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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Financial Instruments  
Schedule of financial instruments
                           
                            Consolidated
Consolidated           12/31/2022       12/31/2021
  Notes   Fair value through profit or loss   Measured at amortized cost   Balances   Fair value through profit or loss   Measured at amortized cost   Balances
Assets                            
Current                            
Cash and cash equivalents   4         11,991,356   11,991,356         16,646,480   16,646,480
Short-term investments   5    1,184,895    271,590     1,456,485    2,383,059    261,673     2,644,732
Trade receivables   6        3,233,164     3,233,164        2,597,838     2,597,838
Dividends and interest on equity   9       77,377   77,377       76,878   76,878
Trading securities   9    9,596         9,596   12,028       12,028
Loans - related parties   9        5,383     5,383        4,511     4,511
Total        1,194,491     15,578,870   16,773,361    2,395,087     19,587,380   21,982,467
                             
Non-current                            
Investments   5        156,185    156,185        147,671    147,671
Other trade receivables   9        8,059     8,059        2,345     2,345
Eletrobrás compulsory loan   9       58,030   58,030        859,607    859,607
Receivables by indemnity   9        974,863    974,863        534,896    534,896
Loans - related parties   9        1,384,773     1,384,773        1,143,228     1,143,228
Investments   10   94,700       94,700    190,321        190,321
Total       94,700    2,581,910     2,676,610    190,321    2,687,747     2,878,068
                             
Total Assets        1,289,191     18,160,780   19,449,971    2,585,408     22,275,127   24,860,535
                             
Liabilities                              
Current                            
Borrowings and financing    13        5,269,952     5,269,952        5,532,736     5,532,736
Leases   15        177,010    177,010        119,047    119,047
Trade payables   16        6,596,915     6,596,915        6,446,999     6,446,999
Trade payables -  drawee risk   17        5,709,069     5,709,069        4,439,967     4,439,967
Dividends and interest on capital   17        611,307    611,307        1,206,870     1,206,870
Derivative financial instruments        416,935        416,935             
Total        416,935     18,364,253   18,781,188         17,745,619   17,745,619
                             
Non-current                            
Borrowings and financing    13         36,170,996   36,170,996         27,221,914   27,221,914
Leases   15        516,836    516,836        492,504    492,504
Trade payables   16       46,269   46,269       98,625   98,625
Derivative financial instruments   17   69,472       69,472    101,822        101,822
Total       69,472     36,734,101   36,803,573    101,822     27,813,043   27,914,865
                             
Total Liabilities        486,407     55,098,354   55,584,761    101,822     45,558,662   45,660,484
Schedule of financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss
                       
Consolidated           12/31/2022           12/31/2021
  Level 1   Level 2   Balances   Level 1   Level 2   Balances
Assets                        
Current                        
Financial investments     1,184,895     1,184,895     2,383,059     2,383,059
Trading securities     9,596     9,596    12,028      12,028
Non-current                  
Investments    94,700      94,700     190,321       190,321
Total Assets     1,289,191     1,289,191     2,585,408     2,585,408
                         
Liabilities                        
Current                        
Derivative financial instruments          416,935     416,935         
Non-current                        
Derivative financial instruments         69,472    69,472          101,822     101,822
Total Liabilities          486,407     486,407          101,822     101,822
Schedule of foreign exchange exposure
       
        12/31/2021
Foreign Exchange Exposure   (Amounts in US$’000)   (Amounts in US$’000)
Cash and cash equivalents overseas    1,191,036     1,656,271
Trade receivables   315,920     212,424
Financial investments     26,930   23,748
Borrowings and financing    (4,594,471)    (3,866,290)
Trade payables     (366,149)    (613,961)
Others    (23,079)    (149,532)
Natural Gross Foreign Exchange Exposure (assets - liabilities)   (3,449,813)    (2,737,340)
Cash flow hedge accounting    4,409,760     2,655,350
Exchange rate swap CDI x Dollar     (67,000)     (67,000)
Exchange rate swap Real x Dollar     (115,000)     
Net foreign exchange exposure   777,947    (148,990)
Schedule of scenarios
               
                12/31/2022
Currency   Exchange rate   Probable scenario   Scenario 1   Scenario 2
USD   5.2177     5.2070     6.5221   7.8266
EUR   5.5694     5.5580     6.9618   8.3541
USD x EUR   1.0674     1.0674     1.3343   1.6011
Schedule of sensitivity analysis effects on income statement
                   
                    12/31/2022
Instruments   Notional   Risk   Probable scenario (*) R$
   Scenario 1 R$   Scenario 2 R$
                     
