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Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 9 Months Ended
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Jan. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill by segment as of January 31, 2024:
| April 30, 2023 (1)(2) |  | Impairment |  | Foreign Translation Adjustment |  | January 31, 2024
Research | $ | 609,729 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,436 |  |  | $ | 613,165 |
Learning | 486,025 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,516) |  |  | 483,509 |
Total excluding Held for Sale or Sold segment | 1,095,754 |  |  | — |  |  | 920 |  |  | 1,096,674 |
Held for Sale or Sold | 108,296 |  |  | (108,449) |  |  | 153 |  |  | — |
Total including Held for Sale or Sold segment | $ | 1,204,050 |  |  | $ | (108,449) |  |  | $ | 1,073 |  |  | $ | 1,096,674 |
(1) | The Held for Sale or Sold goodwill balance as of April 30, 2023 includes a cumulative pretax noncash goodwill impairment of $209.8 million.
(2) | In the three months ended July 31, 2023, we reorganized our segments and due to this realignment have reallocated goodwill.
Wiley Edge Interim Impairment Test As a result of signing the Purchase Agreement with Inspirit and the decrease in the fair value of the Business, in the three months ended January 31, 2024 we tested the goodwill of the Wiley Edge reporting unit for impairment. We estimated the fair value of the reporting unit based on the terms and conditions in the Purchase Agreement which reflected a selling price that included $10.0 million in cash, $18.3 million in the form of a loan, a fair value estimate for an earnout, and an estimate for a working capital adjustment. The maximum amount of the earnout is $33.9 million based on the gross profit generated by the Business relative to mutually agreed profit targets during each of the three fiscal years in the period beginning May 1, 2024 and ending April 30, 2027. We concluded that the carrying value of the Wiley Edge reporting unit was above its fair value which resulted in a pretax noncash goodwill impairment of approximately $81.7 million in the three and nine months ended January 31, 2024. Such impairment reduced the goodwill of the Wiley Edge reporting unit to zero. This charge is reflected in Impairment of goodwill in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Loss. The impairment was due to subsequent changes in the fair value resulting from the continued progression of the selling process and indications of changes in the consideration for the business, as well as changes in the carrying amounts of the disposal group. The fair value of the earnout was based on a Monte Carlo simulation. This method considers the terms and conditions in the Purchase Agreement, our best estimates of forecasted gross profit for the earnout periods and simulates a range of gross profits over the applicable periods based on an estimate of gross profit volatility. The fair value of the earnout was estimated as the present value of the potential range of payouts averaged across the range of simulated gross profits. The other key assumptions include a weighted average cost of capital for the reporting unit based on the risk associated with the business and its projections. In addition, a risk-adjusted discount rate for the simulated gross profit was determined by adjusting the weighted average cost of capital to reflect term risk and an implied operational leverage factor. The assumptions included in the operational leverage factor include estimates of asset volatility and gross profit volatility. The earnout amount is subject to change based on final results and calculations. Prior to performing the goodwill impairment test for Wiley Edge, we also evaluated the recoverability of long-lived assets of the reporting unit. The carrying value of the long-lived assets that were tested for impairment was approximately $141.5 million. When indicators of impairment are present, we test definite lived and long-lived assets for recoverability by comparing the carrying value of an asset group to an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. We considered the changes in the fair value of the consideration for the business due to the continued progression of the selling process to be an indicator of impairment for its long-lived assets. Based on the results of the recoverability test, we determined that the undiscounted cash flows of the asset group of the Wiley Edge reporting unit exceeded the carrying value. Therefore, there was no impairment. Change in Segment Reporting Structure and New Reporting Units In the three months ended July 31, 2023, we reorganized our segments. Our new segment reporting structure consists of three reportable segments which includes Research (no changes), Learning, and Held for Sale or Sold, as well as a Corporate expense category (no change), which includes certain costs that are not allocated to the reportable segments. See Note 10, “Segment Information,” for more details. The Learning reportable segment includes two reporting units, Academic and Professional. The Held for Sale or Sold reportable segment includes three reporting units, University Services, Wiley Edge and CrossKnowledge. No changes were made to the Research reportable segment. Due to this realignment, we have reallocated goodwill to our reporting units on a relative fair value basis. As a result of this realignment, we are required to test goodwill for impairment immediately before and after the realignment. Since there were no changes to the Research reportable segment, no impairment test of the Research segment goodwill was required. We estimated the fair value of the reporting