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INCOME TAXES
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 28, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES
The following table reflects the U.S. and foreign income (loss) before income taxes for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Fiscal
(in thousands)202420232022
United States $(8,522)$(5,635)$(11,415)
Foreign(49,833)77,836 488,403 
Income before income taxes$(58,355)$72,201 $476,988 
The following table reflects the current and deferred components of provision for (benefit from) income taxes for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Fiscal
(in thousands)202420232022
Current:
   Federal$(1,881)$10,412 $14,975 
   State232 (128)246 
   Foreign2,616 8,830 37,448 
Deferred:
   Federal101 1,304 (5,809)
   State— — — 
   Foreign9,583 (5,365)(3,417)
Provision for income taxes$10,651 $15,053 $43,443 

The following table reconciles the provision for (benefit from) income taxes with the expected income tax provision computed based on the applicable U.S. federal statutory tax rate for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Fiscal
(dollar amounts in thousands)202420232022
Expected income tax provision based on the U.S. federal statutory tax rate$(12,255)$15,162 $100,212 
Effect of earnings of foreign subsidiaries subject to different tax rates(3,619)(8,448)(17,936)
Benefit from tax incentives980 (11,198)(50,113)
Benefit from research and development tax credits(4,132)(4,038)(2,995)
Benefit from foreign tax credits(1,505)(7,834)(26,021)
Valuation allowance18,543 3,127 (5,830)
Foreign operations (Deemed income, taxes on undistributed foreign earnings, and withholding taxes)7,268 24,450 45,421 
Non-deductible items(1)
3,622 1,900 267 
Goodwill impairment— 2,517 — 
Other, net(1)
1,749 (585)438 
Provision for income taxes$10,651 $15,053 $43,443 
Effective tax rate(18.3)%20.8 %9.1 %
(1) Certain balances in fiscals 2023 and 2022 have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications have no impact to the consolidated financial statements in the respective fiscal periods.
The Company recorded a tax benefit from the U.S. Tax Court opinion in Varian Medical Systems, Inc. v. Commissioner relating to the U.S. TCJA one-time transition tax of $6.5 million in fiscal 2024.
As of September 28, 2024, a large portion of the Company’s undistributed foreign earnings are not considered to be indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. and are expected to be available for use in the U.S. without incurring additional U.S. income tax. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liabilities related to the indefinitely reinvested undistributed foreign earnings is not practicable.
Further, we operate in a number of foreign jurisdictions, including Singapore, where we have a tax incentive that allows for a reduced tax rate on certain classes of income, provided the Company meets certain employment and investment conditions through the expiration date in fiscal 2025. In fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, the tax incentive arrangement helped to reduce the Company’s provision for income taxes by $(1.0) million or $(0.02) per share, $11.2 million or $0.19 per share and $50.1 million or $0.82 per share, respectively.
The following table reflects the deferred tax balances based on the tax effects of cumulative temporary differences for fiscal 2024 and 2023:
Fiscal
(in thousands)20242023
Accruals and reserves$20,149 $13,118 
Capitalized Research
7,903 12,529 
Tax credit carryforwards5,537 5,026 
Net operating loss carryforwards43,195 26,607 
Gross deferred tax assets$76,784 $57,280 
Valuation allowance$(45,462)$(21,483)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance$31,322 $35,797 
Fixed and intangible assets
$(20,055)$(16,357)
Taxes on undistributed foreign earnings(27,961)(25,153)
Deferred tax liabilities$(48,016)$(41,510)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(16,694)$(5,713)
Reported as
Deferred tax assets$17,900 $31,551 
Deferred tax liabilities(34,594)(37,264)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(16,694)$(5,713)
As of September 28, 2024, the Company has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $153.9 million, state net operating loss carryforwards of $40.2 million, and U.S. federal and state tax credit carryforwards of $8.6 million that can be used to offset future income tax obligations. These net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards can be utilized prior to their expiration dates in fiscal years 2025 through 2043, except for certain credits and foreign net operating losses that can be carried forward indefinitely. The Company has recorded valuation allowances against certain foreign and state net operating loss carryforwards and state tax credits which are expected to expire unutilized.
The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefit, excluding related accrued interest and penalties, for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Fiscal
(in thousands)202420232022
Unrecognized tax benefit, beginning of year$16,619 $16,623 $14,922 
Additions for tax positions, current year1,931 1,493 2,288 
Reductions for tax positions, prior year(847)(1,497)(587)
Unrecognized tax benefit, end of year$17,703 $16,619 $16,623 
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to potential income tax liabilities as a component of unrecognized tax benefit and in provision for income taxes. The amount of interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefit recorded in fiscal 2024 provision for income taxes is not material. As of September 28, 2024, the Company has recognized $3.7 million of accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefit within the income tax payable for uncertain tax positions and approximately $19.7 million of unrecognized tax benefit, including related interest and penalties, that if recognized, would impact the Company’s effective tax rate.
It is reasonably possible that the amount of the unrecognized tax benefit with respect to certain uncertain tax positions will increase or decrease during the next 12 months due to the expected lapse of statutes of limitation and/or settlements of tax examinations. Given the number of years and numerous matters that remain subject to examination in various tax jurisdictions, we cannot practicably estimate the financial outcomes of these examinations.
The Company files a U.S. federal income tax return, as well as income tax returns in various state and foreign jurisdictions. For U.S. federal income tax returns purposes, tax years from fiscal 2020 remain subject to examination. For most state tax returns, tax years following fiscal 2005 remain subject to examination as a result of the generation of net operating loss carryforwards. In the foreign jurisdictions where the Company files income tax returns, the statutes of limitations with respect to these jurisdictions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and range from 4 to 6 years. The Company’s tax returns are currently under examination by tax authorities in multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company believes that adequate provisions have been made for any adjustments that may result from the examination.