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Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Business

For all periods presented in our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, all sales, costs, expenses, gains and income taxes attributable to Mode have been reported under the captions, “Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Income Taxes.”  Cash flows used in or provided by Mode have been reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows under operating and investing activities.  

Business: Hub Group, Inc. (“Hub”, “we”, “us” or “our”) provides intermodal transportation services utilizing primarily third party arrangements with railroads. Drayage can be provided by our subsidiary, Hub Group Trucking, Inc., or a third party company. We offer a dedicated fleet of equipment and drivers through Hub Group Dedicated. We also arrange for transportation of freight by truck and perform logistics services.

On August 31, 2018, Hub Group, Inc. entered into the Purchase Agreement with Mode Transportation, LLC (“Mode”), a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and Mode Purchaser, Inc., an affiliate of York Capital Management (“Purchaser”) pursuant to which the Company sold all of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Mode to Purchaser (the “Disposition”). Refer to Note 4 – Discontinued Operations for additional information regarding results from discontinued operations.

On December 3, 2018, a subsidiary of Hub Group, Inc. closed on the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) to acquire CaseStack, Inc. (“CaseStack”).  Refer to Note 5 – Acquisition for additional information regarding CaseStack.
Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and all entities in which we have more than a 50% equity ownership or otherwise exercise unilateral control. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents: We consider as cash equivalents all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, our cash and temporary investments were with high quality financial institutions in demand deposit accounts (“DDAs”), savings accounts and an interest bearing checking account.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts: In the normal course of business, we extend credit to customers after a review of each customer’s credit history. An allowance for uncollectible trade accounts has been established through an analysis of the accounts receivable aging, an assessment of collectability based on historical trends, including receivable adjustments charged through revenue for items such as disputes, and an evaluation based on current economic conditions. Specifically, we reserve a portion of every account balance that has aged over one year, a portion of receivables for customers in bankruptcy and certain account balances specifically identified as uncollectible. On an annual basis, we perform a hindsight analysis to determine experience in collecting account balances over one year old and account balances in bankruptcy. We then use this hindsight analysis to establish our reserves for receivables over one year and in bankruptcy. In establishing a reserve for certain account balances specifically identified as uncollectible, we consider the aging of the customer receivables, the specific details as to why the receivable has not been paid, the customer’s current and projected financial results, the customer’s ability to meet and sustain its financial commitments, the positive or negative effects of the current and projected industry outlook and the general economic conditions. The allowance for uncollectible accounts is reported on the balance sheet in net accounts receivable. Our reserve for uncollectible accounts was approximately $6.7 million and $6.0 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Receivables are written off once collection efforts have been exhausted. Recoveries of receivables previously charged off are recorded when received.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment: Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method at rates adequate to depreciate the cost of the applicable assets over their expected useful lives: building and improvements, up to 40 years; leasehold improvements, the shorter of useful life or lease term; computer equipment and software, up to 10 years; furniture and equipment, up to 10 years; and transportation equipment up to 15 years. Direct costs related to internally developed software projects are capitalized and amortized over their expected useful life on a straight-line basis not to exceed 10 years. Interest is capitalized on qualifying assets under development for internal use. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred and major improvements are capitalized. The cost of assets retired or otherwise disposed of and the accumulated depreciation thereon are removed from the accounts with any gain or loss realized upon sale or disposal charged or credited to operations. We review long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In the event that the undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the assets carrying amount over its fair value, less cost to dispose, is recorded.

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Goodwill and Other Intangibles: Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair market value of net assets acquired in connection with our business combinations. Goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment tests.

We test goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of this asset might exceed the current fair value. We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. Due to the Disposition, we only have one reporting unit.  We assess qualitative factors such as current company performance and overall economic factors to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of our reporting unit was less than its carrying value and whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. In the quantitative goodwill test, a company compares the carrying value of a reporting unit to its fair value.  If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the estimated fair value, a second step is performed, which compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value, to determine the amount of impairment. In 2018 and 2017, we performed the qualitative assessment and determined it was not, more-likely-than-not, that the fair value of our reporting unit was less than its carrying value.

We evaluate the potential impairment of finite-lived acquired intangible assets when impairment indicators exist. If the carrying value is no longer recoverable based upon the undiscounted future cash flows of the asset, the amount of the impairment is the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk: Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We place our cash and temporary investments with high quality financial institutions in DDAs, savings accounts and an interest bearing checking account. We primarily serve customers located throughout the United States with no significant concentration in any one region. No one customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue in 2018, 2017 or 2016. We review a customer’s credit history before extending credit. In addition, we routinely assess the financial strength of our customers and, as a consequence, believe that our trade accounts receivable risk is limited.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition: On January 1, 2018 we adopted the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers using the full retrospective method.  Under this new standard our significant accounting policy for revenue is as follows:

