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Portfolio loans | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Portfolio loans |
Portfolio loans | Note 4: Portfolio loans The distribution of portfolio loans is as follows (dollars in thousands):
|  | March 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Commercial |  | $ | 1,657,022 |  | $ | 1,405,106
Commercial real estate |  |  | 2,699,491 |  |  | 2,366,823
Real estate construction |  |  | 387,623 |  |  | 288,197
Retail real estate |  |  | 1,718,415 |  |  | 1,480,133
Retail other |  |  | 52,530 |  |  | 28,169
Portfolio loans |  | $ | 6,515,081 |  | $ | 5,568,428
Allowance for loan losses |  |  | (50,915) |  |  | (50,648)
Portfolio loans, net |  | $ | 6,464,166 |  | $ | 5,517,780
Net deferred loan origination costs included in the table above were $5.4 million as of March 31, 2019 and $5.6 million as of December 31, 2018. Net accretable purchase accounting adjustments included in the table above reduced loans by $28.2 million as of March 31, 2019 and $13.9 million as of December 31, 2018. The Company utilizes a loan grading scale to assign a risk grade to all of its loans. A description of the general characteristics of each grade is as follows:
| · |  | Pass- This category includes loans that are all considered strong credits, ranging from investment or near investment grade, to loans made to borrowers who exhibit credit fundamentals that exceed industry standards and loan policy guidelines and loans that exhibit acceptable credit fundamentals.
| · |  | Watch- This category includes loans on management’s “Watch List” and is intended to be utilized on a temporary basis for a pass grade borrower where a significant risk-modifying action is anticipated in the near future.
| · |  | Special mention- This category is for “Other Assets Specially Mentioned” loans that have potential weaknesses, which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position at some future date.
| · |  | Substandard- This category includes “Substandard” loans, determined in accordance with regulatory guidelines, for which the accrual of interest has not been stopped. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
| · |  | Substandard Non-accrual- This category includes loans that have all the characteristics of a “Substandard” loan with additional factors that make collection in full highly questionable and improbable. Such loans are placed on non-accrual status and may be dependent on collateral with a value that is difficult to determine.
All loans are graded at their inception. Most commercial lending relationships that are $1.0 million or less are processed through an expedited underwriting process. If the credit receives a pass grade, it is aggregated into a homogenous pool of either: $0.35 million or less, or $0.35 million to $1.0 million. These pools are monitored on a regular basis and reviewed annually. Most commercial loans greater than $1.0 million are included in a portfolio review at least annually. Commercial loans greater than $0.35 million that have a grading of special mention or worse are reviewed on a quarterly basis. Interim reviews may take place if circumstances of the borrower warrant a more timely review. The following table is a summary of risk grades segregated by category of portfolio loans (excluding accretable purchase accounting adjustments and clearings) (dollars in thousands):
|  | March 31, 2019
|  |  |  |  |  | Special |  |  |  | Substandard
|  | Pass |  | Watch |  | Mention |  | Substandard |  | Non-accrual
Commercial |  | $ | 1,359,640 |  | $ | 180,954 |  | $ | 59,595 |  | $ | 41,525 |  | $ | 16,243
Commercial real estate |  |  | 2,406,213 |  |  | 168,415 |  |  | 89,262 |  |  | 33,585 |  |  | 9,761
Real estate construction |  |  | 362,541 |  |  | 19,652 |  |  | 3,105 |  |  | 1,346 |  |  | 1,126
Retail real estate |  |  | 1,671,219 |  |  | 14,202 |  |  | 6,802 |  |  | 7,678 |  |  | 9,080
Retail other |  |  | 51,101 |  |  | 90 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 20
Total |  | $ | 5,850,714 |  | $ | 383,313 |  | $ | 158,764 |  | $ | 84,150 |  | $ | 36,230
|  | December 31, 2018
|  |  |  |  |  | Special |  |  |  | Substandard
|  | Pass |  | Watch |  | Mention |  | Substandard |  | Non-accrual
Commercial |  | $ | 1,126,257 |  | $ | 172,449 |  | $ | 47,000 |  | $ | 42,532 |  | $ | 17,953
Commercial real estate |  |  | 2,106,711 |  |  | 137,214 |  |  | 85,148 |  |  | 36,205 |  |  | 10,298
Real estate construction |  |  | 268,069 |  |  | 14,562 |  |  | 3,899 |  |  | 1,888 |  |  | 18
Retail real estate |  |  | 1,448,964 |  |  | 6,425 |  |  | 6,792 |  |  | 5,435 |  |  | 6,698
Retail other |  |  | 26,707 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30
Total |  | $ | 4,976,708 |  | $ | 330,650 |  | $ | 142,839 |  | $ | 86,060 |  | $ | 34,997
An analysis of portfolio loans that are past due and still accruing or on a non-accrual status is as follows (dollars in thousands):
|  | March 31, 2019
|  | Loans past due, still accruing |  | Non-accrual
|  | 30-59 Days |  | 60-89 Days |  | 90+Days |  | Loans
Commercial |  | $ | 410 |  | $ | 1,500 |  | $ | 72 |  | $ | 16,243
Commercial real estate |  |  | 1,662 |  |  | 595 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,761
