (iii) the financial stability and liquidity of journal subscription agents; (iv) the consolidation of book wholesalers and retail accounts; (v) the market position and financial stability of key online retailers; (vi) the seasonal nature of our educational business and the impact of the used book market; (vii) worldwide economic and political conditions; (viii) our ability to protect our copyrights and other intellectual property worldwide; (ix) our ability to successfully integrate acquired operations and realize expected opportunities; (x) achievement of targeted run rate savings through restructuring activities; and (xi) other factors detailed from time to time in our filings with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
Please refer to Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for important factors that we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from those in our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures:
We present financial information that conforms to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). We also present financial information that does not conform to U.S. GAAP, which we refer to as non-GAAP.
In this report, we may present the following non-GAAP performance measures:

| ● | Adjusted Earnings Per Share “(Adjusted EPS)”;

| ● | Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending;

| ● | Adjusted Operating Income and margin;

| ● | Adjusted Contribution to Profit and margin; and

| ● | Results on a constant currency basis.

Management uses these non-GAAP performance measures as supplemental indicators of our operating performance and financial position as well for internal reporting and forecasting purposes, when publicly providing its outlook, to evaluate our performance and to evaluate and calculate incentive compensation. We present these non-GAAP performance measures in addition to U.S. GAAP financial results because we believe that these non-GAAP performance measures provide useful information to certain investors and financial analysts for operational trends and comparisons across accounting periods. The use of these non-GAAP performance measures provides a consistent basis to evaluate operating profitability and performance trends by excluding items that we do not consider to be controllable activities for this purpose.
Index
3

For example:

| ● | Adjusted EPS, Adjusted Operating Profit, and Adjusted Contribution to Profit provide a more comparable basis to analyze operating results and earnings and are measures commonly used by shareholders to measure our performance.

| ● | Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending helps assess our ability, over the long term, to create value for our shareholders as it represents cash available to repay debt, pay common stock dividends and fund share repurchases and new acquisitions.

| ● | Results on a constant currency basis removes distortion from the effects of foreign currency movements to provide better comparability of our business trends from period to period. We measure our performance before the impact of foreign currency (or at “constant currency”), which means that we apply the same foreign currency exchange rates for the current and equivalent prior period.

In addition, we have historically provided these or similar non-GAAP performance measures and understand that some investors and financial analysts find this information helpful in analyzing our operating margins, and net income and comparing our financial performance to that of our peer companies and competitors. Based on interactions with investors, we also believe that our non-GAAP performance measures are regarded as useful to our investors as supplemental to our U.S. GAAP financial results, and that there is no confusion regarding the adjustments or our operating performance to our investors due to the comprehensive nature of our disclosures. We have not provided our 2019 outlook for the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures, as they are not available without unreasonable effort due to the high variability, complexity, and low visibility with respect to certain items, including restructuring charges and credits, gains and losses on foreign currency, and other gains and losses. These items are uncertain, depend on various factors, and could be material to our consolidated results computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Non-GAAP performance measures do not have standardized meanings prescribed by U.S. GAAP and therefore may not be comparable to the calculation of similar measures used by other companies and should not be viewed as alternatives to measures of financial results under U.S. GAAP. The adjusted metrics have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation from or as a substitute for U.S. GAAP information. It does not purport to represent any similarly titled U.S. GAAP information and is not an indicator of our performance under U.S. GAAP. Non-U.S. GAAP financial metrics that we present may not be comparable with similarly titled measures used by others. Investors are cautioned against placing undue reliance on these non-U.S. GAAP measures.
Index
4

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
Dollars in thousands

|  | January 31, 2019 |  |  | April 30, 2018 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 132,758 |  |  | $ | 169,773 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 194,764 |  |  |  | 212,377 |
Inventories, net |  |  | 35,264 |  |  |  | 39,489 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 68,657 |  |  |  | 58,332 |
Total Current Assets |  |  | 431,443 |  |  |  | 479,971 |
Product Development Assets |  |  | 62,004 |  |  |  | 78,814 |
Royalty Advances, net |  |  | 42,903 |  |  |  | 37,058 |
Technology, Property and Equipment, net |  |  | 286,172 |  |  |  | 289,934 |
Intangible Assets, net |  |  | 892,603 |  |  |  | 848,071 |
Goodwill |  |  | 1,103,222 |  |  |  | 1,019,801 |
Other Non-Current Assets |  |  | 93,279 |  |  |  | 85,802 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 2,911,626 |  |  | $ | 2,839,451 |
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 85,111 |  |  | $ | 90,097 |
Accrued royalties |  |  | 135,863 |  |  |  | 73,007 |
Contract liability (Deferred revenue) |  |  | 271,541 |  |  |  | 486,353 |
Accrued employment costs |  |  | 81,571 |  |  |  | 116,179 |
Accrued income taxes |  |  | 20,781 |  |  |  | 13,927 |
Other accrued liabilities |  |  | 83,398 |  |  |  | 94,748 |
Total Current Liabilities |  |  | 678,265 |  |  |  | 874,311 |
Long-Term Debt |  |  | 633,523 |  |  |  | 360,000 |
Accrued Pension Liability |  |  | 150,131 |  |  |  | 190,301 |
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities |  |  | 157,786 |  |  |  | 143,518 |
Other Long-Term Liabilities |  |  | 96,492 |  |  |  | 80,764 |
Total Liabilities |  |  | 1,716,197 |  |  |  | 1,648,894 |
Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred Stock, $1 par value: Authorized – 2 million, Issued 0 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Class A Common Stock, $1 par value: Authorized-180 million Issued 70,124,963 and 70,110,603 as of January 31, 2019 and April 30, 2018, respectively |  |  | 70,125 |  |  |  | 70,111 |
Class B Common Stock, $1 par value: Authorized-72 million Issued 13,056,707 and 13,071,067 as of January 31, 2019 and April 30, 2018, respectively |  |  | 13,057 |  |  |  | 13,071 |
Additional paid-in-capital |  |  | 423,466 |  |  |  | 407,120 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 1,886,620 |  |  |  | 1,834,057 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (474,266 | ) |  |  | (439,580 | )
Treasury stock (Class A 22,190,282 and 21,853,257 as of January 31, 2019 and April 30, 2018, respectively; Class B 3,917,574 and 3,917,574 as of January 31, 2019 and April 30, 2018, respectively) |  |  | (723,573 | ) |  |  | (694,222 | )
Total Shareholders’ Equity |  |  | 1,195,429 |  |  |  | 1,190,557 |
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity |  | $ | 2,911,626 |  |  | $ | 2,839,451 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Index
5

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME – UNAUDITED
Dollars in thousands except per share information

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  |  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 (1)(2) |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 (1)(2) |
Revenue, net |  | $ | 449,367 |  |  | $ | 455,675 |  |  | $ | 1,308,890 |  |  | $ | 1,318,850 |
Costs and Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales (2) |  |  | 143,879 |  |  |  | 136,362 |  |  |  | 404,194 |  |  |  | 394,444 |
Operating and administrative expenses (1)(2) |  |  | 240,715 |  |  |  | 239,548 |  |  |  | 717,348 |  |  |  | 703,158 |
Restructuring and related (credits) charges |  |  | (348 | ) |  |  | 2,208 |  |  |  | 3,562 |  |  |  | 26,531 |
Amortization of intangibles |  |  | 14,775 |  |  |  | 12,163 |  |  |  | 39,825 |  |  |  | 35,965 |
Total Costs and Expenses |  |  | 399,021 |  |  |  | 390,281 |  |  |  | 1,164,929 |  |  |  | 1,160,098 |
Operating Income |  |  | 50,346 |  |  |  | 65,394 |  |  |  | 143,961 |  |  |  | 158,752 |
Interest Expense |  |  | (5,346 | ) |  |  | (3,295 | ) |  |  | (11,750 | ) |  |  | (10,023 | )
Foreign Exchange Transaction Losses |  |  | (2,525 | ) |  |  | (6,032 | ) |  |  | (4,308 | ) |  |  | (11,584 | )
Interest and Other Income (1) |  |  | 2,742 |  |  |  | 2,200 |  |  |  | 7,717 |  |  |  | 6,694 |
Income Before Taxes |  |  | 45,217 |  |  |  | 58,267 |  |  |  | 135,620 |  |  |  | 143,839 |
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes |  |  | 10,275 |  |  |  | (10,575 | ) |  |  | 30,599 |  |  |  | 5,713 |
Net Income |  | $ | 34,942 |  |  | $ | 68,842 |  |  | $ | 105,021 |  |  | $ | 138,126 |
Earnings Per Share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.61 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |  |  | $ | 1.83 |  |  | $ | 2.42 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.61 |  |  | $ | 1.19 |  |  | $ | 1.81 |  |  | $ | 2.39 |
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 57,158 |  |  |  | 57,035 |  |  |  | 57,330 |  |  |  | 56,979 |
Diluted |  |  | 57,626 |  |  |  | 57,871 |  |  |  | 57,882 |  |  |  | 57,736 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
____________________________________________

(1) | Due to the retrospective adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-07, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,”, total net benefits of $2.0 million and $6.0 million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018, respectively. Total net benefits related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were $2.1 million and $6.6 million for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019, respectively. Refer to Note 2, "Recent Accounting Standards," in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

(2) | In connection with the acquisition of The Learning House, Inc. (“Learning House”), we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.

The Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $11.2 million and $34.7 million for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share. Refer to “Change in Accounting Policy” in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 3, “Acquisition,” in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.
Index
6

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – UNAUDITED
Dollars in thousands

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  |  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Net Income |  | $ | 34,942 |  |  | $ | 68,842 |  |  | $ | 105,021 |  |  | $ | 138,126 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | 17,515 |  |  |  | 51,401 |  |  |  | (43,234 | ) |  |  | 84,442 |
Unamortized retirement costs, tax (benefit) provision of $(596), $(2,377), $3,121, and $(3,085), respectively |  |  | (2,081 | ) |  |  | (8,587 | ) |  |  | 11,117 |  |  |  | (11,113 | )
Unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swaps, tax (benefit) provision of $(1,263), $450, $(814) and $478, respectively |  |  | (1,136 | ) |  |  | 734 |  |  |  | (2,569 | ) |  |  | 780 |
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | 14,298 |  |  |  | 43,548 |  |  |  | (34,686 | ) |  |  | 74,109 |
Comprehensive Income |  | $ | 49,240 |  |  | $ | 112,390 |  |  | $ | 70,335 |  |  | $ | 212,235 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Index
7

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – UNAUDITED
Dollars in thousands

|  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Operating Activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 105,021 |  |  | $ | 138,126 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles |  |  | 39,825 |  |  |  | 35,965 |
Amortization of product development spending |  |  | 29,301 |  |  |  | 30,314 |
Depreciation and amortization of technology, property and equipment |  |  | 52,414 |  |  |  | 48,471 |
Restructuring charges |  |  | 3,562 |  |  |  | 26,531 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 14,974 |  |  |  | 6,510 |
Royalty advances |  |  | (100,454 | ) |  |  | (89,366 | )
Earned royalty advances |  |  | 94,240 |  |  |  | 81,976 |
Impairment of publishing brand |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,600 |
Other non-cash charges (credits) |  |  | 10,898 |  |  |  | (4,976 | )
Net change in operating assets and liabilities |  |  | (202,173 | ) |  |  | (86,484 | )
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities |  |  | 47,608 |  |  |  | 190,667 |
Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product development spending |  |  | (14,251 | ) |  |  | (30,426 | )
Additions to technology, property and equipment |  |  | (49,988 | ) |  |  | (78,958 | )
Business acquired in purchase transaction, net of cash acquired |  |  | (190,467 | ) |  |  | — |
Acquisitions of publication rights and other |  |  | (4,386 | ) |  |  | (25,227 | )
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |  |  | (259,092 | ) |  |  | (134,611 | )
Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repayment of long-term debt |  |  | (217,200 | ) |  |  | (238,951 | )
Borrowing of long-term debt |  |  | 490,512 |  |  |  | 305,754 |
Purchase of treasury shares |  |  | (34,994 | ) |  |  | (29,257 | )
Change in book overdrafts |  |  | (6,657 | ) |  |  | (8,884 | )
Cash dividends |  |  | (56,963 | ) |  |  | (55,093 | )
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options and other |  |  | 6,278 |  |  |  | 30,606 |
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities |  |  | 180,976 |  |  |  | 4,175 |
Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (1) |  |  | (6,359 | ) |  |  | 10,015 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Decrease)/Increase for the Period |  |  | (36,867 | ) |  |  | 70,246 |
Balance at Beginning of Period |  |  | 170,257 |  |  |  | 58,516 |
Balance at End of Period |  | $ | 133,390 |  |  | $ | 128,762 |
Cash Paid During the Period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 10,781 |  |  | $ | 10,766 |
Income taxes, net of refunds |  | $ | 29,604 |  |  | $ | 39,655 |
Non-cash items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-cash items associated with the acquisition of Learning House |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrants to purchase 0.4 million shares of Wiley Class A Common Stock issued in connection with the Learning House acquisition |  | $ | 565 |  |  | $ | — |

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

(1) | Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash,” we are now required to include restricted cash as part of the change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. As a result, amounts which were previously classified as cash flows from operating activities have been reclassified as they are recognized in the total change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Refer to Note 2, "Recent Accounting Standards," in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

Index
8

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY – UNAUDITED
Dollars in thousands

|  | Common Stock Class A |  |  | Common Stock Class B |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Total Shareholder’s Equity |
Balance at October 31, 2018 |  | $ | 70,125 |  |  | $ | 13,057 |  |  | $ | 417,718 |  |  | $ | 1,870,609 |  |  | $ | (713,553 | ) |  | $ | (488,564 | ) |  | $ | 1,169,392 |
Restricted Shares Issued under Stock-based Compensation Plans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (927 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,004 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 77 |
Net (Payments)/Proceeds from Exercise of Stock Options and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,024 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,006 | )
Excess Tax Benefits from Stock-based Compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based Compensation Expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,092 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,092 |
Purchase of Treasury Shares |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,000 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,000 | )
Class A Common Stock Dividends ($0.33 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,915 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,915 | )
Class B Common Stock Dividends ($0.33 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,016 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,016 | )
Common Stock Class Conversions |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuance of Warrants Related to Acquisition of a Business |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 565 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 565 |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34,942 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,298 |  |  |  | 49,240 |
Balance at January 31, 2019 |  | $ | 70,125 |  |  | $ | 13,057 |  |  | $ | 423,466 |  |  | $ | 1,886,620 |  |  | $ | (723,573 | ) |  | $ | (474,266 | ) |  | $ | 1,195,429 |

|  | Common Stock Class A |  |  | Common Stock Class B |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Total Shareholder’s Equity |
Balance at October 31, 2017 |  | $ | 70,097 |  |  | $ | 13,085 |  |  | $ | 392,493 |  |  | $ | 1,747,998 |  |  | $ | (699,898 | ) |  | $ | (476,725 | ) |  | $ | 1,047,050 |
Restricted Shares Issued under Stock-based Compensation Plans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (441 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 489 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48 |
Net Proceeds from Exercise of Stock Options and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,001 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,258 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 23,259 |
Excess Tax Benefits from Stock-based Compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based Compensation Expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,914 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,974 |
Purchase of Treasury Shares |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Class A Common Stock Dividends ($0.32 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,463 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,463 | )
Class B Common Stock Dividends ($0.32 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,931 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,931 | )
Common Stock Class Conversions |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 68,842 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43,547 |  |  |  | 112,389 |
Balance at January 31, 2018 |  | $ | 70,107 |  |  | $ | 13,075 |  |  | $ | 405,967 |  |  | $ | 1,798,446 |  |  | $ | (686,091 | ) |  | $ | (433,178 | ) |  | $ | 1,168,326 |

