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Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers | 6 Months Ended
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Oct. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] |
Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers | Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers Disaggregation of Revenue In the three months ended July 31, 2023, we reorganized our segments. Our new segment structure consists of three reportable segments which includes (1) Research (no change), (2) Learning, (3) Held For Sale or Sold, as well as a Corporate expense category (no change), which includes certain costs that are not allocated to the reportable segments. Research includes reporting lines of Research Publishing and Research Solutions. Learning includes reporting lines of Academic and Professional. Held for Sale or Sold includes those non-core businesses which we have sold or announced we are divesting and include University Services, Wiley Edge, and CrossKnowledge. Prior period segment results have been revised to the new segment presentation. There were no changes to our consolidated financial results. See Note 10, “Segment Information,” for more details. The following table presents our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type.
| Three Months Ended October 31, |  | Six Months Ended October 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Research: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research Publishing | $ | 219,743 |  |  | $ | 232,641 |  |  | $ | 442,743 |  |  | $ | 472,164 |
Research Solutions | 37,927 |  |  | 38,718 |  |  | 72,731 |  |  | 74,108 |
Total Research | 257,670 |  |  | 271,359 |  |  | 515,474 |  |  | 546,272 |
Learning: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Academic | 89,125 |  |  | 82,256 |  |  | 137,417 |  |  | 141,004 |
Professional | 59,815 |  |  | 57,393 |  |  | 120,843 |  |  | 118,292 |
Total Learning | 148,940 |  |  | 139,649 |  |  | 258,260 |  |  | 259,296 |
Held for Sale or Sold | 86,198 |  |  | 103,828 |  |  | 170,087 |  |  | 196,837 |
Total Revenue | $ | 492,808 |  |  | $ | 514,836 |  |  | $ | 943,821 |  |  | $ | 1,002,405 |
The following information describes our disaggregation of revenue by segment and product type. Overall, the majority of our revenue is recognized over time. Research Research customers include academic, corporate, government, and public libraries, funders of research, researchers, scientists, clinicians, engineers and technologists, scholarly and professional societies, and students and professors. Research products are sold and distributed globally through multiple channels, including research libraries and library consortia, independent subscription agents, direct sales to researchers and professional society members, and other customers. Publishing centers include Australia, China, Germany, India, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). The majority of revenue generated from Research products is recognized over time. Total Research revenue was $257.7 million and $515.5 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2023, respectively. We disaggregated revenue by Research Publishing and Research Solutions to reflect the different type of products and services provided. Research Publishing Products Research Publishing products provide scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, as well as related content and services, to academic, corporate, and government libraries, learned societies, and individual researchers and other professionals. Research Publishing revenue was $219.7 million and $442.7 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2023, respectively, and the majority is recognized over time. In the three and six months ended October 31, 2023, Research Publishing products generated approximately 86% and 87%, respectively, of their revenue from contracts with their customers from Journal Subscriptions (pay to read), Open Access (pay to publish) and Transformational Agreements (read and publish), and the remainder from Licensing, Backfiles, and Other. Research Solutions Products and Services Research Solutions products and services include corporate and society service offerings such as advertising, spectroscopy software and spectral databases, job board software and career center services, publishing services such as editorial operations, production, copyediting, system support and consulting, and a journal submission and peer-review management system. In addition, Research Solutions includes Atypon platforms and services. Atypon is a publishing software and service provider that enables scholarly and professional societies and publishers to deliver, host, enhance, market, and manage their content on the web through the Literatum TM platform. Research Solutions revenue was $37.9 million and $72.7 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2023, respectively, and the majority is recognized over time. In the three and six months ended October 31, 2023, Research Solutions products and services generated approximately 68% and 66%, respectively, of their revenue from contracts with their customers from corporate and society offerings and 32% and 34%, respectively, from Atypon platforms and services. Learning Learning customers include chain and online booksellers, libraries, colleges and universities, corporations, direct to consumer, web sites, and other online applications. Total Learning revenue was $148.9 million and $258.3 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2023, respectively. We disaggregated revenue by type of products provided. Learning products are Academic and Professional. Academic Academic products revenue was $89.1 million and $137.4 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2023, respectively. Academic products and services including scientific, professional, and education print and digital books, and digital courseware to libraries, corporations, students, professionals, and researchers. Communities served include business, finance, accounting, management, leadership, technology, behavioral health, engineering/architecture, science and medicine, and education. Products are developed for worldwide distribution through multiple channels, including chain and online booksellers, libraries, colleges and universities, corporations, direct to consumer, websites, distributor networks and other online applications. In the three and six months ended October 31, 2023, Academic products generated approximately 60% and 65%, respectively, of their revenue from contracts with their customers for print and digital publishing, which is recognized at a point in time. Digital Courseware products in the three and six months ended October 31, 2023 generate approximately 36% and 28%, respectively, of their revenue from contracts with their customers which is recognized over time. The remainder of their revenues were from Licensing and Other, which has a mix of revenue recognized at a point in time and over time. Professional Professional products revenue was $59.8 million and $120.8 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2023, respectively. Professional provides learning, development, publishing, and assessment services for businesses and professionals. Our trade publishing produces professional books, which includes business and finance, technology, professional development for educators, test preparation books and other professional categories, as well as the For Dummies® brand. Products are sold to brick-and-mortar and online retailers, wholesalers who