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INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of intangible assets | Schedule of intangible assets
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidated
| Goodwill |  | Customer relationships |  | Software |  | Trademarks and patents |  | Rights and licenses (*) |  | Others |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 | 3,606,156 |  | 246,139 |  | 53,859 |  | 153,103 |  | 3,170,960 |  | 1,564 |  | 7,231,781
Cost | 3,846,563 |  | 585,407 |  | 171,152 |  | 153,103 |  | 3,189,789 |  | 1,564 |  | 7,947,578
Accumulated amortization | (131,077) |  | (339,268) |  | (117,293) |  |  |  | (18,829) |  |  |  | (606,467)
Adjustment for accumulated recoverable value | (109,330) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (109,330)
Balance at December 31, 2019 | 3,606,156 |  | 246,139 |  | 53,859 |  | 153,103 |  | 3,170,960 |  | 1,564 |  | 7,231,781
Effect of foreign exchange differences |  |  | 94,998 |  | 584 |  | 62,429 |  |  |  | 638 |  | 158,649
Acquisitions and expenditures |  |  |  |  | 1,837 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,837
Transfer of property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |  | 633 |  |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | 4,633
Amortization (note 27) |  |  | (63,096) |  | (11,248) |  |  |  | (5,611) |  |  |  | (79,955)
Others |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (151) |  | (151)
Balance at December 31, 2020 | 3,606,156 |  | 278,041 |  | 45,665 |  | 215,532 |  | 3,169,349 |  | 2,051 |  | 7,316,794
Cost | 3,846,563 |  | 823,540 |  | 182,059 |  | 215,532 |  | 3,193,787 |  | 2,051 |  | 8,263,532
Accumulated amortization | (131,077) |  | (545,499) |  | (136,394) |  |  |  | (24,438) |  |  |  | (837,408)
Adjustment for accumulated recoverable value | (109,330) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (109,330)
Balance at December 31, 2020 | 3,606,156 |  | 278,041 |  | 45,665 |  | 215,532 |  | 3,169,349 |  | 2,051 |  | 7,316,794
Effect of foreign exchange differences |  |  | (1,835) |  | (24) |  | (1,923) |  |  |  | (18) |  | (3,800)
Acquisitions and expenditures |  |  |  |  | 3,302 |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 3,329
Transfer of property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |  | 29,840 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29,840
Amortization (note 27) |  |  | (68,294) |  | (12,343) |  |  |  | (21,843) |  |  |  | (102,480)
Disposals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (63) |  | (63)
Transfers to other asset categories | 39,814 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (39,814) |  |  |  |
Business Combination Elizabeth (note 4) | 83,266 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 330,164 |  |  |  | 413,430
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 3,729,236 |  | 207,912 |  | 66,440 |  | 213,609 |  | 3,437,883 |  | 1,970 |  | 7,657,050
Cost | 3,969,643 |  | 816,206 |  | 221,712 |  | 213,609 |  | 3,484,778 |  | 1,970 |  | 8,707,918
Accumulated amortization | (131,077) |  | (608,294) |  | (155,272) |  |  |  | (46,895) |  |  |  | (941,538)
Adjustment for accumulated recoverable value | (109,330) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (109,330)
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 3,729,236 |  | 207,912 |  | 66,440 |  | 213,609 |  | 3,437,883 |  | 1,970 |  | 7,657,050
(*) |  | Composed mainly of mining rights. Amortization is based on production volume.
