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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended

June 30, 2019

or

| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 1-9576

OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
Delaware | ​ | 22-2781933
(State or other jurisdiction of | ​ | (IRS Employer
incorporation or organization) | ​ | Identification No.)

​

​

​ | ​ | ​
One Michael Owens Way, Perrysburg, Ohio | ​ | 43551
(Address of principal executive offices) | ​ | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (567) 336-5000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value | OI | New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ | Accelerated filer ☐ | Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☐ | Emerging growth company ☐ | ​

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of common stock, par value $.01, of Owens-Illinois, Inc. outstanding as of June 30, 2019 was 155,456,952.

​

​

Part I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

​

Item 1. Financial Statements.

​

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Owens-Illinois, Inc. (the “Company”) presented herein are unaudited but, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments necessary to present fairly such information for the periods and at the dates indicated. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Because the following unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Article 10 of Regulation S-X, they do not contain all information and footnotes normally contained in annual consolidated financial statements; accordingly, they should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto appearing in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

​

1

OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended | ​ | Six months ended | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | June 30, | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
Net sales | ​ | $ | 1,756 | ​ | $ | 1,772 | ​ | $ | 3,393 | ​ | $ | 3,508 | ​ | ​
Cost of goods sold | ​ |  | (1,420) | ​ |  | (1,426) | ​ |  | (2,760) | ​ |  | (2,843) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Gross profit | ​ |  | 336 | ​ | ​ | 346 | ​ | ​ | 633 | ​ | ​ | 665 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Selling and administrative expense | ​ |  | (116) | ​ | ​ | (126) | ​ | ​ | (231) | ​ | ​ | (252) | ​ | ​
Research, development and engineering expense | ​ |  | (18) | ​ | ​ | (17) | ​ | ​ | (34) | ​ | ​ | (33) | ​ | ​
Interest expense, net | ​ |  | (68) | ​ | ​ | (74) | ​ | ​ | (132) | ​ | ​ | (136) | ​ | ​
Equity earnings | ​ |  | 19 | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​ | 38 | ​ | ​ | 38 | ​ | ​
Other expense, net | ​ |  | (55) | ​ | ​ | (72) | ​ | ​ | (65) | ​ | ​ | (69) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | ​ |  | 98 | ​ |  | 78 | ​ |  | 209 | ​ |  | 213 | ​ | ​
Provision for income taxes | ​ |  | (27) | ​ | ​ | (22) | ​ | ​ | (54) | ​ | ​ | (54) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Earnings from continuing operations | ​ |  | 71 | ​ |  | 56 | ​ |  | 155 | ​ |  | 159 | ​ | ​
Loss from discontinued operations | ​ |  | (1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net earnings | ​ |  | 70 | ​ |  | 56 | ​ |  | 154 | ​ |  | 158 | ​ | ​
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests | ​ |  | (5) | ​ | ​ | (6) | ​ | ​ | (10) | ​ | ​ | (11) | ​ | ​
Net earnings attributable to the Company | ​ | $ | 65 | ​ | $ | 50 | ​ | $ | 144 | ​ | $ | 147 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Amounts attributable to the Company: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Earnings from continuing operations | ​ | $ | 66 | ​ | $ | 50 | ​ | $ | 145 | ​ | $ | 148 | ​ | ​
Loss from discontinued operations | ​ |  | (1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ |  | (1) | ​ | ​
Net earnings | ​ | $ | 65 | ​ | $ | 50 | ​ | $ | 144 | ​ | $ | 147 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic earnings per share: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Earnings from continuing operations | ​ | $ | 0.42 | ​ | $ | 0.31 | ​ | $ | 0.94 | ​ | $ | 0.91 | ​ | ​
Loss from discontinued operations | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (0.01) | ​ |  | (0.01) | ​ | ​
Net earnings | ​ | $ | 0.42 | ​ | $ | 0.31 | ​ | $ | 0.93 | ​ | $ | 0.90 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average shares outstanding (thousands) | ​ | ​ | 155,338 | ​ | ​ | 160,858 | ​ | ​ | 154,852 | ​ | ​ | 161,904 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Diluted earnings per share: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Earnings from continuing operations | ​ | $ | 0.42 | ​ | $ | 0.31 | ​ | $ | 0.93 | ​ | $ | 0.90 | ​ | ​
Loss from discontinued operations | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (0.01) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Net earnings | ​ | $ | 0.42 | ​ | $ | 0.31 | ​ | $ | 0.92 | ​ | $ | 0.90 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding (thousands) | ​ | ​ | 156,471 | ​ | ​ | 162,712 | ​ | ​ | 156,555 | ​ | ​ | 163,964 | ​ | ​

​

See accompanying notes.

​

2

OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Dollars in millions)

(Unaudited)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended | ​ | Six months ended | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | June 30, | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
Net earnings | ​ | $ | 70 | ​ | $ | 56 | ​ | $ | 154 | ​ | $ | 158 | ​ | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Foreign currency translation adjustments | ​ |  | 1 | ​ | ​ | (268) | ​ | ​ | 50 | ​ | ​ | (141) | ​ | ​
Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax | ​ |  | 16 | ​ | ​ | 29 | ​ | ​ | 22 | ​ | ​ | 36 | ​ | ​
Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net of tax | ​ |  | (9) | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | (6) | ​ | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | (240) | ​ | ​ | 68 | ​ | ​ | (111) | ​ | ​
Total comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | ​ | 78 | ​ | ​ | (184) | ​ | ​ | 222 | ​ | ​ | 47 | ​ | ​
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | ​ |  | 7 | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company | ​ | $ | 85 | ​ | $ | (175) | ​ | $ | 221 | ​ | $ | 45 | ​ | ​

​

See accompanying notes.

