Qualitative and quantitative information on financial risks

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [abstract]

Qualitative and quantitative information on financial risks

35. Qualitative and quantitative information on financial risks

The Group is exposed to several financial risks connected with its operations:

•financial market risk, primarily related to foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices;

•liquidity risk relating to the availability of funds and access to credit, if required, and to financial instruments in general, and

•credit risk relating to counterparties failing to repay amounts owed or meet contractual obligations.

These risks could significantly affect the Group’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows, and for this reason the Group identifies and monitors these risks, in order to detect potential negative effects in advance and take the necessary action to mitigate them, primarily through the Group’s operating and financing activities and if required, through the use of derivative financial instruments.

A summary of qualitative and quantitative factors relating to these risks is provided below. The quantitative data reported in the following section does not have any predictive value. In particular, the sensitivity analysis on finance market risks does not reflect the complexity of the market or the reaction which may result from any changes that are assumed to take place.

Foreign currency risk

The Group operates in numerous markets worldwide and is exposed to market risks stemming from fluctuations in currency exchange rates. The exposure to currency risk is mainly linked to the differences in geographic distribution of the Group’s sourcing and manufacturing activities from those in its commercial activities, as a result of which its cash flows from sales are denominated in currencies different from those related to purchases or production activities. In particular, the Group incurs a large portion of its capital and operating expenses in Euro (which is the Group’s functional and presentation currency) while it receives the majority of its revenues in currencies other than Euro (mainly in Chinese Renminbi, U.S. Dollars, Japanese Yen, United Arab Emirates Dirham and British Pound). Risk management is mainly centralized at the Group’s distribution companies. Goods transferred for consideration to associates are settled directly in the currency of the country where they operate and sell (with the exception of countries where local currency cannot be delivered outside the country). This creates the risk that the corresponding value in Euro of revenues at the moment of collection is insufficient to cover production costs or to achieve the desired profit margin. This risk is heightened during the period between the moment when the sale prices of a collection are set and the moment when revenues are converted into Euro, which may extend up to 18 months. For the Zegna and the Tom Ford Fashion segments, the Group manages risks associated with fluctuations in currency through financial hedging instruments, mainly forward contracts for the net sale of foreign currencies, in order to establish the conversion rate in advance, or a predefined range of conversion rates at future dates. In recent years, the Group has also implemented similar hedging policies in the Thom Browne segment and since July 2025 it is fully aligned to the other segments. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Group covered its exchange rate risk primarily with currency forward exchange contracts. To this end, before the preparation of the price list and based on market expectations and conditions, the Group arranges hedges that cannot exceed 50% - 60% of forecast sales in foreign currencies. In the period following the preparation of the price list, the total outstanding hedge is adjusted on the basis of market conditions and of the orders effectively managed and entered into production.

In addition, the Group controls and hedges exposure deriving from changes due to exchange rate changes in the value of assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the accounting currency of the individual company (typically intercompany financial receivables/payables), which may affect the Group’s net results, through financial instruments, whose recognition in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards follows the rules of fair value hedges: the profit or loss arising from subsequent remeasurements of the fair value of the hedging instrument and the hedged item are recorded within profit and loss. The hedges of the Group’s future transactions in foreign currencies (which can be classified as cash flow hedges pursuant to IFRS Accounting Standards) are accounted for in accordance with hedge accounting rules.

The Group has estimated the potential effects of a shock change of +/-5% on the main currencies to which the Group is exposed at each reporting date, by using internal assessment models based on generally accepted principles.

The following table presents the potential effects on profit before tax of a hypothetical change of +/- 500 bps in year-end exchange-rates, applied to the Group’s net balances of receivables and payables in foreign currencies.


	At December 31, 2025			At December 31, 2024
(€ thousands, except basis points)	Receivables and payables	+500 bps	-500 bps	Receivables and payables	+500 bps	-500 bps
Currency		Impact on profit before tax			Impact on profit before tax
USD	(14,965)	713	(788)	121,093	(5,766)	6,373
CAD	12,614	(601)	664	—	—	—
JPY	22,279	(1,061)	1,172	16,506	(786)	869
CNY	77,766	(3,703)	4,093	113,604	(5,410)	5,979
HKD	24,115	(1,148)	1,269	29,115	(1,386)	1,532
GBP	10,802	(514)	569	7,516	(358)	396
SGD	16,846	(802)	887	14,279	(680)	752
CHF	(16,975)	808	(893)	(15,994)	762	(842)
KRW	45,800	(2,181)	2,410	40,492	(1,928)	2,131
Total	178,282	(8,489)	9,383	326,611	(15,552)	17,190

The following table presents the potential impact on profit before tax of a hypothetical change of +/- 500 bps in year-end exchange-rates, applied to the Group’s hedged positions on the main currencies to which the Group is exposed.