supply such bookstores, college bookstores, individual practitioners, corporations, and government agencies. Our assessments offering includes high-demand soft-skills training solutions that are delivered to organizational clients through online digital delivery platforms, either directly or through an authorized distributor network of independent consultants, trainers, and coaches. In the three and six months ended October 31, 2023, Professional products generated approximately 56% and 58%, respectively, of their revenue from contracts with their customers for trade print and digital publishing, which is recognized at a point in time. Our assessments offering in the three and six months ended October 31, 2023 generates approximately 34% and 32%, respectively, of their revenue from contracts with their customers which has a mix of revenue recognized at a point in time and over time. The remainder of their revenues were from Licensing and Other, which has a mix of revenue recognized at a point in time and over time. Held for Sale or Sold Held for Sale or Sold revenue was $86.2 million and $170.1 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2023, respectively. Offerings include University Services, Wiley Edge, and CrossKnowledge. Our University Services business offers institutions and their students a rich portfolio of education technology and student and faculty support services, allowing the institutions to reach more students online with their own quality academic programs. University Services revenue is mainly recognized over time. Wiley Edge sources, trains, and prepares aspiring students and professionals to meet the skill needs of today’s technology careers, and then places them with some of the world's largest financial institutions, technology companies, and government agencies. Wiley Edge also works with its clients to retrain and retain existing employees so they can continue to meet the changing demands of today’s technology landscape. Wiley Edge revenue is recognized at the point in time the services are provided to its customers. CrossKnowledge services includes corporate learning online learning and training solutions for global corporations, universities, and small and medium-sized enterprises sold on a subscription or fee basis. CrossKnowledge revenue is recognized over time. Held for Sale or Sold also includes the revenue associated with those businesses which have been sold which includes Wiley's Efficient Learning test prep portfolio business, and our advancement courses business which were both sold in fiscal year 2023, and our Tuition Manager business which was sold in the three months ended July 31, 2023. Accounts Receivable, net and Contract Liability Balances When consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract, a contract liability is recorded. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when, or as, control of the products or services are transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met. The following table provides information about accounts receivable, net and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.
| October 31, 2023 |  | April 30, 2023 |  | Increase/ (Decrease)
Balances from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 147,253 |  |  | $ | 310,121 |  |  | $ | (162,868) |
Contract liabilities (1) | 235,839 |  |  | 504,695 |  |  | (268,856) |
Contract liabilities (included in Other long-term liabilities) | $ | 19,563 |  |  | $ | 17,426 |  |  | $ | 2,137 |
(1) | The sales return reserve recorded in Contract liabilities is $26.2 million and $24.6 million, as of October 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023, respectively.
For the six months ended October 31, 2023, we estimate that we recognized revenue of approximately 74% that was included in the current contract liability balance at April 30, 2023. For the six months ended October 31, 2022, we estimate that 73% of revenue recognized was included in the current contract liability at April 30, 2022. The decrease in contract liabilities excluding the sales return reserve, was primarily driven by revenue earned on journal subscription agreements, transformational agreements, and open access, partially offset by renewals of journal subscription agreements, transformational agreements, and open access. In addition, contract liabilities decreased due to the reclassification of the held-for-sale amounts to Current liabilities held-for-sale on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of October 31, 2023. Remaining Performance Obligations included in Contract Liability As of October 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations is approximately $255.4 million, which included the sales return reserve of $26.2 million. Excluding the sales return reserve, we expect that approximately $209.6 million will be recognized in the next twelve months with the remaining $19.6 million to be recognized thereafter. Assets Recognized for the Costs to Fulfill a Contract Costs to fulfill a contract are directly related to a contract that will be used to satisfy a performance obligation in the future and are expected to be recovered. These costs are amortized on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates. These types of costs are incurred in the following product types, (1) Research Solutions services, which includes customer specific implementation costs per the terms of the contract and (2) University Services, which is included in the Held for Sale or Sold segment and includes customer specific costs to develop courses per the terms of the contract. Our assets associated with incremental costs to fulfill a contract, were $10.4 million and $10.6 million at October 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023, respectively, and are included within Other non-current assets at April 30, 2023 and in both Other non-current assets and Non-current assets held-for-sale at October 31, 2023 on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. We recorded amortization expense of $1.0 million and $2.7 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2023, respectively, related to these assets within Cost of sales on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net (Loss) Income. We recorded amortization expense of $1.1 million and $2.3 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2022, respectively, related to these assets within Cost of sales on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net (Loss) Income. Sales and value-added taxes are excluded from revenues. Shipping and handling costs, which are primarily incurred within the Learning segment, occur before the transfer of control of the related goods. Therefore, in accordance with the revenue standard, it is not considered a promised service to the customer and would be considered a cost to fulfill our promise to transfer the goods. Costs incurred for third party shipping and handling are primarily reflected in Operating and administrative expenses on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net (Loss) Income. We incurred $6.5 and $13.1 in shipping and handling costs in the three and six months ended October 31, 2023, respectively. We incurred $7.1 and $13.5 in shipping and handling costs in the three and six months ended October 31, 2022, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-15 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (c) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (b)(2) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//606/tableOfContent + Details
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