​

3

OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in millions)

(Unaudited)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | December 31, | ​ | June 30,
​ | ​ | 2019 | ​ | 2018 | ​ | 2018
Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 371 | ​ | $ | 512 | ​ | $ | 365
Trade receivables, net of allowance of $34 million, $35 million, and $35 million at June 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018 | ​ |  | 1,275 | ​ |  | 549 | ​ |  | 1,026
Inventories | ​ |  | 1,015 | ​ |  | 1,018 | ​ |  | 985
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ​ |  | 282 | ​ |  | 278 | ​ |  | 248
Total current assets | ​ |  | 2,943 | ​ |  | 2,357 | ​ |  | 2,624
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Property, plant and equipment, net | ​ | ​ | 3,216 | ​ | ​ | 3,085 | ​ | ​ | 3,025
Goodwill | ​ | ​ | 2,527 | ​ | ​ | 2,513 | ​ | ​ | 2,533
Intangibles, net | ​ | ​ | 422 | ​ | ​ | 400 | ​ | ​ | 419
Other assets | ​ | ​ | 1,615 | ​ | ​ | 1,344 | ​ | ​ | 1,217
Total assets | ​ | $ | 10,723 | ​ | $ | 9,699 | ​ | $ | 9,818
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Liabilities and Share owners' equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts payable | ​ | $ | 1,074 | ​ | $ | 1,321 | ​ | $ | 1,088
Short-term loans and long-term debt due within one year | ​ | ​ | 96 | ​ | ​ | 160 | ​ | ​ | 291
Current portion of asbestos-related liabilities | ​ | ​ | 135 | ​ | ​ | 160 | ​ | ​ | 100
Other liabilities | ​ | ​ | 624 | ​ | ​ | 566 | ​ | ​ | 576
Other liabilities - discontinued operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 115
Total current liabilities | ​ |  | 1,929 | ​ |  | 2,207 | ​ |  | 2,170
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Long-term debt | ​ | ​ | 6,235 | ​ | ​ | 5,181 | ​ | ​ | 5,377
Asbestos-related liabilities | ​ | ​ | 364 | ​ | ​ | 442 | ​ | ​ | 456
Other long-term liabilities | ​ | ​ | 1,105 | ​ | ​ | 969 | ​ | ​ | 916
Share owners' equity | ​ | ​ | 1,090 | ​ | ​ | 900 | ​ | ​ | 899
Total liabilities and share owners' equity | ​ | $ | 10,723 | ​ | $ | 9,699 | ​ | $ | 9,818
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

See accompanying notes.

​

4

OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS

(Dollars in millions)

(Unaudited)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Six months ended June 30, | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
Cash flows from operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net earnings | ​ | $ | 154 | ​ | $ | 158 | ​ | ​
Loss from discontinued operations | ​ |  | 1 | ​ |  | 1 | ​ | ​
Non-cash charges | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 253 | ​ | ​ | 254 | ​ | ​
Pension expense | ​ |  | 16 | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​ | ​
Restructuring, asset impairment and related charges | ​ |  | 32 | ​ | ​ | 70 | ​ | ​
Pension settlement charges | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash payments | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pension contributions | ​ |  | (19) | ​ | ​ | (18) | ​ | ​
Asbestos-related payments | ​ |  | (103) | ​ | ​ | (26) | ​ | ​
Cash paid for restructuring activities | ​ |  | (29) | ​ | ​ | (12) | ​ | ​
Change in components of working capital | ​ |  | (939) | ​ | ​ | (586) | ​ | ​
Other, net (a) | ​ | ​ | (30) | ​ | ​ | (8) | ​ | ​
Cash utilized in operating activities | ​ |  | (662) | ​ |  | (150) | ​ | ​
Cash utilized in discontinued operating activities | ​ |  | (1) | ​ |  | (1) | ​ | ​
Total cash utilized in operating activities | ​ |  | (663) | ​ |  | (151) | ​ | ​
Cash flows from investing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash payments for property, plant and equipment | ​ |  | (233) | ​ | ​ | (273) | ​ | ​
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | ​ |  | (157) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Contributions and advances to joint ventures | ​ | ​ | (22) | ​ | ​ | (25) | ​ | ​
Net cash proceeds on disposal of assets | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​
Other, net | ​ |  | 1 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​
Cash utilized in investing activities | ​ |  | (410) | ​ |  | (287) | ​ | ​
Cash flows from financing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Changes in borrowings, net | ​ | ​ | 970 | ​ | ​ | 437 | ​ | ​
Treasury shares repurchased | ​ | ​ | (38) | ​ | ​ | (95) | ​ | ​
Payment of finance fees | ​ | ​ | (8) | ​ | ​ | (12) | ​ | ​
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | ​ | ​ | (7) | ​ | ​ | (8) | ​ | ​
Dividends paid | ​ | ​ | (16) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net cash proceeds for hedging activity | ​ | ​ | 28 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other, net | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash provided by financing activities | ​ |  | 926 | ​ |  | 322 | ​ | ​
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash | ​ |  | 6 | ​ | ​ | (11) | ​ | ​
Decrease in cash | ​ |  | (141) | ​ |  | (127) | ​ | ​
Cash at beginning of period | ​ |  | 512 | ​ | ​ | 492 | ​ | ​
Cash at end of period | ​ | $ | 371 | ​ | $ | 365 | ​ | ​

(a) | Other, net includes other non-cash charges plus other changes in non-current assets and liabilities.

​

See accompanying notes.

​

5

OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Tabular data dollars in millions, except per share amounts

​

1. Segment Information

The Company has three reportable segments and three operating segments based on its geographic locations: Americas, Europe and Asia Pacific. These three segments are aligned with the Company’s internal approach to managing, reporting, and evaluating performance of its global glass operations. Certain assets and activities not directly related to one of the regions or to glass manufacturing are reported with Retained corporate costs and other. These include licensing, equipment manufacturing, global engineering, and certain equity investments. Retained corporate costs and other also includes certain headquarters administrative and facilities costs and certain incentive compensation and other benefit plan costs that are global in nature and are not allocable to the reportable segments.

The Company’s measure of profit for its reportable segments is segment operating profit, which is a non-GAAP financial measure that consists of consolidated earnings from continuing operations before interest income, interest expense, and provision for income taxes and excludes amounts related to certain items that management considers not representative of ongoing operations, as well as certain retained corporate costs. The Company’s management uses segment operating profit, in combination with net sales and selected cash flow information, to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Segment operating profit for reportable segments includes an allocation of some corporate expenses based on both a percentage of sales and direct billings based on the costs of specific services provided.

