
	At December 31,
	2024		2023
(in millions of U.S. dollar)	Current	Non current	Current	Non current
Close down and environmental remediation costs	13	79	11	84
Restructuring costs	3	1	—	—
Legal claims and other costs	9	11	10	14
Total provisions	25	91	21	98

The Group records provisions for the estimated present value of the costs of its environmental clean-up obligations and

close down and restoration efforts based on the net present value of estimated future costs of the dismantling and demolition of

infrastructure and the removal of residual material of disturbed areas.

These provisions are expected to be settled over the next 40 years depending on the nature of the disturbance and the


	At December 31,
(in millions of U.S. dollar)	2024	2023
Litigation	11	15
Disease claims (A)	9	9
Total provisions for legal claims and other costs	20	24

(A)Since the early 1990s, certain activities of the Group’s businesses have been subject to claims and lawsuits in France relating to

occupational diseases resulting from alleged asbestos exposure, such as mesothelioma and asbestosis. It is not uncommon for the

investigation and resolution of such claims to go on over many years as the latency period for developing such diseases is typically

between 25 and 40 years. For any such claim, it is up to the social security authorities in each jurisdiction to determine if a claim

qualifies as an occupational illness claim. If so determined, the Group must settle the case or defend its position in court. At December

31, 2024, six cases in which gross negligence is alleged (“faute inexcusable”) are outstanding (seven at December 31, 2023), the

average amount per claim being around $0.4 million. The average settlement amount per claim over the past five years was less than

$0.5 million. It is not anticipated that the resolution of such litigation and proceedings will have a material effect on the future results

from continuing operations, financial position, or cash flows of the Group.

The Group is involved, and may become involved, in various lawsuits, claims and proceedings relating to customer

claims, product liability, employee and retiree benefit matters and other commercial matters. The Group records provisions for

pending litigation matters when it determines that it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the

obligation, and such amounts can be reasonably estimated. In some proceedings, the issues raised are or can be highly complex

and subject to significant uncertainties and amounts claimed are and can be substantial. As a result, the probability of loss and

an estimation of damages are and can be difficult to ascertain.

As of December 31, 2024, approximately 50% of U.S. employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements.

These agreements are negotiated on site, regionally or on a national level, and are of different durations.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, no extension to our current collective bargaining agreement and no new collective

bargaining agreements were negotiated or ratified.