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Significant Accounting Policies | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2020
Significant Accounting Policies |
Significant Accounting Policies | Note 1: Significant Accounting Policies ​ Basis of Financial Statement Presentation ​ When preparing these unaudited consolidated financial statements of First Busey Corporation and its subsidiaries (“First Busey,” “Company,” “we,” or “our”), a Nevada corporation, we have assumed that you have read the audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (“2019 Form 10-K”). These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements serve to update our 2019 Form 10-K and may not include all information and notes necessary to constitute a complete set of financial statements. ​ We prepared these unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). We have eliminated intercompany accounts and transactions. We have also reclassified certain prior year amounts to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations. ​ In our opinion, the unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all normal, recurring adjustments needed to present fairly our results for the interim periods. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year or any other interim period. ​ Impacts of COVID-19 ​ First Busey is positioned to execute its mission as an essential community resource during these challenging times. The coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) is not only impacting health and safety around the world, it is causing significant economic disruption for both individuals and businesses, making the Company’s promise of support even more important to customers. In the face of the challenges and risks posed by COVID-19, the Company remains resolute in its focus on protecting the strength and flexibility of its balance sheet. The progression of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States began to negatively impact the Company’s results of operations during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Going forward, COVID-19 can be expected to have a complex and significant adverse impact on the economy, the banking industry and First Busey in future fiscal periods, all subject to a high degree of uncertainty as it relates to both timing and severity. Primary areas of impact in the future for First Busey may include margin compression, increased provision expense, a deterioration in asset quality and decreased wealth management fees and fees for customer services. ​ Subsequent Events ​ The Company has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and/or disclosure through the date the unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q were issued. There were no significant subsequent events for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 through the issuance date of these unaudited consolidated financial statements that warranted adjustment to or disclosure in the unaudited consolidated financial statements. ​ Use of Estimates ​ In preparing the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, the Company’s management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates which are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the fair value of investment securities, fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, goodwill, income taxes and the determination of the allowance. ​ Impact of recently adopted accounting standards On January 1, 2020, First Busey adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (“Topic 326”): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended, which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities. It also applies to off-balance-sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with Topic 842 on leases. In addition, Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326 made changes to the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities. One such change is to require credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on available-for-sale debt securities management does not intend to sell or believes that it is more likely than not they will be required to sell. ​ First Busey adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2020 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP which includes a change in terminology from Allowance/Provision for Loan Losses to Allowance/Provision for Credit Losses. First Busey recorded a net decrease to retained earnings of $15.9 million as of January 1, 2020 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326. This transition adjustment included $12.0 million in allowance for credit losses on loans and $3.9 million in reserve for off-balance-sheet credit exposures. ​ First Busey adopted ASC 326 using the prospective transition approach for financial assets purchased with credit deterioration (“PCD”) that were previously classified as purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) and accounted for under ASC 310-30. In accordance with the standard, management did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the date of adoption. In accordance with ASC 326, the amortized cost basis of PCD assets were adjusted to reflect an allowance for credit losses for any remaining credit discount. Subsequent changes in expected cash flows will be adjusted through the allowance for credit losses. The noncredit discount will be accreted into interest income at the effective interest rate as of January 1, 2020. ​ The following table illustrates the impact of ASC 326 (dollars in thousands):
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | January 1, 2020
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Pre-tax
​ | ​ | Post ASC 326 | ​ | Pre-ASC 326 | ​ | impact of ASC 326
​ |  | Adoption |  | Adoption |  | Adoption
Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Allowance | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commercial | ​ | $ | 19,006 | ​ | $ | 18,291 | ​ | $ | 715
Commercial real estate | ​ | ​ | 30,496 | ​ | ​ | 21,190 | ​ | ​ | 9,306
Real estate construction | ​ | ​ | 6,158 | ​ | ​ | 3,204 | ​ | ​ | 2,954
Retail real estate | ​ | ​ | 13,787 | ​ | ​ | 10,495 | ​ | ​ | 3,292
Retail other | ​ | ​ | 1,134 | ​ | ​ | 568 | ​ | ​ | 566
Total allowance for credit losses | ​ | $ | 70,581 | ​ | $ | 53,748 | ​ | $ | 16,833
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Liabilities: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Reserve for off-balance-sheet credit exposures | ​ | $ | 5,492 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5,492
​ Allowance-debt securities available for sale ​ Debt securities available for sale are not within the scope of CECL, however, the accounting for credit losses on these securities is affected by ASC 326-30. A debt security available for sale is impaired if the fair value of the security declines below its amortized cost basis. To determine the appropriate accounting, the Company must first determine if it intends to sell the security or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before the fair value increases to at least the amortized cost basis. If either of those selling events is expected, the Company will write down the amortized cost basis of the security to its fair value. This is achieved by writing off any previously recorded allowance, if applicable, and recognizing any incremental impairment through earnings. If the Company does not intend to sell the security nor believes it more likely than not will be required to sell the security before the fair value recovers to the amortized cost basis, the Company must determine whether any of the decline in fair value has resulted from a credit loss, or if it is entirely the result of noncredit factors. ​ The Company considers the following factors in assessing whether the decline is due to a credit loss: ​
| ● | Extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis.
