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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Note 18. Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of an asset or liability is the price that would be received by selling that asset or paid in transferring that liability (exit price) in an orderly transaction occurring in the principal market (or most advantageous market in the absence of a principal market) for such asset or liability. ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

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Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

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Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.

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Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below. These valuation methodologies were applied to those Company assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value.

In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, when available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments may include amounts to reflect, among other things, counterparty credit quality and the company's creditworthiness as well as unobservable parameters. Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time. While management believes the Company's valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.

Debt Securities Available for Sale

Debt securities classified as available for sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. The Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The independent pricing service utilizes evaluated pricing models that vary by asset class and incorporate available trade, bid, and other market information. Because many fixed income securities do not trade on a daily basis, the independent pricing service applies available information, focusing on observable market data such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings, and matrix pricing, to prepare evaluations.

The independent pricing service uses model processes, such as the Option Adjusted Spread model, to assess interest rate impact and develop prepayment scenarios. Models and processes take into account market conventions. For each asset class, a team of evaluators gathers information from market sources and integrates relevant credit information, perceived market movements, and sector news into the evaluated pricing applications and models.

Market inputs that the independent pricing service normally seeks for evaluations of securities, listed in approximate order of priority, include: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and reference data including market research publications. The independent pricing service also monitors market indicators, industry, and economic events. For certain security types, additional inputs may be used or some of the market inputs may not be applicable. Evaluators may prioritize inputs differently on any given day for any security based on market conditions, and not all inputs listed are available for use in the evaluation process for each security evaluation on a given day. Because the data utilized was observable, the securities have been classified as Level 2.

Equity Securities

Equity securities are reported at fair value utilizing Level 1 or Level 2 inputs. As applicable for mutual funds, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets are utilized to determine fair value at the measurement date and are classified as Level 1. For stock, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active are utilized and classified as Level 2.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. The fair value of the mortgage loans held for sale are measured using observable quoted market or contract prices or market price equivalents and are classified as Level 2.

Derivative Assets and Derivative Liabilities

Derivative assets and derivative liabilities are reported at estimated fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs and are included in other assets or other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Derivative balances consist of interest rate swaps and a risk participation agreement where there is no significant deterioration in the counterparties (loan customers) credit risk since origination of the interest rate swap or risk participation agreement, as well as mortgage banking derivatives, including interest rate lock commitments and forward sales commitments.

The Company values its derivative assets and liabilities using market prices provided by third parties which use primarily observable market inputs. For purposes of potential valuation adjustments to our derivative positions, the Company evaluates the credit risk of its counterparties as well as its own credit risk. Accordingly, the Company has considered factors such as the likelihood of default, expected loss given default, net exposures, and remaining contractual life, among other things, in determining if any estimated fair value adjustments related to credit risk are required. The Company reviews counterparty exposure quarterly, and when necessary, appropriate adjustments are made to reflect the exposure. No credit changes in counterparty credit were identified.

The following tables summarize financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021, and 2020, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value (dollars in thousands):


		As of December 31, 2021
		Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
		Inputs			Inputs			Inputs			Fair Value
Debt securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities		$	—		$	165,762		$	—		$	165,762
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies			—			38,470			—			38,470
Obligations of states and political subdivisions			—			306,869			—			306,869
Asset-backed securities			—			492,186			—			492,186
Commercial mortgage-backed securities			—			614,998			—			614,998
Residential mortgage-backed securities			—			2,069,313			—			2,069,313
Corporate debt securities			—			293,653			—			293,653
Equity securities			—			13,571			—			13,571
Loans held for sale			—			23,875			—			23,875
Derivative assets			—			20,314			—			20,314
Derivative liabilities			—			21,501			—			21,501


		As of December 31, 2020
		Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
		Inputs			Inputs			Inputs			Fair Value
Debt securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities		$	—		$	27,837		$	—		$	27,837
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies			—			69,519			—			69,519
Obligations of states and political subdivisions			—			304,711			—			304,711
Commercial mortgage-backed securities			—			418,616			—			418,616
Residential mortgage-backed securities			—			1,368,315			—			1,368,315
Corporate debt securities			—			72,189			—			72,189
Equity securities			—			5,530			—			5,530
Loans held for sale			—			42,813			—			42,813
Derivative assets			—			33,918			—			33,918
Derivative liabilities			—			38,403			—			38,403

Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).

