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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Pay vs Performance Disclosure          
Pay vs Performance Disclosure, Table
Pay-Versus-Performance
The following table reports the compensation of our Principal Executive Officer (“PEO”) and the average compensation of the
non-PEO
named executive officers (“NEOs”) as reported in the “
Summary Compensation Table
” table (“SCT”) in our proxy statements for the past five fiscal years, as well as Compensation Actually Paid (“CAP”) as calculated under SEC
Pay-Versus-Performance
(“PVP”) rules and certain performance measures required by the rules. The disclosure covers our five most-recent fiscal years. Dollar amounts reported as CAP are computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation
S-K,
and these amounts do not reflect the actual amount of compensation earned by or paid to our PEO and other NEOs during the applicable years.
 
Year
(1)
  
SCT

Total for

PEO

($)
    
Compensation

Actually Paid

to PEO
(2)

($)
    
Average

SCT Total

for Non-

PEO

NEOs

($)
    
Average

Compensation

Actually Paid to

Non-PEO

NEOs
(2)

($)
    
Value of Initial Fixed $100

Investment Based on:
    
Net

Income

(in

thousands)

($)
    
Revenue
(4)

(in

thousands)

($)
  
 
Total

Shareholder

Return

($)
    
Peer Group

Total

Shareholder

Return
(3)

($)
  
(a)
  
(b)
    
(c)
    
(d)
    
(e)
    
(f)
    
(g)
    
(h)
    
(i)
  
2024     4,973,301       8,354,482       2,387,776       569,712       20       118       (159,595 )      178,957  
2023     8,904,267       2,745,457       4,257,240       1,361,275       16       119       (225,304 )      170,276  
2022     8,853,328       (1,144,530 )      4,316,929       (2,584,615 )      26       114       (200,368 )      185,308  
2021     8,751,617       (6,175,537 )      5,865,883       (3,112,380 )      94       126       (207,298 )      154,344  
2020     7,131,118       24,866,836       4,133,719       14,493,980       198       126       (146,227 )      98,382  
 
(1)
Mr. Robins served as our PEO in each year shown. The
non-PEO
NEOs reflected in columns (d) and (e) above represent the following individuals for each of the years shown:
 
  •  
2024 – Mr. Peterson (until his resignation in April 2024), Mr. Piskel (Mr. Piskel became Chief Financial Officer in April 2024), Dr. Benzeno, Dr. Robins and Ms. Rubinstein;
 
  •  
2023 – Mr. Peterson, Dr. Benzeno, Dr. Robins and Ms. Rubinstein;
 
  •  
2022 – Mr. Peterson (Mr. Peterson joined the Company in 2022), Dr. Benzeno, Dr. Robins, Ms. Rubinstein, Chad Cohen (until his resignation in February 2022) and Mr. Piskel (Mr. Piskel served as interim Chief Financial Officer until June 2022);
 
  •  
2021 – Mr. Cohen, Dr. Robins, Ms. Rubinstein and Nitin Sood (Mr. Sood joined the Company in 2021); and
 
  •  
2020 – Mr. Cohen, Dr. Robins, Ms. Rubinstein and Mark Adams, PhD (Mr. Adams joined the Company in 2020).
Biographical information for each of these individuals and their positions can be found above, or in the proxy for the year upon which compensation was reported, under the heading “
Executive Officers
.”
 
(2)
The “
Summary Compensation Table
” table totals reported for the PEO and the average of the
non-PEO
NEOs for each year were subject to the following adjustments per Item 402(v)(2)(iii) of Regulation
S-K
to calculate “Compensation Actually Paid”:
 
   
2024
    
2023
    
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
   
PEO
($)
  
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
    
PEO

($)
    
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
    
PEO

($)
    
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
    
PEO

($)
    
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
    
PEO

($)
    
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
  
Summary Compensation Table
   4,973,301     2,387,776       8,904,267       4,257,240       8,853,328       4,316,929       8,751,617       5,865,883       7,131,118       4,133,719  
Adjustments
                    
