<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000107140-20-000052.txt : 20200904
<SEC-HEADER>0000107140-20-000052.hdr.sgml : 20200904
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20200904101646
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000107140-20-000052
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	10-K/A
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		16
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20200430
FILED AS OF DATE:		20200904
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20200904

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000107140
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	BOOKS: PUBLISHING OR PUBLISHING AND PRINTING [2731]
		IRS NUMBER:				135593032
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NY
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0430

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		10-K/A
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-11507
		FILM NUMBER:		201160970

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		111 RIVER STREET
		CITY:			HOBOKEN
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07030
		BUSINESS PHONE:		2017486000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		111 RIVER STREET
		CITY:			HOBOKEN
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07030

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	WILEY JOHN & SONS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20070820

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	WILEY JOHN & SONS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>10-K/A
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>fy20_form10ka.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FY20 FORM 10K/A
<TEXT>
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  <div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">UNITED STATES</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Washington, DC&#160; 20549</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">FORM <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:DocumentType" id="Fact_1400731f023a48aea722ee3a4c7de634" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">10-K/A</ix:nonNumeric></div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(Amendment No. 1)</div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div>(Mark One)</div>

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    <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:DocumentAnnualReport" id="Fact_8fc0c869794a4de79caaa27b74f7c8b9" contextRef="c20190501to20200430" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2612;</ix:nonNumeric><br />
          </td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
            <div>ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</div>
          </td>

  </tr>


</table>
    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: center;">For the fiscal year ended:&#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate" id="Fact_0c4437535a274173b8e5e6bf159a2f2c" contextRef="c20190501to20200430" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen">April 30, 2020</ix:nonNumeric></div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: center;">OR</div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

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  <tr>

    <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:DocumentTransitionReport" id="Fact_360effabb70741dfb3f8c1f4c1a56069" contextRef="c20190501to20200430" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric><br />
          </td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
            <div>TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</div>
          </td>

  </tr>


</table>
    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: center;">For the transition period from _________ to _________</div>

    <div style="text-align: center;">Commission file number&#160;&#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityFileNumber" id="Fact_85563c9152bd4776a153eca666e92521" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">001-11507</ix:nonNumeric></div>

    <div style="text-align: center;"><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 24pt; font-weight: bold;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" id="Fact_6b280feaf63047a789fb0bcf5ab1c3db" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">JOHN WILEY &amp; SONS, INC.</ix:nonNumeric><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: center;">(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)</div>

    <div style="text-align: center;"><br />
    </div>

    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" id="Fact_291a6ece14304af8bb845c68d94ae534" contextRef="c20190501to20200430" format="ixt-sec:stateprovnameen">New York</ix:nonNumeric><br />
            </div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" id="Fact_44bebeeb8ec64a35a0bc35947b5d8566" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">13-5593032</ix:nonNumeric><br />
            </div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;">State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;">I.R.S. Employer Identification No.</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1" id="Fact_0b8bd298393a474c802518d46a9721fd" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">111 River Street</ix:nonNumeric>, <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown" id="Fact_017d751df41f4c6e88f4bff0d3a070fb" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">Hoboken</ix:nonNumeric>, <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince" id="Fact_4bebc5aa9ff948de9b7709a3a3c394f5" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">NJ</ix:nonNumeric></div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode" id="Fact_ad9297d91c3c414ba834e070b368edb3" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">07030</ix:nonNumeric><br />
            </div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;">Address of principal executive offices</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;">Zip Code</div>
          </td>

  </tr>


</table>
    <div><br />
    </div>

    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;">&#160;(<ix:nonNumeric name="dei:CityAreaCode" id="Fact_43fbce730c7e4faaa80ea08ccb18b387" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">201</ix:nonNumeric>) <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber" id="Fact_48b2dc5bf15548f99ecfaaea63d7163b" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">748-6000</ix:nonNumeric></div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center;">&#160;Registrant&#8217;s telephone number including area code</div>
          </td>

