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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - UNAUDITED - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 3 Months Ended
--- | ---
Jul. 31, 2023 | Jul. 31, 2022
Operating activities |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ (92,264) | $ (17,835)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
Impairment of goodwill |  | 26,695 | 0
Amortization of intangible assets |  | 15,648 | 25,311
Impairment charge related to assets held-for-sale and loss on sale of a business |  | 75,929 | 0
Amortization of product development assets |  | 6,687 | 8,288
Depreciation and amortization of technology, property and equipment |  | 21,393 | 24,680
Restructuring and related charges |  | 12,123 | 22,441
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 6,286 | 7,123
Employee retirement plan expense |  | 9,244 | 8,325
Foreign exchange transaction losses |  | 1,620 | 616
Other noncash credits |  | (20,520) | (10,791)
Net change in operating assets and liabilities |  | (145,176) | (158,097)
Net cash used in operating activities |  | (82,335) | (89,939)
Investing activities |  |  |
Product development spending |  | (3,747) | (5,825)
Additions to technology, property and equipment |  | (20,086) | (17,923)
Businesses acquired in purchase transactions, net of cash acquired |  | (1,500) | (96)
Proceeds related to the sale of a business |  | 457 | 0
Acquisitions of publication rights and other |  | (866) | 2,038
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (25,742) | (21,806)
Financing activities |  |  |
Repayments of long-term debt |  | (196,405) | (111,800)
Borrowings of long-term debt |  | 341,878 | 268,673
Purchases of treasury shares |  | (10,000) | (10,000)
Change in book overdrafts |  | (5,947) | (4,694)
Cash dividends |  | (19,382) | (19,468)
Impact of tax withholding on stock-based compensation and other |  | (4,330) | (4,722)
Net cash provided by financing activities |  | 105,814 | 117,989
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  | 2,257 | (1,985)
Cash reconciliation: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 106,714 | 100,397
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 548 | 330
Balance at beginning of period |  | 107,262 | 100,727
Increase/(decrease) for the period |  | (6) | 4,259
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 107,152 | 104,495
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 104 | 491
Balance at end of period | [1] | 107,256 | 104,986
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
Interest |  | 10,657 | 5,511
Income taxes, net of refunds |  | $ 12,374 | $ 14,075
[1] | The balance as of July 31, 2023 includes held-for-sale cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. See Note 3, "Acquisitions and Divestitures" for further details.

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