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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW - UNAUDITED - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 9 Months Ended
--- | ---
Jan. 31, 2020 | Jan. 31, 2019
Operating Activities |  |
Net income | $ 83,757 | $ 105,021
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |
Amortization of intangibles | 45,722 | 39,825
Amortization of product development assets | 26,653 | 27,417
Depreciation and amortization of technology, property and equipment | 56,163 | 52,414
Restructuring and related charges | 18,034 | 3,562
Stock-based compensation expense | 15,662 | 14,974
Employee retirement plan expense | 4,771 | 4,047
Royalty advances | (96,618) | (100,454)
Earned royalty advances | 90,320 | 94,240
Foreign exchange transaction losses | 1,761 | 4,308
Other non-cash charges | 17,506 | 5,027
Net change in operating assets and liabilities | (174,844) | (198,237)
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities | 88,887 | 52,144
Investing Activities |  |
Product development spending | (17,770) | (18,787)
Additions to technology, property and equipment | (65,924) | (49,988)
Businesses acquired in purchase transactions, net of cash acquired | (200,642) | (190,467)
Acquisitions of publication rights and other | (1,548) | (4,386)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | (285,884) | (263,628)
Financing Activities |  |
Repayment of long-term debt | (253,006) | (217,200)
Borrowing of long-term debt | 572,423 | 490,512
Payment of debt issuance costs | (4,006) | 0
Purchase of treasury shares | (35,000) | (34,994)
Change in book overdrafts | (301) | (6,657)
Cash dividends | (57,632) | (56,963)
Net (payments) proceeds from exercise of stock options and other | (1,596) | 6,278
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities | 220,882 | 180,976
Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | 530 | (6,359)
Cash Reconciliation: |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 92,890 | 169,773
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 658 | 484
Balance at Beginning of Period | 93,548 | 170,257
Increase/(Decrease) for the Period | 24,415 | (36,867)
Cash and cash equivalents | 117,355 | 132,758
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 608 | 632
Balance at End of Period | 117,963 | 133,390
Cash Paid During the Period for: |  |
Interest | 18,292 | 10,781
Income taxes, net of refunds | $ 39,397 | $ 29,604

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- Definition The cash inflow from a debt initially having maturity due after one year or beyond the operating cycle, if longer. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 14 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3255-108585 + Details
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- Definition The net cash inflow or outflow from the excess drawing from an existing cash balance, which will be honored by the bank but reflected as a loan to the drawer. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 14 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3255-108585 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3291-108585 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 9 -Subparagraph (c) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3098-108585 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow for debt initially having maturity due after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3291-108585 + Details
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- Definition Amount of cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 944 -SubTopic 210 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(2)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=119400593&loc=d3e572229-122910 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 210 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6877327&loc=d3e13212-122682 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 8 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=98513485&loc=SL98516268-108586 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 210 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(1)(a)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6876686&loc=d3e534808-122878 Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3044-108585 + Details
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- Definition Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 28 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118932676&loc=d3e3602-108585 + Details
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