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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - UNAUDITED - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Oct. 31, 2023 | Oct. 31, 2022 | Oct. 31, 2023 | Oct. 31, 2022
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income |  | $ (19,445) | $ 38,193 | $ (111,709) | $ 20,358
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Impairment of goodwill |  | 0 | 0 | 26,695 | 0
Impairment charge related to assets held-for-sale and loss on sale of a business |  | 51,414 | 0 | 127,343 | 0
Amortization of intangible assets |  | 13,565 | 20,110 | 29,213 | 45,421
Amortization of product development assets |  |  |  | 12,937 | 16,452
Depreciation and amortization of technology, property and equipment |  |  |  | 41,752 | 48,827
Restructuring and related charges |  | 25,102 | 13,956 | 37,225 | 36,397
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 6,500 | 6,900 | 12,801 | 13,998
Employee retirement plan expense |  |  |  | 17,590 | 14,622
Foreign exchange transaction losses |  | 2,357 | (478) | 3,977 | 138
Gain on sale of certain assets |  |  |  | 0 | (40)
Other noncash credits |  |  |  | (39,895) | (8,514)
Net change in operating assets and liabilities |  |  |  | (241,415) | (263,855)
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  |  | (83,486) | (76,196)
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |
Product development spending |  |  |  | (8,168) | (11,445)
Additions to technology, property and equipment |  |  |  | (40,321) | (38,530)
Businesses acquired in purchase transactions, net of cash acquired |  |  |  | (1,500) | (96)
Proceeds related to the sale of a business |  |  |  | 1,025 | 40
Acquisitions of publication rights and other |  |  |  | (2,953) | 1,738
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  |  | (51,917) | (48,293)
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Repayments of long-term debt |  |  |  | (381,640) | (208,925)
Borrowings of long-term debt |  |  |  | 579,871 | 437,311
Purchases of treasury shares |  |  |  | (22,500) | (17,500)
Change in book overdrafts |  |  |  | (2,733) | (15,771)
Cash dividends |  |  |  | (38,691) | (38,749)
Impact of tax withholding on stock-based compensation and other |  |  |  | (4,605) | (4,763)
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  |  | 129,702 | 151,603
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  |  |  | (1,943) | (8,784)
Cash reconciliation: |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  | 106,714 | 100,397
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  |  | 548 | 330
Balance at beginning of period |  |  |  | 107,262 | 100,727
(Decrease)/increase for the period |  |  |  | (7,644) | 18,330
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 99,515 | 118,423 | 99,515 | 118,423
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 103 | 634 | 103 | 634
Balance at end of period | [1] | $ 99,618 | $ 119,057 | 99,618 | 119,057
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  |  |  | 22,933 | 14,077
Income taxes, net of refunds |  |  |  | $ 26,423 | $ 25,349
[1] | The balance as of October 31, 2023 includes held-for-sale cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. See Note 3, "Acquisitions and Divestitures" for further details.

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