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Recent Accounting Developments (Policies) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Recent Accounting Developments | Recent Accounting Developments Recently Issued We have adopted guidance under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all related ASUs (collectively "ASC 606") as of January 1, 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective method of adoption. The adoption date for our material equity method investment in the Poseidon Oil Pipeline Company, LLC will follow the non-public business entity adoption date of January 1, 2019 for its stand-alone financial statements. Refer to Note 3 for further details. In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance to improve the transparency and comparability among companies by requiring lessees to recognize a lease liability and a corresponding lease asset for virtually all lease contracts. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about leasing arrangements. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and requires a modified retrospective approach to adoption. Our team has reviewed the practical expedients we expect to apply as part of the implementation of the new standard. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11 as a targeted improvement on the new leasing standard, which provides an additional (and optional) method to adopt the new leasing standard. Under this new transition method, an entity will only apply the new lease standard at the date of adoption while comparative periods will be presented under the previous lease guidance (Topic 840). We plan to adopt this method for our transition. Additionally, we currently plan to elect to take the "package" of practical expedients set out in the standard, which must be elected together. The items within the package stipulate that an entity need not reassess: (1) if expired or existing contracts contain leases, (2) lease classification for previously assessed leases under ASC 840, and (3) initial direct costs for existing leases. The standard allows for a practical expedient relating to the separation of lease and non-lease components when applying ASC 842. This expedient is made as a policy election based on asset class and is applied to all items within the class. We have elected to adopt this expedient as part of our transition and implementation. Our team is still evaluating which asset classes will have such a policy election. As it relates to easements and right of ways, a practical expedient is permitted where companies can elect to continue to apply its current accounting policy for all land easements that exist or expire prior to the adoption date. We plan to take this expedient and will continue to apply our current accounting treatment to existing easements. An additional expedient offered by the new standard is the hindsight expedient, which allows an entity to use hindsight when determining a lease term, including options to renew or terminate as well as impairment for right-of-use assets. We do not plan to utilize this practical expedient. Lastly, our implementation team is in the process of identifying our complete lease population and evaluating the application of this guidance. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 addresses how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash flow, and other Topics. ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2017. We have adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018 using the retrospective transition method to each period presented on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We reclassified $11.4 million from operating cash flows to investing cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715). ASU 2017-07 requires employers to separate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost in the period. The new standard requires the other components of net benefit costs (excluding service costs), be reclassified to "Other expense" from "General and administrative." We adopted this standard as of January 1, 2018. This standard is applied retrospectively. The effect was not material to our financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Adoption of ASC 606 and its related Transition Effects The modified retrospective method of adoption required us to apply ASC 606 to all new revenue contracts entered into after January 1, 2018 and revenue contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Our consolidated revenues for periods prior to January 1, 2018 were not revised and the cumulative effect of our adoption of ASC 606 was recorded as an adjustment to partners' capital at January 1, 2018. The effects of changes pursuant to ASC 606 in the tables above are attributable to our offshore pipeline transportation services operating segment and our sodium minerals and sulfur services operating segment. In our offshore pipeline transportation services segment, we have certain contracts with customers that contain tiered pricing structures that are dependent upon reaching certain cumulative milestones of throughput volumes on our pipelines. In addition, we have a contract that contains fixed and variable consideration for us to stand ready and provide reservation capacity for a fixed minimum quantity on our pipeline. Pursuant to the new guidance, we have allocated our estimated total transaction price over the life of the contract to the related performance obligation and recognized the effects in our Consolidated Financial Statements. In our sodium minerals and sulfur services operating segment, specifically our legacy refinery services business, we have two distinct performance obligations, including the completion of our refinery sulfur removal process, for which we receive in-kind consideration, and our sale of NaHS to our customers. Due to this, we have recorded revenue and the related cost of sales in the Consolidated Financial Statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 for services performed for the in-kind consideration for our services. Transaction Price Allocations to Remaining Performance Obligations We are required to disclose the amount of our transaction prices that are allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations as of September 30, 2018. However, ASC 606 does provide the following practical expedients and exemptions that we utilized:
1) | Performance obligations that are part of a contract with an expected duration of one year or less;
2) | Revenue recognized from the satisfaction of performance obligations where we have a right to consideration in an amount that corresponds directly with the value provided to customers; and
3) | Contracts that contain variable consideration, such as index-based pricing or variable volumes, that is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that is part of a series.
