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Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Business: Hub Group, Inc. (“Hub”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is a leading supply chain solutions provider that offers comprehensive transportation and logistics management services focused on reliability, visibility and value for our customers. Our service offerings include a full range of freight transportation and logistics services, some of which are provided using assets we own and operate, and some of which are provided by third parties with whom we contract. Our transportation services include intermodal, truckload, less-than-truckload, flatbed, temperature-controlled, dedicated and regional trucking. Our logistics services include full outsource logistics solutions, transportation management services, freight consolidation, warehousing and fulfillment, final mile delivery, parcel and international services. On December 20, 2023, we acquired Forward Air Final Mile (“FAFM”). On August 22, 2022, we acquired TAGG Logistics, LLC (“TAGG”). On October 19, 2021, we acquired Choptank Transport, LLC (“Choptank”). Refer to Note 4 “Acquisitions” for additional information. Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and all entities in which we have more than a 50% equity ownership or otherwise exercise unilateral control. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Cash and Cash Equivalents: We consider as cash equivalents all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, our cash and temporary investments were with high quality financial institutions in demand deposit accounts (“DDAs”), savings accounts, checking accounts and money market accounts. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts: The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the trade receivables’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the receivables. Trade receivables are charged off against the allowance when we believe the uncollectibility of a receivable balance is confirmed, and the expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Management continuously reviews and assesses the environment and its potential impact on the credit worthiness and collectability of our accounts receivable with customers most affected by tighter financial conditions. Our allowance for credit losses is presented in the allowance for uncollectible trade accounts and is immaterial at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The allowance for uncollectible trade accounts also includes estimated adjustments to revenue for items such as billing disputes. Our reserve for uncollectible accounts was approximately $34.7 million and $38.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Receivables are written off once collection efforts have been exhausted. Recoveries of receivables previously charged off are recorded when received. Property and Equipment: Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method at rates adequate to depreciate the cost of the applicable assets over their expected useful lives: building and improvements, up to 40 years; leasehold improvements, the shorter of useful life or lease term; computer equipment and software, up to 10 years; furniture and equipment, up to 10 years; and transportation equipment up to 16 years. Direct costs related to internally developed software projects are capitalized and amortized over their expected useful life on a straight-line basis not to exceed 10 years. Interest is capitalized on qualifying assets under development for internal use. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred and major improvements are capitalized. The cost of assets retired or otherwise disposed of and the accumulated depreciation thereon are removed from the accounts with any gain or loss realized upon sale or disposal charged or credited to operations. We review long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In the event that the undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the assets carrying amount over its fair value, less cost to dispose, is recorded. Capitalized Internal Use Software and Cloud Computing Costs: We capitalize internal and external costs, which include costs related to the development of our cloud computing or hosting arrangements, incurred to develop internal use software per ASC Subtopic 350-40. Internal use software has both of the following characteristics: the software is acquired, internally developed, or modified solely to meet our needs and during the development or modification, no substantive plan exists or is being developed to market the software externally. Only costs incurred during the application development stage and costs to develop or obtain software that allows for access to or conversion of old data by new systems are capitalized. Capitalization of costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete, management has committed to funding the project and it is probable the project will be completed, and the software will be used to perform its intended function. The measurement of the costs to capitalize include fees paid to third parties, costs incurred to obtain software from third parties, travel expenses incurred by employees in their duties associated with developing software, payroll related costs for employees who spend time directly on the project and interest costs incurred while developing internal-use software or implementing a hosting arrangement. Capitalization ceases no later than when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, after all substantial testing is complete. Goodwill and Other Intangibles: Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair market value of net assets acquired in connection with our business combinations. Goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment tests. We test goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of this asset might exceed the current fair value. We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. Beginning with the first quarter of 2023, we concluded that we had two reportable segments and two reporting units: Intermodal and Transportation Solutions (“ITS”) and Logistics which are based primarily on the services each segment provides. We assess qualitative factors such as current company performance and overall economic factors to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of our reporting units is less than their carrying value and whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. In the quantitative goodwill test, a company compares the carrying value of its reporting units to their fair value. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, then a goodwill impairment charge will be recognized in the amount by which carrying amount exceeds fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. We performed our annual assessment in the fourth quarter of 2023 and 2022 as required and determined it was not more-likely-than-not that the fair value of our reporting units was less than its carrying value. We evaluate the potential impairment of finite-lived acquired intangible assets when impairment indicators exist. If the carrying value is no longer recoverable based upon the undiscounted future cash flows of the asset, the amount of the impairment is the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset. Claims Accruals: We purchase insurance coverage for a portion of expenses related to employee injuries, vehicular collisions, accidents, and cargo damage. Certain insurance arrangements include high self-insurance retention limits or deductibles applicable to each claim. We have umbrella policies to limit our exposure to large claim costs. Our claims accrual policy for all self-insured claims is to recognize a liability at the time of the incident based on our analysis of the nature and severity of the claims and analyses provided by third-party claims administrators, as well as legal and regulatory factors. Our safety and claims personnel work directly with representatives from the insurance companies to continually update the estimated cost of each claim. The ultimate cost of a claim develops over time as additional information regarding the nature, timing, and extent of damages claimed becomes available. Accordingly, we use an actuarial method to develop current claim information to derive an estimate of our ultimate claim liability. This process involves the use of loss-development factors based on our historical claims experience. In doing so, the recorded liability factors in future growth of claims and an allowance for incurred-but-not-reported claims. We do not discount our estimated losses. In addition, we record receivables for amounts expected to be reimbursed for payments made in excess of self-insurance levels on covered claims related to auto liability and workers’ compensation. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had an accrual of approximately $39.1 million and $38.8 million, respectively for estimated claims. We had no significant receivables recorded for payments in excess of our self-insu red levels. Our claims accruals are classified in accrued other and non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, based on when the claim is estimated to be paid. Concentration of Credit Risk: Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We place our cash and temporary investments with high quality financial institutions in DDAs, savings accounts, checking accounts and money market accounts. We primarily serve customers located throughout the United States with no significant concentration in any one region. In each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, one customer accounted for more than 10% of our annual revenue in both segments. We review a custo mer’s credit history before extending credit. In addition, we routinely assess the financial strength of our customers and, as a consequence, believe that our trade accounts receivable risk is limited. The following table includes the one customer that represented 10% or more of our annual revenue by segment during the last three fiscal years:
| Years Ended
Customer A | December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
ITS | 13% |  | 14% |  | 14%
Logistics | 11% |  | 12% |  | 15%
Total operating revenue | 13% |  | 13% |  | 15%
Revenue Recognition: In accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” our significant accounting policy for revenue is as follows: Revenue is recognized when we transfer services to our customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive. We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. We generally recognize revenue over time because of continuous transfer of control to the customer. Since control is transferred over time, revenue and related transportation costs are recognized based on relative transit time, which is based on the extent of progress towards completion of the related performance obligation. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of services, which are capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue. Further, in most cases, we report our revenue on a gross basis because we are the primary obligor as we are responsible for providing the service desired by the customer. Our customers view us as responsible for fulfillment including the acceptability of the service. Service requirements may include, for example, on-time delivery, handling freight loss and damage claims, setting up appointments for pick-up and delivery and tracing shipments in transit. We have discretion in setting prices to our customers and as a result, the amount we earn varies. In addition, we have the discretion to select our vendors from multiple suppliers for the services ordered by our customers. These factors, discretion in setting prices and discretion in selecting vendors, further support reporting revenue on a gross basis for most of our revenue. Provision for Income Taxes: Significant judgment is required in determining and assessing the impact of complex tax laws and certain tax-related contingencies on our provision for income taxes. As part of our calculation of the provision for income taxes, we assess whether the benefits of our tax positions are at least more likely than not to be sustained upon audit based on the technical merits of the tax position. For tax positions that are not more likely than not to be sustained upon audit, we accrue the largest amount of the benefit that is not more likely than not to be sustained in our financial statements. Such accruals require us to make estimates and judgments, whereby actual results could vary materially from these estimates. Further, years may elapse before a particular matter for which we have established an accrual is audited and resolved or its statute of limitations expires. We recognize interest expense and penalties related to income tax liabilities in our provision for income taxes. Deferred income taxes are recognized for the future tax effects of temporary differences between financial statement and income tax reporting using tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. We believe that it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will be realized based on future taxable income projections, with one exception. We have established a valuation allowance of $1.2 mill ion related to federal and state tax credit carryforwards. In the event the probability of realizing the remaining deferred tax assets does not meet the more likely than not threshold in the future, a valuation allowance would be established for the deferred tax assets deemed unrecoverable. Earnings Per Common Share: Basic earnings per common share are based on the average quarterly weighted average number of Class A and Class B shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share are adjusted for restricted stock using the treasury stock method. Stock Based Compensation: Share-based compensation includes the restricted stock awards expected to vest based on the grant date fair value. Compensation expense is amortized straight-line over the vesting period and is included in salaries and benefits. New Pronouncements: In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 enhanced annual disclosures regarding the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. For public business entities, ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We are assessing the impact of this guidance on our disclosures; it will not have an impact on our results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition. In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires retrospective disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis. Additionally, it requires disclosure of the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). This ASU will be effective for the Company’s fiscal December 31, 2024 year-end and interim periods beginning in fiscal 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are assessing the impact of this guidance on our disclosures; it will not have an impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the allowance for uncollectible trade accounts, exposure for self-insured claims under our insurance policies, valuation of acquired goodwill and intangible assets and useful lives of assets. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Reclassifications: Due to presentation changes made in our consolidated statements of income, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. On January 4, 2024, the Company announced a two-for-one stock split of the Company’s Class A and Class B common stock. The stock split was implemented in the form of a distribution of one additional Class A share for each share outstanding. The record date for the stock split was as of the close of business on January 16, 2024. The Company distribution date of the additional shares was January 26, 2024. As a result of the stock split, the number of authorized shares remained unchanged. Additionally, the par value per share of the common stock remains unchanged. All other sh are amounts in our consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, consolidated statements of stockholders' equity and related footnote disclosures have been adjusted and presented as though the stock split had occurred on January 1, 2021.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure, and significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 235 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//235/tableOfContent Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 275 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//275/tableOfContent Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 810 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//810/tableOfContent Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 205 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//205/tableOfContent + Details
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