Deduction for Amounts Reported Under the “Stock Awards” and “Option Awards” Columns of the Summary Compensation Table
(a)
   (3,716,313)     (1,791,706 )      (7,900,711 )      (3,600,176 )      (7,668,040 )      (3,816,562 )      (7,592,784 )      (5,261,470 )      (6,013,620 )      (3,505,789 ) 
Increase (Decrease) for the Inclusion of Item 402(v) Equity Values
                    
Year-End
Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted During Year That Remained Unvested as of Last Day of Year
   5,928,967     2,924,160       3,859,556       1,929,580       4,260,108       3,475,247       4,773,662       3,685,849       11,996,993       7,112,321  
Change in Fair Value from Last Day of Prior Year to Last Day of Year of Unvested Equity Awards
   1,345,301     466,245       (2,116,270 )      (1,152,972 )      (3,341,668 )      (1,728,734 )      (7,548,036 )      (4,771,395 )      9,842,095       5,682,430  
Change in Fair Value of Prior Years’ Equity Awards that Vested During the Year
   (176,774)     (139,436 )      (1,385 )      (72,397 )      (3,248,258 )      (1,519,418 )      (4,559,996 )      (2,631,247 )      1,910,250       1,071,299  
Change in Value of Prior Years’ Equity Awards that Forfeited During the Year
   —      (3,277,327 )      —        —        —        (3,312,077 )      —        —        —        —   
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Compensation Actually Paid
  
8,354,482
  
 
569,712
 
  
 
2,745,457
 
  
 
1,361,275
 
  
 
(1,144,530
) 
  
 
(2,584,615
) 
  
 
(6,175,537
) 
  
 
(3,112,380
) 
  
 
24,866,836
 
  
 
14,493,980
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
  (a)
Amounts in this row reflect the aggregate grant date fair value of RSUs, PSUs and options computed in accordance with ASC 718, rather than the amounts paid or realized by the named individual. We
 
  provide information regarding the assumptions used to calculate the grant date fair value of our RSUs, PSUs and options in Note 14 to our audited consolidated financial statements filed with our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2024.
(3)
Peer group total shareholder return reflects the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index for all five fiscal years disclosed, which aligns with the peer group used in our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for each of these years.
(4)
Revenue was chosen from the following three most important financial performance measures used by us to link compensation actually paid to the PEO and
non-PEO
NEOs in 2024 to the Company’s performance:
       
Company Selected Measure Name Revenue        
Named Executive Officers, Footnote
(1)
Mr. Robins served as our PEO in each year shown. The
non-PEO
NEOs reflected in columns (d) and (e) above represent the following individuals for each of the years shown:
 
  •  
2024 – Mr. Peterson (until his resignation in April 2024), Mr. Piskel (Mr. Piskel became Chief Financial Officer in April 2024), Dr. Benzeno, Dr. Robins and Ms. Rubinstein;
 
  •  
2023 – Mr. Peterson, Dr. Benzeno, Dr. Robins and Ms. Rubinstein;
 
  •  
2022 – Mr. Peterson (Mr. Peterson joined the Company in 2022), Dr. Benzeno, Dr. Robins, Ms. Rubinstein, Chad Cohen (until his resignation in February 2022) and Mr. Piskel (Mr. Piskel served as interim Chief Financial Officer until June 2022);
 
  •  
2021 – Mr. Cohen, Dr. Robins, Ms. Rubinstein and Nitin Sood (Mr. Sood joined the Company in 2021); and
 
  •  
2020 – Mr. Cohen, Dr. Robins, Ms. Rubinstein and Mark Adams, PhD (Mr. Adams joined the Company in 2020).
       
Peer Group Issuers, Footnote Peer group total shareholder return reflects the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index for all five fiscal years disclosed, which aligns with the peer group used in our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for each of these years. 		       
PEO Total Compensation Amount $ 4,973,301 $ 8,904,267 $ 8,853,328 $ 8,751,617 $ 7,131,118
PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount $ 8,354,482 2,745,457 (1,144,530) (6,175,537) 24,866,836
Adjustment To PEO Compensation, Footnote
(2)
The “
Summary Compensation Table
” table totals reported for the PEO and the average of the
non-PEO
NEOs for each year were subject to the following adjustments per Item 402(v)(2)(iii) of Regulation
S-K
to calculate “Compensation Actually Paid”:
 