See accompanying notes to the audited consolidated financial statements.
Index
9

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY – UNAUDITED
Dollars in thousands

|  | Common Stock Class A |  |  | Common Stock Class B |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Total Shareholder’s Equity |
Balance at April 30, 2018 |  | $ | 70,111 |  |  | $ | 13,071 |  |  | $ | 407,120 |  |  | $ | 1,834,057 |  |  | $ | (694,222 | ) |  | $ | (439,580 | ) |  | $ | 1,190,557 |
Restricted Shares Issued under Stock-based Compensation Plans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,911 | ) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 4,083 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 174 |
Net Proceeds from Exercise of Stock Options and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,718 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,560 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,278 |
Excess Tax Benefits from Stock-based Compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based Compensation Expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,974 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,974 |
Purchase of Treasury Shares |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (34,994 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (34,994 | )
Class A Common Stock Dividends ($0.99 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (47,911 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (47,911 | )
Class B Common Stock Dividends ($0.99 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,052 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,052 | )
Common Stock Class Conversions |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuance of Warrants Related to Acquisition of a Business |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 565 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 565 |
Adjustment due to adoption of new revenue standard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,503 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,503 |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 105,021 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (34,686 | ) |  |  | 70,335 |
Balance at January 31, 2019 |  | $ | 70,125 |  |  | $ | 13,057 |  |  | $ | 423,466 |  |  | $ | 1,886,620 |  |  | $ | (723,573 | ) |  | $ | (474,266 | ) |  | $ | 1,195,429 |

|  | Common Stock Class A |  |  | Common Stock Class B |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Total Shareholder’s Equity |
Balance at April 30, 2017 |  | $ | 70,086 |  |  | $ | 13,096 |  |  | $ | 387,896 |  |  | $ | 1,715,423 |  |  | $ | (676,077 | ) |  | $ | (507,287 | ) |  | $ | 1,003,137 |
Restricted Shares Issued under Stock-based Compensation Plans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,706 | ) |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | 2,904 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 188 |
Net Proceeds from Exercise of Stock Options and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,327 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,279 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,606 |
Excess Tax Benefits from Stock-based Compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based Compensation Expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,450 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,510 |
Purchase of Treasury Shares |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (29,257 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (29,257 | )
Class A Common Stock Dividends ($0.96 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (46,294 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (46,294 | )
Class B Common Stock Dividends ($0.96 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8,799 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8,799 | )
Common Stock Class Conversions |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 138,126 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 74,109 |  |  |  | 212,235 |
Balance at January 31, 2018 |  | $ | 70,107 |  |  | $ | 13,075 |  |  | $ | 405,967 |  |  | $ | 1,798,446 |  |  | $ | (686,091 | ) |  | $ | (433,178 | ) |  | $ | 1,168,326 |

See accompanying notes to the audited consolidated financial statements.
Index
10

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 — Basis of Presentation
Throughout this report, when we refer to “Wiley,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us,” we are referring to John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and all our subsidiaries, except where the context indicates otherwise.
Our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all the accounts of the Company and our subsidiaries. We have eliminated all significant intercompany transactions and balances in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Condensed Consolidated Financial Condition, Results of Operations, Comprehensive Income and Cash Flows for the periods presented. Operating results for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year. All amounts are in thousands, except per share amounts, and approximate due to rounding. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the most recent audited consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018 as filed with the SEC on June 29, 2018 (“2018 Form 10-K”).
Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with the interim reporting requirements of the SEC. As permitted under those rules, annual footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The preparation of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.
Change in Accounting Policy
In connection with the acquisition of Learning House (See Note 3, “Acquisition”), we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively.
The Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018 have been reclassified to reflect this change in accounting policy. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $11.2 million and $34.7 million for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018, respectively. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, Operating Income, Net Income, or Earnings per Share on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
Note 2 — Recent Accounting Standards
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Stock Compensation – Scope of Modification Accounting
In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting,” which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is only required if the fair value, vesting conditions or classification (equity or liability) of the new award are different from the original award immediately before the original award is modified. We adopted ASU 2017-09 on May 1, 2018 and there was no impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements. The new guidance must be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The future impact of ASU 2017-09 will be dependent on the nature of future stock award modifications.
Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” The guidance requires that the service cost component of net pension and postretirement benefit costs be reported in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period, while the other components of net benefit costs must be reported separately from the service cost component and below operating income. The guidance also allows only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. We adopted ASU 2017-07 on May 1, 2018. The new guidance must be applied retrospectively for the presentation of net benefit costs in the income statement and prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component of net benefit costs.
Index
11

The effect of retrospectively adopting this guidance resulted in a reclassification of net benefits of $2.0 million and $6.0 million from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018, respectively. The amount included in Interest and Other Income on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019 was a net benefit of $2.1 million and $6.6 million, respectively. We do not capitalize any service costs.
Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business”, which clarifies the definition of a business in order to allow for the evaluation of whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or business. We adopted ASU 2017-01 on May 1, 2018. The future impact of ASU 2017-01 will be dependent upon the nature of future acquisitions or dispositions made by us.
Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.” ASU 2016-18 requires that entities include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents in the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the Statement of Cash Flows. We adopted ASU 2016-18 on May 1, 2018. Retrospective transition method is to be applied to each period presented. As a result of this retrospective adoption, the reclassification of restricted cash into a change in total cash resulted in a reduction in Cash Used in Operating Activities of $0.5 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2018.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

Balance at the Beginning of Period |  | April 30, 2018 |  |  | April 30, 2017 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 169,773 |  |  | $ | 58,516 |
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 484 |  |  |  | — |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows |  | $ | 170,257 |  |  | $ | 58,516 |

Balance at the End of Period |  | January 31, 2019 |  |  | January 31, 2018 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 132,758 |  |  | $ | 128,217 |
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 545 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows |  | $ | 133,390 |  |  | $ | 128,762 |

Income taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory”, which simplifies the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Current U.S. GAAP prohibits the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party. The new guidance states that an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Consequently, the amendments in this Standard eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. We adopted ASU 2016-16 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 did not have a material impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” which provides clarification on classifying a variety of activities within the Statement of Cash Flows. We adopted ASU 2016-15 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have a material impact to our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Index
12

Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments-Overall.” ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments except those under the equity method of accounting to be measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognized in net income. The amendment simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. In addition, it also requires enhanced disclosures about investments. We adopted ASU 2016-01 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016- 01 did not have a material impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," (Topic 606) which superseded most existing revenue recognition guidance. We adopted ASU 2014-09 on May 1, 2018. The standard allows for either "full retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all periods presented, or "modified retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Principal versus Agent Considerations", ASU 2016-10, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing", ASU 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients", and ASU 2016-20, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which provide clarification and additional guidance related to ASU 2014-09. We also adopted ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12, and ASU 2016-20 with ASU 2014-09 (collectively, the “new revenue standard”) on May 1, 2018.
We utilized a comprehensive approach to assess the impact of the new revenue standard on our contract portfolio by reviewing our current accounting policies and practices to identify differences that would result from applying the new revenue standard to our revenue contracts. Additionally, we reviewed customer agreements representative of our business models and assessed whether changes in revenue recognition were appropriate under the new revenue standard.
We adopted the new revenue standard as of May 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material impact to our consolidated revenues, financial position, or results of operations. Upon adoption, we recorded an immaterial net increase to opening retained earnings resulting from the change in timing of when certain components of our revenue are recognized as required under the new revenue standard as compared to historical policies. Such changes include:

| (i) | perpetual licenses granted in connection with other deliverables; revenue that was previously recognized over the life of the associated subscription for future content is now recognized at a point in time, which is when access to content is initially granted,

| (ii) | customers’ unexercised rights; revenue which was previously recognized at the end of a pre-determined period for situations where we have received a nonrefundable payment for a customer to receive a good or service and the customer has not exercised such right is now recognized as revenue in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer,

| (iii) | recognition of estimated revenue from royalty agreements in the period of usage, and

| (iv) | recognition of revenue for certain arrangements with minimum guarantees on a time-based (straight-line) basis due to a stand-ready obligation to provide additional rights to content.

The adoption of the new revenue standard resulted in the discontinuance of the historical practice of presenting accounts receivable and deferred revenue balances on a net basis for some of our subscription licensing agreements where we have invoiced a customer in advance of the related revenue being recognized and payment has not yet been received. As of April 30, 2018, the amounts that were previously netted down from accounts receivable and deferred revenue were $59.5 million. The current policy for our subscription licensing agreements is to record accounts receivable when performance occurs and recognize contract liabilities once the invoice is due, or cash payment is received from the customer.
In addition, the adoption of the new revenue standard resulted in the reclassification of the sales return reserve provision to Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) from Accounts Receivable, Net on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. As of April 30, 2018, the amount was $28.3 million.
Index
13

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated balance sheet at May 1, 2018 as a result of adoption of the new revenue standard using the modified retrospective method were as follows:

|  | April 30, 2018 |  |  | Adjustments due to Adoption |  |  | May 1, 2018 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  | $ | 212,377 |  |  | $ | 93,349 |  |  | $ | 305,726 |
Product development assets |  |  | 78,814 |  |  |  | (3,725 | ) |  |  | 75,089 |
Technology, property and equipment, net |  |  | 289,934 |  |  |  | (361 | ) |  |  | 289,573 |
Other non-current assets |  |  | 85,802 |  |  |  | 5,274 |  |  |  | 91,076 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued royalties |  |  | 73,007 |  |  |  | (731 | ) |  |  | 72,276 |
Contract liability (Deferred revenue) |  |  | 486,353 |  |  |  | 89,364 |  |  |  | 575,717 |
Deferred income tax liabilities |  |  | 143,518 |  |  |  | 1,400 |  |  |  | 144,918 |
Retained earnings |  | $ | 1,834,057 |  |  | $ | 4,503 |  |  | $ | 1,838,560 |

The impact of the adoption of the new revenue standard on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income was $0.4 million and $11.1 million in revenue, net, for the three months and nine months ended January 31, 2019, respectively, and was a credit of $(0.7) million in cost of sales for the three months ended January 31, 2019 and expense of $1.7 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2019. The impact to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position was not material by line item, except for the reclassification of the sales return reserve provision to contract liability from accounts receivable, net.
The sales return reserve provision amount that is included in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of January 31, 2019 was $36.7 million.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software: Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract.” ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.” ASU 2018-14 removes certain disclosures that are not considered cost beneficial, clarifies certain required disclosures and added additional disclosures. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in ASU 2018-14 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.
Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” ASU 2018-13 removes certain disclosures, modifies certain disclosures and added additional disclosures. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Certain disclosures in ASU 2018-13 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.
Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,” which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2019, and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Index
14

Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities,” to simplify and improve the application and financial reporting of hedge accounting. Subsequently, in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes”. ASU 2017-12 eases the requirements for measuring and reporting hedge ineffectiveness and clarifies that changes in the fair value of hedging instruments for cash flow, net investment, and fair value hedges should be reflected in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. The guidance also permits entities to designate specific components in cash flow and interest rate hedges as the hedged risk, instead of using total cash flows. ASU 2018-16 allows the use of the OIS rate based on the SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. These ASUs are effective for us on May 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”, which simplifies the measurement of a potential goodwill impairment charge by eliminating the requirement to calculate an implied fair value of the goodwill based on the fair value of a reporting unit’s other assets and liabilities. The new guidance eliminates the implied fair value method and instead measures a potential impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying value compared to its fair value. The impairment charge cannot exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Based on our most recent annual goodwill impairment test completed in fiscal year 2018, we expect no initial impact on adoption.
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” Subsequently, in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses”. ASU 2016-13 requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for most financial assets held at the reporting date based on an expected loss model which includes historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Entities will now use forward-looking information to better form their credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 also requires enhanced disclosures to help financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity’s portfolio. ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2018-19 are effective for us on May 1, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)”. Subsequently, the FASB issued in March 2019, ASU 2019-01, “Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements”, in December 2018 ASU 2018-20, “Leases (Topic 842): Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors”, and in July 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements” and ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases”. ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months and provide enhanced disclosures. Recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses will depend on classification as a finance or operating lease. Similar modifications have been made to lessor accounting in-line with revenue recognition guidance.
The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. We expect to elect the practical expedients to forgo a reassessment of (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) initial direct costs. We do not expect to elect the practical expedient allowing the use-of-hindsight which would require us to reassess the lease term of our leases based on all facts and circumstances through the effective date. In addition, we do not expect to elect the practical expedient pertaining to land easements.
In addition, the new standard provides as a practical expedient, certain policy elections for ongoing lease accounting to (i) not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component if certain conditions are met, and (ii) not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases that qualify as short-term. If the short-term recognition exemption is elected, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases in transition. We are currently assessing the impact these policy elections will have on our consolidated financial statements.
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The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. A company may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as of its date of initial application. We will adopt the new standard on May 1, 2019 and expect to use the effective date as the date of initial application. Accordingly, previously reported financial information will not be updated, and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before May 1, 2019. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements. Additionally, we are assessing the implementation of a lease accounting system for our leases, including the conversion of our existing lease data to a new system and implementing relevant internal controls and procedures.
Note 3 – Acquisition
On November 1, 2018, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding stock of The Learning House, Inc. (“Learning House”) a diversified education services provider. Headquartered in Louisville, KY, Learning House provides online program management services including graduate and undergraduate programs; short courses, boot camps, and other skills training and credentialing for students and professionals; pathway services for international students; professional development services for teachers; and learning solutions for corporate clients. The combination of Learning House and Wiley Education Services creates a leading provider of tech-enabled education services for colleges and universities. The results of operations of Learning House are included in our Solutions segment.
The preliminary fair value of the consideration transferred was approximately $201.3 million which included $200.8 million of cash and $0.5 million of warrants. We financed the payment of the cash consideration through borrowings under our revolving credit agreement ("RCA"). The warrants were classified as equity and allow the holder to purchase 400,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $90.00, subject to adjustments. The fair value of the warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The preliminary fair value of the cash consideration transferred, net of $10.3 million of cash acquired was approximately $190.5 million.
The transaction was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. We recorded the preliminary fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date, which included $109.5 million of intangible assets, goodwill of $109.1 million and net liabilities assumed of $17.3 million, all of which are included in the Solutions segment. None of the goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes. The final allocation of the consideration transferred to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed will be finalized within the measurement period, which will not exceed one year from the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the identifiable intangible assets acquired and their weighted-average useful life.