Gross exchange position     (3,449,813)   Dollar    36,913    (4,500,022)   (9,000,045)
                     
Cash flow hedge accounting   4,409,760   Dollar   (47,184)     5,752,201     11,504,402
                     
Exchange rate swap CDI x Dollar    (67,000)   Dollar   717     (87,396)   (174,793)
                     
Exchange rate swap Real x Dollar    (115,000)   Dollar   1,230   (150,009)   (300,018)
                     
Net exchange position     777,947   Dollar     (8,324)     1,014,774    2,029,546
(*)The probable scenarios were calculated considering the following variations for the risks: Real x Dollar – valuation of the Real by 0.21% / Real x Euro - valuation of the Real by 0.20% / Euro x Dollar - no variation. Source: Central Bank of Brazil and European Central Bank quotations on March 1, 2023.
Schedule of sensitivity analysis of interest rates
           
            12/31/2022
Interest   Interest rate   Scenario 1   Scenario 2
CDI   13.65%   17.06%   20.48%
TJLP   7.20%   9.00%   10.80%
LIBOR   5.14%   6.42%   7.71%
SELIC   13.75%   17.19%   20.63%
Schedule of effects on profit and loss
                       
                        Consolidated
Changes in interest rates   % p.a   Assets   Liabilities   Probable scenario (*)
   Scenario 1   Scenario 2
CDI   13.65     5,026,521    (14,249,092)    (10,481,452)    (10,796,172)    (11,110,892)
TJLP     7.20         (1,044,833)     (1,120,061)   (1,138,868)   (1,157,675)
Libor     5.14         (6,936,984)     (7,293,466)   (7,382,586)   (7,471,707)
Selic   13.75        (14,596)    (16,603)     (17,105)     (17,606)
(*)The sensitivity analysis is based on the premise of maintaining the market values as of December 31, 2022 as a probable scenario recorded in the company´s assets and liabilities.
Schedule of dollar x Euro swap
                                       
                12/31/2022   12/31/2022   12/31/2021   12/31/2022   12/31/2021   12/31/2022   12/31/2021
         Appreciation (R$)     Fair value (market)    Other income and expenses (note 27)   Other comprehensive income   Exchange variation
 Maturity     Notional     Asset position     Liability position     Amounts receivable / (payable)       
02/02/2021 to 10/02/2021 (Settled)    Platts                      (27,728)           16,790
05/31/2022 (Settled)    Platts                    23,374             (1,087)    
12/01/2022 to 12/31/2022    Platts     797,721   (873,385)     (75,664)   (75,664)           667    
01/01/2023 to 01/31/2023    Platts     1,098,354   (1,218,934)   (120,580)           120,580       (1,484)    
02/01/2023 to 02/28/2023    Platts     1,087,106   (1,197,361)   (110,255)           110,255       (1,244)    
03/01/2023 to 03/31/2023    Platts     696,149   (770,062)     (73,913)          73,913       (938)    
04/01/2023 to 04/30/2023    Platts     372,109   (385,572)     (13,463)          13,463       (131)    
05/01/2023 to 05/31/2023    Platts     392,861   (404,946)     (12,085)          12,085     (81)    
06/01/2023 to 06/30/2023    Platts     396,961   (407,934)     (10,973)          10,973     (35)    
         4,841,261   (5,258,194)   (416,933)   (52,290)    (27,728)     341,269       (4,333)     16,790
Schedule of fair value of cash flow accounting platts, net
             
  12/31/2021   Movement   Realization   12/31/2022
Cash flow hedge accounting  –  “Platts”      393,559     (52,290)    341,269
 Income tax and social contribution on cash flow hedge accounting     (133,810)   17,779   (116,031)
Fair Value of cash flow accounting - Platts, net      259,749     (34,511)    225,238
Schedule of sensitivity analysis for platts price risks
           
    12/31/2022
 Maturity     Probable scenario R$     Scenario 1 R$     Scenario 2 R$ 
01/01/2023 to 01/31/2023     (187,669)     (362,057)   (654,139)
02/01/2023 to 02/28/2023     (187,132)     (359,922)   (649,327)
03/01/2023 to 03/31/2023     (129,814)     (241,817)   (429,410)
04/01/2023 to 04/30/2023    (44,186)     (100,637)   (195,186)
05/01/2023 to 05/31/2023    (47,457)     (107,165)   (207,171)
06/01/2023 to 06/30/2023    (44,919)     (104,839)   (205,199)
      (641,177)     (1,276,437)   (2,340,432)
Schedule of hedging instruments
                                   