	At December 31, 2025			At December 31, 2024
(€ thousands, except basis points)	Notional amount	+500 bps	-500 bps	Notional amount	+500 bps	-500 bps
Currency		Impact on profit before tax			Impact on profit before tax
USD	(66,449)	(3,164)	3,497	99,801	4,752	(5,253)
CAD	7,195	343	380	—	—	—
JPY	27,275	1,299	(1,436)	16,428	782	(865)
CNY	88,046	4,193	(4,634)	98,343	4,683	(5,176)
HKD	12,247	583	(645)	18,493	881	(973)
GBP	3,513	167	(185)	10,223	487	(538)
SGD	17,629	839	(928)	14,888	709	(784)
KRW	24,692	1,176	(1,299)	19,189	914	(1,010)
Total	114,148	5,436	(5,250)	277,365	13,208	(14,599)

The following table presents the potential change in equity gross of tax of a hypothetical change of +/- 500 bps in year-end exchange-rates, applied to the Group’s foreign currency hedging instruments on highly probable transactions.


	At December 31, 2025			At December 31, 2024
(€ thousands, except basis points)	Notional amount	+500 bps	-500 bps	Notional amount	+500 bps	-500 bps
Currency		Impact on hedge reserve			Impact on hedge reserve
USD	43,124	2,054	(2,270)	139,582	6,647	(7,346)
CAD	8,624	411	(454)	—	—	—
JPY	10,332	491	(544)	20,469	975	(1,077)
CNY	172,390	8,209	(9,073)	160,344	7,635	(8,439)
HKD	10,078	480	(530)	17,697	843	(931)
GBP	12,512	596	(659)	27,941	1,331	(1,471)
SGD	4,845	231	(255)	8,114	386	(427)
KRW	—	—	—	3,150	150	(166)
Total	261,905	12,472	(13,785)	377,297	17,967	(19,857)

The following table presents the potential impact on profit before tax of a hypothetical change of +/- 500 bps in the EUR/USD year-end exchange-rate, applied to the Thom Browne put option in U.S. Dollars on non-controlling interests (recorded within other non-current financial liabilities).


	At December 31, 2025			At December 31, 2024
(€ thousands, except basis points)	Notional amount	+500 bps	-500 bps	Notional amount	+500 bps	-500 bps
Currency		Impact on profit before tax			Impact on profit before tax
USD	(90,295)	4,300	(4,752)	(127,072)	6,051	(6,688)
Total	(90,295)	4,300	(4,752)	(127,072)	6,051	(6,688)

Interest rate risk

Overall exposure to interest rate risk is monitored at the Group level through coordinated management of debt and available liquidity and of the relevant due dates. The Group’s principal sources of exposure to interest rate risk derive from loans and revolving credit lines at variable rates. At December 31, 2025, the notional value of interest rate swap derivatives to hedge the risk of a potential increase in the cost of servicing of financial debt due to fluctuations in market rates was €81,295 thousand (€82,631 thousand at December 31, 2024) with a negative fair value of €199 thousand (negative fair value of €324 thousand at December 31, 2024). The short-term portion of bank debt, used mainly to finance working capital needs, is not covered by interest rate hedges. The cost of bank debt is equal to Euribor for the period plus a spread that depends on the type of credit facility used.

For the year ended December 31, 2025 a hypothetical 20% increase in short-term interest rates on such floating rate non-current financial liabilities, with all other variables held constant, would have resulted in financial expenses, on an annual basis, of approximately €5,200 thousand (€10,092 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024). For the year ended December 31, 2025 a hypothetical 20% decrease in short-term interest rates on such floating rate non-current financial liabilities, with all other variables held constant, would have resulted in financial expenses, on an annual basis, of approximately €3,920 thousand (€7,288 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024).

The following table presents the sensitivity on floating rate borrowings not covered by interest rate swaps.


At December 31, 2025
Amount	Total interest rate (*)	Interest expense	-20%	Impact on profit before tax	+20%	Impact on profit before tax
(€ thousands, except percentages)
50,000	3.000%	1,500	2.580%	1,290	3.420%	1,710
18,824	2.890%	544	2.476%	466	3.304%	622
13,426	2.990%	401	2.547%	342	3.427%	460
40,000	3.080%	1,230	2.649%	1,060	3.503%	1,401
10,000	2.960%	296	2.558%	256	3.364%	336
10,000	2.880%	288	2.472%	247	3.284%	328
10,000	2.940%	294	2.529%	253	3.343%	334
163	4.130%	7	3.703%	6	4.549%	7
152,413		4,560		3,920		5,200

______________________

*The overall rate indicated is compounded of the fixed spread plus the variable rate (+-20% is on the variable rate).