|  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Weighted-Average Useful Life (in Years) |
Customer Relationships |  | $ | 103.8 |  |  |  | 15 |
Course Content |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | 4 |
Total |  | $ | 109.5 |  |  |  |  |

Learning House’s revenue and operating (loss) included in our Solutions segment results for three and nine months ended January 31, 2019 was $13.4 million and $(5.2) million, respectively.
Pro forma financial information related to this acquisition has not been provided as it is not material to our consolidated results of operations.
Note 4 — Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using a five-step model consisting of the following: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. Performance obligations are satisfied when we transfer control of a good or service to a customer, which can occur over time or at a point in time. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, including the expected value of variable consideration. The customer’s ability and intent to pay the transaction price is assessed in determining whether a contract exists with the customer. If collectability of substantially all the consideration in a contract is not probable, consideration received is not recognized as revenue unless the consideration is nonrefundable, and we no longer have an obligation to transfer additional goods or services to the customer or collectability becomes probable.
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Disaggregation of Revenue
The following tables present our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018:

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | Research |  |  | Publishing |  |  | Solutions |  |  | Total |  |  | Research |  |  | Publishing |  |  | Solutions |  |  | Total |
Research: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Journals Subscriptions |  | $ | 152,291 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 152,291 |  |  | $ | 160,287 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 160,287 |
Open Access |  |  | 14,194 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,194 |  |  |  | 9,905 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,905 |
Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other |  |  | 50,804 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50,804 |  |  |  | 45,035 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 45,035 |
Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) |  |  | 9,064 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,064 |  |  |  | 8,262 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,262 |
Publishing: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
STM and Professional Publishing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 64,599 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 64,599 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 80,775 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 80,775 |
Education Publishing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37,437 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37,437 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48,446 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48,446 |
Course Workflow (WileyPLUS) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22,935 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22,935 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,406 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,406 |
Test Preparation and Certification |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,560 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,560 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,758 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,758 |
Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,104 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,104 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,859 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,859 |
Solutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Education Services |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46,207 |  |  |  | 46,207 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32,242 |  |  |  | 32,242 |
Professional Assessment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,600 |  |  |  | 14,600 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,228 |  |  |  | 13,228 |
Corporate Learning |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,572 |  |  |  | 16,572 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,472 |  |  |  | 16,472 |
Total |  | $ | 226,353 |  |  | $ | 145,635 |  |  | $ | 77,379 |  |  | $ | 449,367 |  |  | $ | 223,489 |  |  | $ | 170,244 |  |  | $ | 61,942 |  |  | $ | 455,675 |

|  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | Research |  |  | Publishing |  |  | Solutions |  |  | Total |  |  | Research |  |  | Publishing |  |  | Solutions |  |  | Total |
Research: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Journals Subscriptions |  | $ | 482,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 482,000 |  |  | $ | 498,775 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 498,775 |
Open Access |  |  | 38,917 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38,917 |  |  |  | 28,058 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,058 |
Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other |  |  | 132,041 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 132,041 |  |  |  | 124,594 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 124,594 |
Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) |  |  | 27,032 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,032 |  |  |  | 24,559 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,559 |
Publishing: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
STM and Professional Publishing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 197,565 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 197,565 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 215,835 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 215,835 |
Education Publishing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 127,736 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 127,736 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 151,893 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 151,893 |
Course Workflow (WileyPLUS) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42,142 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42,142 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38,926 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38,926 |
Test Preparation and Certification |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29,343 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29,343 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,167 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,167 |
Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31,269 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31,269 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32,686 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32,686 |
Solutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Education Services |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 105,244 |  |  |  | 105,244 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 88,316 |  |  |  | 88,316 |
Professional Assessment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47,667 |  |  |  | 47,667 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43,936 |  |  |  | 43,936 |
Corporate Learning |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47,934 |  |  |  | 47,934 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 44,105 |  |  |  | 44,105 |
Total |  | $ | 679,990 |  |  | $ | 428,055 |  |  | $ | 200,845 |  |  | $ | 1,308,890 |  |  | $ | 675,986 |  |  | $ | 466,507 |  |  | $ | 176,357 |  |  | $ | 1,318,850 |

Description of Revenue Generating Activities
We generate our revenues from sales from our three reportable segments. We report our segment information in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting” (“FASB ASC Topic 280”). Our segment reporting structure consists of three reportable segments, which are listed below, and a Corporate category:

| ● | Research,

| ● | Publishing, and

| ● | Solutions.

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17

Research Segment
Included within the Research segment are the following revenue streams:

| ● | Journal Subscriptions,

| ● | Open Access,

| ● | Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other, and

| ● | Publishing Technology Services (Atypon).

Journal Subscriptions
We publish approximately 1,700 academic research journals. We sell journal subscriptions directly through our sales representatives, indirectly through independent subscription agents, through promotional campaigns, and through memberships in professional societies for those journals that are sponsored by societies. Journal subscriptions are primarily licensed through contracts for digital content available online through Wiley Online Library. In March 2018, we migrated our Wiley Online Library platform to our Literatum platform, which we acquired as part of our purchase of Atypon Systems, Inc. (“Atypon”) in fiscal year 2017. Contracts are negotiated by us directly with customers or their subscription agents. Subscription periods typically cover calendar years. Print journals are generally mailed to subscribers directly from independent printers. We do not own or manage printing facilities. Subscription revenue is generally collected in advance.
In a typical journal subscription sale, there is a written agreement between us and our customer that cover multiple years. However, we typically account for these agreements as one-year contracts because our enforceable rights under the agreements are subject to an annual confirmation and negotiation process with the customer.
In journal subscriptions, multiple performance obligations exist, which include a stand-ready promise to provide access to new content for one year and a perpetual license for access to historical journal content. The transaction price consists of fixed consideration.
We allocate revenue to the stand-ready promise to provide access to new content for one year based on its standalone selling price and the revenue for new content is recognized over time as we have a continuous stand-ready obligation to provide the right of access to additional intellectual property. The allocation of revenue to the perpetual licenses for access to historical journal content is done using the expected cost plus a margin approach as permitted by the new revenue standard. Revenue is recognized at the point in time when access to historical content is initially granted.
Open Access
Under the Author-Funded Access business model, accepted research articles are published subject to payment of Article Publication Charges (“APC”). All Author-Funded Access articles are immediately free to access online. Contributors of Author-Funded Access articles retain many rights and typically license their work under terms that permit re-use. Author-Funded Access offers authors choices in how to share and disseminate their work, and it serves the needs of researchers who may be required by their research funder to make articles freely accessible without embargo. APCs are typically paid by the individual author or by the author’s funder, and payments are often mediated by the author’s institution. We provide specific workflows and infrastructure to authors, funders and institutions to support the requirements of the Author-Funded Access model.
Customers in open access are typically individual educational institutions or a consortium of universities. Under the Author-Funded Access model, we have a signed contract with the customer that contains enforceable rights.
The Author-Funded Access model in a typical model includes an over-time single performance obligation that combines a promise to host the customer’s content on our open access platform, and a promise to provide a discount on APCs of eligible users (as defined in the contract) in exchange for an upfront payment. Enforceable right to payment occurs over time as we fulfill our obligation to provide a discount to eligible users, as defined, on future APCs. Therefore, the upfront payment is deferred and recognized over time.
Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other
Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other includes advertising, backfile sales, the licensing of publishing rights, journal and article reprints, and individual article sales. A backfile license provides access to a historical collection of Wiley journals, generally for a one-time fee.
Within Licensing, the revenue derived from these contracts is primarily comprised of advance payments, including minimum guarantees and sales- or usage-based royalty agreements. For our sales-or usage-based royalty agreements, we recognize revenue in the period of usage based on the amounts earned. We record revenue under these arrangements for the amounts due and not yet reported to us based on estimates of the sales or usage of these customers and pursuant to the terms of the contracts. We also have certain licenses whereby we receive a non-refundable minimum guarantee against a volume-based royalty throughout the term of the agreement. We recognize revenue for the minimum guarantee on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement because of the stand-ready promise to provide updates during the subscription period. We recognize volume-based royalty income only when cumulative consideration exceeds the minimum guarantee.
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Reprints contracts generally contain a single performance obligation which is the delivery of printed articles. Revenue is recognized at the time of delivery of the printed articles.
For Backfiles, the performance obligation is the granting of a functional intellectual property license. Revenue is recognized at the time the functional intellectual property license is granted.
Other includes our Article Select offering, whereby we have a single performance obligation to our customers to give access to an article through the purchase of a token. The customer redeems the token for access to the article for a 24-hour period. The customer purchases the tokens with an upfront cash payment. Revenue is recognized when access to the article is provided.
Publishing Technology Services (Atypon)
Atypon is a publishing software and service provider that enables scholarly and professional societies and publishers to deliver, host, enhance, market, and manage their content on the web through the Literatum platform. The duration of these contracts is generally multi-year ranging from 2-5 years. Atypon contracts typically include a single performance obligation for the implementation and hosting subscription services. The transaction price is fixed which may include price escalators that are fixed increases per year, and therefore, revenue is recognized upon the initiation of the subscription period and straight-lined over the contract period.
Publishing Segment
Included within the Publishing segment are the following revenue streams:

| ● | STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) and Professional Publishing,

| ● | Education Publishing,

| ● | Course Workflow (WileyPLUS),

| ● | Test Preparation and Certification, and

| ● | Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other.

STM (Scientific, Technical and Medical) and Professional Publishing and Education Publishing
STM books are sold and distributed globally in digital and print formats through multiple channels, including research libraries and library consortia, independent subscription agents, direct sales to professional society members, bookstores, online booksellers, and other customers.
Professional books, which include business and finance, technology, and other professional categories, as well as the For Dummies brand, are sold to bookstores and online booksellers serving the general public, wholesalers who supply such bookstores, warehouse clubs, college bookstores, individual practitioners, industrial organizations and government agencies. We employ sales representatives who call upon independent bookstores, national and regional chain bookstores, and wholesalers. Sales of professional books also result from direct mail campaigns, telemarketing, online access, advertising, and reviews in periodicals.
Education textbooks and related supplementary material and digital products are sold primarily to bookstores and online booksellers serving both for-profit and nonprofit educational institutions (primarily colleges and universities), and direct-to-students. We employ sales representatives who call on faculty responsible for selecting books to be used in courses, and on the bookstores that serve such institutions and their students. The textbook business is seasonal, with the majority of textbook sales occurring during the July-through-October and December-through-January periods. Book sales for STM, Professional and Education Publishing are generally made on a returnable basis with certain restrictions.
Our performance obligations as it relates to STM, Professional and Education Publishing are primarily book products delivered in both print and digital form which could include a single or multiple performance obligations based on the number of International Standard Book Number (“ISBN’s”) purchased.
This revenue stream also includes variable consideration as it relates to discounts and returns for both print and digital books. Discounts are identifiable by performance obligation and therefore are applied at the point of sale by performance obligation. The process that we use to determine our sales returns and the related reserve provision charged against revenue is based on applying an estimated return rate to current year returnable print book sales. This rate is based upon an analysis of actual historical return experience in the various markets and geographic regions in which we do business. We collect, maintain and analyze significant amounts of sales returns data for large volumes of homogeneous transactions. This allows us to make reasonable estimates of the amount of future returns. All available data is utilized to identify the returns by market and to which fiscal year the sales returns apply. This enables management to track the returns in detail and identify and react to trends occurring in the marketplace, with the objective of being able to make the most informed judgments possible in setting reserve rates. Associated with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related reduction in inventory and royalty costs as a result of the expected returns.
Index
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As it relates to print and digital books within the STM, Professional and Education Publishing, revenue is recognized at the point when control of product transfers, which for print is upon shipment or for digital when fulfillment of the products has been rendered.
Course Workflow (WileyPLUS)
We offer high-quality online learning solutions, including WileyPLUS, a research-based, online environment for effective teaching and learning that is integrated with a complete digital textbook. Course Workflow customers purchase access codes to utilize the product. This could include a single or multiple performance obligations based on the number of course ISBN’s purchased. Revenue is recognized from the point in time when the access codes are activated and then over the applicable semester term such product relates to.
Test Preparation and Certification
The Test Preparation and Certification business represents learning solutions and training activities that are delivered to customers directly through online digital delivery platforms. Products include CPAExcel, a modular, digital platform comprised of online self-study, videos, mobile apps, and sophisticated planning tools to help professionals prepare for the CPA exam, and test preparation products for the CFA®, CMA, CIA®, CMT®, FRN®, FINRA, Banking, and PMP® exams.
Test Preparation and Certification contracts are generally three-year agreements. This revenue stream includes multiple performance obligations as it relates to the on-line and printed course materials, including such items as text books, e-books, video lectures, flashcards, study guides and test banks. The transaction price is fixed; however, discounts are offered and returns of certain products are allowed. We allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price. Depending on the performance obligation, revenue is recognized at the time the product is delivered and control has passed to the customer or over time due to our stand-ready obligation to provide updates to the customer.
Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other
Licensing and distribution services are made available to other publishers under agency arrangements. We also engage in co-publishing titles with international publishers and receive licensing revenue from photocopies, reproductions, translations, and digital uses of our content. Wiley also realizes advertising revenue from branded Web sites (e.g., Dummies.com, etc.) and online applications. Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other contracts are generally multi-year agreements.
Revenue derived from our licensing contracts is primarily comprised of advance payments and sales- or usage-based royalties. Revenue for advance payments is recognized at the point in time that the functional intellectual property license is granted. For sales- or usage- based royalties, we record revenue under these arrangements for the amounts due and not yet reported to us based on estimates of the sales or usage of these customers and pursuant to the terms of the contracts.
Solutions Segment
Included within the Solutions segment are the following revenue streams:

| ● | Education Services,

| ● | Professional Assessment, and

| ● | Corporate Learning.

