<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000107140-21-000052.txt : 20211223
<SEC-HEADER>0000107140-21-000052.hdr.sgml : 20211223
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20211223153421
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000107140-21-000052
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20211223
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20211223
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20211223

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000107140
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	BOOKS: PUBLISHING OR PUBLISHING AND PRINTING [2731]
		IRS NUMBER:				135593032
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NY
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0430

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-11507
		FILM NUMBER:		211516988

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		111 RIVER STREET
		CITY:			HOBOKEN
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07030
		BUSINESS PHONE:		2017486000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		111 RIVER STREET
		CITY:			HOBOKEN
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07030

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	WILEY JOHN & SONS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20070820

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	WILEY JOHN & SONS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
</SEC-HEADER>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">UNITED STATES</div>

    <div><br />
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</div>

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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Washington D.C. 20549</div>

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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">FORM <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:DocumentType" id="Fact_7fb963b0608049559cafc44a8d64e22c" contextRef="c20211223to20211223">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></div>

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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">CURRENT REPORT</div>

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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Pursuant to Section 13 OR 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934</div>

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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Date of report)</div>

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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</div>

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            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">----------------------------------------------------</div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">---------------------------------------------</div>
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    <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

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            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Commission File Number)</div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(IRS Employer Identification No.)</div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">----------------------------------------------------</div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">---------------------------------------------</div>
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    <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 35%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Address of principal executive offices)</div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Zip Code)</div>
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    <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

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            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Registrant&#8217;s telephone number, including area code:</div>
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    <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

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            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">---------------------------------------------</div>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Not Applicable</div>

    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;(Former name or former address, if changed since last report.)</div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the
      following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):</div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:WrittenCommunications" id="Fact_506855e2e58942f3b6e4bd30485daddd" contextRef="c20211223to20211223" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric> Written communications pursuant to Rule
      425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</div>

    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:SolicitingMaterial" id="Fact_159b2f35f70a4857b71b9cc188475400" contextRef="c20211223to20211223" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric> Soliciting material pursuant to Rule
      14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</div>

    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer" id="Fact_12a8b5c3b8764d008bf4768159510138" contextRef="c20211223to20211223" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric> Pre-commencement communications pursuant
      to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</div>

    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" id="Fact_e41577b277db4835a3087da78a86bc18" contextRef="c20211223to20211223" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric> Pre-commencement communications pursuant
      to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

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    <td style="width: 43.93%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Title of each class</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 1.87%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 14.95%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Trading Symbol(s)</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 1.87%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 37.38%; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Name of each exchange on which registered</div>
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  </tr>

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    <td style="width: 43.93%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:Security12bTitle" id="Fact_643534b310e34fedba1239f16eee2241" contextRef="c20211223to20211223_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember">Class A Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share</ix:nonNumeric><br />
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    <td style="width: 1.87%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 14.95%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:TradingSymbol" id="Fact_c5cfc5baa174481e85814600c94a18eb" contextRef="c20211223to20211223_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember">JW.A</ix:nonNumeric><br />
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    <td style="width: 1.87%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 37.38%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" id="Fact_839fd5cf42954b68826d1cf5297c2519" contextRef="c20211223to20211223_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassAMember" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen">New York Stock Exchange</ix:nonNumeric><br />
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    <td style="width: 43.93%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:Security12bTitle" id="Fact_86b5739189834274807c94ff67fdce6f" contextRef="c20211223to20211223_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">Class B Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share</ix:nonNumeric><br />
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          </td>

    <td style="width: 1.87%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 14.95%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:TradingSymbol" id="Fact_8ded85180d7543d4afb927b0b54ae3e9" contextRef="c20211223to20211223_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember">JW.B</ix:nonNumeric><br />
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          </td>

    <td style="width: 1.87%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 37.38%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" id="Fact_58be1e9f67514abf808573e1fe5e88eb" contextRef="c20211223to20211223_StatementClassOfStockAxis_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen">New York Stock Exchange</ix:nonNumeric><br />
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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter)
      or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</div>

    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Emerging growth company&#160;<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;">&#9744;</span></div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or
      revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="Fact_986a47a9609a46e79c582e8ea158a72a" contextRef="c20211223to20211223" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric></div>

    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div></div>

      <div style="page-break-after:always;">
        <hr style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;" /></div>

      <div></div>

    </div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 1.01 &#8211; Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement</div>

    <div><br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">On December 22, 2021, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) and certain of its subsidiaries, entered into the first amendment (the
      &#8220;First Amendment&#8221;) to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, with Bank of America, N.A. (&#8220;BOA&#8221;), as administrative agent, swing line lender, and L/C issuer, and the lenders, and other agents party thereto (hereinafter referred to as the
      &#8220;Restated Credit Agreement&#8221;).&#160; The First Amendment amends the Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 30, 2019, which amended and restated the Company&#8217;s original credit agreement with BOA, entered into on November 2, 2011, and was previously
      amended on March 1, 2016 (the &#8220;Existing Credit Agreement&#8221;; the Existing Credit Agreement as amended by the First Amendment, the &#8220;Credit Agreement&#8221;).</div>

    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The First Amendment, among other things, (i) changes the rate under the Credit Agreement for borrowings denominated in Sterling from a
      LIBOR-based rate to daily simple SONIA (Sterling Overnight Index Average) subject to certain adjustments specified in the Credit Agreement, (ii) changes the rate under the Credit Agreement for borrowings denominated in Euro from a LIBOR-based rate to
      a EURIBOR-based rate or a Euro Short Term Rate subject to certain adjustments specified in the Credit Agreement, and (iii) updates certain other provisions regarding successor interest rates to LIBOR.</div>