Financial information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 regarding the Company’s reportable segments is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Three months ended June 30, | ​ | Six months ended June 30, | ​
​ | ​ | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Net sales: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Americas | ​ | $ | 934 | ​ | $ | 930 | ​ | $ | 1,815 | ​ | $ | 1,838 | ​
Europe | ​ |  | 650 | ​ |  | 674 | ​ |  | 1,246 | ​ | ​ | 1,317 | ​
Asia Pacific | ​ |  | 152 | ​ |  | 153 | ​ |  | 303 | ​ | ​ | 326 | ​
Reportable segment totals | ​ |  | 1,736 | ​ |  | 1,757 | ​ |  | 3,364 | ​ |  | 3,481 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 20 | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | 29 | ​ | ​ | 27 | ​
Net sales | ​ | $ | 1,756 | ​ | $ | 1,772 | ​ | $ | 3,393 | ​ | $ | 3,508 | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended June 30, | ​ | Six months ended June 30, | ​
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Segment operating profit: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Americas | ​ | $ | 144 | ​ | $ | 152 | ​ | $ | 257 | ​ | $ | 299 | ​
Europe | ​ |  | 90 | ​ |  | 101 | ​ |  | 169 | ​ |  | 173 | ​
Asia Pacific | ​ |  | 2 | ​ |  | 2 | ​ |  | 10 | ​ |  | 7 | ​
Reportable segment totals | ​ |  | 236 | ​ |  | 255 | ​ |  | 436 | ​ |  | 479 | ​
Items excluded from segment operating profit: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Retained corporate costs and other | ​ |  | (28) | ​ | ​ | (30) | ​ | ​ | (53) | ​ | ​ | (57) | ​
Restructuring, asset impairment and other | ​ |  | (42) | ​ | ​ | (73) | ​ | ​ | (42) | ​ | ​ | (73) | ​
Interest expense, net | ​ |  | (68) | ​ | ​ | (74) | ​ | ​ | (132) | ​ | ​ | (136) | ​
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | ​ | $ | 98 | ​ | $ | 78 | ​ | $ | 209 | ​ | $ | 213 | ​

​

​

6

Financial information regarding the Company’s total assets is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | December 31, | ​ | June 30, | ​
​ |  | 2019 | ​ | 2018 | ​ | 2018 | ​
Total assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Americas |  | $ | 5,994 |  | $ | 5,497 |  | $ | 5,402 | ​
Europe | ​ |  | 3,342 | ​ |  | 3,036 | ​ |  | 3,232 | ​
Asia Pacific | ​ |  | 1,045 | ​ |  | 918 | ​ |  | 981 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Reportable segment totals | ​ |  | 10,381 | ​ |  | 9,451 | ​ |  | 9,615 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 342 | ​ | ​ | 248 | ​ | ​ | 203 | ​
Consolidated totals |  | $ | 10,723 |  | $ | 9,699 |  | $ | 9,818 | ​

​

​

2. Revenue

Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of the Company’s contracts and related purchase orders with its customers are satisfied. This occurs with the transfer of control of glass containers, which primarily takes place when products are shipped from the Company’s manufacturing or warehousing facilities to the customer. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods, which includes estimated provisions for rebates, discounts, returns and allowances. Sales, value added, and other taxes the Company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. The Company’s payment terms are based on customary business practices and can vary by customer type. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. Also, the Company elected to account for shipping and handling costs as a fulfillment cost at the time of shipment.

For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, the Company had no material bad debt expense and there were no material contract assets, contract liabilities or deferred contract costs recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, revenue recognized from prior periods (for example, due to changes in transaction price) was not material.

The following tables for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 disaggregates the Company’s revenue by customer end use:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended June 30, 2019
​ |  | Americas | ​ | Europe | ​ | Asia Pacific | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, spirits) |  | $ | 590 |  | $ | 474 |  | $ | 105 | ​ | $ | 1,169
Food and other | ​ |  | 191 | ​ |  | 109 | ​ |  | 29 | ​ |  | 329
Non-alcoholic beverages | ​ |  | 153 | ​ |  | 67 | ​ |  | 18 | ​ |  | 238
Reportable segment totals | ​ | $ | 934 | ​ | $ | 650 | ​ | $ | 152 | ​ | $ | 1,736
Other | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20
Net sales |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,756
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended June 30, 2018
​ |  | Americas | ​ | Europe | ​ | Asia Pacific | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, spirits) |  | $ | 585 | ​ | $ | 493 | ​ | $ | 113 | ​ | $ | 1,191
Food and other | ​ |  | 197 | ​ | ​ | 112 | ​ | ​ | 23 | ​ |  | 332
Non-alcoholic beverages | ​ |  | 148 | ​ | ​ | 69 | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​ |  | 234
Reportable segment totals | ​ | $ | 930 | ​ | $ | 674 | ​ | $ | 153 | ​ | $ | 1,757
Other | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15
Net sales |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,772

​

7

​

The following tables for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 disaggregates the Company’s revenue by customer end use:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Six months ended June 30, 2019
​ |  | Americas | ​ | Europe | ​ | Asia Pacific | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, spirits) |  | $ | 1,153 | ​ | $ | 907 | ​ | $ | 214 | ​ | $ | 2,274
Food and other | ​ |  | 372 | ​ | ​ | 211 | ​ | ​ | 54 | ​ |  | 637
Non-alcoholic beverages | ​ |  | 290 | ​ | ​ | 128 | ​ | ​ | 35 | ​ |  | 453
Reportable segment totals | ​ | $ | 1,815 | ​ | $ | 1,246 | ​ | $ | 303 | ​ | $ | 3,364
Other | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29
Net sales |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,393
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Six months ended June 30, 2018
​ |  | Americas | ​ | Europe | ​ | Asia Pacific | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, spirits) |  | $ | 1,161 | ​ | $ | 964 | ​ | $ | 240 | ​ | $ | 2,365
Food and other | ​ |  | 386 | ​ | ​ | 224 | ​ | ​ | 47 | ​ |  | 657
Non-alcoholic beverages | ​ |  | 291 | ​ | ​ | 129 | ​ | ​ | 39 | ​ |  | 459
Reportable segment totals | ​ | $ | 1,838 | ​ | $ | 1,317 | ​ | $ | 326 | ​ | $ | 3,481
Other | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 27
Net sales |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,508
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