  </tr>


</table>
    <div><br />
    </div>

    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 44.03%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</div>
            <div style="text-align: center;">Title of each class</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 14.15%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;">&#160;Trading Symbol</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 41.82%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;">Name of each exchange on which registered</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 44.03%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:Security12bTitle" id="Fact_708503b9a1344c1db4b49cd7ce7df4c7" contextRef="c20190501to20200430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember">Class A Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share</ix:nonNumeric></div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 14.15%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:TradingSymbol" id="Fact_1b641e1315504a48bd6b3881d68148c6" contextRef="c20190501to20200430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember">JW.A</ix:nonNumeric></div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 41.82%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" id="Fact_b25fcf8fad5c403c8cc46dd7e4cecf20" contextRef="c20190501to20200430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen">New York Stock Exchange</ix:nonNumeric></div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 44.03%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:Security12bTitle" id="Fact_8639267d6e6b46c59278d6fbded4bc9a" contextRef="c20190501to20200430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">Class B Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share</ix:nonNumeric></div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 14.15%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:TradingSymbol" id="Fact_0c309b7dd4a243dbba920d81c9b22f60" contextRef="c20190501to20200430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">JW.B</ix:nonNumeric></div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 41.82%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" id="Fact_99f9e8f32c8b415d9446c1d686b371c5" contextRef="c20190501to20200430_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen">New York Stock Exchange</ix:nonNumeric></div>
          </td>

  </tr>


</table>
    <div><br />
    </div>

    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 25.87%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 50.14%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: center;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 24%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 25.87%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 50.14%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: center;">None</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 24%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

  </tr>


</table>
    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: justify;">Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.&#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" id="Fact_d87d8f0f3a8d45c28654938dbfe31b11" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">Yes</ix:nonNumeric>
      <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;">&#9746;</span>&#160;&#160; No <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;">&#9744;</span></div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: justify;">Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.&#160; Yes <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;">&#9744;</span>&#160;&#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityVoluntaryFilers" id="Fact_bf3ab50eadd047b68929dd52feb262ae" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">No</ix:nonNumeric> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;">&#9746;</span></div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: justify;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that
      the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.&#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus" id="Fact_6a5232692b2b496f8d9ca2beafcd8fdc" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">Yes</ix:nonNumeric> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;">&#9746;</span>&#160;&#160; No <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;">&#9744;</span></div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: justify;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (&#167;232.405 of this chapter) during the
      preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).&#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" id="Fact_ea454910aa02465698c104d7fa21ddda" contextRef="c20190501to20200430">Yes</ix:nonNumeric> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;">&#9746;</span>&#160;&#160; No <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;">&#9744;</span></div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div>
        <div><br />
        </div>

        <div><br />
        </div>

        <div><br />
        </div>

      </div>

      <div style="page-break-after:always;">
        <hr style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;" /></div>

      <div></div>

    </div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (&#167;229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
      best of registrant&#8217;s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. &#9744;</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of
      &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityFilerCategory" id="Fact_df4b98b6cd564a5d976a6d8dfa56c5b0" contextRef="c20190501to20200430" format="ixt-sec:entityfilercategoryen">Large accelerated filer</ix:nonNumeric> &#9746;</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Accelerated filer&#160;&#9744;</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Non-accelerated filer&#160;&#9744;</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Smaller reporting company <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntitySmallBusiness" id="Fact_87cb58d32a6d4b4cad886c249cd77eed" contextRef="c20190501to20200430" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric></div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Emerging growth company <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="Fact_d34f90e4219b4212b6c3509dfb1a5f88" contextRef="c20190501to20200430" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric></div>
          </td>

  </tr>


</table>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
      standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).&#160;&#160; Yes <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityShellCompany" id="Fact_fd1ef65803214a80ae1fb57fd4b41656" contextRef="c20190501to20200430" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric>&#160; &#160; No &#9746;</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing price as of the last business day of the registrant&#8217;s most
      recently completed second fiscal quarter, October 31, 2019, was approximately $<ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityPublicFloat" id="Fact_fd6cb333d92c4a20870a13116e1a5ae2" contextRef="c20191031" unitRef="U001" decimals="-6" scale="6" format="ixt:numdotdecimal">2,040</ix:nonFraction> million. The registrant has no non-voting common
      stock.</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The number of shares outstanding of the registrant&#8217;s Class A and Class B Common Stock as of May 31, 2020 was <ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" id="Fact_ad4ad8f621da4fce81d30969d1c8a5fb" contextRef="c20200531_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF" scale="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal">46,767,784</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" id="Fact_9fc2899bfdb242ef80bdc95c12111b67" contextRef="c20200531_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" unitRef="U002" decimals="INF" scale="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal">9,094,674</ix:nonFraction>, respectively.</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Portions of the registrant&#8217;s definitive proxy statement for use in connection with its annual meeting of stockholders scheduled to be held on September 24, 2020, are incorporated by reference into Part III
      of this Form 10-K.</div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div>
        <div><br />
        </div>