Education Services
As student demand for online degree and certificate programs continues to increase, traditional institutions are partnering with online program management providers to develop and support these programs. Education Services include market research, marketing, student recruitment, enrollment support, proactive retention support, academic services to design courses, faculty support, and access to the Engage Learning Management System, which facilitates the online education experience. Revenue is derived from pre-negotiated contracts with institutions that provide for a share of tuition generated from students who enroll in a program. The duration of Education Services contracts are generally multi-year agreements ranging from a period of 7-10 years, with some having optional renewal periods.
Index
20

Education Services includes a single performance obligation for the services provided because of the integrated technology and services our institutional clients need to attract, enroll, educate and support students. Consideration is variable since it is based on the number of students enrolled in a program. We begin to recognize revenue at the start of the delivery of the class within a semester, which is also the point at which the variable consideration contingency is resolved.
Professional Assessment
Our Professional Assessment services include pre-hire screening and post-hire personality assessments, which are delivered to business customers through online digital delivery platforms, either directly or through an authorized distributor network of independent consultants, trainers, and coaches. Professional Assessment services contracts are generally one year.
Professional Assessment includes a performance obligation to stand ready to provide assessments to our distributor’s customers or to provide assessments direct to a customer. Revenue for Professional Assessments is recognized at the time the product or service is provided or delivered. Consideration is allocated to assessments based on standalone selling prices. In addition, as it relates to Professional Assessments customers' unexercised rights for situations where we have received a nonrefundable payment for a customer to receive a good or service and the customer is not expected to exercise such right, we will recognize such “breakage” amounts as revenue in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer.
Corporate Learning
The Corporate Learning business offers online learning and training solutions for global corporations, universities, and small and medium-sized enterprises, which are sold on a subscription or fee basis. Learning formats and modules on topics such as leadership development, value creation, client orientation, change management and corporate strategy are delivered on a cloud-based Learning Management System (“LMS”) platform that hosts over 20,000 content assets (videos, digital learning modules, written files, etc.) in 17 languages. Its Mohive offering also provides a collaborative e-learning publishing and program creation system. Revenue growth is derived from legacy markets, such as France, England, and other European markets, and newer markets, such as the U.S. and Brazil. In addition, content and LMS offerings are continuously refreshed and expanded to serve a wider variety of customer needs. These digital learning solutions are sold directly to corporate customers either direct or through our partners. Corporate Learning contracts are generally multi-year agreements.
The transaction price consists of fixed consideration that is determined at the beginning of each year and received at the same time. Within Corporate Learning there are multiple performance obligations which includes the licenses to learning content and the learning application. Revenue is recognized over time as we have a continuous obligation to provide the right of access to the intellectual property which includes the licenses and learning applications.
Accounts Receivable, net and Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue) Balances
When consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract, a contract liability is recorded. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when, or as, control of the products or services are transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.
The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.

|  | January 31, 2019 |  |  | April 30, 2018 (1) |  |  | Increase/ (Decrease) |
Balances from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net (2) |  | $ | 194,764 |  |  | $ | 212,377 |  |  | $ | (17,613 | )
Contract liability (Deferred revenue) (2) |  |  | 271,541 |  |  |  | 486,353 |  |  |  | (214,812 | )
Contract liability (Deferred revenue) (included in Other Long-Term Liabilities) |  | $ | 14,722 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,722 |

(1) As noted above, prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method.
(2) Due to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the sales return reserve as of January 31, 2019 of $36.7 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, it was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
Revenue recognized for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019 relating to the contract liability at April 30, 2018 after the adjustments for the adoption of the new revenue standard on May 1, 2018 was $131.4 million and $518.2 million, respectively.
Index
21

Remaining Performance Obligations included in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue)
As of January 31, 2019, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations is approximately $286.3 million, which included the sales return reserve of $36.7 million. Excluding the sales return reserve, we expect that approximately $234.9 million will be recognized in the next twelve months with the remaining $14.7 million to be recognized thereafter.
Assets Recognized for the Costs to Fulfill a Contract
Costs to fulfill a contract are directly related to a contract that will be used to satisfy a performance obligation in the future and are expected to be recovered. These types of costs are incurred in the following revenue streams, (1) Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) and (2) Education Services.
Our assets associated with incremental costs to fulfill a contract were $7.6 million at January 31, 2019 and are included within Other Non-Current Assets on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. We recorded amortization expense of $0.7 million and $1.9 million during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019 related to these assets within Cost of Sales on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, respectively. The costs related to Education Services were previously included in Product Development Assets on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Certain costs related to Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) were previously included in Technology, Property and Equipment, net on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
Sales and value-added taxes are excluded from revenues. Shipping and handling costs, which are primarily incurred within the Publishing segment, occur before the transfer of control of the related goods. Therefore, in accordance with the new revenue standard, it is not considered a promised service to the customer and would be considered a cost to fulfill our promise to transfer the goods. Costs incurred for third party shipping and handling are reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. We incurred $7.9 million and $24.4 million in shipping and handling costs in the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019, respectively. We incurred $8.7 million and $25.3 million in shipping and handling costs in the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018, respectively.
Note 5 — Stock-Based Compensation
We have stock-based compensation plans under which employees may be granted performance-based stock awards and other restricted stock awards. Prior to fiscal year 2017, we also granted options to purchase shares of our common stock at the fair market value at the time of grant. We recognize the grant date fair value of stock-based compensation in net income on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period. The measurement of performance for performance-based stock awards is based on actual financial results for targets established three years in advance. For the three months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018, we recognized stock-based compensation expense, on a pre-tax basis, of $6.1 million and $4.0 million, respectively. For the nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018, we recognized stock-based compensation expense, on a pre-tax basis, of $15.0 million and $6.5 million, respectively.
The following table summarizes restricted stock awards we granted:

|  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Restricted Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |
Awards granted |  |  | 406 |  |  |  | 528 |
Weighted average fair value of grant |  | $ | 63.09 |  |  | $ | 53.27 |

Index
22

Note 6 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by component, net of tax, for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

|  | Foreign Currency Translation |  |  | Unamortized Retirement Costs |  |  | Interest Rate Swaps |  |  | Total |
Balance at October 31, 2018 |  | $ | (312,322 | ) |  | $ | (177,828 | ) |  | $ | 1,586 |  |  | $ | (488,564 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  |  | 17,515 |  |  |  | (3,141 | ) |  |  | 176 |  |  |  | 14,550 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,060 |  |  |  | (1,312 | ) |  |  | (252 | )
Total other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | 17,515 |  |  |  | (2,081 | ) |  |  | (1,136 | ) |  |  | 14,298 |
Balance at January 31, 2019 |  | $ | (294,807 | ) |  | $ | (179,909 | ) |  | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | (474,266 | )
Balance at April 30, 2018 |  | $ | (251,573 | ) |  | $ | (191,026 | ) |  | $ | 3,019 |  |  | $ | (439,580 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | (43,234 | ) |  |  | 7,852 |  |  |  | 789 |  |  |  | (34,593 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,265 |  |  |  | (3,358 | ) |  |  | (93 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (43,234 | ) |  |  | 11,117 |  |  |  | (2,569 | ) |  |  | (34,686 | )
Balance at January 31, 2019 |  | $ | (294,807 | ) |  | $ | (179,909 | ) |  | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | (474,266 | )

|  | Foreign Currency Translation |  |  | Unamortized Retirement Costs |  |  | Interest Rate Swaps |  |  | Total |
Balance at October 31, 2017 |  | $ | (286,171 | ) |  | $ | (193,028 | ) |  | $ | 2,473 |  |  | $ | (476,726 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | 51,401 |  |  |  | (9,686 | ) |  |  | 509 |  |  |  | 42,224 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,099 |  |  |  | 225 |  |  |  | 1,324 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 51,401 |  |  |  | (8,587 | ) |  |  | 734 |  |  |  | 43,548 |
Balance at January 31, 2018 |  | $ | (234,770 | ) |  | $ | (201,615 | ) |  | $ | 3,207 |  |  | $ | (433,178 | )
Balance at April 30, 2017 |  | $ | (319,212 | ) |  | $ | (190,502 | ) |  | $ | 2,427 |  |  | $ | (507,287 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | 84,442 |  |  |  | (14,376 | ) |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | 70,381 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,263 |  |  |  | 465 |  |  |  | 3,728 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 84,442 |  |  |  | (11,113 | ) |  |  | 780 |  |  |  | 74,109 |
Balance at January 31, 2018 |  | $ | (234,770 | ) |  | $ | (201,615 | ) |  | $ | 3,207 |  |  | $ | (433,178 | )

During the three months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018, pre-tax actuarial losses included in Unamortized Retirement Costs of approximately $1.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively, in each period were amortized from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss and recognized as pension expense in Operating and Administrative Expenses and Interest and Other Income in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. During the nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018, pre-tax actuarial losses of approximately $4.1 million and $4.4 million, respectively, were amortized.
Note 7 — Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding and Share Repurchases
A reconciliation of the shares used in the computation of earnings per share follows:

| Three Months Ended January 31, |  | Nine Months Ended January 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Weighted average shares outstanding |  | 57,200 |  |  | 57,170 |  |  | 57,383 |  |  | 57,123
Less: Unvested restricted shares |  | (42) |  |  | (135) |  |  | (53) |  |  | (144)
Shares used for basic earnings per share |  | 57,158 |  |  | 57,035 |  |  | 57,330 |  |  | 56,979
Dilutive effect of stock options and other stock awards |  | 468 |  |  | 836 |  |  | 552 |  |  | 757
Shares used for diluted earnings per share |  | 57,626 |  |  | 57,871 |  |  | 57,882 |  |  | 57,736

Since their inclusion in the calculation of diluted earnings per share would have been anti-dilutive, options to purchase 154,385 shares of Class A Common Stock have been excluded for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019, respectively and 255,187 shares of Class A Common Stock have been excluded for the nine months ended January 31, 2018. There were no options excluded for the three months ended January 31, 2018.
Index
23

Warrants to purchase 470,000 and 158,148 shares of Class A Common Stock have not been included for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019, respectively. There were no warrants issued during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018.
There were no restricted shares excluded for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019. There were no restricted shares excluded for the three months ended January 31, 2018 and there were 26,740 restricted shares excluded for the nine months ended January 31, 2018, respectively.
Share Repurchases and Dividends
During the three months ended January 31, 2019, we repurchased 208,711 shares of Class A Common stock at an average price of $47.91. During the three months ended January 31, 2018, we did not repurchase any shares of common stock.
During the nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018, we repurchased 633,831 and 550,757 shares of Class A Common stock, respectively, at an average price of $55.21 and $53.12, respectively.
The following table summarizes the cash dividends paid during the nine months ended January 31, 2019:

Date of Declaration by Board of Directors | Quarterly Cash Dividend | Total Dividend | Class of Common Stock | Dividend Paid Date | Shareholders of Record as of Date
June 21, 2018 | $0.33 per common share | $19.0 million | Class A and Class B | July 18, 2018 | July 3, 2018
September 26, 2018 | $0.33 per common share | $18.9 million | Class A and Class B | October 24, 2018 | October 9, 2018
December 19, 2018 | $0.33 per common share | $18.9 million | Class A and Class B | January 16, 2019 | January 2, 2019

Note 8 — Restructuring and Related Charges
Beginning in fiscal year 2013, we initiated a program (the “Restructuring and Reinvestment Program”) to restructure and realign our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. We are targeting most of the cost savings achieved to improve margins and earnings, with the remainder reinvested in growth opportunities.
The following tables summarize the pre-tax restructuring (credits) charges related to this program:

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  |  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |  |  | Total Charges |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Incurred to Date |
(Credits) Charges by Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research |  | $ | (51 | ) |  | $ | 690 |  |  | $ | 1,251 |  |  | $ | 5,138 |  |  | $ | 26,664 |
Publishing |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (392 | ) |  |  | 735 |  |  |  | 6,933 |  |  |  | 39,666 |
Solutions |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 1,277 |  |  |  | 914 |  |  |  | 3,447 |  |  |  | 7,161 |
Corporate Expenses |  |  | (367 | ) |  |  | 633 |  |  |  | 662 |  |  |  | 11,013 |  |  |  | 96,581 |
Total Restructuring and Related (Credits) Charges |  | $ | (348 | ) |  | $ | 2,208 |  |  | $ | 3,562 |  |  | $ | 26,531 |  |  | $ | 170,072 |
(Credits) Charges by Activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance |  | $ | (911 | ) |  | $ | 1,781 |  |  | $ | 1,983 |  |  | $ | 25,047 |  |  | $ | 116,786 |
Consulting and Contract Termination Costs |  |  | 301 |  |  |  | 427 |  |  |  | 526 |  |  |  | 1,948 |  |  |  | 21,155 |
Other Activities |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,053 |  |  |  | (464 | ) |  |  | 32,131 |
Total Restructuring and Related (Credits) Charges |  | $ | (348 | ) |  | $ | 2,208 |  |  | $ | 3,562 |  |  | $ | 26,531 |  |  | $ | 170,072 |

Other Activities for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018 include lease impairment related costs. The credits in Other Activities for the nine months ended January 31, 2018 mainly reflect changes in estimates for previously accrued restructuring charges related to facility lease reserves.
Index
24

The following table summarizes the activity for the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability for the nine months ended January 31, 2019:

|  | April 30, 2018 |  |  | Charges |  |  | Payments |  |  | Foreign Translation & Other Adjustments |  |  | January 31, 2019 |
Severance |  | $ | 17,279 |  |  | $ | 1,983 |  |  | $ | (11,108 | ) |  | $ | (229 | ) |  | $ | 7,925 |
Consulting and Contract Termination Costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | 526 |  |  |  | (223 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 303 |
Other Activities |  |  | 2,772 |  |  |  | 1,053 |  |  |  | (1,250 | ) |  |  | 261 |  |  |  | 2,836 |
Total |  | $ | 20,051 |  |  | $ | 3,562 |  |  | $ | (12,581 | ) |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 11,064 |

The restructuring liability as of January 31, 2019 for accrued Severance costs is reflected in Accrued Employment Costs in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The liability as of January 31, 2019, for Consulting and Contract Termination Costs is reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities. As of January 31, 2019, approximately $1.2 million and $1.6 million of the Other Activities are reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities, respectively, and mainly relate to facility relocation and lease impairment related costs. We currently do not anticipate any further material charges related to the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program.
The amount included in Other Long-Term Liabilities that relates to Other Activities is expected to be paid starting in 2020 until 2022.
Note 9 — Segment Information
We report our segment information in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 280.
Segment information is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  |  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 (1) |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 (1) |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research |  | $ | 226,353 |  |  | $ | 223,489 |  |  | $ | 679,990 |  |  | $ | 675,986 |
Publishing |  |  | 145,635 |  |  |  | 170,244 |  |  |  | 428,055 |  |  |  | 466,507 |
Solutions |  |  | 77,379 |  |  |  | 61,942 |  |  |  | 200,845 |  |  |  | 176,357 |
Total Revenue |  | $ | 449,367 |  |  | $ | 455,675 |  |  | $ | 1,308,890 |  |  | $ | 1,318,850 |
Contribution to Profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research |  | $ | 60,532 |  |  | $ | 58,253 |  |  | $ | 176,565 |  |  | $ | 188,861 |
Publishing |  |  | 33,706 |  |  |  | 47,895 |  |  |  | 86,881 |  |  |  | 94,278 |
Solutions |  |  | (3,427 | ) |  |  | 6,403 |  |  |  | 6,846 |  |  |  | 11,744 |
Total Contribution to Profit (1) |  | $ | 90,811 |  |  | $ | 112,551 |  |  | $ | 270,292 |  |  | $ | 294,883 |
Corporate Expenses |  |  | (40,465 | ) |  |  | (47,157 | ) |  |  | (126,331 | ) |  |  | (136,131 | )
Operating Income (1) |  | $ | 50,346 |  |  | $ | 65,394 |  |  | $ | 143,961 |  |  | $ | 158,752 |

(1) | Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits of $2.0 million and $6.0 million related to the non-service components of defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest Income and Other for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018, respectively. Refer to Note 2, "Recent Accounting Standards," in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the three months ended January 31, 2018 was $1.0 million in Research, $0.6 million in Publishing, and $0.4 million in Corporate expenses. The impact of the reclassification on Contribution to Profit by segment for the nine months ended January 31, 2018 was $3.1 million in Research, $1.7 million in Publishing, and $1.2 million in Corporate expenses.