​

​

3. Inventories

Major classes of inventory at June 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018 are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | December 31, | ​ | June 30, | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2018 |  |
Finished goods | ​ | $ | 838 | ​ | $ | 849 | ​ | $ | 821 | ​ | ​
Raw materials | ​ |  | 131 | ​ |  | 125 | ​ |  | 123 | ​ | ​
Operating supplies | ​ |  | 46 | ​ |  | 44 | ​ |  | 41 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 1,015 | ​ | $ | 1,018 | ​ | $ | 985 | ​ | ​

​

​

4. Derivative Instruments

The Company has certain derivative assets and liabilities, which consist of natural gas forwards, foreign exchange option and forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps. The valuation of these instruments is determined primarily using the income approach, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. Natural gas forward rates, foreign exchange rates and interest rates are the significant inputs into the valuation models. The Company also evaluates counterparty risk in determining fair values. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. These inputs are observable in active markets over the terms of the instruments the Company holds, and accordingly, the Company classifies its derivative assets and liabilities as Level 2 in the hierarchy.

8

Commodity Forward Contracts Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

The Company enters into commodity forward contracts related to forecasted natural gas requirements, the objectives of which are to limit the effects of fluctuations in the future market price paid for natural gas and the related volatility in cash flows.

An unrecognized gain of $2 million at June 30, 2019, an unrecognized gain of $1 million at December 31, 2018 and an unrecognized gain of $7 million at June 30, 2018 related to the commodity forward contracts were included in Accumulated OCI, and will be reclassified into earnings in the period when the commodity forward contracts expire.

Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company uses short-term forward exchange or option agreements to purchase foreign currencies at set rates in the future. These agreements are used to limit exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates for significant planned purchases of fixed assets or commodities that are denominated in currencies other than the subsidiaries’ functional currency. The Company also uses foreign exchange agreements to offset the foreign currency risk for receivables and payables, including intercompany receivables, payables, and loans, not denominated in, or indexed to, their functional currencies.

Cash Flow Hedges of Foreign Exchange Risk

The Company has variable-interest rate borrowings denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the borrowing subsidiaries. As a result, the Company is exposed to fluctuations in the currency of the borrowing against the subsidiaries’ functional currency. The Company uses derivatives to manage these exposures and designates these derivatives as cash flow hedges of foreign exchange risk.

During the second quarter of 2019, the Company terminated a portion of its cross-currency swaps, which resulted in a $15 million cash inflow recognized in the Cash flows from financing activities section of the Condensed Consolidated Cash Flows.

An unrecognized loss of $18 million at June 30, 2019, an unrecognized loss of $9 million at December 31, 2018 and an unrecognized loss of $8 million at June 30, 2018, related to these cross-currency swaps, were included in Accumulated OCI, and will be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months.

Interest Rate Swaps Designated as Fair Value Hedges

The Company enters into interest rate swaps in order to maintain a capital structure containing targeted amounts of fixed and floating-rate debt and manage interest rate risk. The Company’s fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps are accounted for as fair value hedges. The relevant terms of the swap agreements match the corresponding terms of the notes and therefore there is no hedge ineffectiveness. The Company recorded the net of the fair market values of the swaps as a long-term liability and short-term asset, along with a corresponding net decrease in the carrying value of the hedged debt.

During the second quarter of 2019, the Company terminated a portion of its interest rate swaps, which resulted in a $13 million cash inflow recognized in the Cash flows from financing activities section of the Condensed Consolidated Cash Flows.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company enters into interest rate swaps in order to maintain a capital structure containing targeted amounts of fixed and floating-rate debt and manage interest rate risk. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments. These interest rate swap agreements were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with variable-rate debt.

An unrecognized loss of $1 million at June 30, 2019 and an unrecognized loss of less than $1 million at December 31, 2018, related to these interest rate swaps, was included in Accumulated OCI, and will be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months.

Net Investment Hedges

The Company is exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on investments it holds in non-U.S. subsidiaries and uses cross-currency swaps to partially hedge this exposure.

9

An unrecognized gain of $5 million at June 30, 2019 and an unrecognized gain of $4 million at year ended December 31, 2018, related to these net investment hedges, was included in Accumulated OCI, and will be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months.

Balance Sheet Classification

The following table shows the amount and classification (as noted above) of the Company’s derivatives at June 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Fair Value of | ​ | Fair Value of
​ | ​ | Hedge Assets | ​ | Hedge Liabilities
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | December 31, | ​ | June 30, | ​ | June 30, | ​ | December 31, | ​ | June 30,
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2018
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |
Commodity forward contracts (a) | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 1 | ​ | $ | 7 | ​ | $ | 1 | ​ | $ | - | ​ | $ | -
Interest rate swaps - fair value hedges (b) | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 8
Cash flow hedges of foreign exchange risk (c) | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 30 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 12
Interest rate swaps - cash flow hedges (d) | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net investment hedges (e) | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | ​
Total derivatives accounted for as hedges | ​ | $ | 44 | ​ | $ | 23 | ​ | $ | 18 | ​ | $ | 39 | ​ | $ | 10 | ​ | $ | 20
Derivatives not designated as hedges: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Foreign exchange derivative contracts (f) | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 2
Total derivatives | ​ | $ | 46 | ​ | $ | 25 | ​ | $ | 20 | ​ | $ | 40 | ​ | $ | 12 | ​ | $ | 22
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current | ​ | $ | 13 | ​ | $ | 19 | ​ | $ | 13 | ​ | $ | 3 | ​ | $ | 3 | ​ | $ | 3
Noncurrent | ​ | ​ | 33 | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | 37 | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | 19
Total derivatives | ​ | $ | 46 | ​ | $ | 25 | ​ | $ | 20 | ​ | $ | 40 | ​ | $ | 12 | ​ | $ | 22

(a) The notional amounts of the commodity forward contracts were $19 million, $21 million and $21 million at June 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively. The maximum maturity dates were in 2020 for all three periods.