        <div><br />
        </div>

        <div><br />
        </div>

      </div>

      <div style="page-break-after:always;">
        <hr style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;" /></div>

      <div></div>

    </div>

    <div>
      <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">EXPLANATORY NOTE</div>

      <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) is filing this Amendment No.&#160;1 on Form&#160;10-K/A&#160;(this &#8220;Amendment&#8221;) to amend the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K&#160;for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020 (the
      &#8220;Original Filing&#8221;), which was originally filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) on June 26, 2020 (the &#8220;Original Filing Date&#8221;).&#160; The sole purpose of this Amendment is to amend the Exhibits contained in Item 15(a)(3) of Part
      IV of the Original Filing to include Exhibit 4.1, Description of Securities Registered under Section&#160;12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which was inadvertently omitted in the Original Filing.</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">This Amendment is an exhibit-only filing.&#160; Except as described above, no changes have been made to the Original Filing and this Amendment does not modify, amend, or update in any way any of the financial or
      other information contained in the Original Filing. This Amendment does not reflect events that may have occurred subsequent to the Original Filing Date.<span style="font-size: 12pt;">&#160;</span>Accordingly, this Amendment should be read in conjunction
      with the Original Filing and the Company&#8217;s other filings with the SEC.</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Pursuant to Rule 12b-15&#160;of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;), currently dated certifications are filed herewith as exhibits to this Amendment pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or
      15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act under Item 15 of Part IV hereof. Because no financial statements have been included in this Amendment and this Amendment does not contain any disclosure with respect to Items 307 and 308 of Regulation&#160;S-K,&#160;paragraphs 3,
      4, and 5 of the certifications have been omitted.&#160; Similarly, because no financial statements have been included in this Amendment, certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 have been omitted.</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">PART IV</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -45pt; margin-left: 45pt; font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(a) Documents filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(1) Financial Statements</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(2) Financial Statement Schedule</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">See Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves - Years Ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The other schedules are omitted as they are not applicable, or
      the amounts involved are not material.</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(3) Exhibits</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(a)</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are filed as part of this report.</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(b)</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Exhibits</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">3.1</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714018000021/exhibit3_1.htm">Restated Certificate of Incorporation</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company's
              Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 1992).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">3.2</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/0000107140-96-000013.txt">Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated October 13, 1995</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 1996).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">3.3</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/0000107140-98-000010.txt">Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated as of September 1998</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended October 31, 1998).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">3.4</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714099000016/0000107140-99-000016.txt">Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated as of
                September 1999</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended October 31, 1999).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">3.5</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714018000021/exhibit3_5.htm">Amended and Restated By-Laws dated as of September 2007</a> (incorporated by reference
              to the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2018).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="exhibit4_1.htm">4.1</a> *</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">Description of Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</div>
            </div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.1</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714019000016/exhibit10_1.htm">Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated May 30, 2019, among the Company and Bank of
                America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender, and L/C Issuer, and the lenders and other agents party thereto</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 8-K filed on June 5, 2019).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.2</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714014000032/exhibit32_3.htm">Agreement of the Lease dated as of July 14, 2014 between Hub Properties Trust as
                Landlord, an independent third party and John Wiley and Sons, Inc as Tenant</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended July 31, 2014).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.3</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714019000026/exhibit10_3.htm">2018 Director Stock Plan</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form
              10-K for the year ended April 30, 2019).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.4</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714014000040/exhibit10_2.htm">2014 Executive Annual Incentive Plan</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company's
              Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended October 31, 2014).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.5</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714014000040/exhibit10_1.htm">Amended 2014 Key Employee Stock Plan</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company's
              Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended October 31, 2014).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.6</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714010000020/exh10.htm">Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan as Amended and Restated effective as of January 1,
                2009</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2010).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.7</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Amendments <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714010000041/exh10.htm">A</a> and <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714010000041/exhh.htm">B</a> to the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan as Amended and Restated Effective January 1, 2009 (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on
              Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended July 31, 2010).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.8</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714013000023/exhibit108.htm">Resolution amending the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan to Cease Accruals and
                Freeze Participation effective June 30, 2013</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2013)</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.9</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714010000020/exhibit10.htm">Supplemental Benefit Plan Amended and Restated as of January 1, 2009, including
                amendments through August 1, 2010</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended January 31, 2011).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.10</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714013000023/exhibit1010.htm">Resolution amending the Supplemental Benefit (Retirement) Plan to Cease Accruals and