   
2024
    
2023
    
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
   
PEO
($)
  
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
    
PEO

($)
    
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
    
PEO

($)
    
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
    
PEO

($)
    
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
    
PEO

($)
    
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
  
Summary Compensation Table
   4,973,301     2,387,776       8,904,267       4,257,240       8,853,328       4,316,929       8,751,617       5,865,883       7,131,118       4,133,719  
Adjustments
                    
Deduction for Amounts Reported Under the “Stock Awards” and “Option Awards” Columns of the Summary Compensation Table
(a)
   (3,716,313)     (1,791,706 )      (7,900,711 )      (3,600,176 )      (7,668,040 )      (3,816,562 )      (7,592,784 )      (5,261,470 )      (6,013,620 )      (3,505,789 ) 
Increase (Decrease) for the Inclusion of Item 402(v) Equity Values
                    
Year-End
Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted During Year That Remained Unvested as of Last Day of Year
   5,928,967     2,924,160       3,859,556       1,929,580       4,260,108       3,475,247       4,773,662       3,685,849       11,996,993       7,112,321  
Change in Fair Value from Last Day of Prior Year to Last Day of Year of Unvested Equity Awards
   1,345,301     466,245       (2,116,270 )      (1,152,972 )      (3,341,668 )      (1,728,734 )      (7,548,036 )      (4,771,395 )      9,842,095       5,682,430  
Change in Fair Value of Prior Years’ Equity Awards that Vested During the Year
   (176,774)     (139,436 )      (1,385 )      (72,397 )      (3,248,258 )      (1,519,418 )      (4,559,996 )      (2,631,247 )      1,910,250       1,071,299  
Change in Value of Prior Years’ Equity Awards that Forfeited During the Year
   —      (3,277,327 )      —        —        —        (3,312,077 )      —        —        —        —   
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Compensation Actually Paid
  
8,354,482
  
 
569,712
 
  
 
2,745,457
 
  
 
1,361,275
 
  
 
(1,144,530
) 
  
 
(2,584,615
) 
  
 
(6,175,537
) 
  
 
(3,112,380
) 
  
 
24,866,836
 
  
 
14,493,980
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
        
Non-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation Amount $ 2,387,776 4,257,240 4,316,929 5,865,883 4,133,719
Non-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid Amount $ 569,712 1,361,275 (2,584,615) (3,112,380) 14,493,980
Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote
(2)
The “
Summary Compensation Table
” table totals reported for the PEO and the average of the
non-PEO
NEOs for each year were subject to the following adjustments per Item 402(v)(2)(iii) of Regulation
S-K
to calculate “Compensation Actually Paid”:
 
   
2024
    
2023
    
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
   
PEO
($)
  
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
    
PEO

($)
    
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
    
PEO

($)
    
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
    
PEO

($)
    
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
    
PEO

($)
    
Average for

non-PEO

NEOs

($)
  
Summary Compensation Table
   4,973,301     2,387,776       8,904,267       4,257,240       8,853,328       4,316,929       8,751,617       5,865,883       7,131,118       4,133,719  
Adjustments
                    
Deduction for Amounts Reported Under the “Stock Awards” and “Option Awards” Columns of the Summary Compensation Table
(a)
   (3,716,313)     (1,791,706 )      (7,900,711 )      (3,600,176 )      (7,668,040 )      (3,816,562 )      (7,592,784 )      (5,261,470 )      (6,013,620 )      (3,505,789 ) 
Increase (Decrease) for the Inclusion of Item 402(v) Equity Values
                    
Year-End
Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted During Year That Remained Unvested as of Last Day of Year
   5,928,967     2,924,160       3,859,556       1,929,580       4,260,108       3,475,247       4,773,662       3,685,849       11,996,993       7,112,321  
Change in Fair Value from Last Day of Prior Year to Last Day of Year of Unvested Equity Awards
   1,345,301     466,245       (2,116,270 )      (1,152,972 )      (3,341,668 )      (1,728,734 )      (7,548,036 )      (4,771,395 )      9,842,095       5,682,430  
Change in Fair Value of Prior Years’ Equity Awards that Vested During the Year
   (176,774)     (139,436 )      (1,385 )      (72,397 )      (3,248,258 )      (1,519,418 )      (4,559,996 )      (2,631,247 )      1,910,250       1,071,299  
Change in Value of Prior Years’ Equity Awards that Forfeited During the Year
   —      (3,277,327 )      —        —        —        (3,312,077 )      —        —        —        —   
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Compensation Actually Paid
  