(b) The notional amounts of the interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges were €725 million at June 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively. The maximum maturity dates were in 2024 for all three periods.

(c) The notional amounts of the cash flow hedges of foreign exchange risk were $1.210 billion, $587 million and $310 million at June 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively. The maximum maturity dates were in 2023 for all three periods.

(d) The notional amounts of the interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges were $480 million at June 30, 2019 and $180 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018. Maximum maturity dates were 2021 at June 30, 2019 and 2020 at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

(e) The notional amounts of the net investment hedges were €160 million and maximum maturity dates were 2020 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

(f) The notional amounts of the foreign exchange derivative contracts were $292 million, $470 million and $380 million and maximum maturity dates were 2019, 2019, and 2018 at June 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively.

​

10

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI (Effective Portion) | ​ | ​ | Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Effective Portion) (1) | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended June 30, | ​ | ​ | Three months ended June 30, | ​
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  | 2019 | ​ | 2018 | ​ | ​ | 2019 | ​ | 2018 | ​
Cash Flow Hedges |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |
Commodity forward contracts (a) | ​ | $ | (1) | ​ | $ | 4 | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​
Cash flow hedges of foreign exchange risk (b) | ​ | ​ | (5) | ​ | ​ | 14 | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​
Cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (c) | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Investment Hedges | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Investment Hedges | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | $ | (2) | ​ | $ | 18 | ​ | ​ | $ | (6) | ​ | $ | 18 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI (Effective Portion) | ​ | ​ | Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Effective Portion) (1) | ​
​ | ​ | Six months ended June 30, | ​ | ​ | Six months ended June 30, | ​
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  | 2019 | ​ | 2018 | ​ | ​ | 2019 | ​ | 2018 | ​
Cash Flow Hedges |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |
Commodity forward contracts (a) | ​ | $ | 1 | ​ | $ | 5 | ​ | ​ | $ | (1) | ​ | $ | (1) | ​
Cash flow hedges of foreign exchange risk (b) | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | (12) | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​
Cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (c) | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Investment Hedges | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Investment Hedges | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 7 | ​ | $ | 6 | ​ | ​ | $ | (17) | ​ | $ | 9 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other income (expense), net | ​ | ​ | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other income (expense), net | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended June 30, | ​ | ​ | Six months ended June 30, | ​
Derivatives not designated as hedges: |  | 2019 | ​ | 2018 | ​ | ​ | 2019 | ​ | 2018 | ​
Foreign exchange derivative contracts |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | — |  | ​ | $ | 7 |  | $ | — |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(1) Gains and losses reclassified from accumulated OCI and recognized in income are recorded to (a) cost of goods sold, (b) other expense, net or (c) interest expense, net.

​

​

11

5. Restructuring Accruals

Selected information related to the restructuring accruals for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Employee | ​ | Asset | ​ | Other | ​ | Total
​ |  | Costs | ​ | Impairment | ​ | Exit Costs | ​ | Restructuring
Balance at April 1, 2019 | ​ | $ | 34 | ​ | $ | ​ | ​ | $ | 19 | ​ | $ | 53
Charges | ​ | ​ | 27 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 32
Net cash paid, principally severance and related benefits | ​ |  | (11) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ |  | (14)
Other, including foreign exchange translation | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ |  | (1)
Balance at June 30, 2019 | ​ | $ | 50 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 20 | ​ | $ | 70

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Employee | ​ | Asset | ​ | Other | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | Costs | ​ | Impairment | ​ | Exit Costs | ​ | Restructuring
Balance at April 1, 2018 | ​ | $ | 63 | ​ | $ | ​ | ​ | $ | 17 | ​ | $ | 80
Charges | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | 53 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 70
Write-down of assets to net realizable value | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (53) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (53)
Net cash paid, principally severance and related benefits | ​ |  | (5) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ |  | (6)
Other, including foreign exchange translation | ​ |  | (2) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ |  | (4)
Balance at June 30, 2018 | ​ | $ | 71 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 16 | ​ | $ | 87

​

Selected information related to the restructuring accruals for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Employee | ​ | Asset | ​ | Other | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | Costs | ​ | Impairment | ​ | Exit Costs | ​ | Restructuring
Balance at January 1, 2019 | ​ | $ | 47 | ​ | $ | ​ | ​ | $ | 22 | ​ | $ | 69
Charges | ​ | ​ | 27 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 32
Net cash paid, principally severance and related benefits | ​ |  | (24) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5) | ​ |  | (29)
Other, including foreign exchange translation | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ |  | (2)
Balance at June 30, 2019 | ​ | $ | 50 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 20 | ​ | $ | 70

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Employee | ​ | Asset | ​ | Other | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | Costs | ​ | Impairment | ​ | Exit Costs | ​ | Restructuring
Balance at January 1, 2018 | ​ | $ | 67 | ​ | $ | ​ | ​ | $ | 18 | ​ | $ | 85
Charges | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | 53 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 70
Write-down of assets to net realizable value | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (53) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (53)
Net cash paid, principally severance and related benefits | ​ |  | (10) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​ | (12)
Other, including foreign exchange translation | ​ |  | (1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​ | (3)
Balance at June 30, 2018 | ​ | $ | 71 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 16 | ​ | $ | 87

​

When a decision is made to take restructuring actions, the Company manages and accounts for them programmatically apart from the on-going operations of the business. Information related to major programs are presented separately while minor initiatives are presented on a combined basis. As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, no major restructuring programs were in effect.

In the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company implemented several discrete restructuring initiatives and recorded restructuring and other charges of $32 million. These charges consisted of employee costs such as severance and benefit related costs and other exit costs primarily related to a severance program for certain salaried employees at the Company’s corporate and America’s headquarters. These charges were recorded to Selling and administrative expense ($2 million) and Other expense, net ($30 million) on the Consolidated Results of Operations. The Company expects that the majority of the remaining cash expenditures related to the accrued employee costs will be paid out by the end of 2019.