units using a weighting of fair values derived from an income and a market approach. Under the income approach, we determined the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Cash flow projections are based on our best estimates of forecasted economic and market conditions over the period including growth rates, expected changes in operating cash flows and cash expenditures. The discount rate used is based on a weighted average cost of capital adjusted for the relevant risk associated with the characteristics of the business and the projected cash flows. The market approach estimates fair value based on market multiples of current and forward 12-month revenue or EBITDA, as applicable, derived from comparable publicly traded companies with similar operating and investment characteristics as the reporting unit. Goodwill Impairment Before Realignment Prior to the realignment, we concluded that the fair value of the Academic Publishing, Talent Development (which includes Wiley Edge) and Professional Learning reporting units were above their carrying values. Therefore, there was no indication of impairment. The carrying value of the University Services reporting unit was above its fair value which resulted in a pretax noncash goodwill impairment of $11.4 million. Such impairment reduced the goodwill of the University Services reporting unit to zero. This charge is reflected in Impairment of goodwill in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Loss. University Services was adversely impacted by market conditions and headwinds for online degree programs, which lead to a decline in projected enrollments from existing partners, pricing pressures and revenue share concessions, and a decline in new partner additions over both the short-term and long-term which adversely impacted forecasted revenue growth and operating cash flows. Prior to performing the goodwill impairment test for University Services, we also evaluated the recoverability of long-lived assets of the reporting unit. The carrying value of the long-lived assets that were tested for impairment was approximately $231.0 million. When indicators of impairment are present, we test definite lived and long-lived assets for recoverability by comparing the carrying value of an asset group to an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. We considered the lower-than-expected revenue and forecasted operating cash flows over a sustained period of time, and downward revisions to our cash flow forecasts for this reporting unit to be indicators of impairment for their long-lived assets. Based on the results of the recoverability test, we determined that the undiscounted cash flows of the asset group of the University Services reporting unit exceeded the carrying value. Therefore, there was no impairment. Goodwill Impairment After Realignment After the realignment, we concluded that the fair value of the Academic, Professional, and Wiley Edge reporting units were above their carrying values. Therefore, there was no indication of impairment. As noted above, the goodwill of the University Services reporting unit was zero and no further testing of goodwill for impairment was required. The carrying value of the CrossKnowledge reporting unit was above its fair value which resulted in a pretax noncash goodwill impairment of $15.3 million. This charge is reflected in Impairment of goodwill in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Loss. CrossKnowledge was adversely impacted by a decline in the demand for its offerings, which have resulted in lower sales and a decline in average contract value, that adversely impacted forecasted revenue growth and operating cash flows. Prior to performing the goodwill impairment test for CrossKnowledge, we also evaluated the recoverability of long-lived assets of the reporting unit. The carrying value of the long-lived assets that were tested for impairment was approximately $50.2 million. When indicators of impairment are present, we test definite lived and long-lived assets for recoverability by comparing the carrying value of an asset group to an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. We considered the lower-than-expected revenue and forecasted operating cash flows over a sustained period of time, and downward revisions to our cash flow forecasts for this reporting unit to be indicators of impairment for their long-lived assets. Based on the results of the recoverability test, we determined that the undiscounted cash flows of the asset group of the CrossKnowledge reporting unit exceeded the carrying value. Therefore, there was no impairment. Intangible Assets Intangible assets, net were as follows:
| January 31, 2024 |  | April 30, 2023 ⁽¹⁾
Intangible assets with definite lives, net: |  |  |
Content and publishing rights | $ | 439,291 |  |  | $ | 462,463 |
Customer relationships | 41,885 |  |  | 217,346 |
Developed technology | 21,233 |  |  | 45,500 |
Brands and trademarks | 5,960 |  |  | 7,281 |
Covenants not to compete | 41 |  |  | 300 |
Total intangible assets with definite lives, net | 508,410 |  |  | 732,890 |
Intangible assets with indefinite lives: |  |  |
Brands and trademarks | 37,000 |  |  | 37,000 |
Publishing rights | 83,476 |  |  | 84,904 |
Total intangible assets with indefinite lives | 120,476 |  |  | 121,904 |
Total intangible assets, net | $ | 628,886 |  |  | $ | 854,794 |
(1) | The developed technology balance as of April 30, 2023 is presented net of accumulated impairments and write-offs of $2.8 million. The indefinite-lived brands and trademarks balance as of April 30, 2023 is net of accumulated impairments of $93.1 million.

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