    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The preceding description of the First Amendment is a summary and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the First
      Amendment, which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this report and is incorporated herein by reference.</div>

    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits</div>

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    <td style="width: 108pt; vertical-align: top; align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Exhibit 10.1</td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">First Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2021, among John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., John Wiley &amp; Sons Limited,
              John Wiley &amp; Sons, GmbH, J. Wiley Limited, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Wiley Europe Investment Holdings Limited, and Blackwell Verlag GMBH, as borrowers, certain lenders party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as
              administrative agent, swing line lender, and L/C issuer.</div>
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    <td style="width: 108pt; vertical-align: top; align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Exhibit 104</td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL).</div>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">SIGNATURES</div>

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    </div>

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    </div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
      undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</div>

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    <td style="width: 45%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 55%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">JOHN WILEY &amp; SONS, INC.</div>
          </td>

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    <td style="width: 55%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Registrant)</div>
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    <td style="width: 45%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">By&#160; <br />
            </div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">/s/ Brian A. Napack</div>
          </td>

    <td colspan="1" style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>

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    <td style="width: 45%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Brian A. Napack</div>
          </td>

    <td colspan="1" style="width: 26%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>

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    <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

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            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">President and</div>
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            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Chief Executive Officer</div>
          </td>

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            <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;">By&#160; <br />
            </div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">/s/ Christina Van Tassell</div>
          </td>

    <td colspan="1" style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>

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    <td style="width: 45%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

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    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Christina Van Tassell</div>
          </td>

    <td colspan="1" style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

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    <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Executive Vice President and</div>
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Chief Financial Officer</div>
          </td>

    <td colspan="1" style="width: 26%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>

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            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dated: December 23, 2021</div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>exhibit10_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FIRST AMENDMENT TO THE THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT
<TEXT>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">FIRST AMENDMENT TO<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
      </font>THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT</div>
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    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">This<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> FIRST AMENDMENT TO THIRD AMENDED
        AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT</font>, dated as of December 15, 2021 (this &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Amendment</font>&#8221;), is by and among <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">JOHN WILEY &amp; SONS, INC.</font>, a New York corporation (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Company</font>&#8221;) and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.</font>, as administrative agent (in such capacity, the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Administrative Agent</font>&#8221;).&#160; Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Credit
      Agreement (as defined below).</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">W I T N E S E T H</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">WHEREAS</font>, the Company, certain
      Subsidiaries of the Company, as Borrowers, the Lenders and the Administrative Agent are parties to that certain Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 30, 2019 (as amended, supplemented, extended, restated or otherwise modified
      from time to time, the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Credit Agreement</font>&#8221;);</div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">WHEREAS, </font>certain Loans and/or
      other extensions of credit under the Credit Agreement denominated in Euros and Sterling (collectively, the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Impacted Currencies</font>&#8221;)