12

In the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company implemented several discrete restructuring initiatives and recorded restructuring, asset impairment and other charges of $70 million. These charges consisted of employee costs, write-down of assets and other exit costs primarily related to a plant closure in the Americas region. These restructuring charges were discrete actions and are expected to approximate the total cumulative costs for those actions as no significant additional costs are expected to be incurred. These restructuring actions primarily relate to capacity curtailments and the Company plans to reallocate the products produced to other facilities. These charges were recorded to Cost of goods sold ($5 million) and Other expense, net ($65 million) on the Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations. The Company expects that the majority of the remaining cash expenditures related to the above charges will be paid out by the end of 2019.

The Company’s decisions to curtail selected production capacity have resulted in write downs of certain long-lived assets to the extent their carrying value exceeded fair value or fair value less cost to sell. The Company classified the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the impaired assets in the period that the measurement was taken as Level 3 (third party appraisal) in the fair value hierarchy as set forth in the general accounting principles for fair value measurements. For the asset impairments recorded through June 30, 2019 and 2018, the remaining carrying value of the impaired assets was approximately $0 and $3 million, respectively.

6. Pension Benefit Plans

The components of the net periodic pension cost for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | U.S. | ​ | Non-U.S. |
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Service cost | ​ | $ | 3 | ​ | $ | 4 | ​ | $ | 3 | ​ | $ | 3 | ​
Interest cost | ​ |  | 15 | ​ |  | 15 | ​ |  | 7 | ​ |  | 8 | ​
Expected asset return | ​ | ​ | (22) | ​ | ​ | (25) | ​ | ​ | (11) | ​ | ​ | (14) | ​
Amortization of actuarial loss | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​
Net periodic pension cost | ​ | $ | 6 | ​ | $ | 7 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | — | ​

​

​

The components of the net periodic pension cost for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | U.S. | ​ | Non-U.S. |
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Service cost | ​ | $ | 6 | ​ | $ | 7 | ​ | $ | 6 | ​ | $ | 7 | ​
Interest cost | ​ |  | 30 | ​ |  | 30 | ​ |  | 15 | ​ |  | 16 | ​
Expected asset return | ​ | ​ | (44) | ​ | ​ | (49) | ​ | ​ | (22) | ​ | ​ | (27) | ​
Amortization of actuarial loss | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ | ​ | 26 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​
Net periodic pension cost | ​ | $ | 12 | ​ | $ | 14 | ​ | $ | 4 | ​ | $ | 3 | ​

​

​

7. Leases

In the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted ASC 842, Leases, and selected the modified retrospective transition as of the effective date of January 1, 2019 (the effective date method). Under the effective date method, financial results reported in periods prior to 2019 are unchanged.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. A contract is or contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Right-of-use assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term.

The Company uses an estimated incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments when the implicit rate is not readily determinable in the lease. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate reflects a fully secured rate based on recent debt issuances, the credit rating of the Company, changes in currency, repayment timing of the lease, as well as publicly available data for instruments with similar characteristics when calculating incremental borrowing rates.

13

Certain lease agreements include terms with options to extend the lease, however none of these have been recognized in the Company’s right-of-use assets or lease liabilities since those options were not reasonably certain to be exercised. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company’s lease agreements include lease payments that are largely fixed, do not contain material residual value guarantees or variable lease payments and no lease transactions with related parties. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company’s lease costs associated with leases with terms less than 12 months or variable lease costs were immaterial. Certain leases include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. The Company’s leases do not contain restrictions or covenants that restrict the Company from incurring other financial obligations.

The Company leases warehouses, office buildings and equipment under both operating and finance lease arrangements. Information related to leases is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended | ​ | ​ | Six months ended
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | ​ | June 30,
​ |  | 2019 |  | ​ | 2019
Lease cost | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Finance lease cost: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Amortization of right-of-use assets (included in Cost of goods sold and Selling and administrative expense) | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 3
Interest on lease liabilities (included in Interest expense, net) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1
Operating lease cost (included in Cost of goods sold and Selling and administrative expense) | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​ | 42
Total lease cost | ​ | $ | 23 | ​ | $ | 46
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | Six months ended
​ | ​ | ​ | June 30,
​ | ​ | ​ | 2019
Other information | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating cash flows from operating leases | ​ | $ | 21
Operating cash flows from finance leases | ​ | ​ | 1
Financing cash flows from finance leases | ​ | ​ | 3
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | 33

​

​

14

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | June 30, 2019 |
Supplemental balance sheet information | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Operating leases: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating lease right-of-use assets (included in Other assets) | ​ | $ | 196 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current operating lease liabilities (included in Other current liabilities) | ​ | ​ | 67 | ​
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities (included in Other long-term liabilities) | ​ | ​ | 129 | ​
Total operating lease liabilities | ​ | $ | 196 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Finance leases: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Property, plant and equipment | ​ | $ | 74 | ​
Accumulated amortization | ​ | ​ | (30) | ​
Property, plant and equipment, net | ​ | ​ | 44 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current finance lease liabilities (included in Long-term debt due within one year) | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​
Noncurrent finance lease liabilities (included in Long-term debt) | ​ | ​ | 35 | ​
Total finance lease liabilities | ​ | $ | 41 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating leases | ​ | ​ | 4.8 | ​
Finance leases | ​ | ​ | 7.0 | ​
Weighted-average discount rate: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating leases | ​ | ​ | 3.8 | %
Finance leases | ​ | ​ | 5.2 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Maturity of lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | Operating leases | ​ | ​ | Finance leases | ​
2019 | ​ | $ | 39 | ​ | $ | 5 | ​
2020 | ​ | ​ | 61 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​
2021 | ​ | ​ | 37 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​
2022 | ​ | ​ | 28 | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​
2023 | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​
2024 and thereafter | ​ | ​ | 32 | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​
Total lease payments | ​ | ​ | 215 | ​ | ​ | 50 | ​
Less: imputed interest | ​ | ​ | (19) | ​ | ​ | (9) | ​
Total lease obligations | ​ | $ | 196 | ​ | $ | 41 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Minimum payments related to leases not yet commenced as of June 30, 2019 | ​ | $ | - | ​ | $ | 85 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

8. Income Taxes

The Company calculates its interim tax provision using the estimated annual effective tax rate (“EAETR”) methodology in accordance with ASC 740-270. The EAETR is applied to the year-to-date ordinary income, exclusive of discrete items. The tax effect of discrete items are then included to arrive at the total reported interim tax provision. The determination of the EAETR is based upon a number of estimates, including the estimated annual pretax ordinary income or loss in each tax jurisdiction in which the Company operates. The tax effects of discrete items are recognized in the tax provision in the quarter they occur in accordance with GAAP. Depending on various factors such as the item’s significance in relation to total income and the rate of tax applicable in the jurisdiction to which it relates, discrete items in any quarter can materially impact the reported effective tax rate. The Company’s annual effective tax rate may be

15

affected by the mix of earnings in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions and such factors as changes in tax laws, tax rates or regulations, changes in business, changing interpretation of existing tax laws or regulations, the finalization of tax audits and reviews, as well as other factors. As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions. The annual effective tax rate differs from the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate of 21% primarily because of varying non-U.S. tax rates.

