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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - UNAUDITED - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 3 Months Ended
--- | ---
Jul. 31, 2021 | Jul. 31, 2020
Operating activities |  |  |
Net income |  | $ 13,830 | $ 16,334
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
Amortization of intangible assets |  | 21,151 | 16,891
Amortization of product development assets |  | 9,058 | 9,148
Depreciation and amortization of technology, property and equipment |  | 24,357 | 23,468
Restructuring and related (credits) charges | [1] | (276) | 2,218
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 6,341 | 4,314
Employee retirement plan expense |  | 6,239 | 4,033
Foreign exchange transaction (gains) losses |  | (370) | 82
Gain on sale of certain assets |  | (3,750) | 0
Other noncash charges |  | 27,672 | 15,285
Net change in operating assets and liabilities |  | (189,026) | (212,556)
Net cash used in operating activities |  | (84,774) | (120,783)
Investing activities |  |  |
Product development spending |  | (5,670) | (5,325)
Additions to technology, property and equipment |  | (17,910) | (18,964)
Businesses acquired in purchase transactions, net of cash acquired |  | (3,032) | (136)
Proceeds related to the sale of certain assets |  | 3,375 | 0
Acquisitions of publication rights and other |  | (295) | (3,855)
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (23,532) | (28,280)
Financing activities |  |  |
Repayments of long-term debt |  | (41,300) | (139,331)
Borrowings of long-term debt |  | 184,003 | 206,687
Purchases of treasury shares |  | (7,367) | 0
Change in book overdrafts |  | (12,780) | (3,292)
Cash dividends |  | (19,307) | (19,261)
Impact of tax withholding on stock-based compensation and other |  | (4,160) | (1,319)
Net cash provided by financing activities |  | 99,089 | 43,484
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  | (1,586) | 4,500
Cash reconciliation: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 93,795 | 202,464
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 564 | 583
Balance at beginning of period |  | 94,359 | 203,047
(Decrease)/increase for the period |  | (10,803) | (101,079)
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 82,982 | 101,385
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 574 | 583
Balance at end of period |  | 83,556 | 101,968
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
Interest |  | 4,183 | 4,221
Income taxes, net of refunds |  | $ 6,441 | $ 25,704
[1] | See Note 9, “Restructuring and Related (Credits) Charges” for these charges by segment.

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