      incur or are permitted to incur interest, fees, commissions or other amounts based on the London Interbank Offered Rate as administered by the ICE Benchmark Administration (&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">LIBOR</font>&#8221;) in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement; and</div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">WHEREAS</font>, applicable parties under
      the Credit Agreement have determined in accordance with the Credit Agreement that LIBOR for the Impacted Currencies should be replaced with a successor rate in accordance with the Credit Agreement and, in connection therewith, the Administrative
      Agent has determined that certain conforming changes are necessary or advisable.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">NOW, THEREFORE</font>, in consideration
      of the premises and the mutual covenants contained herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Article 1<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
      </font>AGREEMENTS</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">1.1</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Amendments to Credit Agreement</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; Notwithstanding any provision of the Credit Amendment or any other Loan Document to the contrary, the parties hereto hereby agree that the terms
        set forth on <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Appendix A</u></font> shall apply to the Impacted Currencies.&#160; For the avoidance of doubt, to the extent provisions in the Credit Agreement apply to the
        Impacted Currencies and such provisions are not specifically addressed by <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Appendix A</u></font>, the provisions in the Credit Agreement shall continue to apply to the
        Impacted Currencies.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">1.2</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Conflict with Loan Documents</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; In the event of any conflict between the terms of this Amendment and the terms of the Credit Agreement or the other Loan Documents, the terms
        hereof shall control.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Article 2<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
      </font>CONDITIONS TO EFFECTIVENESS</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">This Amendment shall be deemed effective as of the day and year set forth above (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Amendment Effective Date</font>&#8221;) upon satisfaction of the following conditions (in each case, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent):</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2.1</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Executed Amendment</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; The Administrative Agent shall have received a copy of this Amendment duly executed by the Company and the Administrative Agent.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2.2</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Confirmation as to Required Lender Action</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.&#160; </font>The Administrative Agent shall not have received, within five (5) Business Days of the date notice of the change to EURIBOR, SONIA and <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">&#8364;STR</font>, as applicable, with respect to Loans denominated in the Impacted Currencies (which notice shall take the form of a posting on the Platform of this Amendment for
        Lender consideration), a written notice from the Required Lenders stating that such Required Lenders object to this Amendment.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2.3</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Default</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; Both before and after giving effect to this Amendment, no Default or Event of Default shall exist.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">2.4</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Fees, Costs and Expenses</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; The Administrative Agent shall have received from the Company such fees and expenses that are payable in connection with the consummation of the
        transactions contemplated hereby<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> and Holland &amp; Knight LLP, counsel to the Administrative Agent, shall have received from the Company payment of all outstanding fees
          and expenses previously incurred and all fees and expenses incurred in connection with this Amendment.</font></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Article 3<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
      </font>MISCELLANEOUS</div>
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    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.1</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Amended Terms</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; On and after the Amendment Effective Date, all references to the Credit Agreement in each of the Loan Documents shall hereafter mean the Credit
        Agreement as amended by this Amendment.&#160; Except as specifically amended hereby or otherwise agreed, the Credit Agreement is hereby ratified and confirmed and shall remain in full force and effect according to its terms.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.2</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Representations and Warranties of Loan
            Parties</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; The Company represents and warrants as follows:</font></div>
    <div>
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            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(a)</div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">It has taken all necessary action to authorize the execution, delivery and performance of this Amendment.</div>
            </td>
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      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" class="DSPFListTable" id="zf4300d84c3b44c6fb81f94f3df9d0ff9">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(b)</div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">This Amendment has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes the Company&#8217;s legal,
                valid and binding obligation, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be subject to (i)&#160;bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent conveyance or transfer, moratorium or similar laws affecting
                creditors&#8217; rights generally and (ii)&#160;general principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity).</div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" class="DSPFListTable" id="zd5561de282d6425eb85551dafe15344f">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(c)</div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">No consent, approval, authorization or order of, or filing, registration or qualification with, any court
                or governmental authority or third party is required in connection with the execution, delivery or performance by such Person of this Amendment.</div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" class="DSPFListTable" id="z88913b2b7c084ad48cacbec96923989b">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(d)</div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The representations and warranties of the Company and each other Loan Party contained in Article V of the
                Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, or which are contained in any document furnished at any time under or in connection therewith, are true and correct in all material respects on and as of the Amendment Effective Date, except that
                (i) such representations and warranties that specifically refer to an earlier date shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such earlier date, (ii) such representations and warranties shall be true and correct in all
                respects to the extent they are qualified by a materiality standard and (iii) the representations and warranties contained in clauses (a) and (b) of Section 5.05 of the Credit Agreement shall be deemed to refer to the most recent statements
                furnished pursuant to clauses (a) and (b), respectively, of Section 6.01 of the Credit Agreement.</div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
      <div> <br>
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            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(e)</div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">As of the Amendment Effective Date, no event has occurred and is continuing which constitutes a Default
                or an Event of Default.</div>
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      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" class="DSPFListTable" id="z7ca0edfa552e4d5f927b933a250d4a63">

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            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(f)</div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Collateral Documents continue to create a valid security interest in, and Lien upon, the Collateral,
                in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, which security interests and Liens are perfected in accordance with the terms of the Collateral Documents and prior to all Liens other than Permitted Liens.</div>
            </td>
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      </table>
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      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" class="DSPFListTable" id="z6a119530bf0b4604a05c28ae22a2249f">

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            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;">
              <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(g)</div>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Obligations are not reduced or modified by this Amendment and are not subject to any offsets,
                defenses or counterclaims.</div>
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      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.3</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Reaffirmation of Obligations</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; The Company, on behalf of itself and each other Loan Party, hereby ratifies the Credit Agreement and each other Loan Document to which each such
        Person is a party, and acknowledges and reaffirms, for itself and on behalf of each other Loan Party (a)&#160;that each such Person is bound by all terms of the Credit Agreement and each such Loan Document applicable to it and (b)&#160;that each such Person
        is responsible for the observance and full performance of its respective Obligations.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.4</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Loan Document</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; This Amendment shall constitute a Loan Document under the terms of the Credit Agreement.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.5</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Expenses</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; The Company agrees to pay all reasonable costs and expenses of the Administrative Agent in connection with the preparation, execution and delivery of this
        Amendment, including without limitation the reasonable fees and expenses of the Administrative Agent&#8217;s legal counsel.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.6</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Further Assurances</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; The Company, on behalf of itself and each other Loan Party, agrees to promptly take such action, upon the request of the Administrative Agent, as
        is necessary to carry out the intent of this Amendment.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.7</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Entirety</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; This Amendment and the other Loan Documents embody the entire agreement among the parties hereto and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or
        written, if any, relating to the subject matter hereof.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.8</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Counterparts; Telecopy</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; This Amendment may be in the form of an electronic record (in &#8220;.pdf&#8221; form or otherwise) and may be executed using electronic signatures, which
        shall be considered as originals and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record.&#160; This Amendment may be executed in as many counterparts as necessary or convenient, including both paper and electronic
        counterparts, but all such counterparts shall be one and the same Amendment.&#160; For the avoidance of doubt, the authorization under this paragraph may include, without limitation, use or acceptance by the Administrative Agent of a manually signed
        Amendment which has been converted into electronic form (such as scanned into &#8220;.pdf&#8221; format), or an electronically signed Amendment converted into another format, for transmission, delivery and/or retention.</font></div>
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      <div id="DSPFPageFooter">
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    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
      </font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.9</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>No Actions, Claims, Etc</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; As of the date hereof, the Company, on behalf of itself and each other Loan party, hereby acknowledges and confirms that it has no knowledge of
        any actions, causes of action, claims, demands, damages and liabilities of whatever kind or nature, in law or in equity, against the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, or the Administrative Agent&#8217;s or the Lenders&#8217; respective officers, employees,
        representatives, agents, counsel or directors arising from any action by such Persons, or failure of such Persons to act under the Credit Agreement on or prior to the date hereof.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.10</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>GOVERNING LAW</u></font>.&#160; THIS AMENDMENT
        SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, INCLUDING FOR SUCH PURPOSES SECTIONS 5-1401 AND 5-1402 OF THE GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.11</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Successors and Assigns</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; This Amendment shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.12</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;"><u>Consent to Jurisdiction; Service of
            Process; Waiver of Jury Trial</u></font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">.</font>&#160; The jurisdiction, service of process and waiver of jury trial provisions set forth in Sections
        10.14 and 10.15 of the Credit Agreement are hereby incorporated by reference, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: italic;">mutatis mutandis</font>.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed on the date first above written.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
      </font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 270pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">JOHN WILEY &amp; SONS, INC.</font>,</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 279pt;">as the Company</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z52b2bafbc66d4880a176a9826a49deee">