Index
25

Note 10 — Inventories
Inventories were as follows:

|  | January 31, 2019 |  |  | April 30, 2018 |
Finished goods |  | $ | 31,777 |  |  | $ | 36,503 |
Work-in-process |  |  | 2,384 |  |  |  | 2,139 |
Paper and other materials |  |  | 611 |  |  |  | 550 |
|  | $ | 34,772 |  |  | $ | 39,192 |
Inventory value of estimated sales returns |  |  | 5,046 |  |  |  | 4,626 |
LIFO reserve |  |  | (4,554 | ) |  |  | (4,329 | )
Total inventories |  | $ | 35,264 |  |  | $ | 39,489 |

Note 11 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill by segment as of January 31, 2019:

|  | April 30, 2018 |  |  | Acquisition (1) |  |  | Foreign Translation Adjustment |  |  | January 31, 2019 |
Research |  | $ | 463,419 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (18,338 | ) |  | $ | 445,081 |
Publishing |  |  | 283,851 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (518 | ) |  |  | 283,333 |
Solutions |  |  | 272,531 |  |  |  | 109,139 |  |  |  | (6,862 | ) |  |  | 374,808 |
Total |  | $ | 1,019,801 |  |  | $ | 109,139 |  |  | $ | (25,718 | ) |  | $ | 1,103,222 |

(1) Refer to Note 3, “Acquisition,” in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018.
The April 30, 2018 goodwill balances for Publishing and Solutions have been revised to reflect foreign translation adjustments of $11.6 million.
Intangible Assets
Identifiable intangible assets, net consisted of the following:

|  | January 31, 2019 |  |  | April 30, 2018 |
Intangible Assets with Determinable Lives, net: |  |  |  |  |  |
Content and Publishing Rights (1) |  | $ | 405,426 |  |  | $ | 436,760 |
Customer Relationships (1) |  |  | 251,855 |  |  |  | 161,729 |
Brands and Trademarks |  |  | 13,663 |  |  |  | 16,100 |
Covenants not to Compete |  |  | 497 |  |  |  | 655 |
Total |  |  | 671,441 |  |  |  | 615,244 |
Intangible Assets with Indefinite Lives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brands and Trademarks |  |  | 132,912 |  |  |  | 138,589 |
Content and Publishing Rights |  |  | 88,250 |  |  |  | 94,238 |
Total |  |  | 221,162 |  |  |  | 232,827 |
Total Intangible Assets, Net |  | $ | 892,603 |  |  | $ | 848,071 |

(1) As of January 31, 2019, amounts include intangible assets acquired as part of the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018. Refer to Note 3, “Acquisition,” in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.
In conjunction with a business review performed in the Publishing segment associated with the restructuring activities disclosed in Note 8, “Restructuring and Related Charges”, in the three months ended July 31, 2017, we identified an indefinite lived brand with forecasted cash flows that did not support its carrying value. As a result, an impairment charge of $3.6 million was recorded in the three months ended July 31, 2017 to reduce the carrying value of the brand to its fair value of $1.2 million, which is being amortized over its estimated remaining useful life. This impairment charge was included in Operating and Administrative Expenses in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for fiscal year 2018.
Index
26

Note 12 — Income Taxes
The effective tax rate for the three months ended January 31, 2019 was 22.7%, compared to a tax benefit of 18.1% for the three months ended January 31, 2018. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 was 22.6% compared to 4.0% in the corresponding prior year period. The rates for the three months and nine months ended January 31, 2019 were higher than the rates for the corresponding prior periods due to the impact of U.S. tax legislation originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) enacted on December 22, 2017. During the three months and nine months ended January 31, 2018, we recorded a provisional estimated net tax benefit of $25 million. Excluding the effects of this non-recurring item, the rates would have been 24.8% and 21.4% for the three months and nine months ended January 31, 2018, respectively.
The 22.7% rate for the three months ended January 31, 2019 is lower than 24.8% primarily due to the decrease in U.S. statutory tax rate. The 22.6% rate for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 is higher than 21.4%, primarily due to large equity compensation deductions from significant vesting of restricted stock and other one-time adjustments as well as the impact of a relatively high tax benefit on restructuring costs incurred during the nine months ended January 31, 2018, partially offset by the lower U.S. statutory tax rate.
The Tax Act
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted the Tax Act which significantly changed U.S tax law by, among other changes, the following:
● lowered the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% with a potentially lower rate for certain foreign derived income, while imposing a deemed repatriation tax on previously deferred foreign income.
● created new additional taxes on certain foreign earnings.
We completed our accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Act during our third quarter of 2019, in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) measurement period.
As mentioned above, the newly created taxes of the Tax Act, effective for us on May 1, 2018, include a provision designed to tax certain global income ("GILTI"), and a base erosion anti-abuse tax ("BEAT") as well as a new deduction for certain foreign derived intangible income (“FDII”). We recorded a minor benefit during the nine months ended January 31, 2019 and we may adjust this amount in connection with our year-end results and as additional guidance is provided.
Note 13 — Retirement Plans
The components of net pension expense (income) for our global defined benefit plans were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  |  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Service cost |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 688 |  |  | $ | 715 |
Interest cost |  |  | 6,103 |  |  |  | 6,407 |  |  |  | 18,484 |  |  |  | 19,005 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (9,638 | ) |  |  | (9,924 | ) |  |  | (29,260 | ) |  |  | (29,363 | )
Net amortization of prior service cost |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | (72 | ) |  |  | (72 | )
Unrecognized net actuarial loss |  |  | 1,429 |  |  |  | 1,536 |  |  |  | 4,337 |  |  |  | 4,550 |
Pension plan actuarial loss |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21 |
Net pension income |  |  | (1,904 | ) |  |  | (1,762 | ) |  |  | (5,823 | ) |  |  | (5,144 | )

We adopted ASU 2017-07, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,” on May 1, 2018. Refer to Note 2, "Recent Accounting Standards," in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. The guidance requires that the service cost component of net pension and postretirement benefit costs be reported in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. Such amounts are reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The guidance requires that the other components of net benefit costs be reported separately from the service cost component and below operating income. Such amounts are reflected in Interest Income and Other on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. We were required to retrospectively adopt this guidance.
Index
27

Employer defined benefit pension plan contributions were $15.8 million and $2.8 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $22.9 million and $8.4 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Included in our defined benefit pension contributions for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019 was a discretionary contribution of $10.0 million to the U.S. Employees' Retirement Plan of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The expense for employer defined contribution plans were approximately $2.6 million and $3.4 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $9.9 million and $11.3 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Note 14 — Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
From time-to-time, we enter into forward exchange and interest rate swap contracts as a hedge against foreign currency asset and liability commitments, changes in interest rates and anticipated transaction exposures, including intercompany purchases. All derivatives are recognized as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Derivatives that are not determined to be effective hedges are adjusted to fair value with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. We do not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Interest Rate Contracts
We had $633.5 million of variable rate loans outstanding at January 31, 2019, which approximated fair value.
As of January 31, 2019 and 2018 the interest rate swap agreements maintained by us were designated as cash flow hedges as defined under ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging.” As a result, there was no impact on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps as they were fully offset by changes in the interest expense on the underlying variable rate debt instruments.
On April 4, 2016, we entered into a forward starting interest rate swap agreement which fixed a portion of the variable interest due on a variable rate debt renewal on May 16, 2016. Under the terms of the agreement, we pay a fixed rate of 0.92% and receive a variable rate of interest based on one-month LIBOR from the counterparty which is reset every month for a three-year period ending May 15, 2019. As of January 31, 2019 and April 30, 2018, the notional amount of the interest rate swap was $350.0 million. It is management’s intention that the notional amount of interest rate swaps be less than the variable rate loans outstanding during the life of the derivatives.
We record the fair value of our interest rate swaps on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs of quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets. The fair value of the interest rate swaps as of January 31, 2019 and April 30, 2018 was a deferred gain of $1.8 million and $5.1 million, respectively. Based on the maturity dates of the contracts, the entire deferred gain as of January 31, 2019 was recorded within Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets and as of April 30, 2018 was recorded within Other Non-Current Assets.
The pre-tax gains that were reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Interest Expense for the three months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018 were $1.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The pre-tax gains that were reclassified from Accumulated Other Compensation Loss into Interest Expense in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018 were $3.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively.
Foreign Currency Contracts
We may enter into forward exchange contracts to manage our exposure on certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. The forward exchange contracts are marked to market through Foreign Exchange Transaction (Losses) Gains in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and carried at their fair value in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities are remeasured at spot rates in effect on the balance sheet date, with the effects of changes in spot rates reported in Foreign Exchange Transaction (Losses) Gains in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
As of January 31, 2019, and April 30, 2018, we did not maintain any open forward exchange contracts. In addition, we did not maintain any open forward contracts during the nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018.
Index
28

Note 15 — Commitments and Contingencies
We are involved in routine litigation in the ordinary course of our business. A provision for litigation is accrued when information available to us indicates that it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment may be required to determine both the probability and estimates of loss. When the amount of the loss can only be estimated within a range, the most likely outcome within that range is accrued. If no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount within the range is accrued. When uncertainties exist related to the probable outcome of litigation and/or the amount or range of loss, we do not record a liability, but disclose facts related to the nature of the contingency and possible losses if management considers the information to be material. Reserves for legal defense costs are recognized when incurred. The accruals for loss contingencies and legal costs are reviewed regularly and may be adjusted to reflect updated information on the status of litigation and advice of legal counsel. In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of all pending litigation as of January 31, 2019, will not have a material effect upon our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Condition or Results of Operations.
Index
29

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The information in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read together with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes set forth in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our MD&A set forth in Item 7 of Part II of our 2018 Form 10-K and our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes set forth in Item 8 of Part II of our 2018 Form 10-K. See Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” below and “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements “Safe Harbor” Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995,” above, and the information referenced therein, for a description of risks that we face and important factors that we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from those in our forward-looking statements. All amounts and percentages are approximate due to rounding and all dollars are in thousands, except per share amounts or where otherwise noted. When we cross-reference to a “Note,” we are referring to our “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements,” unless the context indicates otherwise.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – THREE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2019
CONSOLIDATED OPERATING RESULTS
Revenue:
Revenue for the three months ended January 31, 2019 decreased $6.3 million, or 1%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased $4.7 million, or 1%, mainly driven by the following factors:

● | an increase in the Education Services business due to the incremental impact of the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018 which contributed $13.4 million in revenue, and

● | an increase in our Research segment, primarily driven by growth in Open Access.

