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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Income before Income Tax
For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the loss before income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Domestic
$
(19,925
)
 
$
(4,153
)
 
$
(16,271
)
Foreign
33

 
8

 
37

Total loss before income taxes
$
(19,892
)
 
$
(4,145
)
 
$
(16,234
)
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense
For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the components of the income tax benefit (provision) were as follows (in thousands):
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$

 
$

 
$

State
(11
)
 
1

 
2

Foreign
(4
)
 
21

 
(1
)
Total current
$
(15
)
 
$
22

 
$
1

Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$

 
$

 
$

State

 

 

Foreign

 

 

Total deferred
$

 
$

 
$

Total income tax benefit (provision)
$
(15
)
 
$
22

 
$
1

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
The reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Tax at federal statutory rate
21.00
 %
 
34.00
 %
 
34.00
 %
State tax, net of federal benefit
1.88

 
1.03

 
0.15

Stock-based compensation
(5.84
)
 
(38.63
)
 
(8.19
)
Warrant expense
(6.98
)
 
(1.00
)
 
(0.03
)
Other items
(1.46
)
 
(1.10
)
 
(0.66
)
Research and development credits
10.54

 
102.35

 

Net operating loss expiration

 
(9.29
)
 

Change in valuation allowance
(19.21
)
 
458.55

 
(25.26
)
Rate differential impact of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017

 
(545.38
)
 

Effective tax rate
(0.07)
 %
 
0.53
 %
 
0.01
 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
 
2018
 
2017
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Net operating loss carryforwards
$
38,895

 
$
39,236

Stock-based compensation
3,096

 
2,427

Depreciation and amortization

 
245

Non-deductible accrued expenses and reserves
2,916

 
683

Research and development credits
6,724

 
4,629

Gross deferred tax assets
51,631

 
47,220

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Acquired intangible assets
(1,298
)
 
(1,856
)
Depreciation and amortization
(894
)
 

Net deferred tax assets prior to valuation allowance
49,439

 
45,364

Valuation allowance
(49,439
)
 
(45,364
)
Net deferred tax assets
$

 
$

Summary of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the activity related to the unrecognized tax benefits were as follows (in thousands):
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Gross unrecognized tax benefits—beginning balance
$
10,200

 
$
17,370

 
$
14,130

Increase related to tax positions taken during prior year
108

 

 

Decrease related to tax positions taken during prior year
(2
)
 
(7,739
)
 

Increase related to tax positions taken during current year
667

 
569

 
3,240

Gross unrecognized tax benefits—ending balance
$
10,973

 
$
10,200

 
$
17,370