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          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">By:</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">/s/ Kevin Monaco</div>
          </td>
          <td colspan="1" style="width: 55%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Name: Kevin Monaco</div>
          </td>
          <td colspan="1" style="width: 55%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Title: SVP, Treasurer and Tax</div>
          </td>
          <td colspan="1" style="width: 55%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
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        <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<font style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
          </font>First Amendment to Credit Agreement</div>
      </div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-left: 279pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><u> <br>
        </u></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-left: 279pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><u>ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT</u></font>:</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
      </font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 279pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.</font>,</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 288pt;">as Administrative Agent</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z4cb69a51d25446e78eec2303f4394506">

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          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">By:</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">/s/ Felicia Brinson</div>
          </td>
          <td colspan="1" style="width: 55%; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Name: Felicia Brinson</div>
          </td>
          <td colspan="1" style="width: 55%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Title: Assistant Vice President</div>
          </td>
          <td colspan="1" style="width: 55%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
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        <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<font style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
          </font>First Amendment to Credit Agreement</div>
      </div>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Appendix A</u></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">TERMS APPLICABLE TO ALTERNATIVE CURRENCY LOANS</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1.</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Defined Terms</u></font>.&#160; The following terms shall have the
        meanings set forth below:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Alternative
          Currency Daily Rate</u></font>&#8221;<sup style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">&#160;</sup>means, for any day, with respect to any extension of credit under the Credit Agreement denominated in Sterling, the rate per annum equal to SONIA determined pursuant to the
      definition thereof; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font> that if any Alternative Currency Daily Rate shall be less than zero, such rate shall be deemed zero for purposes of this
      Agreement.&#160; Any change in an Alternative Currency Daily Rate shall be effective from and including the date of such change without further notice.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Alternative
          Currency Daily Rate Loan</u></font>&#8221; means a Loan (other than a Global Swing Line Loan) that bears interest at a rate based on the definition of &#8220;Alternative Currency Daily Rate&#8221;.&#160; All Alternative Currency Daily Rate Loans must be denominated in
      an Alternative Currency.</div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" class="DSPFListTable" id="z00fd8a2efe574b6896ff0bef8ca96305">

          <tr>
            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><br>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Alternative Currency
                    Loan</u></font>&#8221; means an Alternative Currency Daily Rate Loan or an Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan, as applicable.</div>
            </td>
          </tr>

      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Alternative
          Currency Term Rate</u></font>&#8221; means, for any Interest Period, with respect to any extension of credit (other than a Global Swing Line Loan) under the Credit Agreement denominated in Euros, the rate per annum equal to the Euro Interbank Offered
      Rate (&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>EURIBOR</u></font>&#8221;), as published on the applicable Reuters screen page (or such other commercially available source providing such quotations as may be
      designated by the Administrative Agent from time to time) on the day that is two TARGET Days preceding the first day of such Interest Period with a term equivalent to such Interest Period; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font> that if any Alternative Currency Term Rate shall be less than zero, such rate shall be deemed zero for purposes of this Agreement.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan</u></font>&#8221;
      means a Loan that bears interest at a rate based on the definition of &#8220;Alternative Currency Term Rate&#8221;.&#160; All Alternative Currency Term Rate Loans must be denominated in an Alternative Currency.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" class="DSPFListTable" id="z98b3cddc576b4292b2c4858caf54d09e">