Real estate construction |  |  | 191 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,126
Retail real estate |  |  | 4,442 |  |  | 1,596 |  |  | 284 |  |  | 9,080
Retail other |  |  | 364 |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 20
Total |  | $ | 7,069 |  | $ | 3,711 |  | $ | 356 |  | $ | 36,230
|  | December 31, 2018
|  | Loans past due, still accruing |  | Non-accrual
|  | 30-59 Days |  | 60-89 Days |  | 90+Days |  | Loans
Commercial |  | $ | 158 |  | $ | 140 |  | $ | 775 |  | $ | 17,953
Commercial real estate |  |  | 148 |  |  | 558 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,298
Real estate construction |  |  | 121 |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |  | 18
Retail real estate |  |  | 4,578 |  |  | 1,368 |  |  | 766 |  |  | 6,698
Retail other |  |  | 48 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 30
Total |  | $ | 5,053 |  | $ | 2,068 |  | $ | 1,601 |  | $ | 34,997
The gross interest income that would have been recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 if impaired loans had been current in accordance with their original terms was $0.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The amount of interest collected on those loans and recognized on a cash basis that was included in interest income was insignificant for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. A summary of restructured loans is as follows (dollars in thousands):
|  | March 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
In compliance with modified terms |  | $ | 11,127 |  | $ | 8,319
30 — 89 days past due |  |  | 184 |  |  | 127
Included in non-performing loans |  |  | 360 |  |  | 392
Total |  | $ | 11,671 |  | $ | 8,838
There was $3.1 million of loans newly classified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) during the three months ended March 31, 2019, which included one commercial loan for payment modification. There were no loans newly classified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The gross interest income that would have been recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 if TDRs had performed in accordance with their original terms compared with their modified terms was insignificant. There were no TDRs that were entered into during the last twelve months that were subsequently classified as non-performing and had payment defaults (a default occurs when a loan is 90 days or more past due or transferred to non-accrual) during the three months ended March 31, 2019. There were no TDRs that were entered into during the prior twelve months that were subsequently classified as non-performing and had payment defaults during the three months ended March 31, 2018. At March 31, 2019, the Company had $3.4 million of residential real estate in the process of foreclosure. The following tables provide details of loans identified as impaired, segregated by category. The unpaid contractual principal balance represents the recorded balance prior to any partial charge-offs. The recorded investment represents customer balances net of any partial charge-offs recognized on the loan. The average recorded investment is calculated using the most recent four quarters (dollars in thousands).
|  | March 31, 2019
|  | Unpaid |  | Recorded |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Contractual |  | Investment |  | Recorded |  | Total |  |  |  |  | Average
|  | Principal |  | with No |  | Investment |  | Recorded |  | Related |  | Recorded
|  | Balance |  | Allowance |  | with Allowance |  | Investment |  | Allowance |  | Investment
Commercial |  | $ | 19,507 |  | $ | 5,605 |  | $ | 10,787 |  | $ | 16,392 |  | $ | 4,126 |  | $ | 15,165
Commercial real estate |  |  | 20,174 |  |  | 13,818 |  |  | 4,498 |  |  | 18,316 |  |  | 1,231 |  |  | 18,448
Real estate construction |  |  | 930 |  |  | 820 |  |  | — |  |  | 820 |  |  | — |  |  | 586
Retail real estate |  |  | 16,795 |  |  | 14,815 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 14,930 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 13,792
Retail other |  |  | 48 |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 40
Total |  | $ | 57,454 |  | $ | 35,078 |  | $ | 15,400 |  | $ | 50,478 |  | $ | 5,399 |  | $ | 48,031
|  | December 31, 2018
|  | Unpaid |  | Recorded |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Contractual |  | Investment |  | Recorded |  | Total |  |  |  |  | Average
|  | Principal |  | with No |  | Investment |  | Recorded |  | Related |  | Recorded
|  | Balance |  | Allowance |  | with Allowance |  | Investment |  | Allowance |  | Investment
Commercial |  | $ | 21,442 |  | $ | 6,858 |  | $ | 12,001 |  | $ | 18,859 |  | $ | 4,319 |  | $ | 13,364
Commercial real estate |  |  | 19,079 |  |  | 13,082 |  |  | 4,498 |  |  | 17,580 |  |  | 1,181 |  |  | 18,077
Real estate construction |  |  | 478 |  |  | 453 |  |  | — |  |  | 453 |  |  | — |  |  | 712
Retail real estate |  |  | 14,418 |  |  | 13,196 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 13,257 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 14,110
Retail other |  |  | 117 |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | 40
Total |  | $ | 55,534 |  | $ | 33,622 |  | $ | 16,560 |  | $ | 50,182 |  | $ | 5,561 |  | $ | 46,303
