In May 2022, the Company initiated a global program to restructure and align our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions (Fiscal Year 2023 Restructuring Program). This program includes severance related charges for the elimination of certain positions, the exit of certain leased office space, and the reduction of our occupancy at other facilities. We are reducing our real estate square footage occupancy by approximately 22%.


	For the Year Ended April 30,
	2023
Charges by Segment:
Research	$	2,413
Academic	10,335
Talent	3,255
Corporate Expenses	32,879
Total Restructuring and Related Charges	$	48,882

Charges by Activity:
Severance and termination benefits	$	25,827
Impairment of operating lease ROU assets and property and equipment	12,696
Acceleration of expense related to operating lease ROU assets and property and equipment	2,140
Facility related charges, net	4,150
Consulting costs	2,285
Other activities	1,784
Total Restructuring and Related Charges	$	48,882

The impairment charges of $12.7 million for the year ended April 30, 2023 included the impairment of operating lease ROU assets of $7.6 million related to certain leases that will be subleased, and the related property and equipment of $5.1 million described further below. These charges were recorded in corporate expenses.

The acceleration of expense of $2.1 million for the year ended April 30, 2023 included the acceleration of rent expense associated with operating lease ROU assets of $0.9 million related to certain leases that will be abandoned or terminated, and the related depreciation and amortization of property and equipment of $1.2 million.

Due to the actions taken above, we tested the operating lease ROU assets and the related property and equipment for those being subleased for recoverability by comparing the carrying value of the asset group to an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. Based on the results of the recoverability test, we determined that the undiscounted cash flows of the asset groups were below the carrying values. Therefore, there was an indication of impairment. We then determined the fair value of the asset groups by utilizing the present value of the estimated future cash flows attributable to the assets. The fair value of these operating lease ROU assets and the property and equipment immediately subsequent to the impairment was $12.1 million and was categorized as Level 3 within the FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements” fair value hierarchy.

In addition, we also incurred ongoing facility-related costs associated with certain properties that resulted in additional restructuring charges of $4.2 million in the year ended April 30, 2023. We also incurred consulting costs of $2.3 million and other activities of $1.8 million in the year ended April 30, 2023.

In the three months ended January 31, 2023, due to the political instability and military actions between Russia and Ukraine, we made the decision to close our operations in Russia which primarily consists of technology development resources. We were substantially complete with our closure as of April 30, 2023, except for the formal liquidation of the Russian legal entity, which we expect to complete in fiscal year 2024. Since we were substantially liquidated as of April 30, 2023, we wrote off the $1.1 million cumulative translation adjustment gain in earnings. This is reflected in Foreign exchange transaction gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Included in the table above are restructuring charges for the year ended April 30, 2023 of $8.3 million, related to these actions, and include the following:


	April 30, 2022		Charges		Payments		Foreign Translation & Other Adjustments		April 30, 2023
Severance and termination benefits	$	—	$	25,827	$	(21,247)	$	(8)	$	4,572
Consulting costs	—		2,285		(2,285)		—		—
Other activities	—		1,784		(1,986)		211		9
Total	$	—	$	29,896	$	(25,518)	$	203	$	4,581

Approximately $3.8 million of the restructuring liability for accrued severance and termination benefits is reflected in Accrued employment costs and approximately $0.8 million is reflected in Other long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The liability for Other activities is reflected in Other accrued liabilities on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.


	For the Years Ended April 30,						Total Charges Incurred to Date
	2023		2022		2021
Charges (Credits) by Segment:
Research	$	(231)	$	238	$	99	$	3,652
Academic	31		(470)		3,457		12,447
Talent	(246)		23		303		4,900
Corporate Expenses	953		(1,218)		29,590		44,343
Total Restructuring and Related Charges (Credits)	$	507	$	(1,427)	$	33,449	$	65,342

Charges (Credits) by Activity:
Severance and termination benefits	$	(1,012)	$	(3,276)	$	11,531	$	34,107
Impairment of operating lease ROU assets and property and equipment	—		—		14,918		15,079
Acceleration of expense related to operating lease ROU assets and property and equipment	—		—		3,378		3,378
Facility related charges, net	1,519		1,849		3,684		11,038
Other activities	—		—		(62)		1,740
Total Restructuring and Related Charges (Credits)	$	507	$	(1,427)	$	33,449	$	65,342

The credits in severance and termination benefits activities for the years ended April 30, 2023 and 2022 primarily reflect changes in the number of headcount reductions and estimates for previously accrued costs.

In November 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Company’s successful transition to a virtual work environment, we increased use of virtual work arrangements for post-pandemic operations. As a result, we expanded the scope of the Business Optimization Program to include the exit of certain leased office space beginning in the three months ended January 31, 2021, and the reduction of our occupancy at other facilities. These actions resulted in a pretax restructuring charge of $18.3 million in the three months ended January 31, 2021. This restructuring charge primarily reflects the following noncash charges:

•Impairment charges of $14.9 million recorded in our corporate category, which included the impairment of operating lease ROU assets of $10.6 million related to certain leases that will be subleased, and the related property and equipment of $4.3 million described further below, and

•Acceleration of expense of $3.4 million, which included the acceleration of rent expense associated with operating lease ROU assets of $2.9 million related to certain leases that will be abandoned or terminated and the related depreciation and amortization of property and equipment of $0.5 million.

Due to the actions taken above, we tested the operating lease ROU assets and the related property and equipment for those being subleased for recoverability by comparing the carrying value of the asset group to an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. Based on the results of the recoverability test, we determined that the undiscounted cash flows of the asset groups were below the carrying values. Therefore, there was an indication of impairment. We then determined the fair value of the asset groups by utilizing the present value of the estimated future cash flows attributable to the assets. The fair value of these operating lease ROU assets and the property and equipment immediately subsequent to the impairment was $7.5 million and was categorized as Level 3 within the FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements” fair value hierarchy.

In addition, we also incurred ongoing facility related costs associated with certain properties that resulted in additional restructuring charges of $1.5 million, $1.8 million, and $3.7 million in the years ended April 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively. Facilities related charges, net include sublease income related to those operating leases we had identified in the year ended April 30, 2021 as part of our Business Optimization Program that would be subleased.


	April 30, 2022		(Credits)		Payments		Foreign Translation & Other Adjustments		April 30, 2023
Severance and termination benefits	$	2,079	$	(1,012)	$	(1,042)	$	(25)	$	—
Total	$	2,079	$	(1,012)	$	(1,042)	$	(25)	$	—