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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW - UNAUDITED - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 6 Months Ended
--- | ---
Oct. 31, 2019 | Oct. 31, 2018
Operating Activities |  |
Net income | $ 48,314 | $ 70,079
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |  |
Amortization of intangibles | 29,990 | 25,050
Amortization of product development assets | 17,616 | 18,928
Depreciation and amortization of technology, property and equipment | 37,251 | 35,845
Restructuring and related charges | 14,736 | 3,910
Stock-based compensation expense | 10,289 | 8,882
Employee retirement plan expense | 4,054 | 3,369
Royalty advances | (48,250) | (50,580)
Earned royalty advances | 67,814 | 71,317
Foreign exchange transaction losses | 16 | 1,783
Other non-cash charges | 10,643 | 4,328
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities |  |
Accounts receivable, net | 60,836 | 1,921
Accounts payable | (17,765) | (13,856)
Contract liabilities | (263,665) | (255,890)
Other accrued liabilities | (34,612) | (54,437)
Other assets and liabilities | (36,788) | 12,790
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities | (99,521) | (116,561)
Investing Activities |  |
Product development spending | (11,686) | (12,351)
Additions to technology, property and equipment | (44,531) | (34,560)
Businesses acquired in purchase transactions, net of cash acquired | (74,169) | 0
Acquisitions of publication rights and other | (4,045) | (2,795)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | (134,431) | (49,706)
Financing Activities |  |
Repayment of long-term debt | (65,680) | (65,800)
Borrowing of long-term debt | 383,151 | 245,075
Payment of debt issuance costs | (4,006) | 0
Purchase of treasury shares | (25,000) | (24,994)
Change in book overdrafts | 681 | (3,066)
Cash dividends | (38,486) | (38,033)
Net (payments) proceeds from exercise of stock options and other | (1,393) | 7,283
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities | 249,267 | 120,465
Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | (461) | (8,368)
Cash Reconciliation: |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 92,890 | 169,773
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 658 | 484
Balance at Beginning of Period | 93,548 | 170,257
Increase/(Decrease) for the Period | 14,854 | (54,170)
Cash and cash equivalents | 107,744 | 115,603
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 658 | 484
Balance at End of Period | 108,402 | 116,087
Cash Paid During the Period for: |  |
Interest | 12,125 | 5,713
Income taxes, net of refunds | $ 30,170 | $ 18,404

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- Definition The cash outflow to reacquire common stock during the period. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3291-108585 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow paid to third parties in connection with debt origination, which will be amortized over the remaining maturity period of the associated long-term debt. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (e) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3291-108585 + Details
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- Definition Amount of cash outflow in the form of ordinary dividends to common shareholders of the parent entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3291-108585 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of a business, net of the cash acquired from the purchase. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3213-108585 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow to acquire asset without physical form usually arising from contractual or other legal rights, excluding goodwill. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (c) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3213-108585 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (c) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3213-108585 + Details
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