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            <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right;"><br>
            </td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Business Day</u></font>&#8221;
                means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks are authorized to close under the laws of, or are in fact closed in, the state where the Administrative Agent&#8217;s Office is located; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font> that</div>
            </td>
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      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(a)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">if such day relates to any interest rate settings as to an Alternative Currency Loan denominated in Euro or a Global Swing Line
        Loan (Euro), any fundings, disbursements, settlements and payments in Euro in respect of any such Alternative Currency Loan or Global Swing Line Loan (Euro), as applicable, or any other dealings in Euro to be carried out pursuant to this Agreement
        in respect of any such Alternative Currency Loan or Global Swing Line Loan (Euro), as applicable, means a Business Day that is also a TARGET Day;</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(b)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">if such day relates to any interest rate settings as to an Alternative Currency Loan denominated in Sterling or a Global Swing
        Line Loan (Sterling), means a day other than a day banks are closed for general business in London because such day is a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday under the laws of the United Kingdom; and</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(c)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">if such day relates to any fundings, disbursements, settlements and payments in a currency other than Euro in respect of an
        Alternative Currency Loan denominated in a currency other than Euro, or any other dealings in any currency other than Euro to be carried out pursuant to this Agreement in respect of any such Alternative Currency Loan (other than any interest rate
        settings), means any such day on which banks are open for foreign exchange business in the principal financial center of the country of such currency.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Conforming
          Changes</u></font>&#8221; means, with respect to the use, administration of or any conventions associated with SONIA, EURIBOR, &#8364;STR or any proposed successor rate for any currency, any conforming changes to the definitions of &#8220;SONIA&#8221;,<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>&#8220;EURIBOR&#8221;, &#8220;&#8364;STR&#8221;, &#8220;Interest Period&#8221;, timing and frequency of determining rates and making payments of interest and other technical, administrative or
      operational matters (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the definition of &#8220;Business Day&#8221;, timing of borrowing requests or prepayment, conversion or continuation notices and length of lookback periods) as may be appropriate, in the discretion of
      the Administrative Agent, to reflect the adoption and implementation of such applicable rate(s) and to permit the administration thereof by the Administrative Agent in a manner substantially consistent with market practice for such currency (or, if
      the Administrative Agent determines that adoption of any portion of such market practice is not administratively feasible or that no market practice for the administration of such rate for such currency exists, in such other manner of administration
      as the Administrative Agent determines is reasonably necessary in connection with the administration of this Agreement and any other Loan Document).</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>&#8364;STR</u></font>&#8221;
      means, with respect to any applicable determination date, the Euro Short Term Rate as administered by the European Central Bank (or any other person which takes over the administration of that rate, the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>&#8364;STR Administrator</u></font>&#8221;) displayed on the European Central Bank&#8217;s website, currently at http://www.ecb.europa.eu, or any successor source for &#8364;STR identified as such by the &#8364;STR Administrator from time to
      time on the Business Day preceding such determination date (and if that rate is less than zero, &#8364;STR shall be deemed to be zero); <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font> that if such
      determination date is not a Business Day, &#8364;STR means such rate that applied on the first Business Day immediately prior thereto; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font>&#160;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>further</u></font> that &#8364;STR determined pursuant to the prior proviso shall be utilized for purposes of the calculation of &#8364;STR for no more than three (3) consecutive days.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Global Swing
          Line Loan (Euro)</u></font>&#8221; means any Global Swing Line Loan that bears interest at a rate based on the definition of &#8220;&#8364;STR&#8221;.&#160; All Global Swing Line Loans (Euro) must be denominated in Euros.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Global Swing
          Line Loan (Sterling)</u></font>&#8221; means any Global Swing Line Loan that bears interest at a rate based on the definition of &#8220;Alternative Currency Daily Rate&#8221;.&#160; All Global Swing Line Loans (Sterling) must be denominated in Sterling.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Interest
          Payment Date</u></font>&#8221; means, (a) as to any Alternative Currency Daily Rate Loan and Global Swing Line Loan, the last Business Day of each March, June, September and December and the applicable maturity date set forth in the Credit Agreement
      and (b) as to any Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan, the last day of each Interest Period applicable to such Loan; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font> that if any Interest Period for
      an Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan exceeds three months, the respective dates that fall every three months after the beginning of such Interest Period shall be Interest Payment Dates.</div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Interest Period</u></font>&#8221;
      means as to each Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan, the period commencing on the date such Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan is disbursed or converted to or continued as an Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan and ending on the date one, three or
      six months thereafter (in each case, subject to availability for the interest rate applicable to the relevant currency), as selected by the Company in its Loan Notice, or such other period that is twelve months or less requested by the Company and
      consented to by all the Lenders; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font> that:</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(a)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">any Interest Period that would otherwise end on a day that is not a Business Day shall be extended to the next succeeding
        Business Day unless, in the case of an Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan, such Business Day falls in another calendar month, in which case such Interest Period shall end on the next preceding Business Day;</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(b)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">any Interest Period pertaining to an Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan that begins on the last Business Day of a calendar
        month (or on a day for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the calendar month at the end of such Interest Period) shall end on the last Business Day of the calendar month at the end of such Interest Period; and</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(c)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">no Interest Period shall extend beyond the applicable maturity date set forth in the Credit Agreement.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Loan Notice</u></font>&#8221;
      means a Loan Notice, Swing Line Loan Notice, Request for Credit Extension, or any similar or analogous definition in the Credit Agreement, and such term shall be deemed to include the Loan Notice attached hereto as <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Exhibit A</u></font>.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Revaluation
          Date</u></font>&#8221; means,&#160;with respect to any Loan, each of the following: (a)&#160;each date of a Borrowing of an Alternative Currency Loan or Global Swing Line Loan, (b) with respect to an Alternative Currency Daily Rate Loan or Global Swing Line
      Loan, each Interest Payment Date, (c)&#160;each date of a continuation of an Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, and (d)&#160;such additional dates as the Administrative Agent shall determine or the Required
      Lenders shall require.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>SONIA</u></font>&#8221;