                Freeze Participation effective June 30, 2013</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2013).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.11</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714010000020/exhi10.htm">Deferred Compensation Plan as Amended and Restated Effective as of January 1, 2008</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2010).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.12</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714013000023/exhibit1012.htm">Resolution amending the Deferred Compensation Plan effective July 1, 2013</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2013).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.13</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714005000110/serp120605.txt">Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors' 2005 &amp; After Compensation</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2005).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.14</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714019000026/exhibit10_14.htm">Form of the Fiscal Year 2020 Qualified Executive Long Term Incentive Plan</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2019).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.15</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714019000026/exhibit10_15.htm">Form of the Fiscal Year 2020 Qualified Executive Annual Incentive Plan</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2019).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.16</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714019000026/exhibit10_16.htm">Form of the Fiscal Year 2020 Executive Annual Strategic Milestones Incentive Plan</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2019).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.17</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714018000021/exhibit10_14.htm">Form of the Fiscal Year 2019 Qualified Executive Long Term Incentive Plan</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2018).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.18</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714018000021/exhibit10_15.htm">Form of the Fiscal Year 2019 Qualified Executive Annual Incentive Plan</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2018).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.19</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714018000021/exhibit10_16.htm">Form of the Fiscal Year 2019 Executive Annual Strategic Milestones Incentive Plan</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2018).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.20</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714017000026/fy18eltipexhibit10_14.htm">Form of the Fiscal Year 2018 Qualified Executive Long Term Incentive Plan</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2017).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.21</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714017000026/fy18eaipexhibit10_15.htm">Form of the Fiscal Year 2018 Qualified Executive Annual Incentive Plan</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2017).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.22</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714017000026/fy18stratplanexhibit10_16.htm">Form of the Fiscal Year 2018 Executive Annual Strategic Milestones
                Incentive Plan</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2017).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.23</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714003000011/a10k2003.txt">Senior Executive Employment Agreement to Arbitrate dated as of April 29, 2003</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2003).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.24</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714003000011/a10k2003.txt">Senior Executive Non-competition and Non-Disclosure Agreement dated as of April 29, 2003</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2003).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.25</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714015000012/exhibit10_1.htm">Senior Executive Employment Agreement dated as of April 15, 2015 between Mark Allin and
                the Company</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 8-K dated as of April 15, 2015).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.26</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714017000036/mja_sra.htm">Separation and Release Agreement, effective June 9, 2017, between Mark Allin, former
                President and Chief Executive Officer and the Company</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended July 31, 2017).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.27</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714013000012/ex1029.htm">Senior executive Employment Agreement dated as of May 20, 2013 between John A. Kritzmacher
                and the Company</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 8-K dated as of June 4, 2013).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.28</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714017000036/jk_empag.htm">Addendum to the Employment Agreement, effective June 26, 2017, between John A.
                Kritzmacher, and the Company</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended July 31, 2017).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.29</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714011000016/ex10.htm">Senior executive Employment Agreement letter dated as of March 15, 2004, between Gary M. Rinck
                and the Company</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2011).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.30</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714019000026/exhibit10_30.htm">Employment Letter dated September 26, 2016 between Judy Verses, Executive Vice
                President, and the Company</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2019).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.31</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714017000044/napackemployment.htm">Employment Letter dated October 12, 2017 between Brian A. Napack, President and
                Chief Executive Officer, and the Company</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended October 31, 2017).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">10.32</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714019000004/exhibit10_1.htm">Employment Letter dated February 5, 2019 between Matthew Kissner, Group Executive, and
                the Company</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Report on Form 8-K filed on February 7, 2019).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">21</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714020000034/exhibit21.htm">List of Subsidiaries of the Company</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s
              Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on June 26, 2020).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">23</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714020000034/exhibit23.htm">Consent of KPMG LLP</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form
              10-K filed on June 26, 2020).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">31.1</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714020000034/exhibit31_1.htm">Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
                Act of 2002</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on June 26, 2020).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">31.2</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714020000034/exhibit31_2.htm">Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</a>
              (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on June 26, 2020). <br />
            </div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="exhibit31_3.htm">31.3</a> *</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="exhibit31_4.htm">31.4</a> *</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">32.1</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714020000034/exhibit32_1.htm">Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
                pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on June 26, 2020).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">32.2</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714020000034/exhibit32_2.htm">Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
                pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</a> (incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on June 26, 2020).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">101.INS</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document).</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">101.SCH</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">101.CAL</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">101.DEF</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">101.LAB</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">101.PRE</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.</div>
          </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 9.93%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">104</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 90.07%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)</div>
          </td>

