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Segment Information
 3 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information Segment Information
We report our segment information in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting.” These segments reflect the way our chief operating decision maker (CODM) evaluates our business performance, manages the operations, makes operating decisions, and allocates resources. The performance metric used by our chief operating decision maker to evaluate performance of our reportable segments is Adjusted Operating Income. Our segment reporting structure consists of three operating and reportable segments, which are listed below, as well as a Corporate expense category, which includes certain costs that are not allocated to the reportable segments:
•Research
•Learning
•Held for Sale or Sold

Segment information is as follows:

Three Months Ended
July 31,
20242023
Revenue:
Research$265,309 $257,804 
Learning124,314 109,320 
Held for Sale or Sold
14,186 83,889 
Total revenue$403,809 $451,013 
  
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss):  
Research$55,216 $53,527 
Learning22,500 7,626 
Held for Sale or Sold
(2,519)3,084 
Total adjusted operating income by segment$75,197 $64,237 
Depreciation and Amortization:
Research$22,559 $23,212 
Learning11,294 13,552 
Held for Sale or Sold (1)
— 3,437 
Total depreciation and amortization33,853 40,201 
Corporate depreciation and amortization3,400 3,527 
Total depreciation and amortization$37,253 $43,728 
(1)
We ceased to record depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets for these businesses as of the date the assets were classified as held-for-sale.
The following table shows a reconciliation of our Adjusted Operating Income by Segment to Income (Loss) Before Taxes:
Three Months Ended
July 31,
20242023
Adjusted Operating Income by Segment$75,197 $64,237 
Adjustments:
Corporate expenses(1)
(42,354)(41,774)
Impairment of goodwill(2)
— (26,695)
Restructuring and related charges(2)
(3,870)(12,123)
Interest expense(12,787)(11,334)
Foreign exchange transaction gains (losses)234 (1,620)
Gains (losses) on sale of businesses and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale5,801 (75,929)
Other income (expense), net782 (1,485)
Income (Loss) Before Taxes$23,003 $(106,723)
(1)
Corporate expenses includes certain costs that are not allocated to the reportable segments.
(2)
See Note 9, “Restructuring and Related Charges” and Note 12, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for these charges by segment.
See Note 4, “Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,” for revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the three months ended July 31, 2024 and 2023.