      means, with respect to any applicable determination date, the Sterling Overnight Index Average Reference Rate published on the fifth (5<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">th</sup>) Business Day preceding such date on the applicable Reuters screen page (or such other commercially
      available source providing such quotations as may be designated by the Administrative Agent from time to time); <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font> that if such determination date is
      not a Business Day, SONIA means such rate that applied on the first Business Day immediately prior thereto.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>TARGET2</u></font>&#8221;
      means the Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross Settlement Express Transfer payment system which utilizes a single shared platform and which was launched on November 19, 2007.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>TARGET Day</u></font>&#8221;
      means any day on which TARGET2 (or, if such payment system ceases to be operative, such other payment system, if any,&#160;determined by the Administrative Agent to be a suitable replacement) is open for the settlement of payments in Euro.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Type</u></font>&#8221;
      means, with respect to a Loan, its character as a Base Rate Loan, a Eurocurrency Rate Loan, an Alternative Currency Daily Rate Loan, an Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan or a Global Swing Line Loan.</div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">2.</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Terms Applicable to Alternative Currency Loans</u></font>.&#160;
        From and after the Amendment Effective Date, the parties hereto agree as follows:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(a)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Alternative Currencies</u></font>.&#160; (i) No
        Alternative Currency shall be considered a currency for which there is a published LIBOR rate, and (ii) any request for a new Loan denominated in an Alternative Currency, or to continue an existing Loan denominated in an Alternative Currency, shall
        be deemed to be a request for a new Loan bearing interest at<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>the Alternative Currency Daily Rate, Alternative Currency Term Rate or &#8364;STR, as
        applicable; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font> that to the extent any Loan bearing interest at the Eurocurrency Rate is outstanding on the Amendment Effective Date, such Loan shall
        continue to bear interest at the Eurocurrency Rate until the end of the current Interest Period or payment period applicable to such Loan unless, in the case of a Loan that bears interest at a daily floating rate, such daily floating rate is no
        longer representative or being made available, in which case such Loan shall bear interest at the applicable Alternative Currency Rate or &#8364;STR, as applicable, immediately upon the effectiveness of this Agreement.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(b)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>References to Eurocurrency Rate and Eurocurrency
            Rate Loans in the Credit Agreement and Loan Documents</u></font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(i)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">References to the Eurocurrency Rate and Eurocurrency Rate Loans in provisions of the Credit Agreement and the other Loan
        Documents that are not specifically addressed herein (other than the definitions of Eurocurrency Rate and Eurocurrency Rate Loan) shall be deemed to include Alternative Currency Daily Rates,<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>Alternative Currency Term Rates, and Alternative Currency Loans, &#8364;STR and Global Swing Line Loans, as applicable.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(ii)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">For purposes of any requirement for a Borrower to compensate Lenders for losses in the Credit Agreement resulting from any
        continuation, conversion, payment or prepayment of any Alternative Currency Loan on a day other than the last day of any Interest Period (as defined in the Credit Agreement), references to the Interest Period (as defined in the Credit Agreement)
        shall be deemed to include any relevant interest payment date or payment period for an Alternative Currency Loan.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(c)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Interest Rates</u></font>.&#160; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">The Administrative Agent does not warrant, nor accept responsibility, nor shall the Administrative Agent have any liability with respect to the
          administration, submission or any other matter related to the rates in the definition of &#8220;Alternative Currency Daily Rate&#8221;, &#8220;Alternative Currency Term Rate&#8221;, &#8220;&#8364;STR&#8221; </font>or with respect to any rate (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the
        selection &#160;of such rate and any related spread or other adjustment) that is an alternative or replacement for or successor to any such rate or the effect of any of the foregoing, or of any Conforming Changes.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(d)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Revaluation Dates</u></font>.&#160; The
        Administrative Agent shall determine the Dollar Equivalent amounts of Borrowings and Loans denominated in Alternative Currencies. Such Dollar Equivalent shall become effective as of such Revaluation Date and shall be the Dollar Equivalent of such
        amounts until the next Revaluation Date to occur.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(e)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Borrowings and Continuations of Alternative
            Currency Loans</u></font>.&#160; In addition to any other borrowing requirements set forth in the Credit Agreement:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> <br>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(i)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Alternative Currency Loans</u></font>.&#160; Each
        Borrowing of Alternative Currency Loans, and each continuation of an Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan shall be made upon the Company&#8217;s irrevocable notice to the Administrative Agent, which may be given by (A)&#160;telephone or (B) a Loan Notice; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font> that any telephonic notice must be confirmed immediately by delivery to the Administrative Agent of a Loan Notice. Each such Loan Notice must be
        received by the Administrative Agent not later than 11:00 a.m. (Eastern time) three Business Days prior to the requested date of any Borrowing or, in the case of Alternative Currency Term Rate Loans, any continuation.&#160; Each Borrowing of or
        continuation of Alternative Currency Loans shall be in a principal amount of the Dollar Equivalent of $500,000 or a whole multiple of the Dollar Equivalent of $100,000 in excess thereof.&#160; Each Loan Notice shall specify (i) whether the Company is
        requesting a Borrowing or a continuation of Alternative Currency Term Rate Loans, (ii) the requested date of the Borrowing or continuation, as the case may be (which shall be a Business Day), (iii) the currency and principal amount of Loans to be
        borrowed or continued, (iv) the Type of Loans to be borrowed, (v) if applicable, the duration of the Interest Period with respect thereto.&#160; If the Company fails to specify a currency in a Loan Notice requesting a Borrowing, then the Loans so
        requested shall be made in Dollars.&#160; If the Company fails to specify a Type of Loan in a Loan Notice or if the Company fails to give a timely notice requesting a continuation, then the applicable Loans shall be made as Base Rate Loans denominated
        in Dollars; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font> that in the case of a failure to timely request a continuation of Alternative Currency Term Rate Loans, such Loans shall be continued
        as Alternative Currency Term Rate Loans in their original currency with an Interest Period of one (1) month.&#160; If the Company requests a Borrowing of or continuation of Alternative Currency Term Rate Loans in any such Loan Notice, but fails to
        specify an Interest Period, it will be deemed to have specified an Interest Period of one month.&#160; Except as otherwise specified in the Credit Agreement, no Alternative Currency Loan may be converted into or continued as a Loan denominated in a
        different currency, but instead must be repaid in the original currency of such Alternative Currency Loan and reborrowed in the other currency.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(ii)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Conforming Changes</u></font>.&#160; With respect to
        any Alternative Currency Rate, the Administrative Agent will have the right to make Conforming Changes from time to time and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, in the Credit Agreement or in any other Loan Document, any amendments
        implementing such Conforming Changes will become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to this Agreement, the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font> that, with respect to any such amendment effected, the Administrative Agent shall post each such amendment implementing such Conforming Changes to the Borrowers and the Lenders reasonably promptly after such