The Company is currently under examination in various tax jurisdictions in which it operates, including Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, France, Germany, Indonesia, and Italy. The years under examination range from 2004 through 2017. The Company has received tax assessments in excess of established reserves. The Company is contesting these tax assessments, and will continue to do so, including pursuing all available remedies such as appeals and litigation, if necessary. The Company believes that adequate provisions for all income tax uncertainties have been made. However, if tax assessments are settled against the Company at amounts in excess of established reserves, it could have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

​

​

9. Debt

The following table summarizes the long-term debt of the Company:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | December 31, | ​ | June 30, | ​
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2018 | ​
Secured Credit Agreement: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Revolving Credit Facility: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Revolving Loans | ​ | $ | 389 | ​ | $ | ​ | ​ | $ | ​ | ​
Term Loans: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Term Loan A | ​ | ​ | 1,496 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Previous Secured Credit Agreement: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Revolving Credit Facility: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Revolving Loans | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 397 | ​
Term Loans: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Term Loan A | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 897 | ​ | ​ | 908 | ​
Other secured debt | ​ | ​ | 454 | ​ | ​ | 404 | ​ | ​ | 150 | ​
Senior Notes: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
6.75%, due 2020 (€500 million) | ​ |  | 567 | ​ | ​ | 570 | ​ | ​ | 580 | ​
4.875%, due 2021 (€330 million) | ​ |  | 374 | ​ | ​ | 376 | ​ | ​ | 383 | ​
5.00%, due 2022 | ​ | ​ | 497 | ​ | ​ | 497 | ​ | ​ | 496 | ​
4.00%, due 2023 | ​ | ​ | 307 | ​ | ​ | 306 | ​ | ​ | 306 | ​
5.875%, due 2023 | ​ | ​ | 689 | ​ | ​ | 688 | ​ | ​ | 686 | ​
3.125%, due 2024 (€725 million) | ​ | ​ | 845 | ​ | ​ | 825 | ​ | ​ | 833 | ​
6.375%, due 2025 | ​ | ​ | 296 | ​ | ​ | 295 | ​ | ​ | 295 | ​
5.375%, due 2025 | ​ | ​ | 298 | ​ | ​ | 297 | ​ | ​ | 297 | ​
Finance leases | ​ | ​ | 41 | ​ | ​ | 45 | ​ | ​ | 50 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 12 | ​ | ​ | 14 | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​
Total long-term debt | ​ |  | 6,265 | ​ |  | 5,214 | ​ | ​ | 5,398 | ​
Less amounts due within one year | ​ |  | 30 | ​ | ​ | 33 | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​
Long-term debt | ​ | $ | 6,235 | ​ | $ | 5,181 | ​ | $ | 5,377 | ​

​

The Company presents debt issuance costs in the balance sheet as a deduction of the carrying amount of the related debt liability.

On June 25, 2019, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into a new Senior Secured Credit Facility (the “Agreement”), which amended and restated the previous credit agreement (the “Previous Agreement”). The proceeds from the Agreement were used to repay all outstanding amounts under the Previous Agreement. The Company recorded $2 million of additional interest charges for third party fees and the write-off of unamortized fees in the second quarter of 2019.

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The Agreement provides for up to $3.0 billion of borrowings pursuant to term loans and revolving credit facilities. The term loans mature, and the revolving credit facilities terminate, in June 2024. At June 30, 2019, the Agreement includes a $300 million revolving credit facility, a $1.2 billion multicurrency revolving credit facility, and a $1.5 billion term loan A facility ($1,496 million net of debt issuance costs). At June 30, 2019, the Company had unused credit of $1.1 billion available under the Agreement. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding under the Agreement at June 30, 2019 was 3.71%.

The Agreement contains various covenants that restrict, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, the ability of the Company to incur certain indebtedness and liens, make certain investments, become liable under contingent obligations in certain defined instances only, make restricted payments, make certain asset sales within guidelines and limits, engage in certain affiliate transactions, participate in sale and leaseback financing arrangements, alter its fundamental business, and amend certain subordinated debt obligations.

The Agreement also contains one financial maintenance covenant, a Total Leverage Ratio (the “Leverage Ratio”), that requires the Company not to exceed a ratio of 5.0x calculated by dividing consolidated total debt, less cash and cash equivalents, by Consolidated EBITDA, with such Leverage Ratio decreasing to 4.50 x for the quarter ending December 31, 2020 and thereafter, as defined and described in the Agreement. The maximum Leverage Ratio is subject to an increase of 0.5x for (i) any fiscal quarter during which certain qualifying acquisitions (as specified in the Agreement) are consummated and (ii) the following three fiscal quarters, provided that the Leverage Ratio shall not exceed 5.0x. The Leverage Ratio could restrict the ability of the Company to undertake additional financing or acquisitions to the extent that such financing or acquisitions would cause the Leverage Ratio to exceed the specified maximum.

Failure to comply with these covenants and other customary restrictions could result in an event of default under the Agreement. In such an event, the Company could not request borrowings under the revolving facilities, and all amounts outstanding under the Agreement, together with accrued interest, could then be declared immediately due and payable. Upon the occurrence and for the duration of a payment event of default, an additional default interest rate equal to 2.0% per annum will apply to all overdue obligations under the Agreement. If an event of default occurs under the Agreement and the lenders cause all of the outstanding debt obligations under the Agreement to become due and payable, this would result in a default under a number of other outstanding debt securities and could lead to an acceleration of obligations related to these debt securities. As of June 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and restrictions in the Agreement. In addition, the Company believes that it will remain in compliance and that its ability to borrow funds under the Agreement will not be adversely affected by the covenants and restrictions.