| ● | Adverse conditions specifically related to the security, an industry, or a geographic area (for example, changes in the financial condition of the issuer of the security, or in the case of an asset-backed debt security, in the financial condition of the underlying loan obligors).
| ● | Payment structure of the debt security and the likelihood of the issuer being able to make payments that increase in the future.
| ● | Failure of the issuer of the security to make scheduled interest or principal payments.
| ● | Any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency.
​ Impairment related to a credit loss must be measured using the discounted cash flow method. Credit loss recognition is limited to the fair value of the security. The impairment is recognized by establishing an allowance for credit losses through provision for credit losses. Impairment related to noncredit factors is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. ​ Accrued interest receivable for debt securities available for sale totaled $6.8 million at March 31, 2020 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Accrued interest receivable is reported in Other Assets on the unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. ​ Allowance – portfolio loans ​ The allowance for credit losses is a significant estimate in the Company’s unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheet, affecting both earnings and capital. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the portfolio loans’ amortized cost bases to present the net amount expected to be collected on the portfolio loans. Portfolio loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off. The allowance for credit losses is established through provision for credit loss expense charged to income. ​ A loan’s amortized cost basis is comprised of the unpaid principal balance of the loan, accrued interest receivable, purchase premiums or discounts, and net deferred origination fees or costs. The Company has estimated its allowance on the amortized cost basis, exclusive of accrued interest receivable. The Company writes-off uncollectible accrued interest receivable in a timely manner and has elected to not measure an allowance for accrued interest receivable. The Company presents the aggregate amount of accrued interest receivable for all financial instruments in other assets on the unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets and the balance of accrued interest receivable is disclosed in “Note 14: Fair Value Measurements.” ​ Its methodology influences, and is influenced by, the Company’s overall credit risk management processes. The allowance for credit losses is managed in accordance with GAAP to provide an adequate reserve for expected credit losses that is reflective of management’s best estimate of what is expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. ​ The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the amortized cost basis. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwiring standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environmental conditions such as changes in unemployment rates, property values and other relevant factors. The calculation also contemplates that the Company may not be able to make or obtain such forecasts for the entire life of the financial assets and requires a reversion to historical credit loss information. At implementation, the Company selected an 8 quarter forecast period with an immediate reversion to historical loss rates as management felt this period could be reasonably forecasted and was consistent with forecast periods used in other areas of finance. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company reduced its reasonable and supportable forecast period from 8 quarters to 4 quarters. Due to rapidly changing forecasts around the impact of COVID-19, the Company does not believe it has the ability to incorporate reasonable and supportable forecasts into its CECL models extending beyond 4 quarters. ​ Ongoing impacts of the CECL methodology will be dependent upon changes in economic conditions and forecasts, originated and acquired loan portfolio composition, credit performance trends, portfolio duration, and other factors. ​ Reserve for Off-balance-sheet credit exposures ​ In estimating expected credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures, the Company is required to estimate expected credit losses over the contractual period in which it is exposed to credit risk via a present contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the issuer. To be considered unconditionally cancelable for accounting purposes, the Company must have the ability to, at any time, with or without cause, refuse to extend credit under the commitment. Off-balance-sheet credit exposure segments share the same risk characteristics as portfolio loans. The Company incorporates a probability of funding and utilizes the allowance for credit losses loss rates to calculate the reserve. The reserve for off-balance-sheet credit exposure is carried on the balance sheet in other liabilities rather than as a component of the allowance. The reserve for off-balance-sheet credit exposure is adjusted as a provision for off-balance-sheet credit exposure reported as a component of non-interest expense in the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Statement of Income.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure, and significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 205 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122149 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 810 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2197479 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134479 + Details
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