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Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers | 9 Months Ended
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Jan. 31, 2021
Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers [Abstract] |
Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers | Note 4 — Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers Disaggregation of Revenue The following table presents our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type.
|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  |  | Nine Months Ended January 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Research Publishing & Platforms: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research Publishing |  | $ | 229,327 |  |  | $ | 223,393 |  |  | $ | 700,482 |  |  | $ | 668,405 |
Research Platforms |  |  | 10,523 |  |  |  | 10,163 |  |  |  | 31,512 |  |  |  | 29,235 |
Total Research Publishing & Platforms |  |  | 239,850 |  |  |  | 233,556 |  |  |  | 731,994 |  |  |  | 697,640 |
Academic & Professional Learning: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Education Publishing |  |  | 98,160 |  |  |  | 100,982 |  |  |  | 265,349 |  |  |  | 268,246 |
Professional Learning |  |  | 75,955 |  |  |  | 77,296 |  |  |  | 206,269 |  |  |  | 232,615 |
Total Academic & Professional Learning |  |  | 174,115 |  |  |  | 178,278 |  |  |  | 471,618 |  |  |  | 500,861 |
Education Services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Education Services OPM (1) |  |  | 56,725 |  |  |  | 50,263 |  |  |  | 163,248 |  |  |  | 151,200 |
mthree (1) |  |  | 12,222 |  |  |  | 5,034 |  |  |  | 38,389 |  |  |  | 7,165 |
Total Education Services |  |  | 68,947 |  |  |  | 55,297 |  |  |  | 201,637 |  |  |  | 158,365 |
Total Revenue |  | $ | 482,912 |  |  | $ | 467,131 |  |  | $ | 1,405,249 |  |  | $ | 1,356,866 |
(1) | In May 2020, we moved the IT bootcamp business acquired as part of The Learning House acquisition from Education Services Online Program Management (“OPM”) to mthree. As a result, the prior period revenue related to the IT bootcamp business has been included in mthree. There were no changes to our total Education Services or our consolidated financial results.
Accounts Receivable, net and Contract Liability Balances When consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract, a contract liability is recorded. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when, or as, control of the products or services are transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met. The following table provides information about accounts receivable, net and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.
|  | January 31, 2021 |  |  | April 30, 2020 |  |  | Increase/ (Decrease) |
Balances from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  | $ | 278,939 |  |  | $ | 309,384 |  |  | $ | (30,445 | )
Contract liabilities (1) |  |  | 398,477 |  |  |  | 520,214 |  |  |  | (121,737 | )
Contract liabilities (included in Other Long-Term Liabilities) |  | $ | 18,145 |  |  | $ | 14,949 |  |  | $ | 3,196 |
(1) | The sales return reserve recorded in Contract Liabilities is $43.4 million and $32.8 million, as of January 31, 2021 and April 30, 2020, respectively. This increase was primarily driven by the negative impact of COVID-19 and the expected increase in print book returns.
For the nine months ended January 31, 2021, we estimate that we recognized revenue of approximately 97% that was included in the current contract liability balance at April 30, 2020. The decrease in contract liabilities as of January 31, 2021 was driven by revenue earned primarily on journal subscriptions, open access and comprehensive agreements, test preparation and certification offerings and digital courseware, partially offset by renewals of journal subscription agreements, and comprehensive agreements and, to a lesser extent, the impact of foreign exchange. Remaining Performance Obligations included in Contract Liability As of January 31, 2021, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations is approximately $416.6 million, which included the sales return reserve of $43.4 million. Excluding the sales return reserve, we expect that approximately $355.1 million will be recognized in the next twelve months with the remaining $18.1 million to be recognized thereafter. Assets Recognized for the Costs to Fulfill a Contract Costs to fulfill a contract are directly related to a contract that will be used to satisfy a performance obligation in the future and are expected to be recovered. These costs are amortized on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates. These types of costs are incurred in the following revenue streams, (1) Research Platforms and (2) Education Services. Our assets associated with incremental costs to fulfill a contract were $11.8 million and $11.5 million at January 31, 2021 and April 30, 2020, respectively, and are included within Other Non-Current Assets on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. We recorded amortization expense of $1.3 million and $3.9 million during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2021, respectively, related to these assets within Cost of Sales on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. We recorded amortization expense of $1.0 million and $3.1 million during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2020, respectively, related to these assets within Cost of Sales on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Sales and value-added taxes are excluded from revenues. Shipping and handling costs, which are primarily incurred within the Academic & Professional Learning segment occur before the transfer of control of the related goods. Therefore, in accordance with the revenue standard, it is not considered a promised service to the customer and would be considered a cost to fulfill our promise to transfer the goods. Costs incurred for third party shipping and handling are primarily reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. We incurred $7.1 million and $20.3 million in shipping and handling costs in the three and nine months ended January 31, 2021, respectively. We incurred $7.7 million and $22.7 million in shipping and handling costs in the three and nine months ended January 31, 2020, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130551-203045 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (b)(2) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130556-203045 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130550-203045 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (e) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130558-203045 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (c) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045 + Details
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