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Segment Information
 12 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information Segment Information
We report our segment information in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting.” We determine our operating and reportable segments based on how our chief operating decision maker (CODM) evaluates our business performance, manages the operations, makes operating decisions, and allocates resources.

On June 1, 2023, Wiley’s Board of Directors approved a plan to divest certain businesses that we determined are non-core businesses. Those businesses are University Services, Wiley Edge, and CrossKnowledge. On January 1, 2024 we completed the sale of University Services. On January 8, 2024 we entered into an agreement to sell our Wiley Edge business, which closed on May 31, 2024, with the exception of its India operations. The sale of Wiley Edge’s India operation will be finalized later in calendar year 2024. We expect to complete the sale of CrossKnowledge by the second quarter of fiscal year 2025. As a result of these planned divestitures, in the three months ended July 31, 2023 we reorganized our segments in a manner consistent with the way management evaluates the businesses, and our new structure consists of three operating segments and reportable segments which includes Research (no change), Learning, and Held for Sale or Sold, as well as a Corporate expense category (no change), which includes certain costs that are not allocated to the reportable segments. Prior period segment results and disclosures within the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements have been recast to the new segment presentation. There were no changes to our consolidated financial results.
•Research includes the reporting lines of Research Publishing and Research Solutions and provides peer-reviewed scientific, technical, and medical (STM) publishing, content platforms, and related services to academic, corporate, and government customers, academic societies, and individual researchers;
•Learning includes the reporting lines of Academic and Professional and provides scientific, professional, and education print and digital books, digital courseware to libraries, corporations, students, professionals, and researchers, as well as assessment services to businesses and professionals;
•Held for Sale or Sold includes businesses held-for-sale including Wiley Edge and CrossKnowledge, as well as those sold in fiscal year 2024 which includes University Services and Tuition Manager, and in fiscal year 2023 Test Prep and Advancement Courses. The operations of University Services, Wiley Edge, and CrossKnowledge are reported in the Held for Sale or Sold segment until sold.

See Note 3, “Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,” for revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the years ended April 30, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

The performance metric used by our chief operating decision maker to evaluate performance of our reportable segments is Adjusted Operating Income. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024, we renamed the performance metric from Adjusted Contribution to Profit to Adjusted Operating Income with no changes in the calculation of this metric.
Segment information is as follows:
For the Years Ended April 30,
202420232022
Revenue:
Research$1,042,705 $1,080,311 $1,111,343 
Learning574,739 546,395 581,208 
Held for Sale or Sold255,543 393,194 390,377 
Total revenue$1,872,987 $2,019,900 $2,082,928 
Adjusted Operating Income:
Research$237,763 $283,984 $295,227 
Learning142,733 100,100 111,112 
Held for Sale or Sold28,711 1,186 4,094 
Total adjusted operating income by segment$409,207 $385,270 $410,433 
Depreciation and Amortization:
Research$93,422 $93,008 $94,899 
Learning57,696 57,698 58,691 
Held for Sale or Sold(1)
3,437 46,085 45,027 
Total depreciation and amortization$154,555 $196,791 $198,617 
Corporate depreciation and amortization22,434 16,462 16,553 
Total depreciation and amortization$176,989 $213,253 $215,170 
(1)
We ceased to record depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets for these businesses as of the date the assets were classified as held-for-sale.

We discontinued use of the mthree trademark that resulted in a change in the useful life and accelerated amortization expense of $4.6 million in the three months ended July 31, 2022. This amortization expense was an adjustment to the Held for Sale or Sold Adjusted operating income. In addition, it was included in Depreciation and amortization in the table above.
The following table shows a reconciliation of our Adjusted Operating Income by Segment to Income Before Taxes:
For the Years Ended April 30,
202420232022
Adjusted Operating Income by Segment$409,207 $385,270 $410,433 
Adjustments:   
Corporate expenses(1)
(185,456)(171,926)(192,584)
Legal settlement(2)
— (3,671)— 
Impairment of goodwill(3)
(108,449)(99,800)— 
Restructuring and related charges (credits)(3)
(63,041)(49,389)1,427 
Accelerated amortization of an intangible asset(4)
— (4,594)— 
Interest expense(49,003)(37,745)(19,802)
Foreign exchange transaction (losses) gains(2,959)894 (3,192)
(Losses) gains on sale of businesses and certain assets and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale(183,389)10,177 3,694 
Other (expense) income, net(3,957)3,884 9,685 
(Loss) Income Before Taxes$(187,047)$33,100 $209,661 
(1)
Corporate expenses includes certain costs that are not allocated to the reportable segments.
(2)
In the three months ended January 31, 2023, we settled a litigation matter related to consideration for a previous acquisition for $3.7 million which is included in Corporate Operating and administrative expenses.
(3)
See Note 7, “Restructuring and Related Charges (Credits)” and Note 11, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for these charges by segment.
(4)
As described above, this accelerated amortization relates to the mthree trademark.
Revenue for the years ended April 30 from external customers based on the location of the customer were as follows:
202420232022
United States$881,795 $995,918 $1,011,716 
United Kingdom165,457 150,601 164,205 
China120,213 150,939 140,323 
Japan84,846 89,084 94,040 
Canada76,509 83,039 80,640 
Other countries544,167 550,319 592,004 
Total$1,872,987 $2,019,900 $2,082,928 
Total long-lived assets, consisting of technology, property and equipment, net and operating lease ROU assets, by geographical area as of April 30 were as follows:
202420232022
United States$213,192 $275,229 $311,912 
United Kingdom27,584 34,748 38,365 
Other countries20,736 28,369 33,014 
Total$261,512 $338,346 $383,291 
Our CODM reviews our financial position at a consolidated level and does not review assets by segment to evaluate segment performance or allocate resources. As such, assets by segment are not disclosed.