                                    12/31/2022
Designation Date   Hedging Instrument   Hedged item   Type of hedged risk   Hedged period   Exchange rate on designation   Designated amounts (US$’000)   Amortizated part (USD'000)   Effect on Result (*) (R$'000)   Impact on Shareholders' equity (R$'000)
07/23/2015   Export prepayments in US$ to third parties   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    August 2018 - October 2022      3.2850    30,000     (30,000)     (11,832)    
07/24/2015   Export prepayments in US$ to third parties   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    August 2018 - October 2022      3.3254   100,000   (100,000)    (39,382.00000)    -
07/27/2015   Export prepayments in US$ to third parties   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    August 2018 - October 2022      3.3557    25,000     (25,000)   (1,583.00000)    -
07/27/2015   Export prepayments in US$ to third parties   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    August 2018 - October 2022      3.3557    70,000     (70,000)    (26,068.00000)    -
07/27/2015   Export prepayments in US$ to third parties   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    August 2018 - October 2022      3.3557    30,000     (30,000)    (20,038.00000)    -
07/28/2015   Export prepayments in US$ to third parties   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    August 2018 - October 2022      3.3815    30,000     (30,000)    (11,253.00000)    -
3/8/2015   Export prepayments in US$ to third parties   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    July 2018 - October 2022      3.3940   355,000   (355,000)     (22,356)    -
2/4/2018   Bonds   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    July 2018 - February 2023      3.3104   1,170,045   (1,093,045)   (389,596)     290,375
07/31/2019   Bonds and Export prepayments in US$ to third parties   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    January 2020 - April 2026      3.7649   1,342,761   (829,661)   (770,870)     745,432
10/1/2020   Bonds   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    March 2027 - January 2028      4.0745   1,416,000   (1,287,000)     (67,766)     1,362,073
01/28/2020   Bonds   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    March 2027 - January 2028      4.2064   1,000,000   -   -     1,011,300
1/6/2022   Bonds and Export prepayments in US$ to third parties   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    June 2022 - April 2032      4.7289   1,145,300     (62,200)     (32,290)     529,419
1/6/2022   Export prepayments in US$ to third parties   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    June 2022 - May 2033      4.7289   878,640     (61,080)     (33,265)     399,623
1/12/2022   Bonds   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    December 2022 - June 2031      5.0360   490,000           89,033
1/12/2022   Advance on foreign exchange contract   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    December 2022 - November 2023      5.1643    60,000             3,204
1/12/2022   Advance on foreign exchange contract   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    December 2022 - December 2025      5.2565   100,000            (3,880)
1/12/2022   Advance on foreign exchange contract   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    December 2022 - January 2024      5.2660    50,000            (2,415)
1/12/2022   Advance on foreign exchange contract   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    December 2022 - November 2023      5.3270    20,000            (2,186)
1/12/2022   Export prepayments in US$ to third parties   Part of the highly probable future monthly iron ore exports   Foreign exchange - R$ vs. US$ spot rate    December 2022 - June 2027      5.0360    70,000           12,719
Total                       8,382,746   (3,972,986)   (1,426,299)     4,434,697
(*)The realization of Hedge accounting cash flow is recognized in Other operating income and expenses, note 27.
Schedule of hedge accounting movements
             
              Consolidated
  12/31/2021   Movement   Realization   12/31/2022
Cash flow hedge accounting 5,763,400     97,596   (1,426,299)   4,434,697
Income tax and social contribution on cash flow hedge accounting   (1,959,556)    (33,183)    484,942     (1,507,797)
Fair Value of cash flow accounting, net taxes 3,803,844     64,413   (941,357)   2,926,900
Schedule of contractual maturities of financial liabilities including interest
                 
                  Consolidated
At December 31, 2022 Less than one year   From one to two years   From two to five years   Over five years   Total
Borrowings, financing and debentures (note 13) 5,269,952   3,874,476    11,087,002    21,209,518    41,440,948
Lease Liabilities (note 15) 177,010   155,938   139,118   221,780   693,846
Derivative financial instruments (note 14 a) 416,935    69,472       486,407
Trade payables (note 16) 6,596,915    27,838    18,411     20   6,643,184
Trade payables - Drawee Risk (note 17) 5,709,069         5,709,069
Dividends and interest on equity (note 17) 611,307         611,307
   18,781,188   4,127,724    11,244,531    21,431,318    55,584,761
Schedule of Fair values of assets and liabilities in book value
             