Loans Evaluated Individually

The Company does not record portfolio loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, periodically, a loan is evaluated individually and is reported at the fair value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. If the collateral value is not sufficient, a specific reserve is recorded. Collateral values are estimated using a combination of observable inputs, including recent appraisals, and unobservable inputs based on customized discounting criteria. Due to the significance of unobservable inputs, fair values of individually evaluated collateral dependent loans have been classified as Level 3.

OREO

Non-financial assets measured at fair value include OREO (upon initial recognition or subsequent impairment). OREO properties are measured using a combination of observable inputs, including recent appraisals, and unobservable inputs. Due to the significance of unobservable inputs, all OREO fair values have been classified as Level 3.

Bank Property Held for Sale

Bank property held for sale represents certain banking center office buildings which the Company has closed and consolidated with other existing banking centers. Bank property held for sale is measured at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell, and is included in premises and equipment, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair values were based upon discounted appraisals or real estate listing price. Due to the significance of unobservable inputs, fair values of all bank property held for sale have been classified as Level 3.

The following tables summarize assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for the periods presented, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value (dollars in thousands):


		As of December 31, 2021
		Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
		Inputs			Inputs			Inputs			Fair Value
Loans evaluated individually, net of related allowance		$	—		$	—		$	2,926		$	2,926
OREO with subsequent impairment			—			—			51			51
Bank property held for sale with impairment			—			—			10,103			10,103


		As of December 31, 2020
		Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
		Inputs			Inputs			Inputs			Fair Value
Loans evaluated individually, net of related allowance		$	—		$	—		$	2,771		$	2,771
OREO with subsequent impairment			—			—			106			106
Bank property held for sale with impairment			—			—			10,676			10,676

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value (dollars in thousands):


		Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
		Fair Value			Valuation		Unobservable		Range
December 31, 2021:		Estimate			Techniques		Input		(Weighted Average)
Loans evaluated individually, net of related allowance		$	2,926		Appraisal of collateral		Appraisal adjustments		-50.0	%	to	-100.0	%	(-55.1)	%
OREO with subsequent impairment			51		Appraisal of collateral		Appraisal adjustments		-33.0	%	to	-100.0	%	(-67.9)	%
Bank property held for sale with impairment			10,103		Appraisal of collateral or real estate listing price		Appraisal adjustments		-0.7	%	to	-70.1	%	(-41.3)	%

December 31, 2020:
Loans evaluated individually, net of related allowance		$	2,771		Appraisal of collateral		Appraisal adjustments		-30.0	%	to	-100.0	%	(-37.0)	%
OREO with subsequent impairment			106		Appraisal of collateral		Appraisal adjustments		-25.0	%	to	-100.0	%	(-54.5)	%
Bank property held for sale with impairment			10,676		Appraisal of collateral or real estate listing price		Appraisal adjustments		-6.2	%	to	-64.9	%	(-42.8)	%

Estimated fair values of financial instruments that are reported at amortized cost in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value, were as follows (dollars in thousands):


		As of December 31, 2021						As of December 31, 2020
		Carrying			Fair			Carrying			Fair
		Amount			Value			Amount			Value
Financial assets
Level 1 inputs:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	836,095		$	836,095		$	688,537		$	688,537
Level 2 inputs:
Accrued interest receivable			31,064			31,064			33,240			33,240
Level 3 inputs:
Portfolio loans, net			7,101,111			7,161,466			6,713,129			6,755,425
Mortgage servicing rights			8,608			12,133			10,912			11,107
Other servicing rights			1,830			2,268			1,434			1,966

Financial liabilities
Level 2 inputs:
Time deposits		$	935,649		$	935,778		$	1,119,348		$	1,132,107
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase			270,139			270,139			175,614			175,614
Short-term borrowings			17,678			17,673			4,658			4,661
Long-term debt			46,056			46,164			4,757			5,014
Junior subordinated debt owed to unconsolidated trusts			71,635			63,586			71,468			59,943
Accrued interest payable			2,728			2,728			3,401			3,401
Level 3 inputs:
Senior notes, net of unamortized issuance costs			39,944			40,400			39,809			40,104
Subordinated notes, net of unamortized issuance costs			182,773			195,600			182,226			187,697

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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