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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW - UNAUDITED - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 3 Months Ended
--- | ---
Jul. 31, 2019 | Jul. 31, 2018
Operating Activities |  |
Net income | $ 3,624 | $ 26,295
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |  |
Amortization of intangibles | 14,970 | 12,683
Amortization of product development assets | 8,714 | 9,428
Depreciation and amortization of technology, property and equipment | 18,535 | 18,060
Restructuring charges (credits) | 10,735 | (6,086)
Stock-based compensation expense | 4,604 | 3,930
Employee retirement plan expense | 1,841 | 2,469
Royalty advances | (25,687) | (28,526)
Earned royalty advances | 33,886 | 39,069
Foreign currency (gains) losses | (2,652) | 1,729
Other non-cash charges (credits) | 3,750 | (1,287)
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities |  |
Accounts receivable, net | 11,934 | (64,053)
Accounts payable | (23,742) | (36,138)
Contract liabilities | (103,268) | (67,221)
Other accrued liabilities | (33,404) | (50,424)
Other assets and liabilities | (18,008) | (4,917)
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities | (94,168) | (144,989)
Investing Activities |  |
Product development spending | (6,211) | (6,246)
Additions to technology, property and equipment | (24,202) | (18,304)
Businesses acquired in purchase transaction, net of cash acquired | (73,209) | 0
Acquisitions of publication rights and other | (2,270) | (1,970)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | (105,892) | (26,520)
Financing Activities |  |
Repayment of long-term debt | (10,400) | (29,900)
Borrowing of long-term debt | 264,248 | 177,654
Payment of debt issuance costs | (3,957) | 0
Purchase of treasury shares | (10,000) | (7,994)
Change in book overdrafts | (6,169) | (9,390)
Cash dividends | (19,252) | (19,043)
Net (payments) proceeds from exercise of stock options and other | (1,137) | 7,880
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities | 213,333 | 119,207
Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | (2,138) | (4,363)
Cash Reconciliation: |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 92,890 | 169,773
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 658 | 484
Balance at Beginning of Period | 93,548 | 170,257
Increase/(Decrease) for the Period | 11,135 | (56,665)
Cash and cash equivalents | 104,025 | 113,108
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 658 | 484
Balance at End of Period | 104,683 | 113,592
Cash Paid During the Period for: |  |
Interest | 5,410 | 2,476
Income taxes, net of refunds | $ 11,484 | $ 12,202

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- Definition The cash outflow to reacquire common stock during the period. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3291-108585 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow paid to third parties in connection with debt origination, which will be amortized over the remaining maturity period of the associated long-term debt. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (e) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3291-108585 + Details
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- Definition Amount of cash outflow in the form of ordinary dividends to common shareholders of the parent entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3291-108585 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of a business, net of the cash acquired from the purchase. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3213-108585 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow to acquire asset without physical form usually arising from contractual or other legal rights, excluding goodwill. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (c) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3213-108585 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (c) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3213-108585 + Details
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