Note 8 — Restructuring and Related Charges

Beginning in fiscal year 2013, we initiated a program (the “Restructuring and Reinvestment Program”) to restructure and realign our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. We are targeting most of the cost savings achieved to improve margins and earnings, with the remainder reinvested in growth opportunities.

The following tables summarize the pre-tax restructuring (credits) charges related to this program:

	Three Months Ended January 31,						Nine Months Ended January 31,					Total Charges
	2019			2018			2019		2018			Incurred to Date
(Credits) Charges by Segment:
Research	$	(51	)	$	690		$	1,251	$	5,138		$	26,664
Publishing		(4	)		(392	)		735		6,933			39,666
Solutions		74			1,277			914		3,447			7,161
Corporate Expenses		(367	)		633			662		11,013			96,581
Total Restructuring and Related (Credits) Charges	$	(348	)	$	2,208		$	3,562	$	26,531		$	170,072

(Credits) Charges by Activity:
Severance	$	(911	)	$	1,781		$	1,983	$	25,047		$	116,786
Consulting and Contract Termination Costs		301			427			526		1,948			21,155
Other Activities		262			—			1,053		(464	)		32,131
Total Restructuring and Related (Credits) Charges	$	(348	)	$	2,208		$	3,562	$	26,531		$	170,072

Other Activities for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2019 and 2018 include lease impairment related costs. The credits in Other Activities for the nine months ended January 31, 2018 mainly reflect changes in estimates for previously accrued restructuring charges related to facility lease reserves.

The following table summarizes the activity for the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability for the nine months ended January 31, 2019:

	April 30, 2018		Charges		Payments			Foreign Translation & Other Adjustments			January 31, 2019
Severance	$	17,279	$	1,983	$	(11,108	)	$	(229	)	$	7,925
Consulting and Contract Termination Costs		—		526		(223	)		—			303
Other Activities		2,772		1,053		(1,250	)		261			2,836
Total	$	20,051	$	3,562	$	(12,581	)	$	32		$	11,064

The restructuring liability as of January 31, 2019 for accrued Severance costs is reflected in Accrued Employment Costs in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The liability as of January 31, 2019, for Consulting and Contract Termination Costs is reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities. As of January 31, 2019, approximately $1.2 million and $1.6 million of the Other Activities are reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities, respectively, and mainly relate to facility relocation and lease impairment related costs. We currently do not anticipate any further material charges related to the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program.

The amount included in Other Long-Term Liabilities that relates to Other Activities is expected to be paid starting in 2020 until 2022.