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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - UNAUDITED - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 3 Months Ended
--- | ---
Jul. 31, 2020 | Jul. 31, 2019
Operating Activities |  |
Net income | $ 16,334 | $ 3,624
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |  |
Amortization of intangibles | 16,891 | 14,970
Amortization of product development assets | 9,148 | 8,714
Depreciation and amortization of technology, property and equipment | 23,468 | 18,535
Restructuring and related charges | 2,218 | 10,735
Stock-based compensation expense | 4,314 | 4,604
Employee retirement plan expense | 4,033 | 1,841
Royalty advances | (28,952) | (25,687)
Earned royalty advances | 40,125 | 33,886
Foreign exchange transaction losses (gains) | 82 | (2,652)
Other non-cash charges | 15,285 | 3,750
Net change in operating assets and liabilities | (223,729) | (166,488)
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities | (120,783) | (94,168)
Investing Activities |  |
Product development spending | (5,325) | (6,211)
Additions to technology, property and equipment | (18,964) | (24,202)
Businesses acquired in purchase transactions, net of cash acquired | (136) | (73,209)
Acquisitions of publication rights and other | (3,855) | (2,270)
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities | (28,280) | (105,892)
Financing Activities |  |
Repayment of long-term debt | (139,331) | (10,400)
Borrowing of long-term debt | 206,687 | 264,248
Payment of debt issuance costs | 0 | (3,957)
Purchase of treasury shares | 0 | (10,000)
Change in book overdrafts | (3,292) | (6,169)
Cash dividends | (19,261) | (19,252)
Net payments from exercise of stock options and other | (1,319) | (1,137)
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities | 43,484 | 213,333
Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | 4,500 | (2,138)
Cash Reconciliation: |  |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | 202,464 | 92,890
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 583 | 658
Balance at Beginning of Period | 203,047 | 93,548
(Decrease)/Increase for the Period | (101,079) | 11,135
Cash and cash equivalents | 101,385 | 104,025
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 583 | 658
Balance at End of Period | 101,968 | 104,683
Cash Paid During the Period for: |  |
Interest | 4,221 | 5,410
Income taxes, net of refunds | $ 25,704 | $ 11,484

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