We apply these practical expedients and exemptions to our revenue streams recognized over time. The majority of our contracts qualify for one of these expedients or exemptions. After considering these practical expedients and identifying the remaining contract types that involve revenue recognition over a long-term period and include long-term fixed consideration (adjusted for indexing as required), we determined our allocations of transaction price that relate to unsatisfied performance obligations. As it relates to our tiered pricing offshore transportation contracts, we provide firm capacity for both fixed and variable consideration over a long term period. Therefore, we have allocated the remaining contract value (as estimated and discussed above) to future periods. Similarly, in our marine transportation segment, our contract related to our M/T American Phoenix contains minimum fixed consideration over the life of the contract, which ends in September 2020. In our onshore facilities and transportation segment, we have certain contractual arrangements in which we receive fixed minimum payments for our obligation to provide minimum capacity on our pipelines and related assets. The Company recognizes revenue upon the satisfaction of its performance obligations under its contracts. The timing of revenue recognition varies for the revenue streams described in more detail below. In general, the timing includes recognition of revenue over time as services are being performed as well as recognition of revenue at a point in time, for delivery of products. Fee-based Revenues We provide a variety of fee-based transportation and logistics services to our customers across several of our reportable segments as outlined below. Service contracts generally contain a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer over the contract period, and therefore qualify as a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time. The customer receives and consumes the benefit of our services simultaneous with the provision of those services. Offshore Pipeline Transportation Revenue from our offshore pipelines is generally based upon a fixed fee per unit of volume (typically per Mcf of natural gas or per barrel of crude oil) gathered, transported, or processed for each volume delivered. Fees are based either on contractual arrangements or tariffs regulated by the FERC. These contracts include a single performance obligation to stand ready, on a monthly basis, to provide capacity on our assets. Revenue associated with these fee-based services is recognized as volumes are delivered over the performance obligation period. In addition to the offshore pipeline transportation revenue discussed above, we also have certain contracts with customers in which we earn either demand-type fees or firm capacity reservation fees. These fees are charged to a customer regardless of the volume the customer actually delivers to the platform or through the pipeline. In addition to these offshore pipeline transportation services revenue streams, we also have certain customer contracts in which the transportation fee has a tiered pricing structure based on cumulative milestones of throughput on the related pipeline asset and contract, or on a specified date. The performance obligation for these contracts is to transport, gather or process commodity volumes for the customer based on firm (stand ready) service or from monthly nominations made by our customers, which can also be on an interruptible basis. While our transportation rate changes when milestones are achieved for certain cumulative throughput, the performance obligation satisfied by us does not change throughout the life of the contract. Therefore revenue is recognized on an average rate basis throughout the life of the contract. We have estimated the total consideration to be received under the contract beginning at the contract inception date based on the estimated volumes (including certain minimum volumes we are required to stand ready for), price indexing, estimated production or contracted volumes, and the contract period. We have constrained the estimates of variable consideration such that it is probable that a significant reversal of previously recognized revenue will not occur throughout the life of the contract. These estimates will be reassessed at each reporting period as required. Billings to our customers are reflected at the contract rate. The difference between the consideration received from our customers from invoicing compared to the revenue recognized creates a contract asset or liability. In circumstances where the estimated average contract rate is less than the billed current price tier in the contract, we will recognize a contract liability. In circumstances where the estimated average contract rate is higher than the billed current price tier in the contract, we will recognize a contract asset. Onshore Facilities and Transportation Within our onshore facilities and transportation segment, we provide our customers with pipeline transportation, terminalling services, and rail loading/unloading services, among others, primarily on a per barrel fee basis. Revenues from contracts for the transportation of crude oil by our pipelines are based on actual volumes at a published tariff and some contain minimum throughput provisions which reset within one year. We recognize revenues for transportation and other services over the performance obligation period, which is the contract term. Revenues for both firm and interruptible transportation and other services are recognized over time as the product is delivered to the agreed upon delivery point or at the point of receipt because they specifically relate to our efforts to transfer the distinct services. Pricing for our services is determined through a variety of mechanisms, including specified contract pricing or regulated tariff pricing. Consideration to be received by us under these contracts is variable, as the total volume of the commodity to be transported is unknown at contract inception. At the end of a day or month (as specified in the contract), both the price and volume are known (or “fixed”) in order to allow us to accurately calculate the amount of consideration we are entitled to invoice. The measurement of these services and invoicing occurs on a monthly basis. Pipeline Loss Allowances In order to compensate us for bearing the risk of volumetric losses of crude oil in transit in our pipelines (for our onshore and offshore pipelines) due to temperature, crude quality, and the inherent difficulties of measurement of liquids in a pipeline, our tariffs and agreements include the right for us to make volumetric deductions from the customer for quality and volumetric fluctuations. We refer to these deductions as pipeline loss allowances ("PLA"). We