Schedule of average useful life by nature | The average useful life by nature is as follows (in years): Schedule of average useful life by nature
|  |  | Consolidated
| 12/31/2021 |  | 12/31/2020
Software | 9 |  | 9
Customer relationships | 13 |  | 13
The CGUs with intangible assets in this situation are shown below: | Goodwill arising from expected future profitability of acquired companies and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives (brands) were allocated to CSN’s cash generating units (CGUs) which represent the lowest level of assets or group of assets of the Company. According to IAS36, when a CGU has an intangible asset with no defined useful life allocated, the Company must perform an impairment test. The CGUs with intangible assets in this situation are shown below:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidated
|  |  |  | Goodwill | Trademarks | Total
Cash generating unity |  | Segment |  | 12/31/2021 |  | 12/31/2020 |  | 12/31/2021 |  | 12/31/2020 |  | 12/31/2021 |  | 12/31/2020
Packaging (1) |  | Steel |  | 158,748 |  | 158,748 |  |  |  |  |  | 158,748 |  | 158,748
Long steel (2) |  | Steel |  | 235,595 |  | 235,595 |  | 213,609 |  | 215,532 |  | 449,204 |  | 451,127
Mining (3) |  | Mining |  | 3,236,402 |  | 3,196,588 |  |  |  |  |  | 3,236,402 |  | 3,196,588
Other Steel (4) |  | Steel |  | 15,225 |  | 15,225 |  |  |  |  |  | 15,225 |  | 15,225
Cements (5) |  | Cement |  | 83,266 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 83,266 |  |
|  |  |  | 3,729,236 |  | 3,606,156 |  | 213,609 |  | 215,532 |  | 3,942,845 |  | 3,821,688
| (1) | The goodwill of the Packaging cash-generating unit is shown net of impairment loss in the amount of R$109,330, recognized in 2011.
| (2) | The goodwill and trademark that are recorded in line-item intangible assets at long steel segment, those transactions are derived from the business combination of Stahlwerk Thuringen GmbH ("SWT") and Gallardo Sections CSN. The assets mentioned are considered to have indefinite useful lives as they are expected to contribute indefinitely to the Company's cash flows.
| (3) | Refers to the goodwill based on expectations for future profitability, resulting from the acquisition of Namisa by CSN Mineração concluded in December 2015, which recoverability is tested annually.
| (4) | On November 29, 2019, CSN acquired the stake held by CKTR Brasil Serviços Ltda., corresponding to 50% of CBSI's shares, and now holds 100% of CBSI's share capital.
| (5) | In the acquisition of Elizabeth Cimentos S.A. in August 2021 goodwill was generated for future profitability in the acquirer CSN Cimentos S.A..
Schedule of main assumptions for intangible asstes impairment | Schedule of main assumptions for intangible asstes impairment
| Packaging | Mining | Other Steelmaking | Flat Steel (*) | Flat Steel (*) | Logistics | Cement
Measurement of recoverable value | Discounted Cash Flow | Discounted Cash Flow | Discounted Cash Flow | Discounted Cash Flow | Discounted Cash Flow | Discounted Cash Flow | Discounted Cash Flow
Cash flow projection | Until 2031 + perpetuity | Until 2064 | Until 2031 + perpetuity | Until 2031 + perpetuity | Until 2034 + perpetuity | Until 2027 | by 2050
Gross Margin | Gross margin updated based on historical data, impacts of business restructuring and market trends | It reflects projection of costs due to the progress of the mining plan as well as startup and project ramp up. Prices and exchange rates projected according to sectoral reports. | Gross margin updated based on historical data and market trends | Gross margin updated based on historical data and market trends | Gross margin updated based on historical data and market trends | Estimated based on market study to capture cargo and operating costs according to market trend studies | Gross margin updated based on historical data and market trends
Cost atualization | Cost based on historical data of each product and impacts of business restructuring | Update of costs based on historical data, progress of the mining plan as well as startup and project ramp up | Updated costs based on historical data and market trends | Updated costs based on historical data and market trends | Updated costs based on historical data and market trends | Study-based costs and market trends | Study-based costs and market trends
Perpetual growth rate | 1% growth. | Without perpetuity | Without growth | Without growth | Without growth | Without perpetuity | Without perpetuity
Discount rate | For metal packaging, the cash flow considered a discount rate around 9,22% p.a. in real terms. For mining, flat steel and other steel (CBSI), cash flows considered a discount rate between 7% and 9.5% p.a. in nominal terms. For the logistic segment, cash flow was discounted using a discount rate between 5.87% and 6.40% p.a. in real terms. The discount rate was based on the weighted average cost of capital ("WACC") that reflects the specific risk of each segment.
(*) |  | refer to the assets of the subsidiary Lusosider, located in Portugal, and the assets of Stahlwerk Thüringen (SWT) located in Germany. The discount rate was applied to the discounted cash flow prepared in Euros, the functional currency of this subsidiary.
(**) |  | refer to the assets of the subsidiary FTL - Ferrovia Transnordestina Logística SA

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