At December 31, 2024
Amount	Total interest rate (*)	Interest expense	-20%	Impact on profit before tax	+20%	Impact on profit before tax
(€ thousands, except percentages)
50,000	3.854%	1,927	3.263%	1,632	4.445%	2,223
1,452	3.822%	55	3.245%	47	4.399%	64
20,000	3.732%	746	3.150%	630	4.314%	863
20,000	3.460%	692	2.922%	584	3.998%	800
40,000	3.612%	1,445	3.085%	1,234	4.139%	1,656
10,000	4.271%	427	3.606%	361	4.936%	494
10,000	4.222%	422	3.548%	355	4.896%	490
370	4.433%	16	3.891%	14	4.975%	18
15,000	2.840%	426	2.272%	341	3.408%	511
35,000	2.840%	994	2.272%	795	3.408%	1,193
40,000	3.846%	1,538	3.237%	1,295	4.455%	1,782
241,822		8,690		7,288		10,092

______________________

*The overall rate indicated is compounded of the fixed spread plus the variable rate (+-20% is on the variable rate).

The following table presents the sensitivity of a hypothetical change of +/- 100 bps in year-end cost of debt rate for written put option on non-controlling interests:


	At December 31, 2025			At December 31, 2024
(€ thousands, except basis points)	Notional amount	+100 bps	-100 bps	Notional amount	+100 bps	-100 bps
		Impact on profit before tax			Impact on profit before tax
Thom Browne	(90,295)	3,471	(3,654)	(127,072)	6,043	(6,419)
Dondi	(15,337)	860	(930)	(19,266)	1,261	(1,375)
Total	(105,632)	4,331	(4,584)	(146,338)	7,304	(7,794)

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk represents the risk that the Group cannot meet its financial obligations due to problems in obtaining funds at current market price conditions (funding liquidity risk) or in liquidating assets on the market to find the necessary financial resources (asset liquidity risk), which could negatively impact the Group’s results if the Group is forced to incur additional costs to obtain liquidity or meet its commitments.

The following tables summarize the Group’s financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on their contractual maturities:


	Contractual cash flows at December 31, 2025
(€ thousands)	Within 1 year	Between 1 and 2 years	Between 2 and 3 years	Beyond 3 years	Total contractual cash flows	Carrying amount at December 31, 2025
Derivative financial instruments	4,315	261	—	—	4,576	4,576
Trade payables and customer advances	326,245	—	—	—	326,245	326,245
Borrowings	89,717	102,005	60,305	4,769	256,796	246,189
Lease liabilities	166,666	143,825	122,889	402,856	836,236	731,589
Other current and non-current financial liabilities	—	—	—	105,632	105,632	105,632
Total	586,943	246,091	183,194	513,257	1,529,485	1,414,231


	Contractual cash flows at December 31, 2024
(€ thousands)	Within 1 year	Between 1 and 2 years	Between 2 and 3 years	Beyond 3 years	Total contractual cash flows	Carrying amount at December 31, 2024
Derivative financial instruments	14,699	—	439	—	15,138	15,138
Trade payables and customer advances	309,771	—	—	—	309,771	309,771
Borrowings	186,029	88,347	101,273	13,824	389,473	373,567
Lease liabilities	165,596	132,995	114,623	336,032	749,246	661,685
Other current and non-current financial liabilities	—	—	—	146,447	146,447	146,448
Total	676,095	221,342	216,335	496,303	1,610,075	1,506,609

The factors which mainly influence the Group’s liquidity are the resources generated or absorbed by current operating and investing activities, the possible distribution of dividends, the maturity or refinancing of debt and the management of surplus cash. Liquidity needs or surpluses are monitored on a daily basis by the Parent Company in order to guarantee effective sourcing of financial resources or adequate investment of excess liquidity.

The negotiation and management of credit lines is coordinated by the Parent Company with the aim of satisfying the short and medium-term financing needs of the individual companies within the Group according to efficiency and cost-effectiveness criteria. It has always been the Group’s policy to sign and constantly maintain with various and diversified banks a total amount of committed credit lines that is considered consistent with the needs of the individual companies and suitable to ensure at any time the liquidity needed to satisfy and comply with all the Group’s financial commitments, at the established economic conditions, as well as guaranteeing the availability of an adequate level of operational flexibility for any expansion programs.

Credit risk

Credit risk is defined as the risk of financial loss caused by the failure of a counterparty to repay amounts owed or meet its contractual obligations. The maximum risk to which an entity is exposed is represented by all the financial assets recognized in the financial statements. Management considers its credit risk to relate primarily to trade receivables generated from the wholesale channel and mitigates the related effects through specific commercial and financial strategies.

With regards to trade receivables, credit risk management is carried out by monitoring the reliability and solvency of customers, as well as through insurance agreements. The following table provides the aging of trade receivables:


(€ thousands)	Not yet due	0-120 days overdue	121-180 days overdue	>180 days overdue	Total
Trade receivables, gross	186,695	36,249	9,666	17,529	250,139
Loss allowance	(3,777)	(8,827)	(2,050)	(8,398)	(23,052)
Total trade receivables at December 31, 2025	182,918	27,422	7,616	9,131	227,087
Trade receivables, gross	180,176	60,283	6,231	16,690	263,380
Loss allowance	31	(1,503)	(771)	(12,347)	(14,590)
Total trade receivables at December 31, 2024	180,207	58,780	5,460	4,343	248,790