These increases were partially offset by declines in Publishing print products sales.
Refer to Note 3, “Acquisition,” for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.
See the “Segment Operating Results” below for additional details on each segment’s revenue and contribution to profit performance.
Cost of Sales:
Cost of sales for the three months ended January 31, 2019 increased $7.5 million, or 6%, compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, cost of sales increased $10.5 million, or 8%. The constant currency increase was primarily due to employment and marketing costs due to the incremental impact of the acquisition of Learning House.
In connection with the acquisition of Learning House, we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Including these expenses in Cost of Sales will better align these costs with the related revenue and conform with the presentation of such costs for Learning House. This change in accounting policy was applied retrospectively. The amount reclassified for the three months ended January 31, 2018 was $11.2 million. Refer to “Change in Accounting Policy” in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 3, “Acquisition,” for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.
Gross Profit Margin:
Gross profit margin was 68.0% and 70.1% for the three months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. On a constant currency basis, the gross profit margin would have been 68.1%.
Operating and Administrative Expenses:
Operating and administrative expenses for the three months ended January 31, 2019 increased $1.2 million, or flat, compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, operating and administrative expenses increased $5.6 million, or 2%. The increase was primarily due to the incremental impact of Learning House operating and administrative expenses.
Index
30

Restructuring and Related (Credits) Charges:
Beginning in fiscal year 2013, we initiated the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program to restructure and realign our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. We are targeting most of the cost savings achieved to improve margins and earnings, with the remainder reinvested in growth opportunities.
For the three months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded pre-tax restructuring (credits) charges of ($0.3) million and $2.2 million, respectively, related to this program. These (credits) charges are reflected in Restructuring and Related (Credits) Charges in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and summarized in the following table:

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  |  | Total Charges |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Incurred to Date |
(Credits) Charges by Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research |  | $ | (51 | ) |  | $ | 690 |  |  | $ | 26,664 |
Publishing |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (392 | ) |  |  | 39,666 |
Solutions |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 1,277 |  |  |  | 7,161 |
Corporate Expenses |  |  | (367 | ) |  |  | 633 |  |  |  | 96,581 |
Total Restructuring and Related (Credits) Charges |  | $ | (348 | ) |  | $ | 2,208 |  |  | $ | 170,072 |
(Credits) Charges by Activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance |  | $ | (911 | ) |  | $ | 1,781 |  |  | $ | 116,786 |
Consulting and Contract Termination Costs |  |  | 301 |  |  |  | 427 |  |  |  | 21,155 |
Other Activities |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 32,131 |
Total Restructuring and Related (Credits) Charges |  | $ | (348 | ) |  | $ | 2,208 |  |  | $ | 170,072 |

Other Activities for the three months ended January 31, 2019 include lease impairment related costs.
We currently do not anticipate any further material charges related to the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program.
Amortization of Intangibles:
Amortization of intangibles was $14.8 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019, an increase of $2.6 million, or 21%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, amortization of intangibles increased $2.8 million, or 23%, as compared with prior year. The increase in amortization was primarily due to the acquisition of intangibles as part of the Learning House acquisition.
Operating Income:
Operating income was $50.3 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019, a decrease of $15.0 million, or 23%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding the impact from Learning House, which was an operating loss of $5.2 million, operating income decreased $9.0 million, or 13%, primarily due to lower gross profit.
Interest Expense:
Interest expense for the three months ended January 31, 2019 was $5.3 million, an increase of 62% as compared with prior year of $3.3 million. This increase was due to higher average debt balances outstanding, which included borrowings for the funding of the acquisition of Learning House, and a higher weighted average effective borrowing rate.
Foreign Exchange Transaction Losses:
Foreign exchange transaction losses were $2.5 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019 and were primarily due to the net impact of the change in average foreign exchange rates as compared to the U.S. dollar on our third-party accounts receivable and payable balances. For the three months ended January 31, 2018, foreign exchange transaction losses were $6.0 million primarily due to the net impact of the change in average foreign exchange rates as compared to the U.S. dollar on our intercompany accounts receivable and payable balances.
Provision for Income Taxes:
The effective tax rate for the three months ended January 31, 2019 was 22.7%, compared to a tax benefit of 18.1% for the three months ended January 31, 2018. The rate for the three months ended January 31, 2019 was higher than the rate for the corresponding prior period due to the impact of the Tax Act. During the three months ended January 31, 2018, we recorded a provisional estimated net tax benefit of $25 million. Excluding the effects of this non-recurring item, the rate would have been 24.8% for the three months ended January 31, 2018. The 22.7% rate for the three months ended January 31, 2019 is lower than 24.8% primarily due to the decrease in U.S. statutory tax rate.
Index
31

The Tax Act
The information set forth in Note 12, "Income Taxes” of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption "The Tax Act," is incorporated herein by reference and further describes the impact of the Tax Act.
Diluted Earnings per Share (“EPS”):
EPS for the three months ended January 31, 2019 was $0.61 per share compared with $1.19 per share in the prior year. Excluding the impact of the items included in the table below, Adjusted EPS for the three months ended January 31, 2019 decreased 30% to $0.61 per share compared with $0.87 per share in the prior year. On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EPS decreased 22% due to lower Adjusted Operating Income, partially offset by lower foreign exchange transaction losses. Adjusted EPS for the three months ended January 31, 2019 was also lower as compared with prior year due to an $0.11 per share dilutive impact of the Learning House acquisition.

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
GAAP EPS |  | $ | 0.61 |  |  | $ | 1.19 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring and related (credits) charges |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.04 |
Foreign exchange losses on intercompany transactions |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.07 |
Impact of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.43 | )
Non-GAAP Adjusted EPS |  | $ | 0.61 |  |  | $ | 0.87 |

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  |  |  |  |  | % Change |
RESEARCH: |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 (a) |  |  | % Change |  |  | w/o FX (b) |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Journal Subscriptions |  | $ | 152,291 |  |  | $ | 160,287 |  |  |  | (5 | )% |  |  | (1 | )%
Open Access |  |  | 14,194 |  |  |  | 9,905 |  |  |  | 43 | % |  |  | 48 | %
Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other |  |  | 50,804 |  |  |  | 45,035 |  |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | 16 | %
Total Journal Revenue |  |  | 217,289 |  |  |  | 215,227 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 4 | %
Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) |  |  | 9,064 |  |  |  | 8,262 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 10 | %
Total Research Revenue |  |  | 226,353 |  |  |  | 223,489 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 5 | %
Cost of Sales |  |  | 62,839 |  |  |  | 62,535 |  |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 4 | %
Gross Profit |  |  | 163,514 |  |  |  | 160,954 |  |  |  | 2 | % |  |  | 5 | %
Gross Profit Margin |  |  | 72.2 | % |  |  | 72.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses |  |  | 96,092 |  |  |  | 95,277 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 3 | %
Amortization of Intangibles |  |  | 6,941 |  |  |  | 6,734 |  |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 6 | %
Restructuring (Credits) Charges (See Note 8) |  |  | (51 | ) |  |  | 690 |  |  |  | # |  |  |  | # |
Contribution to Profit |  | $ | 60,532 |  |  | $ | 58,253 |  |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 8 | %
Contribution Margin |  |  | 26.7 | % |  |  | 26.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(a) | Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits related to defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income. The amount for the three months ended January 31, 2018 for the Research segment was $1.0 million. Refer to Note 2, "Recent Accounting Standards," for more information.

(b) | Adjusted to exclude FX impact and Restructuring (Credits) Charges.

# Not meaningful
Index
32

Revenue:
Research revenue for the three months ended January 31, 2019 increased 1% to $226.4 million on a reported basis and increased 5% or $10.3 million on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. This increase was due to continued strong growth in publication volumes for Open Access, particularly hybrid journals, partially offset by a decrease in Journal Subscriptions.
Gross Profit:
Gross profit for the three months ended January 31, 2019 increased 2% as compared with prior year. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange, gross profit increased 5%. This increase was primarily driven by higher revenues, partially offset by an increase in royalty costs. Gross profit margin was 72.2% compared with prior year of 72.0%. On a constant currency basis, gross profit margin would have been 72.3%.
Contribution to Profit:
Contribution to profit increased 4% to $60.5 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019 as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring (credits) charges, contribution to profit increased 8% compared with prior year. This increase was primarily due to the increase in gross profit, partially offset by higher operating costs of $2.6 million, which reflected investments in additional resources in editorial to support increased journal publishing, marketing and sales.
Society Partnerships:
For the three months ended January 31, 2019:
● 1 new society journal was signed with annual revenue of $0.6 million,
● 51 society journals were renewed/extended with a combined annual revenue of $15.4 million,
● 8 society journals were not renewed with $1.5 million in combined annual revenue.
Projekt DEAL
In the third quarter of 2019, we completed a new agreement with a national consortium representing all 700 German academic institutions. This new three-year agreement provides those German libraries and their researchers with both subscriptions access and open access publishing. We expect to generate modestly more revenue from this new arrangement and the opportunity to grow revenue through higher publishing volumes.

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  |  |  |  |  | % Change |
PUBLISHING: |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 (a) |  |  | % Change |  |  | w/o FX (b) |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
STM and Professional Publishing |  | $ | 64,599 |  |  | $ | 80,775 |  |  |  | (20 | )% |  |  | (18 | )%
Education Publishing |  |  | 37,437 |  |  |  | 48,446 |  |  |  | (23 | )% |  |  | (21 | )%
Course Workflow (WileyPLUS) |  |  | 22,935 |  |  |  | 21,406 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 8 | %
Test Preparation and Certification |  |  | 9,560 |  |  |  | 7,758 |  |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | 24 | %
Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other |  |  | 11,104 |  |  |  | 11,859 |  |  |  | (6 | )% |  |  | (4 | )%
Total Publishing Revenue |  |  | 145,635 |  |  |  | 170,244 |  |  |  | (14 | )% |  |  | (13 | )%
Cost of Sales |  |  | 43,370 |  |  |  | 52,158 |  |  |  | (17 | )% |  |  | (15 | )%
Gross Profit |  |  | 102,265 |  |  |  | 118,086 |  |  |  | (13 | )% |  |  | (12 | )%
Gross Profit Margin |  |  | 70.2 | % |  |  | 69.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses |  |  | 66,563 |  |  |  | 68,561 |  |  |  | (3 | )% |  |  | (1 | )%
Amortization of Intangibles |  |  | 2,000 |  |  |  | 2,022 |  |  |  | (1 | )% |  |  | (1 | )%
Restructuring Credits (see Note 8) |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (392 | ) |  |  | (99 | )% |  |  | (99 | )%
Contribution to Profit |  | $ | 33,706 |  |  | $ | 47,895 |  |  |  | (30 | )% |  |  | (28 | )%
Contribution Margin |  |  | 23.1 | % |  |  | 28.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(a) | Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits related to defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income. The amount for the three months ended January 31, 2018 for the Publishing segment was $0.6 million. Refer to Note 2, "Recent Accounting Standards," for more information.

(b) Adjusted to exclude FX impact and Restructuring Credits.
Index
33

Revenue:
Publishing revenue decreased 14% to $145.6 million on a reported basis and decreased 13% on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. This decrease was primarily due to a decline in STM and Professional Publishing and, to a lesser extent, a decline in Education Publishing due to lower sales of our print products.
Gross Profit:
Gross profit decreased 13% as compared with prior year, and 12% on a constant currency basis, primarily due to the decline in revenue as described above.
Contribution to Profit:
Contribution to profit decreased 30% to $33.7 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019 as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring credits, contribution to profit decreased 28% as compared with the prior year. This decrease was primarily due to lower gross profit.

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  |  |  |  |  | % Change |
SOLUTIONS: |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 (a) |  |  | % Change |  |  | w/o FX (b) |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Education Services |  | $ | 46,207 |  |  | $ | 32,242 |  |  |  | 43 | % |  |  | 43 | %
Professional Assessment |  |  | 14,600 |  |  |  | 13,228 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 10 | %
Corporate Learning |  |  | 16,572 |  |  |  | 16,472 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 5 | %
Total Solutions Revenue |  |  | 77,379 |  |  |  | 61,942 |  |  |  | 25 | % |  |  | 26 | %
Cost of Sales |  |  | 37,669 |  |  |  | 21,668 |  |  |  | 74 | % |  |  | 75 | %
Gross Profit |  |  | 39,710 |  |  |  | 40,274 |  |  |  | (1 | )% |  |  | 0 | %
Gross Profit Margin |  |  | 51.3 | % |  |  | 65.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses |  |  | 37,229 |  |  |  | 29,189 |  |  |  | 28 | % |  |  | 29 | %
Amortization of Intangibles |  |  | 5,834 |  |  |  | 3,405 |  |  |  | 71 | % |  |  | 73 | %
Restructuring Charges (see Note 8) |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 1,277 |  |  |  | (94 | )% |  |  | (94 | )%
Contribution to Profit |  | $ | (3,427 | ) |  | $ | 6,403 |  |  |  | # |  |  |  | # |
Contribution Margin |  |  | (4.4 | )% |  |  | 10.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(a) In connection with the acquisition of Learning House, we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $11.2 million for the three months ended January 31, 2018. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, or Contribution to Profit. Refer to “Change in Accounting Policy” in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 3, “Acquisition,” for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.
(b) Adjusted to exclude FX impact and Restructuring Charges.
# Not meaningful
Index
34

Revenue:
Solutions revenue increased 25% to $77.4 million, or 26% on a constant currency basis, as compared with prior year. The increase was mainly driven by the incremental impact of the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018, which contributed $13.4 million in revenue, as well as higher revenues of $1.4 million in Professional Assessment services.
Gross Profit:
Gross profit decreased 1% to $39.7 million, or flat on a constant currency basis, as compared with prior year. The increase in revenue noted above was offset by higher costs of sales primarily due to higher marketing costs, and to a lesser extent, employment related costs of $15.3 million, which was primarily due to the incremental impact of the acquisition of Learning House and, to a lesser extent, an increase in the legacy Education Services business marketing costs due to increased investments to support revenue growth.
Contribution to Profit:
On a constant currency basis, excluding restructuring charges and the impact from Learning House, which was an operating loss of $5.2 million, contribution to profit decreased 76% as compared with prior year. This was due to lower gross profit and higher operating expenses, primarily due to increased marketing, and sales costs.
Legacy Education Services Partners and Programs:
As of January 31, 2019, Wiley had 36 university partners and 257 programs under contract. As of January 31, 2018, Wiley had 38 university partners and 247 programs under contract.
CORPORATE EXPENSES:
Corporate expenses for the three months ended January 31, 2019 decreased 14% to $40.5 million as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring (credits) charges, these expenses decreased 11%. This decrease was primarily due to lower employee costs.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2019
CONSOLIDATED OPERATING RESULTS
Revenue:
Revenue for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 decreased 1%, or $10.0 million, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased $7.4 million or 1% as compared with prior year. This increase was primarily due to the incremental impact of the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018, which contributed $13.4 million in revenue, and increased revenue in our Research segment driven by Open Access and Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other offerings. These increases were offset by declines in Publishing print product sales and lower Journal Subscriptions revenue in our Research segment.
See the “Segment Operating Results” below for additional details on each segment’s revenue and contribution to profit performance.
Cost of Sales:
Cost of sales for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 increased $9.8 million, or 2%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, cost of sales increased $14.0 million, or 4%. The constant currency increase was primarily due to the following factors:

● | the incremental impact of Learning House, primarily due to marketing and employment related costs,

● | an increase in legacy Education Services business marketing costs of $6.9 million due to increased investments to support revenue growth; and,

● | higher royalty costs of $3.0 million.

