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Segment Information | 3 Months Ended
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Jul. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Segment Information | Segment Information We report our segment information in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting.” These segments reflect the way our chief operating decision maker (CODM) evaluates our business performance, manages the operations, makes operating decisions, and allocates resources. The performance metric used by our chief operating decision maker to evaluate performance of our reportable segments is Adjusted Operating Income. Our segment reporting structure consists of three operating and reportable segments, which are listed below, as well as a Corporate expense category, which includes certain costs that are not allocated to the reportable segments: •Research •Learning •Held for Sale or Sold Segment information is as follows:
| Three Months Ended July 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue: |  |  |
Research | $ | 265,309 |  |  | $ | 257,804 |
Learning | 124,314 |  |  | 109,320 |
Held for Sale or Sold | 14,186 |  |  | 83,889 |
Total revenue | $ | 403,809 |  |  | $ | 451,013 |
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss): |  |  |
Research | $ | 55,216 |  |  | $ | 53,527 |
Learning | 22,500 |  |  | 7,626 |
Held for Sale or Sold | (2,519) |  |  | 3,084 |
Total adjusted operating income by segment | $ | 75,197 |  |  | $ | 64,237 |
Depreciation and Amortization: |  |  |
Research | $ | 22,559 |  |  | $ | 23,212 |
Learning | 11,294 |  |  | 13,552 |
Held for Sale or Sold (1) | — |  |  | 3,437 |
Total depreciation and amortization | 33,853 |  |  | 40,201 |
Corporate depreciation and amortization | 3,400 |  |  | 3,527 |
Total depreciation and amortization | $ | 37,253 |  |  | $ | 43,728 |
(1) | We ceased to record depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets for these businesses as of the date the assets were classified as held-for-sale.
The following table shows a reconciliation of our Adjusted Operating Income by Segment to Income (Loss) Before Taxes:
| Three Months Ended July 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Adjusted Operating Income by Segment | $ | 75,197 |  |  | $ | 64,237 |
Adjustments: |  |  |
Corporate expenses(1) | (42,354) |  |  | (41,774) |
Impairment of goodwill(2) | — |  |  | (26,695) |
Restructuring and related charges(2) | (3,870) |  |  | (12,123) |
Interest expense | (12,787) |  |  | (11,334) |
Foreign exchange transaction gains (losses) | 234 |  |  | (1,620) |
Gains (losses) on sale of businesses and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale | 5,801 |  |  | (75,929) |
Other income (expense), net | 782 |  |  | (1,485) |
Income (Loss) Before Taxes | $ | 23,003 |  |  | $ | (106,723) |
(1) | Corporate expenses includes certain costs that are not allocated to the reportable segments.
(2) | See Note 9, “Restructuring and Related Charges” and Note 1 2, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for these charges by segment.
See Note 4, “Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,” for revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the three months ended July 31, 2024 and 2023.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 48 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards 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