8,354,482
  
 
569,712
 
  
 
2,745,457
 
  
 
1,361,275
 
  
 
(1,144,530
) 
  
 
(2,584,615
) 
  
 
(6,175,537
) 
  
 
(3,112,380
) 
  
 
24,866,836
 
  
 
14,493,980
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
        
Compensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return LOGO        
Compensation Actually Paid vs. Net Income LOGO        
Compensation Actually Paid vs. Company Selected Measure LOGO        
Total Shareholder Return Vs Peer Group LOGO        
Tabular List, Table
Performance Metrics
Revenue    Refer to “
Incentive Compensation and 2024 Goals Achievement
” under “
Compensation Discussion and Analysis-Elements of Executive Compensation
”
Operating Expenses    Refer to “
Incentive Compensation and 2024 Goals Achievement
” under “
Compensation Discussion and Analysis-Elements of Executive Compensation
”
TSR    Refer to “
Establishing Target Equity Values and Equity Structure for our Executives
” under “
Compensation Discussion and Analysis-Executive Compensation Design and Philosophy
”
        
Total Shareholder Return Amount $ 20 16 26 94 198
Peer Group Total Shareholder Return Amount 118 119 114 126 126
Net Income (Loss) $ (159,595,000) $ (225,304,000) $ (200,368,000) $ (207,298,000) $ (146,227,000)
Company Selected Measure Amount 178,957,000 170,276,000 185,308,000 154,344,000 98,382,000
PEO Name Mr. Robins        
Measure:: 1          
Pay vs Performance Disclosure          
Name Revenue        
Measure:: 2          
Pay vs Performance Disclosure          
Name Operating Expenses        
Measure:: 3          
Pay vs Performance Disclosure          
Name TSR        
PEO | Aggregate Grant Date Fair Value of Equity Award Amounts Reported in Summary Compensation Table          
Pay vs Performance Disclosure          
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount $ (3,716,313) $ (7,900,711) $ (7,668,040) $ (7,592,784) $ (6,013,620)
PEO | Year-end Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Covered Year that are Outstanding and Unvested          
Pay vs Performance Disclosure          
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount 5,928,967 3,859,556 4,260,108 4,773,662 11,996,993
PEO | Year-over-Year Change in Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Years That are Outstanding and Unvested          
Pay vs Performance Disclosure          
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount 1,345,301 (2,116,270) (3,341,668) (7,548,036) 9,842,095
PEO | Vesting Date Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted and Vested in Covered Year          
Pay vs Performance Disclosure          
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount (176,774) (1,385) (3,248,258) (4,559,996) 1,910,250
Non-PEO NEO | Aggregate Grant Date Fair Value of Equity Award Amounts Reported in Summary Compensation Table          
Pay vs Performance Disclosure          
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount (1,791,706) (3,600,176) (3,816,562) (5,261,470) (3,505,789)
Non-PEO NEO | Year-end Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Covered Year that are Outstanding and Unvested          
Pay vs Performance Disclosure          
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount 2,924,160 1,929,580 3,475,247 3,685,849 7,112,321
Non-PEO NEO | Year-over-Year Change in Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Years That are Outstanding and Unvested          
Pay vs Performance Disclosure          
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount 466,245 (1,152,972) (1,728,734) (4,771,395) 5,682,430
Non-PEO NEO | Vesting Date Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted and Vested in Covered Year          
Pay vs Performance Disclosure          
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount (139,436) $ (72,397) (1,519,418) $ (2,631,247) $ 1,071,299
Non-PEO NEO | Change in Fair Value as of Vesting Date of Prior Year Equity Awards Vested in Covered Year          
Pay vs Performance Disclosure          
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount $ (3,277,327)   $ (3,312,077)