These increases were offset by lower inventory costs of $7.7 million.
As noted above, in connection with the acquisition of Learning House, we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The amount reclassified for the nine months ended January 31, 2018 was $34.7 million. Refer to “Change in Accounting Policy” in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 3, “Acquisition,” for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.
Index
35

Gross Profit Margin:
Gross profit margin for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 was 69.1% compared with 70.1% in the prior year. On a constant currency basis, the gross profit margin would have been 69.2%.
Operating and Administrative Expenses:
Operating and administrative expenses for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 increased $14.2 million, or 2%, as compared with prior year and 3% on a constant currency basis. The increase was primarily due to higher costs related to increased resources in editorial, marketing, advertising and sales of $17.5 million, the incremental impact of the acquisition of Learning House and higher technology costs of $2.0 million due to business investments. These factors were partially offset by lower administrative costs of $4.9 million, which included an impairment charge in the prior year related to one of our Publishing brands of $3.6 million.
Restructuring and Related Charges:
For the nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded pre-tax restructuring charges of $3.6 million and $26.5 million, respectively, related to the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program.
These charges are reflected in Restructuring and Related (Credits) Charges in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and summarized in the following table:

|  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |  |  | Total Charges |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Incurred to Date |
Charges by Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research |  | $ | 1,251 |  |  | $ | 5,138 |  |  | $ | 26,664 |
Publishing |  |  | 735 |  |  |  | 6,933 |  |  |  | 39,666 |
Solutions |  |  | 914 |  |  |  | 3,447 |  |  |  | 7,161 |
Corporate Expenses |  |  | 662 |  |  |  | 11,013 |  |  |  | 96,581 |
Total Restructuring and Related Charges |  | $ | 3,562 |  |  | $ | 26,531 |  |  | $ | 170,072 |
Charges (Credits) by Activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance |  | $ | 1,983 |  |  | $ | 25,047 |  |  | $ | 116,786 |
Consulting and Contract Termination Costs |  |  | 526 |  |  |  | 1,948 |  |  |  | 21,155 |
Other Activities |  |  | 1,053 |  |  |  | (464 | ) |  |  | 32,131 |
Total Restructuring and Related Charges |  | $ | 3,562 |  |  | $ | 26,531 |  |  | $ | 170,072 |

Other Activities for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 include lease impairment related costs. The credits in Other Activities for the nine months ended January 31, 2018 mainly reflect changes in estimates for previously accrued restructuring charges related to facility lease reserves.
Amortization of Intangibles:
Amortization of intangibles was $39.8 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2019, an increase of $3.9 million as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, amortization of intangibles increased 11%. The increase in amortization was primarily due to the acquisition of intangibles as part of the acquisition of Learning House and, to a lesser extent, in the Research segment due to the timing of the acquisitions of publishing rights in the second half of 2018.
Operating Income:
Operating income was $144.0 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2019, a decrease of $14.8 million, or 9%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, excluding the impact from Learning House, which was an operating loss of $5.2 million, and restructuring charges and the brand impairment charge in the prior year, operating income decreased $28.3 million, or 15%, due to higher expenses and lower revenue.
Index
36

Interest Expense:
Interest expense for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 increased $1.7 million to $11.8 million on a reported basis. This increase was due to a higher average debt balances outstanding, which included borrowings for the funding of the acquisition of Learning House, and a higher weighted average effective borrowing rate.
Foreign Exchange Transaction Losses:
Foreign exchange transaction losses were $4.3 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 and were primarily due to the net impact of the change in average foreign exchange rates as compared to the U.S. dollar on our intercompany accounts receivable and payable balances. For the nine months ended January 31, 2018, foreign exchange transaction losses were $11.6 million which were primarily due to the impact of changes in average foreign exchange rates as compared to the U.S. dollar on our intercompany accounts receivable and payable balances.
Provision for Income Taxes:
The effective tax rate for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 was 22.6%, compared to 4.0% for the nine months ended January 31, 2018. The rate for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 was higher than the rate for the corresponding prior period due to the impact of the Tax Act. During the nine months ended January 31, 2018, we recorded a provisional estimated net tax benefit of $25 million. Excluding the effects of this non-recurring item, the rate would have been 21.4% for the nine months ended January 31, 2018. The 22.6% rate for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 is higher than 21.4%, primarily due to large equity compensation deductions from significant vesting of restricted stock and other one-time adjustments as well as the impact of a relatively high tax benefit on restructuring costs incurred during the nine months ended January 31, 2018, partially offset by the lower U.S. statutory tax rate.
Diluted Earnings per Share (“EPS”):
EPS for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 was $1.81 per share compared with $2.39 per share in the prior year. Excluding the impact of the items included in the table below, Adjusted EPS for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 decreased 23% to $1.92 per share compared with $2.49 per share in the prior year. On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EPS decreased 18% primarily due to lower Adjusted Operating Income, partially offset by lower foreign exchange transaction losses. Adjusted EPS for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 was also lower as compared with prior year due to an $0.11 per share dilutive impact of the Learning House acquisition.

|  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
GAAP EPS |  | $ | 1.81 |  |  | $ | 2.39 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring and related charges |  |  | 0.05 |  |  |  | 0.37 |
Foreign exchange losses on intercompany transactions |  |  | 0.06 |  |  |  | 0.16 |
Impact of Tax Cuts and Job Act |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.43 | )
Non-GAAP Adjusted EPS |  | $ | 1.92 |  |  | $ | 2.49 |

Index
37

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS

|  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |  |  |  |  |  | % Change |
RESEARCH: |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 (a) |  |  | % Change |  |  | w/o FX (b) |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Journal Subscriptions |  | $ | 482,000 |  |  | $ | 498,775 |  |  |  | (3 | )% |  |  | (1 | )%
Open Access |  |  | 38,917 |  |  |  | 28,058 |  |  |  | 39 | % |  |  | 40 | %
Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles, and Other |  |  | 132,041 |  |  |  | 124,594 |  |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 7 | %
Total Journal Revenue |  |  | 652,958 |  |  |  | 651,427 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 | %
Publishing Technology Services (Atypon) |  |  | 27,032 |  |  |  | 24,559 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 10 | %
Total Research Revenue |  |  | 679,990 |  |  |  | 675,986 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 2 | %
Cost of Sales |  |  | 187,412 |  |  |  | 182,942 |  |  |  | 2 | % |  |  | 4 | %
Gross Profit |  |  | 492,578 |  |  |  | 493,044 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 | %
Gross Profit Margin |  |  | 72.4 | % |  |  | 72.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses |  |  | 293,760 |  |  |  | 279,491 |  |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | 6 | %
Amortization of Intangibles |  |  | 21,002 |  |  |  | 19,554 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 8 | %
Restructuring Charges (See Note 8) |  |  | 1,251 |  |  |  | 5,138 |  |  |  | (76 | )% |  |  | (76 | )%
Contribution to Profit |  | $ | 176,565 |  |  | $ | 188,861 |  |  |  | (7 | )% |  |  | (4 | )%
Contribution Margin |  |  | 26.0 | % |  |  | 27.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(a) | Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits related to defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income. The amount for the nine months ended January 31, 2018 for the Research segment was $3.1 million. Refer to Note 2, "Recent Accounting Standards," in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

(b) | Adjusted to exclude FX impact and Restructuring Charges.

Revenue:
Research revenue for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 increased $4.0 million, or 1% as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased $16.6 million, or 2%, compared with prior year, primarily due to the following:
● continued strong growth in publication volumes for Open Access, particularly hybrid journals, and
● an increase in revenue from Licensing, Reprints, Backfiles and Other due to the timing of when revenue is recognized as a result of the adoption of Topic 606 beginning in fiscal year 2019.
These were partially offset by a decrease in Journal Subscriptions primarily related to delays in quoting and closing some subscription agreements.
Gross Profit:
Gross profit for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 was flat compared with prior year and, on a constant currency basis, increased $9.3 million, or 2%. This was due to higher revenues, partially offset by higher costs of sales, primarily due to increased royalty costs.
Gross profit margin was 72.4% compared with prior year of 72.9%. On a constant currency basis, gross profit margin would have been 72.5%.
Contribution to Profit:
Contribution to profit decreased 7% to $176.6 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges, contribution to profit decreased 4% as compared with prior year. This decrease was due to higher operating costs including additional resources in editorial to support increased journal publishing of $7.9 million, increased costs related to advertising and marketing of $2.9 million, technology related costs of $2.9 million and sales resources of $2.1 million, partially offset by higher gross profit.
Index
38

Society Partnerships:
For the nine months ended January 31, 2019:

| ● | 12 new society journals were signed with combined annual revenue of $4.4 million,

| ● | 77 society journals were renewed/extended with a combined annual revenue of $29.1,

| ● | 12 society journals were not renewed with $1.9 million in combined annual revenue.

|  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |  |  |  |  |  | % Change |
PUBLISHING: |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 (a) |  |  | % Change |  |  | w/o FX (b) |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
STM and Professional Publishing |  | $ | 197,565 |  |  | $ | 215,835 |  |  |  | (8 | )% |  |  | (8 | )%
Education Publishing |  |  | 127,736 |  |  |  | 151,893 |  |  |  | (16 | )% |  |  | (15 | )%
Course Workflow (WileyPLUS) |  |  | 42,142 |  |  |  | 38,926 |  |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 9 | %
Test Preparation and Certification |  |  | 29,343 |  |  |  | 27,167 |  |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 9 | %
Licensing, Distribution, Advertising and Other |  |  | 31,269 |  |  |  | 32,686 |  |  |  | (4 | )% |  |  | (3 | )%
Total Publishing Revenue |  |  | 428,055 |  |  |  | 466,507 |  |  |  | (8 | )% |  |  | (7 | )%
Cost of Sales |  |  | 130,046 |  |  |  | 146,491 |  |  |  | (11 | )% |  |  | (10 | )%
Gross Profit |  |  | 298,009 |  |  |  | 320,016 |  |  |  | (7 | )% |  |  | (6 | )%
Gross Profit Margin |  |  | 69.6 | % |  |  | 68.6 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses |  |  | 204,136 |  |  |  | 209,121 |  |  |  | (2 | )% |  |  | (1 | )%
Amortization of Intangibles |  |  | 6,257 |  |  |  | 6,084 |  |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 3 | %
Restructuring Charges (see Note 8) |  |  | 735 |  |  |  | 6,933 |  |  |  | (89 | )% |  |  | (89 | )%
Publishing Brand Impairment Charge |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,600 |  |  |  | (100 | )% |  |  | (100 | )%
Contribution to Profit |  | $ | 86,881 |  |  | $ | 94,278 |  |  |  | (8 | )% |  |  | (16 | )%
Contribution Margin |  |  | 20.3 | % |  |  | 20.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(a) | Due to the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, total net benefits related to defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans were reclassified from Operating and Administrative Expenses to Interest and Other Income. The amount for the nine months ended January 31, 2018 for the Publishing segment was $1.7 million. Refer to Note 2, "Recent Accounting Standards," in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

(b) Adjusted to exclude FX impact, Restructuring Charges and the Publishing Brand Impairment Charge in the prior year.
Revenue:
Publishing revenue decreased 8% to $428.1 million on a reported basis, and 7% on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. The decrease was primarily due to a decline in Education Publishing due to a continued shift in market demand for print products, and to a lesser extent, a decrease in STM and Professional Publishing.
Gross Profit:
Gross profit decreased 7% as compared with prior year and 6% on a constant currency basis, due to the decline in Education Publishing and STM and Professional Publishing revenue; partially offset by a decrease in inventory costs and to a lesser extent, book composition and product development amortization expense.
Contribution to Profit:
Contribution to profit decreased 8% to $86.9 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges and a brand impairment charge in the prior year, contribution to profit decreased 16% as compared with the prior year. This decrease was primarily due to lower gross profit, partially offset by, lower operating expenses including lower advertising and marketing of $3.0 million and technology costs of $1.3 million.
Index
39

|  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |  |  |  |  |  | % Change |
SOLUTIONS: |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 (a) |  |  | % Change |  |  | w/o FX (b) |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Education Services |  | $ | 105,244 |  |  | $ | 88,316 |  |  |  | 19 | % |  |  | 19 | %
Professional Assessment |  |  | 47,667 |  |  |  | 43,936 |  |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 8 | %
Corporate Learning |  |  | 47,934 |  |  |  | 44,105 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 10 | %
Total Solutions Revenue |  |  | 200,845 |  |  |  | 176,357 |  |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | 14 | %
Cost of Sales |  |  | 86,739 |  |  |  | 65,010 |  |  |  | 33 | % |  |  | 34 | %
Gross Profit |  |  | 114,106 |  |  |  | 111,347 |  |  |  | 2 | % |  |  | 3 | %
Gross Profit Margin |  |  | 56.8 | % |  |  | 63.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses |  |  | 93,780 |  |  |  | 85,830 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 10 | %
Amortization of Intangibles |  |  | 12,566 |  |  |  | 10,326 |  |  |  | 22 | % |  |  | 22 | %
Restructuring Charges (see Note 8) |  |  | 914 |  |  |  | 3,447 |  |  |  | (73 | )% |  |  | (73 | )%
Contribution to Profit |  | $ | 6,846 |  |  | $ | 11,744 |  |  |  | (42 | )% |  |  | (49 | )%
Contribution Margin |  |  | 3.4 | % |  |  | 6.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(a) In connection with the acquisition of Learning House, we changed our accounting policy for certain advertising and marketing costs incurred by our Education Services business to fulfill performance obligations from contracts with educational institutions. Under the new accounting policy, these costs are included in Cost of Sales whereas they were previously included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact of this reclassification was an increase to Cost of Sales and a corresponding decrease to Operating and Administrative Expenses of $34.7 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2018. This reclassification had no impact on Revenue, net, or Contribution to Profit. Refer to “Change in Accounting Policy” in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” for more information on the accounting policy change and Note 3, “Acquisition,” for more information related to the acquisition of Learning House.

(b) | Adjusted to exclude FX impact and Restructuring Charges.

Revenue:
Solutions revenue increased 14% to $200.8 million on a reported and constant currency basis as compared with prior year. The increase was mainly driven by the impact of the acquisition of Learning House on November 1, 2018 which contributed $13.4 million in revenue, and to a lesser extent, higher revenue in the legacy Education Services business, Corporate Learning and Professional Assessment services.
Gross Profit:
Gross profit increased 2% to $114.1 million, and 3%, on a constant currency basis, as compared with prior year. The increase is primarily due to the impact of higher revenues as described above, partially offset by higher costs of sales due to higher marketing and employment related costs of $19.2 million, due to the incremental impact of the acquisition of Learning House and $7.8 million due to the legacy Education Services business due to increased investments to support revenue growth.
Contribution to Profit:
Contribution to profit for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 includes an operating loss from Learning House of $5.2 million. On a constant currency basis, excluding restructuring charges and the impact from Learning House, contribution to profit decreased 15% as compared with prior year. This was due to higher operating expenses, primarily due to increased content of $1.4 million, sales related costs of $1.6 million and technology costs of $1.1 million, partially offset by lower employment costs.
CORPORATE EXPENSES:
Corporate expenses for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 decreased 7% to $126.3 million as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges, these expenses increased 1%. This increase was primarily due to costs associated with strategic planning of $2.9 million and higher employee costs, partially offset by lower incentive compensation expenses of $5.5 million.
Index
40

FISCAL YEAR 2019 OUTLOOK:
The Company reaffirmed its Revenue, Adjusted EPS and Capital Expenditures guidance but reducing its outlook for Cash Provided by Operating Activities. Fiscal 2019 guidance excludes contributions from the Learning House acquisition, which closed on November 1, 2018. For fiscal 2019, we anticipate Learning House to contribute approximately $30 million in revenue and be dilutive to EPS by approximately $0.15.