compare these allowances to the actual volumetric gains and losses of the pipeline and the net gain or loss is recorded as revenue or a reduction of revenue. As the allowance is related to our pipeline transportation services, the performance obligation is the obligation to transport and deliver the barrels and is considered a single obligation. When net gains occur, we have crude oil inventory. When net losses occur, we reduce any recorded inventory on hand and record a liability for the purchase of crude oil required to replace the lost volumes. Under ASC 606, we record excess oil as non-cash consideration at the lower of the recorded value or the market value and include this amount in the transaction price. The crude oil in inventory can then be sold at current prevailing market prices, resulting in additional revenue if the sales price exceeds the inventory value when control transfers to the customer. Marine Transportation Our marine transportation business consists of revenues from the inland and offshore marine transportation of heavy refined petroleum products, asphalt and crude oil, using our barges or vessels. This revenue is recognized over the passage of time of individual trips as determined on an individual contract basis. Revenue from these contracts is typically based on a set day-rate or a set fee per cargo movement. The costs of fuel and certain other operational costs may be directly reimbursed by the customer, if stipulated in the contract. A performance obligation is driven by providing transportation services using our vessels for a single day either under a term or spot based contract. The transaction price is usually fixed per the contract either as a day rate or as a lump sum to be allocated over days required to complete the service. Revenue is recognizable as the transportation service utilizing our vessels occurs, as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes these services as they are provided. If provided in the contract, certain items such as fuel or operational costs can be rebilled to the customer in the same period in which the costs are incurred. In the event the timing of a trip to provide our services crosses a reporting period under a lump sum fee contract, the revenue earned is accrued based on the progress completed in the current period on the related performance obligation as we are entitled to payment for each day. Customer invoicing occurs at the completion of a trip, or earlier at the customer’s request. Product Sales Sodium Minerals and Sulfur Services Product sales in our sodium minerals and sulfur services segment primarily involve the sales of caustic soda, NaHS, soda ash and other alkali products. As it relates to revenue recognition, these sales transactions contain a single performance obligation, which is the delivery of the product to the customer at the agreed upon point of sale. For some transactions, control of product transfers to the customer at the shipping point, but we are obligated to arrange for shipment of the product as directed by the customer. Rather than treat these shipping activities as separate performance obligations, our policy is to account for them as fulfillment costs in accordance with ASC 606. The transaction price for these product sales are determined by specific contracts, typically at a fixed rate or based on a market or indexed rate. This pricing is known, or is “fixed,” at the time of revenue recognition. Invoicing and related payment terms are in accordance with industry standard or contract specification based on final pricing. The entirety of the transaction price is allocated to the performance obligation which is delivery of the product at the agreed upon point of sale. As this type of revenue is earned at a point in time, there is no allocation of transaction price to future performance obligations. Onshore Facilities and Transportation Product sales in our onshore facilities and transportation segment primarily involve the sales of crude oil and petroleum products. These contracts contain a single performance obligation, which is the delivery of the product to the customer at a specified location. These contracts are settled on a monthly basis for term contracts, or on a spot basis. Invoicing and related payment terms are in accordance with industry standard or contract specification based on final pricing. Pricing is designated within the contracts and is either fixed, index-based or formulaic, utilizing an average price for the month or for a specified range of days, regardless of when delivery occurs. In either case, pricing is known at the time of invoicing. The entirety of the consideration is allocated to a single performance obligation which is delivery of the product to a specified location. As this type of revenue is earned at a point in time, there is no allocation of transaction price to future performance obligations. Refinery Services Our refinery services business primarily provides sulfur extraction services to refiners’ high sulfur (or “sour”) gas streams that the refineries have generated from crude oil processing operations. Our process applies our proprietary technology, which uses caustic soda to act as a scrubbing agent under prescribed temperature and pressure to remove sulfur. The technology returns a clean (sulfur-free) hydrocarbon stream to the refinery for further processing into refined products, and simultaneously produces NaHS. Units of NaHS are produced ratably as a gas stream is processed. We obtain control and ownership of the NaHS immediately upon production which constitutes the sole consideration received for our sulfur removal services. We later market this product to third parties as part of our product sales, as described above. As part of some of our arrangements, we pay a refinery access fee (“RSA fee”) for any benefits received by virtue of our plant’s proximity to the customer’s refinery. Our RSA fee is recorded as a reduction of revenue. Providing sulfur removal services is the singular performance obligation in our refinery service agreements. As our customers simultaneously receive and consume the refinery service benefits, control is transferred and revenue is recognized over time based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligations. We use units of NaHS produced during a period to measure progress as the amount we receive corresponds directly with the efforts to provide our services completed to date. The transaction price for each performance obligation is determined using the fair value of a unit of NaHS on the contract inception date for each refinery services agreement. Accordingly, we record the value of NaHS received as non-cash consideration in inventory until it is subsequently sold to our customers (see Product Sales, above).

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