        amendment becomes effective.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(iii)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Loan Notice</u></font>.<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160; </font>For purposes of a Borrowing of Alternative Currency Loans, or a continuation of and Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan, the Company shall use the Loan Notice
        attached hereto as <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Exhibit A</u></font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(f)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Global Swing Line Loans</u></font>.&#160; In addition
        to any other borrowing requirements set forth in the Credit Agreement:</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(i)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Borrowing Procedures</u></font>.&#160; Each Swing
        Line Borrowing shall be made upon the applicable Borrower&#8217;s irrevocable notice to the Swing Line Lender and the Administrative Agent, which may be given by (A) telephone or (B) by a Loan Notice; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font> that any telephonic notice must be confirmed promptly by delivery to the Swing Line Lender and the Administrative Agent of a Loan Notice. Each such Loan Notice must be received by the Swing Line
        Lender and the Administrative Agent not later than 11:00 a.m. London time on the requested borrowing date, and shall specify (i) the identity of the applicable Borrower, (ii) the amount to be borrowed, which shall be a minimum of the Alternative
        Currency Equivalent of $500,000, (iii) whether the Global Swing Line Loan shall be denominated in Euros or Sterling and (iv) the requested borrowing date, which shall be a Business Day.&#160; Promptly after receipt by the Swing Line Lender of any
        telephonic Loan Notice, the Swing Line Lender will confirm with the Administrative Agent (by telephone or in writing) that the Administrative Agent has also received such Loan Notice and, if not, the Swing Line Lender will notify the Administrative
        Agent of the contents thereof.&#160; Unless the Swing Line Lender has received notice (by telephone or in writing) from the Administrative Agent (including at the request of any Revolving Lender) prior to 2:00 p.m. (London time) on the date of the
        proposed Swing Line Borrowing (A) directing the Swing Line Lender not to make such Swing Line Loan as a result of the limitations set forth in the first proviso to the first sentence of Section 2.04(a), or (B) that one or more of the applicable
        conditions specified in Article IV is not then satisfied, then, subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Swing Line Lender will, not later than 3:00 p.m. (London time) on the borrowing date specified in such Swing Line Loan Notice, make the
        amount of its Swing Line Loan available to the applicable Borrower at its office by crediting the account of such Borrower on the books of the Swing Line Lender in Same Day Funds.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(ii)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Conforming Changes</u></font>.&#160; With respect to
        &#8364;STR, the Administrative Agent will have the right to make Conforming Changes from time to time and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, in the Credit Agreement or in any other Loan Document, any amendments implementing such Conforming
        Changes will become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to this Agreement, the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document; <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font>
        that, with respect to any such amendment effected, the Administrative Agent shall post each such amendment implementing such Conforming Changes to the Borrowers and the Lenders reasonably promptly after such amendment becomes effective.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(iii)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Loan Notice</u></font>.<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160; </font>For purposes of a Borrowing of Global Swing Line Loans, the Company shall use the Loan Notice attached hereto as <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Exhibit A</u></font>.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(g)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Interest</u></font>.<a name="z_Hlk72331704"></a></font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(i)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Subject to the provisions of the Credit Agreement with respect to default interest, (w) each Alternative Currency Daily Rate
        Loan shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof from the applicable borrowing date at a rate per annum equal to the Alternative Currency Daily Rate <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>plus</u></font>
        the Applicable Rate; (x) each Alternative Currency Term Rate Loan shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof for each Interest Period at a rate per annum equal to the Alternative Currency Term Rate for such Interest Period <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>plus</u></font> the Applicable Rate; (y) each Global Swing Line Loan (Euro) shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof from the applicable borrowing
        date at a rate per annum equal to &#8364;STR <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>plus</u></font> the Applicable Rate; and (z) each Global Swing Line Loan (Sterling) shall bear interest on the outstanding
        principal amount thereof from the applicable borrowing date at a rate per annum equal to the Alternative Currency Daily Rate <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>plus</u></font> the Applicable Rate.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(ii)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Interest on each Alternative Currency Loan and each Global Swing Line Loan shall be due and payable in arrears on each Interest
        Payment Date applicable thereto and at such other times as may be specified the Credit Agreement.&#160; Interest hereunder shall be due and payable in accordance with the terms hereof before and after judgment, and before and after the commencement of
        any proceeding under any debtor relief law.</font></div>
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      </font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(h)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Computations</u></font>.&#160; All computations of
        interest for Alternative Currency <a name="z_Hlk68508387"></a>Loans and Global Swing Line Loans (Sterling) shall be made on the basis of a year of 365 or 366 days, as the case may be, and actual days elapsed, or, in the case of interest in respect
        of Alternative Currency Loans as to which market practice differs from the foregoing, in accordance with such market practice.&#160; All other computations of fees and interest with respect to Global Swing Line Loans (Euro) shall be made on the basis of
        a 360-day year and actual days elapsed (which results in more fees or interest, as applicable, being paid than if computed on the basis of a 365-day year).&#160; Interest shall accrue on each Alternative Currency Loans and Global Swing Line Loans for
        the day on which any such Loan is made, and shall not accrue on any such Loan, or any portion thereof, for the day on which such Loan or such portion is paid, <font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>provided</u></font>
        that any such Loan that is repaid on the same day on which it is made shall, subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement, bear interest for one day.&#160; Each determination by the Administrative Agent of an interest rate or fee hereunder shall be
        conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">(i)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; font-size: 1px; width: 36pt" id="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Successor Rates</u></font>.&#160; The provisions in
        the Credit Agreement addressing the replacement of a current successor rate for a currency shall be deemed to apply to Alternative Currency Loans and SONIA, EURIBOR and &#8364;STR, as applicable, and the related defined terms shall be deemed to include
        Sterling and Euros and SONIA, EURIBOR and &#8364;STR, in each case, as applicable.</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Exhibit A</u></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 24pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold;">FORM OF LOAN NOTICE</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br>
      </font>(Alternative Currency Loans and Global Swing Line Loans)</div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Date:&#160; ____________ ___, _____<sup style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">1</sup></div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" class="DSPFListTable" id="z123a24a0c9a14c68bb2c394765d4e016">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">To:</td>
          <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

