| Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets |
5. Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 are as follows (in thousands): | | Life Sciences | | Healthcare | | Physician | | IT and Engineering | | Total | Balance as of January 1, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | Gross goodwill | $ 1,197 | | $ 122,230 | | $ 37,163 | | $ 148,542 | | $ 309,132 | Accumulated impairment loss | - | | (106,318) | | - | | - | | (106,318) | | | 1,197 | | 15,912 | | 37,163 | | 148,542 | | 202,814 | Cambridge acquisition (see Note 3) | 5,650 | | - | | - | | 941 | | 6,591 | Sharpstream acquisition (see Note 3) | 5,714 | | - | | - | | - | | 5,714 | Goodwill impairment | - | | (15,399) | | - | | - | | (15,399) | Balance as of December 31, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | Gross goodwill | 12,561 | | 122,230 | | 37,163 | | 149,483 | | 321,437 | Accumulated impairment loss | - | | (121,717) | | - | | - | | (121,717) | | | 12,561 | | 513 | | 37,163 | | 149,483 | | 199,720 | Valesta acquisition (see Note 3) | 16,097 | | - | | - | | - | | 16,097 | HCP acquisition (see Note 3) | - | | - | | 14,407 | | - | | 14,407 | Translation adjustment | (990) | | - | | - | | - | | (990) | Balance as of December 31, 2011 | | | | | | | | | | Gross goodwill | 27,668 | | 122,230 | | 51,570 | | 149,483 | | 350,951 | Accumulated impairment loss | - | | (121,717) | | - | | - | | (121,717) | | | $ 27,668 | | $ 513 | | $ 51,570 | | $ 149,483 | | $ 229,234 |
The goodwill impairment charge in 2010 related to the Nurse Travel reporting unit.
As of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company had the following acquired intangible assets (in thousands): | | | | December 31, 2011 | | | December 31, 2010 | | | | Estimated Useful Life | | Gross Carrying Amount | | | Accumulated Amortization | | | Net Carrying Amount | | | Gross Carrying Amount | | | Accumulated Amortization | | | Net Carrying Amount | | Subject to amortization: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Customer relations | 3 months - 10 years | | $ | 11,077 | | | $ | 7,891 | | | $ | 3,186 | | | $ | 7,740 | | | $ | 6,830 | | | $ | 910 | | Contractor relations | 3 - 7 years | | | 27,276 | | | | 25,599 | | | | 1,677 | | | | 26,111 | | | | 24,600 | | | | 1,511 | | Non-compete agreements | 2 - 3 years | | | 899 | | | | 604 | | | | 295 | | | | 470 | | | | 371 | | | | 99 | | In-use software | 2 years | | | 500 | | | | 500 | | | | - | | | | 500 | | | | 500 | | | | - | | | | | | | 39,752 | | | | 34,594 | | | | 5,158 | | | | 34,821 | | | | 32,301 | | | | 2,520 | | Not subject to amortization: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Trademarks | | | | 25,048 | | | | - | | | | 25,048 | | | | 22,650 | | | | - | | | | 22,650 | | Goodwill | | | | 229,234 | | | | - | | | | 229,234 | | | | 199,720 | | | | - | | | | 199,720 | | Total | | | $ | 294,034 | | | $ | 34,594 | | | $ | 259,440 | | | $ | 257,191 | | | $ | 32,301 | | | $ | 224,890 | |
Identifiable intangible assets are amortized on an accelerated or straight-line basis over their respective useful lives depending on the intangible asset. Amortization expense for intangible assets with finite lives was $2.3 million, $2.1 million, and $6.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Estimated amortization for each of the next five fiscal years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):
2012 | $ 2,315 | 2013 | 1,425 | 2014 | 469 | 2015 | 227 | 2016 | 194 | Thereafter | 528 | | | $ 5,158 |
Goodwill and other intangible assets having indefinite useful lives are not amortized for financial statement purposes. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are reviewed for impairment on an annual basis as of December 31, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. |