Revenue is recognized when we transfer services to our customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive.  We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. We generally recognize revenue over time because of continuous transfer of control to the customer.  Since control is transferred over time, revenue and related transportation costs are recognized based on relative transit time, which is based on the extent of progress towards completion of the related performance obligation.  We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of services, which are capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue.  Further, in most cases, we report our revenue on a gross basis because we are the primary obligor as we are responsible for providing the service desired by the customer. Our customers view us as responsible for fulfillment including the acceptability of the service. Service requirements may include, for example, on-time delivery, handling freight loss and damage claims, setting up appointments for pick-up and delivery and tracing shipments in transit. We have discretion in setting sales prices and as a result, the amount we earn varies. In addition, we have the discretion to select our vendors from multiple suppliers for the services ordered by our customers.  These factors, discretion in setting prices and discretion in selecting vendors, further support reporting revenue on a gross basis for most of our revenue.  
Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for Income Taxes: Deferred income taxes are recognized for the future tax effects of temporary differences between financial and income tax reporting using tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. We believe that it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will be realized based on future taxable income projections with two exceptions for which we have established valuation allowances.  We have established valuation allowances of forty-nine thousand dollars related to state tax net operating losses and $3.1 million related to state incentive tax credit carryforwards.  In the event the probability of realizing the remaining deferred tax assets do not meet the more likely than not threshold in the future, a valuation allowance would be established for the deferred tax assets deemed unrecoverable.

Tax liabilities are recorded when, in management’s judgment, a tax position does not meet the more likely than not threshold for recognition as prescribed by the guidance. For tax positions that meet the more likely than not threshold, a tax liability may be recorded depending on management’s assessment of how the tax position will ultimately be settled. We recognize interest expense and penalties related to income tax liabilities in our provision for income taxes.

Earnings Per Common Share

Earnings Per Common Share: Basic earnings per common share are based on the average quarterly weighted average number of Class A and Class B shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share are adjusted for the assumed exercise of dilutive stock options and for restricted stock which are both computed using the treasury stock method.

Stock Based Compensation

Stock Based Compensation: Share-based compensation includes the restricted stock awards expected to vest based on the grant date fair value. Compensation expense is amortized straight-line over the vesting period and is included in salaries and benefits. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification of related amounts within the statement of cash flows. We adopted ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of 2017 and the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.  
New Pronouncements

New Pronouncements: In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Clarifying the Definition of a Business. This ASU clarifies the definition of a business when evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. This standard was adopted on January 1, 2018 and did not have a material impact to our accounting for the acquisition of CaseStack.

In 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that requires credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, not based on incurred losses.  The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 is permitted. We plan to adopt this standard on January 1, 2020, as required.  We are evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance on our financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a lease obligation for all leases. We adopted the standard as of January 1, 2019, see Note 12 for the effect of the adoption.  The standard also provides an additional transition method to assist entities with the implementation.  Entities that elect this option would adopt the new standard using a modified retrospective transition method, but they would recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption rather than in the earliest period presented. We elected to apply a package of practical expedients and did not reassess at the date of initial adoption (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, or (3) initial direct costs for existing leases.  Lessees can also make an accounting policy election to not recognize an asset and liability for leases with a term of twelve months or less, which we elected.  See Note 12 for more information.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04 Intangibles – Goodwill and other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment. This ASU simplifies how all entities assess goodwill for impairment by eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. As amended, the goodwill impairment test will consist of one step comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value.  The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017.  We have evaluated the adopting of this new accounting guidance and do not believe it will have a material effect on our financial statements upon adoption.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing (Hosting) Arrangement That Is a Service Contract.  The amendment aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software.  The amendment is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years.   Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, for all entities and should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively.  We early adopted the amendment in the fourth quarter of 2018 and applied prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. In accordance with this ASU, capitalized implementation costs are classified as Other assets and related amortization of capitalized implementation costs are classified as general and administrative expense in the same line item as the expense for fees for the associated hosting arrangement.  In addition, the cash flows from capitalized implementation costs are classified as a change in other assets in the same manner as the cash flows for the fees for the associated hosting arrangement.

As a result of the early adoption of this ASU, capitalized implementation costs of $10.6 million incurred in our hosting arrangements for various corporate software services that were previously presented as part of property and equipment are included in Other assets in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018.

The corresponding cash flows from capitalized implementation costs incurred in our hosting arrangements of $7.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 is classified as a change in other assets in cash flows from operating activities.  The capitalized implementation costs incurred in our hosting arrangements are amortized, once ready for intended use, over the term of the associated hosting arrangement of 3 to 10 years, representing the fixed non-cancelable term of each of the hosting arrangements plus the periods covered by the options to extend that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise.
Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the allowance for doubtful accounts, exposure under our insurance policies and useful lives of assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.