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    <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt; margin-right: 175.5pt; margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">[Bank of America, N.A., as Swing Line Lender]</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; text-indent: -36pt; margin-right: 175.5pt; margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Ladies and Gentlemen:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reference is made to that certain Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 30, 2019 (as amended, supplemented, extended, restated or
      otherwise modified from time to time, the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Credit Agreement</u></font>&#8221;; the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among John Wiley &amp; Sons,
      Inc., a New York corporation (the &#8220;<font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><u>Company</u></font>&#8221;), certain Subsidiaries of the Company as Borrowers, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of
      America, N.A., as Administrative Agent.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><sup style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">2</sup>The undersigned hereby requests (select one):</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
<!--Generated by EDGARfilings PROfile 7.6.0.0 Broadridge-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:t1="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt">
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>jwa-20211223_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
<!--Generated by EDGARfilings PROfile 7.6.0.0 Broadridge-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance">
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:label="StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:title="StatementClassOfStockAxis" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_lbl">Class of Stock [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_lbl" xlink:title="label: StatementClassOfStockAxis to us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="CoverAbstract" xlink:title="CoverAbstract" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:title="label: CoverAbstract to dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="DocumentType" xlink:title="DocumentType" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_DocumentType_lbl">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:title="label: DocumentType to dei_DocumentType_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="WrittenCommunications" xlink:title="WrittenCommunications" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:title="label: WrittenCommunications to dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="SolicitingMaterial" xlink:title="SolicitingMaterial" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:title="label: SolicitingMaterial to dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:title="PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:title="label: PreCommencementTenderOffer to dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:title="PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:title="label: PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer to dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="AmendmentFlag" xlink:title="AmendmentFlag" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:title="label: AmendmentFlag to dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:title="DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:title="label: DocumentFiscalYearFocus to dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:title="DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:title="label: DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus to dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:title="DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:title="label: DocumentPeriodEndDate to dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="EntityRegistrantName" xlink:title="EntityRegistrantName" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityRegistrantName to dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:title="EntityCentralIndexKey" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityCentralIndexKey to dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="EntityFileNumber" xlink:title="EntityFileNumber" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityFileNumber to dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:title="EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityTaxIdentificationNumber to dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:title="EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode to dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:title="EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityEmergingGrowthCompany to dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:title="EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityAddressAddressLine1 to dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:title="EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityAddressAddressLine2 to dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:title="EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityAddressAddressLine3 to dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:title="EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityAddressCityOrTown to dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:title="EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityAddressStateOrProvince to dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="EntityAddressCountry" xlink:title="EntityAddressCountry" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityAddressCountry to dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:title="EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityAddressPostalZipCode to dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="CityAreaCode" xlink:title="CityAreaCode" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:title="label: CityAreaCode to dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:title="LocalPhoneNumber" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:title="label: LocalPhoneNumber to dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityListingsTable" xlink:label="EntityListingsTable" xlink:title="EntityListingsTable" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityListingsTable_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityListingsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityListingsTable_lbl">Entity Listings [Table]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityListingsTable" xlink:to="dei_EntityListingsTable_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityListingsTable to dei_EntityListingsTable_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityListingsLineItems" xlink:label="EntityListingsLineItems" xlink:title="EntityListingsLineItems" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityListingsLineItems_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityListingsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityListingsLineItems_lbl">Entity Listings [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityListingsLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityListingsLineItems_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityListingsLineItems to dei_EntityListingsLineItems_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="Security12bTitle" xlink:title="Security12bTitle" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:title="label: Security12bTitle to dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:title="NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<span style="display: none;">v3.21.4</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140519583948168">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 23, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityListingsLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Listings [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Dec. 23,  2021<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-11507<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">13-5593032<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">111 River Street<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Hoboken<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NJ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">07030<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">201<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">748-6000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000107140<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityListingsLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Listings [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Class A Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">JW.A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityListingsLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Listings [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Class B Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">JW.B<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityListingsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityListingsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
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$      $!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