Management's evaluation as to the ultimate collectability of loans includes estimates regarding future cash flows from operations and the value of property, real and personal, pledged as collateral. These estimates are affected by changing economic conditions and the economic prospects of borrowers. The Company holds acquired loans from business combinations with uncollected principal balances. These loans are carried net of a fair value adjustment for credit risk and interest rates and are only included in the allowance calculation to the extent that the reserve requirement exceeds the fair value adjustment. As the acquired loans renew, it is generally necessary to establish an allowance, which represents an amount that, in management’s opinion, will be adequate to absorb probable credit losses in such loans. The recorded investment of all acquired loans as of March 31, 2019 totaled approximately $2.0 billion. The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories (dollars in thousands):
|  | As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
|  |  |  |  | Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Retail Real |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Construction |  | Estate |  | Retail Other |  | Total
Beginning balance |  | $ | 17,829 |  | $ | 21,137 |  | $ | 2,723 |  | $ | 8,471 |  | $ | 488 |  | $ | 50,648
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 1,793 |  |  | (1,089) |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,357 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 2,111
Charged-off |  |  | (1,807) |  |  | (15) |  |  | — |  |  | (517) |  |  | (130) |  |  | (2,469)
Recoveries |  |  | 183 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 625
Ending balance |  | $ | 17,998 |  | $ | 20,097 |  | $ | 2,807 |  | $ | 9,503 |  | $ | 510 |  | $ | 50,915
|  | As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
|  |  |  | Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Retail Real |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Construction |  | Estate |  | Retail Other |  | Total
Beginning balance |  | $ | 14,779 |  | $ | 21,813 |  | $ | 2,861 |  | $ | 13,783 |  | $ | 346 |  | $ | 53,582
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 3,003 |  |  | 1,536 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (3,662) |  |  | 129 |  |  | 1,008
Charged-off |  |  | (781) |  |  | (1,315) |  |  | (97) |  |  | (530) |  |  | (207) |  |  | (2,930)
Recoveries |  |  | 576 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 989
Ending balance |  | $ | 17,577 |  | $ | 22,090 |  | $ | 2,799 |  | $ | 9,836 |  | $ | 347 |  | $ | 52,649
The following table presents the allowance for loan losses and recorded investments in portfolio loans by category (dollars in thousands):
|  | As of March 31, 2019
|  |  |  |  | Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Retail Real |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Construction |  | Estate |  | Retail Other |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance attributed to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 4,126 |  | $ | 1,231 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 42 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 5,399
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 13,872 |  |  | 18,866 |  |  | 2,807 |  |  | 9,461 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 45,516
Ending balance |  | $ | 17,998 |  | $ | 20,097 |  | $ | 2,807 |  | $ | 9,503 |  | $ | 510 |  | $ | 50,915
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 16,361 |  | $ | 15,733 |  | $ | 385 |  | $ | 13,296 |  | $ | 20 |  | $ | 45,795
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 1,640,630 |  |  | 2,679,200 |  |  | 387,238 |  |  | 1,705,025 |  |  | 52,510 |  |  | 6,464,603
PCI loans evaluated for impairment |  |  | 31 |  |  | 4,558 |  |  | — |  |  | 94 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,683
Ending balance |  | $ | 1,657,022 |  | $ | 2,699,491 |  | $ | 387,623 |  | $ | 1,718,415 |  | $ | 52,530 |  | $ | 6,515,081
|  | As of December 31, 2018
|  |  |  |  | Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Retail Real |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Construction |  | Estate |  | Retail Other |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance attributed to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 4,319 |  | $ | 1,181 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 61 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 5,561
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 13,510 |  |  | 19,956 |  |  | 2,723 |  |  | 8,410 |  |  | 488 |  |  | 45,087
Ending balance |  | $ | 17,829 |  | $ | 21,137 |  | $ | 2,723 |  | $ | 8,471 |  | $ | 488 |  | $ | 50,648
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 18,441 |  | $ | 15,318 |  | $ | 453 |  | $ | 13,159 |  | $ | 33 |  | $ | 47,404
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 1,386,247 |  |  | 2,349,243 |  |  | 287,744 |  |  | 1,466,876 |  |  | 28,136 |  |  | 5,518,246
PCI loans evaluated for impairment |  |  | 418 |  |  | 2,262 |  |  | — |  |  | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,778
Ending balance |  | $ | 1,405,106 |  | $ | 2,366,823 |  | $ | 288,197 |  | $ | 1,480,133 |  | $ | 28,169 |  | $ | 5,568,428

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