      12/31/2022       12/31/2021
  Closing Balance   Fair value   Closing Balance   Fair value
Fixed Rate Notes   15,656,088   13,782,836     15,617,091   15,700,276
(*)Source: Bloomberg
Schedule of position of the derivatives
                                   
                            12/31/2022   12/31/2021   12/31/2020
                Appreciation (R$)   Fair value (market)   Impact on financial income (expenses) (note 28)
Instrument   Maturity   Functional Currency   Notional amount   Asset position   Liability position   Amounts receivable / (payable)  
Exchange rate swap                                    
                                     
Exchange rate swap Dollar x Euro    Settled    Dollar                      7,119     (9,672)
Exchange rate swap Dollar x Real   Settled    Dollar      100,000                  176,991     37,322    
Exchange rate swap CDI x Dollar    10/02/2023    Dollar     67,000   297,020   (355,025)    (58,005)    43,817   (9,960)    (106,143)
Exchange rate swap Real x Dollar   10/6/2027    Dollar      115,000   622,776   (634,243)    (11,467)   (11,467)        
Total Swap              282,000   919,796   (989,268)    (69,472)     209,341     34,481    (115,815)
                                  
Interest rate swap                                 
Interest rate (Debentures) CDI x IPCA   07/15/2031    Real      576,448   612,994   (649,635)    (36,641)   (67,471)    (17,432)    
Interest rate (Debentures) CDI x IPCA   07/15/2032    Real      745,000   813,924   (850,497)    (36,573)   (36,571)        
Interest rate (Debentures) CDI x IPCA   07/15/2036    Real      423,552   449,550   (492,040)    (42,490)   (25,057)    (17,488)    
Interest rate (Debentures) CDI x IPCA   07/15/2037    Real      655,382   691,974   (717,553)    (25,579)   (25,579)        
Interest rate (Debentures) CDI x IPCA   02/16/2032    Real      600,000   657,792   (666,223)   (8,431)   (24,089)        
Interest rate (Debentures) CDI x IPCA   12/2/2032    Real      600,000   658,086   (666,351)   (8,265)   (79,130)        
Total interest rate (Debentures) CDI x IPCA             3,600,382   3,884,320    (4,042,299)     (157,979)    (257,897)    (34,920)    
                                     
                4,804,116    (5,031,567)     (227,451)   (48,556)   (439)    (115,815)
Schedule of balance sheet and statement of income
                   
            12/31/2022   12/31/2021   12/31/2020
Instruments   Liabilities   Financial income (expenses), net (note 28)
  Non-current   Total  
Exchange rate swap (NDF) Dollar x real (settled)          176,991     37,322    
Exchange rate swap Dollar x Euro (Settled)               7,119   (9,070)
Exchange rate swap GBP x Euro                   (602)
Exchange rate swap CDI x Dollar      (58,005)   (58,005)     43,817   (9,960)     (106,143)
Interest rate swap CDI x IPCA    (157,979)    (157,979)     (257,897)    (34,920)    
     (227,451)    (227,451)    (48,556)   (439)     (115,815)
Schedule of other operating income and expenses
                                           
Class of shares   12/31/2022   12/31/2021   12/31/2022   12/31/2021   12/31/2020
  Quantity   Equity interest (%)   Share price   Closing Balance   Quantity   Equity interest (%)   Share price   Closing Balance   Profit or loss (notes 27 and 28)
USIM3   106,620,851   15.12%   7.41   790,061   106,620,851   15.12%     14.51    1,547,069   (757,008)    (121,593)   623,652
USIM5     55,144,456   10.07%   7.16   394,834     55,144,456   10.07%     15.16   835,990   (441,156)     506,890   566,837
                1,184,895                2,383,059    (1,198,164)     385,297   1,190,489
PATI3    2,705,726   11.31%    35.00     94,700    2,705,726   11.31%     70.34   190,321     (95,620)     109,254    12,579
                1,279,595                2,573,380    (1,293,784)     494,551   1,203,068
Schedule of sensitivity analysis for stock price risks
           
        12/31/2022
Class of shares   Probable scenario   Scenario 1   Scenario 2
    5%   25%   50%
 USIM3     (39,503)     (197,515)   (395,030)
 USIM5     (19,742)    (98,709)   (197,417)
 PATI3    (4,735)    (23,675)     (47,350)
Schedule of capital management
       
Thousands of reais   12/31/2022   12/31/2021
Shareholder's equity (equity)    21,907,929    23,374,389
Borrowings and Financing (Third-party capital)    40,918,742    32,507,522
Gross Debit/Shareholder's equity     1.87     1.39