Goodwill — As a result of a triggering event in the first quarter of 2020, we fully impaired our remaining goodwill balance, and as a result, we had no goodwill balance as of December 31, 2021 or December 31, 2022. At times when we have a goodwill balance, we are required to evaluate goodwill at least annually as of December 31, or when circumstances require, to determine if the fair value of recorded goodwill has decreased below its carrying value. For impairment testing purposes, goodwill is evaluated at the reporting unit level. Our reporting units for impairment testing are our operating segments. We determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value after considering qualitative, market and other factors, and if this is the case, any necessary goodwill impairment is determined using a quantitative impairment test. From time to time, we may perform quantitative testing for goodwill impairment in lieu of performing the qualitative assessment. If the resulting fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of goodwill, an impairment loss would be recognized for the amount of the shortfall.

Intangible Assets — Our intangible assets were recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition and are amortized on a straight-line basis. The following table identifies the segment and weighted average useful life of each of our intangible assets:

During 2021, we achieved certain internal advancements in our directional drilling technology that have rendered obsolete certain technology acquired as part of the MS Directional acquisition. Accordingly, we recorded a charge of $11.4 million to abandon these developed technology intangibles and certain related internal use software.

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):


	2022							2021
	Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Carrying		Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Carrying
	Amount		Amortization			Amount		Amount		Amortization			Amount
Developed technology	$	7,772	$	(3,773	)	$	3,999	$	55,772	$	(50,996	)	$	4,776
Other		3,250		(1,404	)		1,846		4,135		(1,374	)		2,761
Intangible assets, net	$	11,022	$	(5,177	)	$	5,845	$	59,907	$	(52,370	)	$	7,537

Amortization and impairment expense on intangible assets of approximately $1.3 million, $24.0 million, and $19.3 million was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which included an $11.4 million impairment in 2021. The remaining amortization expense associated with finite-lived intangible assets is expected to be as follows (in thousands):


Year ending December 31,
2023	$	1,454
2024		1,454
2025		1,269
2026		777
2027		777
Thereafter		114
Total	$	5,845

Weighted Average

Useful Life

(in years)

Developed technology

Directional drilling

Directional drilling and Other operations