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Other Expense, net
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Other Expense, net  
Other Expense, net

15.  Other Expense, net

Other expense, net for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 included the following:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

2017

    

2016

    

2015

 

Restructuring, asset impairment and other charges

 

$

77

 

$

104

 

$

75

 

Intangible amortization expense

 

 

41

 

 

39

 

 

21

 

Impairment of equity investment

 

 

 

 

 

25

 

 

 

 

Charge for asbestos related costs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16

 

Gain on China land compensation

 

 

 

 

 

(71)

 

 

 

 

Royalty income

 

 

(11)

 

 

(13)

 

 

(12)

 

Strategic transaction costs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23

 

Acquisition-related fair value intangible adjustments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10

 

Foreign currency exchange loss (gain)

 

 

 5

 

 

 6

 

 

(10)

 

Other expense (income)

 

 

(7)

 

 

(14)

 

 

(12)

 

 

 

$

105

 

$

76

 

$

111

 

In 2016, the Company evaluated the future estimated earnings and cash flow of an equity investment and determined that it was other-than-temporarily impaired. As such, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $25 million to reduce its carrying value down to its estimated fair value. The Company classified the significant assumptions used to determine the fair value of the impaired assets as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as set forth in the general accounting principles for fair value measurements.