  </tr>


</table>
    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 2.88%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">*</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 97.12%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Filed herewith</div>
          </td>

  </tr>


</table>
    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div>
        <div><br />
        </div>

        <div><br />
        </div>

        <div><br />
        </div>

      </div>

      <div style="page-break-after:always;">
        <hr style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;" /></div>

      <div></div>

    </div>

    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">SIGNATURES</div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
      </span> </div>

    <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
      thereunto duly authorized.</div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 3.62%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">JOHN WILEY &amp; SONS, INC.</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 3.62%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(Company)</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 3.62%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49.78%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Dated: September 4, 2020</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 3.62%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">By:</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&#160;/s/ Brian A. Napack</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 3.62%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Brian A. Napack</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 3.62%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">President and Chief Executive Officer</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 3.62%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: bottom; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 3.62%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: bottom; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49.78%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 3.62%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&#160;By:</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&#160;/s/ John A. Kritzmacher</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 3.62%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 26%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">John A. Kritzmacher</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom;" colspan="1">&#160;</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 49.78%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 3.62%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

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<TYPE>EX-4.1
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<TEXT>
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      <div style="text-align: right; margin-top: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 4.1</div>
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    <div>
      <div><br>
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      <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT&#8217;S SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED</div>
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      <div><br>
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      <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-style: italic;">The following is a description of the common stock (our &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;) of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. (the &#8220;Company,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us,&#8221; or &#8220;our&#8221;) registered under Section&#160;12 of the Securities Exchange Act
        of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;). This description is a summary and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the &#8220;Certificate of Incorporation&#8221;) and our Amended and Restated By-laws
        (the &#8220;By-laws&#8221;), each of which are incorporated by reference as exhibits to the Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K&#160;of which this Exhibit 4.1 is a part. We encourage you to read our Certificate of Incorporation, our By-laws, and the applicable provisions of
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      <div><br>
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      <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-weight: bold;">Authorized and Outstanding Capital Stock</div>
      <div style="margin-top: 6pt;">Our authorized capital stock consists of: (i) 180,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share (our &#8220;Class A Common Stock&#8221;), (ii) 72,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share
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      <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-weight: bold;">Common Stock</div>
      <div style="margin-top: 6pt;">The shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock are identical in all respects, except for voting rights, dividend rights, distribution rights, and certain conversion rights.</div>
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      <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-weight: bold;">Voting Rights</div>
      <div style="margin-top: 6pt;">Each share of Class A Common Stock entitles the holder to one-tenth (1/10) of one vote on each matter submitted to a vote of our stockholders and each share of Class B Common Stock entitles the holder to one vote on each
        such matter, including the election of directors. The holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled to elect 30% of the entire Board of Directors and if 30% of the authorized number of directors is not a whole number, the holders of Class A Common
        Stock are entitled to elect the nearest higher whole number of directors that is at least 30% of such membership. The holders of Class B Common Stock are entitled to elect the remaining directors (excluding any directors the holders of Preferred
        Stock may be entitled to elect). There is no cumulative voting.</div>
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    <div>
      <div style="margin-top: 18pt;">If the number of issued and outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock is less than 300,000 at any time, then the rights, preferences and limitations of the holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock will
        thereafter be identical, and such holders will vote as a single class upon all matters.</div>
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    <div>
      <div><br>
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      <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-weight: bold;">Dividend Rights</div>
      <div style="margin-top: 6pt;">The holders of our Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends when and as declared by the Board of Directors out of earnings or assets of the Company legally available therefore for distribution to stockholders.&#160;
        Whenever a dividend is paid to holders of Class B Common Stock, the holders of Class A Common Stock will receive a dividend per share at least equal to the dividend per share paid to the holders of Class B Common Stock.&#160; The Company may pay
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      <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-weight: bold;">Distribution Rights</div>
      <div style="margin-top: 6pt;">If at any time a distribution is to be paid in Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock or any other securities of the Company, the same distribution will be made with respect to each share of Class A Common Stock and
        each share of Class B Common Stock, except one or more shares of Class A Common Stock may be distributed to each share of Class A Common Stock outstanding and the same number of shares of Class B Common Stock may be distributed to each share of
        Class B Common stock outstanding.</div>