Metric (amounts in millions, except EPS) |  | Fiscal Year 2018 Actual |  | Fiscal Year 2019 Expectation Constant Currency | Status
Revenue |  | $ | 1,796.1 |  | Even with prior year | Reaffirmed
Adjusted EPS |  | $ | 3.43 |  | Mid-single digit % decline | Reaffirmed
Cash Provided by Operating Activities |  | $ | 381.8 |  | Mid-teen % decline | Was high-single digit decline
Capital Expenditures |  | $ | 150.7 |  | Lower by approximately $50 | Improved

● | Cash Provided by Operating Activities update reflects lower working capital performance, the adoption of Topic 606 which will result in the reclassification of certain spending for costs to fulfill of approximately $10 million from Capital Expenditures to Cash Provided by Operating Activities, and a discretionary $10 million pension contribution.

● | Capital Expenditures are expected to be lower by approximately $50 million primarily due to the completion of the Company’s headquarters transformation and the May 2018 implementation of our ERP order-to-cash release for journal subscriptions. In addition, the adoption of Topic 606 will result in the reclassification of certain spending for costs to fulfill of approximately $10 million from Capital Expenditures to Cash Provided by Operating Activities.

● | Non-GAAP effective tax rate for the year is expected to be approximately 22-23%.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Principal Sources of Liquidity
We believe that our operating cash flow, together with our revolving credit facilities and other available debt financing, will be adequate to meet our operating, investing and financing needs in the foreseeable future, although there can be no assurance that continued or increased volatility in the global capital and credit markets will not impair our ability to access these markets on terms commercially acceptable. We do not have any off-balance-sheet debt.
As of January 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $132.8 million, of which approximately $119.3 million, or 90%, was located outside the U.S. Maintenance of these cash and cash equivalent balances outside the U.S. does not have a material impact on the liquidity or capital resources of our operations. Notwithstanding the Tax Act which generally eliminated federal income tax on future cash repatriation to the U.S., cash repatriation may be subject to state and local taxes or withholding or similar taxes. We no longer intend to permanently reinvest cash outside the U.S. and include in our accrued liabilities our estimated cost of $2 million to repatriate our non-U.S. earnings.
As of January 31, 2019, we had approximately $633.5 million of debt outstanding and approximately $469.2 million of unused borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit and other facilities. Our credit agreement contains certain restrictive covenants related to our consolidated leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio, which we were in compliance with as of January 31, 2019.
Analysis of Historical Cash Flow
The following table shows the changes in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018.

|  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities |  | $ | 47,608 |  |  | $ | 190,667 |
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |  |  | (259,092 | ) |  |  | (134,611 | )
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities |  |  | 180,976 |  |  |  | 4,175 |
Effect of Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash |  |  | (6,359 | ) |  |  | 10,015 |

Index
41

Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending helps assess our ability, over the long term, to create value for our shareholders, as it represents cash available to repay debt, pay common dividends, and fund share repurchases and new acquisitions. Below are the details of Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018.
Cash flow from operations is seasonally a use of cash in the first half of Wiley’s fiscal year principally due to the timing of collections for annual journal subscriptions, which occurs in the beginning of the second half of our fiscal year.

|  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities |  | $ | 47,608 |  |  | $ | 190,667 |
Less: Additions to Technology, Property and Equipment |  |  | (49,988 | ) |  |  | (78,958 | )
Less: Product Development Spending |  |  | (14,251 | ) |  |  | (30,426 | )
Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending |  | $ | (16,631 | ) |  | $ | 81,283 |

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 decreased $143.1 million compared to the nine months ended January 31, 2018 to $47.6 million primarily due to the following factors:

● | the timing of working capital items,

● | lower net income in the nine months ended January 31, 2019; and,

● | a $10.0 million discretionary contribution to the U.S. Employees' Retirement Plan of John Wiley & Sons, Inc in fiscal year 2019.

Our negative working capital was $246.8 million and $394.3 million as of January 31, 2019 and April 30, 2018, respectively, due to the seasonality of our businesses. The primary driver of the negative working capital is unearned contract liabilities (deferred revenue) related to subscriptions for which cash has been collected in advance. Cash received in advance for subscriptions is used by us for a number of purposes including acquisitions, debt repayments, funding operations, dividend payments and purchasing treasury shares. The $147.5 million change in negative working capital was primarily due to the delay in billings and subsequent cash collections for calendar year 2019 subscriptions. We expect to substantially recover from the delay in billings and subsequent cash collections in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.
The contract liabilities (deferred revenue) will be recognized as income when the products are shipped or made available online to the customers over the term of the subscription. Current liabilities as of January 31, 2019 and as of April 30, 2018 includes $271.5 million and $486.4 million, respectively, primarily related to deferred subscription revenue for which cash was collected in advance.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 was $259.1 million compared to $134.6 million in the prior year. The increase was due to $190.5 million of net cash used to acquire Learning House. This was partially offset by a decrease of $29.0 million due to lower spending for technology, property and equipment in the nine months ended January 31, 2019 as a result of the May 2018 implementation of our enterprise resource planning system (“ERP”) order to cash release for journal subscriptions and the completion of our headquarters renovations. In addition, a $16.2 million decrease in product development spending, which was primarily due to the adoption of Topic 606 whereby certain costs to fulfill contracts, which were previously included in product development spending are now included in cash flow from operations. As well as a decrease of $20.8 million in cash used for the acquisition of publication rights.
Projected capital spending for Technology, Property and Equipment and Product Development Spending for fiscal year 2019 is forecast to be approximately $100 million. Projected spending for author advances, which is classified as an operating activity, is forecast to be approximately $131 million for fiscal year 2019.
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities was $181.0 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 compared to $4.2 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2018. This increase in cash provided by financing activities was due to an increase in net borrowings for the nine months ended January 31, 2019 compared to the nine months ended January 31, 2018. This was partially offset by $24.3 million of lower cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options.
During the nine months ended January 31, 2019, we repurchased 633,831 shares of Class A Common stock at an average price of $55.21 compared to 550,757 shares of Class A Common Stock at an average price of $53.12 in the prior year. In the nine months ended January 31, 2019, we increased our quarterly dividend to shareholders by 3% to $1.32 per share annualized versus $1.28 per share annualized in the prior year.
Index
42

ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Risk
We are exposed to market risk primarily related to interest rates, foreign exchange and credit risk. It is our policy to monitor these exposures and to use derivative financial investments and/or insurance contracts from time to time to reduce fluctuations in earnings and cash flows when it is deemed appropriate to do so. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Interest Rates
From time to time, we may use interest rate swaps, collars, or options to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. It is management’s intention that the notional amount of interest rate swaps be less than the variable rate loans outstanding during the life of the derivatives.
The information set forth in Note 14, "Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities," of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption "Interest Rate Contracts," is incorporated herein by reference.
On an annual basis, a hypothetical one percent change in interest rates for the $283.5 million of unhedged variable rate debt as of January 31, 2019 would affect net income and cash flow by approximately $2.1 million.
Foreign Exchange Rates
Fluctuations in the currencies of countries where we operate outside the U.S. may have a significant impact on financial results. We are primarily exposed to movements in British pound sterling, euros, Canadian and Australian dollars, and certain currencies in Asia. The Statements of Financial Position of non-U.S. business units are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and the Statements of Income are translated into U.S. dollars using weighted-average exchange rates for revenues and expenses.
Our significant investments in non-U.S. businesses are exposed to foreign currency risk. Adjustments resulting from translating assets and liabilities are reported as a separate component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss within Shareholders’ Equity under the caption Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment. During the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019, we recorded foreign currency translation gains (losses) in Other Comprehensive Income of approximately $17.5 million and $(43.2) million, respectively, primarily as a result of the fluctuations of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling and, to a lesser extent, the euro. During the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018, we recorded foreign currency translation gains in Other Comprehensive Income of approximately $51.4 million and $84.4 million, respectively, primarily as a result of the fluctuations of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling and euro.
Exchange rate gains or losses related to foreign currency transactions are recognized as transaction gains or losses in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income as incurred. Under certain circumstances, we may enter into derivative financial instruments in the form of foreign currency forward contracts to hedge against specific transactions, including intercompany purchases and loans.
The information set forth in Note 14, "Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities," of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption "Foreign Currency Contracts," is incorporated herein by reference.
Sales Return Reserves
The estimated allowance for print book sales returns is based upon historical return patterns, as well as current market trends in the businesses in which we operate. In connection with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related increase to inventory and a reduction to accrued royalties as a result of the expected returns.
The reserves are reflected in the following accounts of the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position – increase (decrease):

|  | January 31, 2019 |  |  | April 30, 2018 |
Accounts receivable, net (1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (28,302 | )
Inventories, net |  |  | 5,046 |  |  |  | 4,626 |
Accrued royalties |  |  | (5,505 | ) |  |  | (5,048 | )
Contract liability (Deferred revenue) (1) |  |  | 36,743 |  |  |  | — |
Decrease in Net Assets |  | $ | (26,192 | ) |  | $ | (18,628 | )

(1) Due to the adoption of the new revenue standard, the sales return reserve as of January 31, 2019 of $36.7 million is recorded in Contract Liability (Deferred Revenue). In prior periods, it was recorded as a reduction to Accounts Receivable, net on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
Index
43

A one percent change in the estimated sales return rate could affect net income by approximately $1.1 million. A change in the pattern or trends in returns could affect the estimated allowance.
Customer Credit Risk
In the journal publishing business, subscriptions are primarily sourced through journal subscription agents who, acting as agents for library customers, facilitate ordering by consolidating the subscription orders/billings of each subscriber with various publishers. Cash is generally collected in advance from subscribers by the subscription agents and is principally remitted to us between the months of December and April. Future calendar-year subscription receipts from these agents are highly dependent on their financial condition and liquidity. Subscription agents account for approximately 22% of total annual consolidated revenue and one affiliated group of subscription agents accounts for approximately 10% of total annual consolidated revenue.
Our book business is not dependent upon a single customer; however, the industry is concentrated in national, regional, and online bookstore chains. Although no one book customer accounts for more than 8% of total annual consolidated revenue and 19% of accounts receivable at January 31, 2019, the top 10 book customers account for approximately 15% of total annual consolidated revenue and approximately 44% of accounts receivable at January 31, 2019.
Disclosure of Certain Activities Relating to Iran
The European Union, Canada and United States have imposed sanctions on business relationships with Iran, including restrictions on financial transactions and prohibitions on direct and indirect trading with listed “designated persons.” In the nine months ended January 31, 2019, we did not record any revenue or net earnings related to the sale of scientific and medical content to certain publicly funded universities, hospitals and institutions that meet the definition of the “Government of Iran” as defined under section 560.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations. We assessed our business relationship and transactions with Iran and believe we are in compliance with the regulations governing the sanctions. We intend to continue in these or similar sales as long as they continue to be consistent with all applicable sanction-related regulations.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, together with the Chief Accounting Officer and other members of the Company's management, have conducted an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
We are in the process of implementing a new global ERP that will enhance our business and financial processes and standardize our information systems. As previously disclosed, we have completed the implementation of record-to-report, purchase-to-pay and several other business processes within all locations through fiscal year 2017. We completed the implementation of order-to-cash for certain businesses in May 2018 and may continue to roll out additional processes and functionality of the ERP in phases in the foreseeable future.
As with any new information system we implement, this application, along with the internal controls over financial reporting included in this process, will require testing for effectiveness. In connection with this ERP implementation, we are updating our internal controls over financial reporting, as necessary, to accommodate modifications to our business processes and accounting procedures. We do not believe that the ERP implementation will have an adverse effect on our internal control over financial reporting.
Except as described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended January 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There have been no significant developments related to legal proceedings during the three months ended January 31, 2019. For information regarding legal proceedings, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018 Note 15, “Commitment and Contingencies”.
ITEM 1a. RISK FACTORS
The uncertainty surrounding the implementation and effect of Brexit may cause increased economic volatility, affecting our operations and business.
In June 2016, voters in the United Kingdom (UK) approved an advisory referendum to withdraw from the European Union, commonly referred to as "Brexit." This referendum has created political and economic uncertainty, particularly in the United Kingdom and the European Union, and this uncertainty may persist some time. A withdrawal without a trade agreement in place could significantly disrupt the free movement of goods, services, and people between the United Kingdom and the European Union, and result in increased legal and regulatory complexities, as well as potential higher costs of conducting business in Europe. Additional Brexit-related impacts on our business could include potential inventory shortages in the UK, increased regulatory burdens and costs to comply with UK-specific regulations and higher transportation costs for our products coming into and out of the UK. The United Kingdom's vote to exit the European Union could also result in similar referendums or votes in other European countries in which we do business. On March 29, 2017, United Kingdom Prime Minister Theresa May formally notified the European Council of the UK's intention to withdraw from the European Union under Article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon. The notice began the two-year negotiation period to establish the withdrawal terms. While no agreement has yet been reached, the UK's separation will still become effective on March 29, 2019, unless the remaining European Union members unanimously agree to an extension. The uncertainty surrounding the terms of the United Kingdom's withdrawal and its consequences could adversely impact consumer and investor confidence and could affect sales or regulation of our products. Any of these effects, among others, could materially and adversely affect our business and consolidated financial position and results of operations.
See Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors," of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018. Except as required by the federal securities law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any risk factor, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
During the three months ended January 31, 2019, we made the following purchases of Class A Common Stock under our stock repurchase program:

|  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as part of a Publicly Announced Program |  |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May be Purchased Under the Program |
November 2018 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,655,351 |
December 2018 |  |  | 132,000 |  |  |  | 47.78 |  |  |  | 132,000 |  |  |  | 2,523,351 |
January 2019 |  |  | 76,711 |  |  |  | 48.13 |  |  |  | 76,711 |  |  |  | 2,446,640 |
Total |  |  | 208,711 |  |  | $ | 47.91 |  |  |  | 208,711 |  |  |  | 2,446,640 |

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

18.1 | Preferability Letter of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, dated March 8, 2019
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 | 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 Certificate by the President and Chief Executive Officer.
32.2 | 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 Certificate by the Chief Financial and Operations Officer.
101.INS* | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* | Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. |
|  | Registrant |
| By | /s/ Brian A. Napack |
|  | Brian A. Napack |
|  | President and Chief Executive Officer |
| By | /s/ John A. Kritzmacher |
|  | John A. Kritzmacher |
|  | Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President, Operations |
| By | /s/ Christopher F. Caridi |
|  | Christopher F. Caridi |
|  | Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer |
|  | Dated: March 8, 2019 |

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