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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - UNAUDITED - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
--- | --- | --- | ---
Jan. 31, 2021 | Jan. 31, 2020 | Jan. 31, 2021 | Jan. 31, 2020 | Apr. 30, 2020
Operating Activities |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ 22,161 | $ 35,443 | $ 106,927 | $ 83,757 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles | 19,032 | 15,732 | 53,089 | 45,722 |
Amortization of product development assets |  |  | 25,323 | 26,653 |
Depreciation and amortization of technology, property and equipment |  |  | 68,841 | 56,163 |
Restructuring and related charges | 20,675 | 3,298 | 24,813 | 18,034 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 5,600 | 5,400 | 14,744 | 15,662 |
Employee retirement plan expense |  |  | 9,080 | 4,771 |
Royalty advances |  |  | (101,534) | (96,618) |
Earned royalty advances |  |  | 101,163 | 90,320 |
Foreign exchange transaction losses | 5,694 | 1,745 | 6,473 | 1,761 |
Other non-cash charges |  |  | 29,256 | 17,506 |
Net change in operating assets and liabilities |  |  | (183,349) | (174,844) |
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities |  |  | 154,826 | 88,887 |
Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |
Product development spending |  |  | (17,103) | (17,770) |
Additions to technology, property and equipment |  |  | (58,176) | (65,924) |
Businesses acquired in purchase transactions, net of cash acquired |  |  | (298,590) | (200,642) |
Acquisitions of publication rights and other |  |  | (18,524) | (1,548) |
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities |  |  | (392,393) | (285,884) |
Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |
Repayment of long-term debt |  |  | (452,927) | (253,006) |
Borrowing of long-term debt |  |  | 627,097 | 572,423 |
Payment of debt issuance costs |  |  | 0 | (4,006) |
Purchase of treasury shares |  |  | (7,063) | (35,000) |
Change in book overdrafts |  |  | 7,929 | (301) |
Cash dividends |  |  | (57,802) | (57,632) |
Impact of tax withholding on stock-based compensation and other |  |  | (1,391) | (1,596) |
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities |  |  | 115,843 | 220,882 |
Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  |  | 10,631 | 530 |
Cash Reconciliation: |  |  |  |  |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |  |  | 202,464 | 92,890 | $ 92,890
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 583 | 658 | 658
Balance at Beginning of Period |  |  | 203,047 | 93,548 | 93,548
(Decrease)/Increase for the Period |  |  | (111,093) | 24,415 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 91,321 | 117,355 | 91,321 | 117,355 | 202,464
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 633 | 608 | 633 | 608 | 583
Balance at End of Period | $ 91,954 | $ 117,963 | 91,954 | 117,963 | $ 203,047
Cash Paid During the Period for: |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  |  | 12,697 | 18,292 |
Income taxes, net of refunds |  |  | $ 46,148 | $ 39,397 |

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