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      <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-weight: bold;">Conversion Rights</div>
      <div style="margin-top: 6pt;">Class A Common Stock has no conversion rights.&#160; Each holder of Class B Common Stock may at any time, in such holder&#8217;s sole discretion and option, convert any whole number of Class B Common Stock shares into Class A
        Common Stock on a one-for-one basis.</div>
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      <div><br>
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      <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-weight: bold;">Preemptive and Other Rights</div>
      <div style="margin-top: 6pt;">The holders of our Common Stock are not entitled to preemptive or other rights to purchase, subscribe for, or take any part of any stock of the Company issued, optioned, or sold by it after the Company&#8217;s incorporation.&#160;&#160;
        There are no sinking fund provisions.</div>
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      <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-weight: bold;">Preferred Stock</div>
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      <div style="margin-top: 6pt;">
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          <div style="text-align: left; margin-top: 6pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> Shares of our Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time by authorization of the Board of Directors and without the necessity of
            further action or authorization by our stockholders, in one or more series, and with such relative rights, preferences and limitations, as the Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine, including, but not limited to: (i)&#160;the number
            of shares to constitute such series and the distinctive designation of such series; (ii)&#160;the dividend rate for such series and any restrictions, limitation and conditions upon the payment of such dividends; (iii)&#160;whether the shares will be
            redeemable and, if so, the terms, conditions, limitations and restrictions to such redemption; (iv)&#160;the rights of the shares in the event of a liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company; (v) whether the shares will be subject to the
            operation of a purchase, retirement or sinking fund, and, if so, the terms conditions, limitations and restrictions with respect thereto; (vi) any conversion or exchange rights; and (vii) voting rights, if any, in addition to the voting rights
            provided by law.</div>
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      <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-weight: bold;">Liquidation Rights</div>
      <div style="margin-top: 6pt;">In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, after the payment of our debts and other liabilities and after satisfaction in full of the liquidation preferences of holders of any Preferred Stock, if any,
        holders of Common Stock are entitled to ratable distribution of the remaining assets available for distribution to stockholders.</div>
      <div style="margin-top: 6pt;"><br>
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      <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-weight: bold;">Anti-Takeover Effects of the Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws</div>
      <div style="margin-top: 6pt;">Certain provisions in the Company&#8217;s Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws described below may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control in the Company:</div>
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        <div style="margin: 6pt 0px 0px;"><font style="margin-top: 18pt;">&#8226; </font>The Board of Directors is authorized to issue Preferred Stock without stockholder approval;</div>
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        <div style="margin: 6pt 0px 0px;"><font style="margin-top: 18pt;">&#8226; </font>The Board of Directors may adopt, amend or repeal the By-laws without stockholder approval;</div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.3
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>exhibit31_3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION
<TEXT>
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  <head>
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    <div style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 31.3</div>
    <div><br>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><u>CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</u></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify;">I, Brian A. Napack, certify that:</div>
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            <div>I have reviewed this Amendment No. 1 to the annual report on Form 10-K of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.; and</div>
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            <div>Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.4
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>exhibit31_4.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION
<TEXT>
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    <div style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 31.4</div>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><u>CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</u></div>
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            <div>Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.DEF
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>jwa-20200430_def.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE
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<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="CoverAbstract" xlink:title="CoverAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:title="label: CoverAbstract to dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:title="EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityAddressAddressLine1 to dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="AmendmentFlag" xlink:title="AmendmentFlag" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:title="label: AmendmentFlag to dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="CityAreaCode" xlink:title="CityAreaCode" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:title="label: CityAreaCode to dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:title="EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityAddressCityOrTown to dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:title="CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:title="label: CurrentFiscalYearEndDate to dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:title="DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:title="label: DocumentPeriodEndDate to dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:title="EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode to dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityListingsTable" xlink:label="EntityListingsTable" xlink:title="EntityListingsTable" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityListingsTable_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityListingsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityListingsTable_lbl">Entity Listings [Table]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityListingsTable" xlink:to="dei_EntityListingsTable_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityListingsTable to dei_EntityListingsTable_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:title="LocalPhoneNumber" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:title="label: LocalPhoneNumber to dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:title="EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityAddressPostalZipCode to dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:title="EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityAddressStateOrProvince to dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="Security12bTitle" xlink:title="Security12bTitle" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:title="label: Security12bTitle to dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="TradingSymbol" xlink:title="TradingSymbol" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:title="label: TradingSymbol to dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="SecurityExchangeName" xlink:title="SecurityExchangeName" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:title="label: SecurityExchangeName to dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityListingsLineItems" xlink:label="EntityListingsLineItems" xlink:title="EntityListingsLineItems" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityListingsLineItems_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityListingsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityListingsLineItems_lbl">Entity Listings [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityListingsLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityListingsLineItems_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityListingsLineItems to dei_EntityListingsLineItems_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:title="EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer to dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:title="EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityVoluntaryFilers to dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:title="EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityCurrentReportingStatus to dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="EntityFilerCategory" xlink:title="EntityFilerCategory" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityFilerCategory to dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="EntityPublicFloat" xlink:title="EntityPublicFloat" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl">Entity Public Float</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityPublicFloat to dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="EntityRegistrantName" xlink:title="EntityRegistrantName" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityRegistrantName to dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:title="EntityCentralIndexKey" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityCentralIndexKey to dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:title="EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityTaxIdentificationNumber to dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:title="EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding to dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:title="DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:title="label: DocumentFiscalYearFocus to dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:title="DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:title="label: DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus to dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="DocumentType" xlink:title="DocumentType" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_DocumentType_lbl">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:title="label: DocumentType to dei_DocumentType_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:title="DocumentAnnualReport" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl">Document Annual Report</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:title="label: DocumentAnnualReport to dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:title="DocumentTransitionReport" />
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>jwa-20200430_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.20.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140492686874856">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
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<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2020</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 31, 2020</div></th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityListingsLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Listings [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">false<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Apr. 30,  2020<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--04-30<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentTransitionReport', window );">Document Transition Report</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-11507<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">13-5593032<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">111 River Street<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Hoboken<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NJ<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">07030<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">201<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">748-6000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer', window );">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers', window );">Entity Voluntary Filers</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Large Accelerated Filer<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Entity Current Reporting Status</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent', window );">Entity Interactive Data Current</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityShellCompany', window );">Entity Shell Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness', window );">Entity Small Business</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat', window );">Entity Public Float</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,040<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Year Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">2020<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Period Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">FY<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000107140<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentAnnualReport', window );">Document Annual Report</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityListingsLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Listings [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">46,767,784<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Class A Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">JW.A<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityListingsLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Listings [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,094,674<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Class B Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">JW.B<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentAnnualReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as an annual report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Forms 10-K, 20-F, 40-F<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 15<br> -Subsection d-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentAnnualReport</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fiscal period values are FY, Q1, Q2, and Q3.  1st, 2nd and 3rd quarter 10-Q or 10-QT statements have value Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively, with 10-K, 10-KT or other fiscal year statements having FY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in CCYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentTransitionReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a transition report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 20-F<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13<br> -Subsection a-1-<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentTransitionReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-T<br> -Number 232<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityListingsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityListingsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityPublicFloat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityShellCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityShellCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates that the company is a Smaller Reporting Company (SRC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntitySmallBusiness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