The Leverage Ratio also determines pricing under the Agreement. The interest rate on borrowings under the Agreement is, at the Company’s option, the Base Rate or the Eurocurrency Rate, as defined in the Agreement, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin is linked to the Leverage Ratio. The margins range from 1.00% to 1.50% for Eurocurrency Loans and from 0.00% to 0.50% for Base Rate Loans. In addition, a commitment fee is payable on the unused revolving credit facility commitments ranging from 0.20% to 0.30% per annum linked to the Leverage Ratio.

Obligations under the Agreement are secured by substantially all of the assets, excluding real estate and certain other excluded assets, of certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and certain foreign subsidiaries. Such obligations are also secured by a pledge of intercompany debt and equity investments in certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and, in the case of foreign obligations, of stock of certain foreign subsidiaries. All obligations under the Agreement are guaranteed by certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company, and certain foreign obligations under the Agreement are guaranteed by certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company.

In order to maintain a capital structure containing appropriate amounts of fixed and floating-rate debt, the Company has entered into a series of interest rate swap agreements. These interest rate swap agreements were accounted for as either fair value hedges or cash flow hedges (see Note 4).

The Company assesses its capital raising and refinancing needs on an ongoing basis and may enter into additional credit facilities and seek to issue equity and/or debt securities in the domestic and international capital markets if market conditions are favorable. Also, depending on market conditions, the Company may elect to repurchase portions of its debt securities in the open market.

The carrying amounts reported for certain long-term debt obligations subject to frequently redetermined interest rates, approximate fair value. Fair values for the Company’s significant fixed rate debt obligations are based on published market quotations, and are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

17

Fair values at June 30, 2019 of the Company’s significant fixed rate debt obligations are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Principal | ​ | Indicated | ​ | ​ |
​ |  | Amount |  | Market Price |  | Fair Value |
Senior Notes: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
6.75%, due 2020 (€500 million) | ​ | $ | 568 |  | $ | 108.48 | ​ | $ | 616 | ​
4.875%, due 2021 (€330 million) | ​ |  | 375 |  | ​ | 108.35 | ​ | ​ | 406 | ​
5.00%, due 2022 | ​ |  | 500 |  | ​ | 102.95 | ​ | ​ | 515 | ​
5.875%, due 2023 | ​ | ​ | 700 | ​ | ​ | 107.36 | ​ | ​ | 752 | ​
4.00%, due 2023 | ​ | ​ | 310 | ​ | ​ | 100.37 | ​ | ​ | 311 | ​
3.125%, due 2024 (€725 million) | ​ | ​ | 824 | ​ | ​ | 108.85 | ​ | ​ | 897 | ​
6.375%, due 2025 | ​ | ​ | 300 | ​ | ​ | 107.66 | ​ | ​ | 323 | ​
5.375%, due 2025 | ​ | ​ | 300 | ​ | ​ | 103.49 | ​ | ​ | 310 | ​

​

10. Contingencies

Asbestos

From 1948 to 1958, one of the Company's former business units commercially produced and sold approximately $40 million of a high-temperature, calcium-silicate based pipe and block insulation material containing asbestos. The Company sold its insulation business unit in April 1958. The Company receives claims from individuals alleging bodily injury and death as a result of exposure to asbestos from this product (“Asbestos Claims”). Some Asbestos Claims are brought as personal injury lawsuits that typically allege various theories of liability, including negligence, gross negligence and strict liability and seek compensatory and, in some cases, punitive damages.

Predominantly, however, Asbestos Claims are presented to the Company under administrative claims-handling agreements, which the Company has in place with many plaintiffs’ counsel throughout the country (“Administrative Claims”). Administrative Claims require evaluation and negotiation regarding whether particular claimants qualify under the criteria established by the related claims-handling agreements. The criteria for Administrative Claims include verification of a compensable illness and a reasonable probability of exposure to a product manufactured by the Company's former business unit during its manufacturing period ending in 1958. Plaintiffs’ counsel present, and the Company negotiates, Administrative Claims under these various agreements in differing quantities, at different times, and under a variety of conditions.

As of June 30, 2019, the Company had approximately 1,020 asbestos lawsuits pending. These pending lawsuits do not include an estimate of potential Administrative Claims that may be presented under a claims-handling agreement due to the uncertainties around presentation timing, quantities, or qualification rates. The Company considers Administrative Claims to be filed and disposed when they are accepted for payment.

The lack of uniform rules in lawsuit pleading practice, technical pleading requirements in some jurisdictions, local rules, and other factors cause considerable variation in the specific amounts of monetary damages asserted. In the Company’s experience, the monetary relief alleged in a lawsuit bears little relationship to an Asbestos Claim’s merits or its disposition value. Rather, several variables, including but not limited to, the type and severity of the asbestos disease, medical history, and exposure to other disease-causing agents; the product identification evidence against the Company and other co-defendants; the defenses available to the Company and other co-defendants; the specific jurisdiction in which the claim is made; the applicable law; and the law firm representing the claimant, affect the value.

The Company has also been a defendant in other Asbestos Claims involving maritime workers, medical monitoring, co-defendants’ third-party actions, and property damage allegations. Based upon its experience, the Company believes that these categories of Asbestos Claims will not involve any material liability. Therefore, they are not included in the description of pending or disposed matters.

Since receiving its first Asbestos Claim, as of June 30, 2019, the Company in the aggregate has disposed of approximately 400,800 Asbestos Claims at an average indemnity payment of approximately $10,000 per claim. The Company’s asbestos indemnity payments have varied on a per-claim basis and are expected to continue to vary considerably over time. Asbestos-related cash payments for 2018, 2017, and 2016 were $105 million, $110 million, and $125 million, respectively. The Company’s cash payments per claim disposed (inclusive of legal costs) were approximately $86,000, $83,000 and $71,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

18

The Company’s objective is to achieve, where possible, resolution of Asbestos Claims pursuant to claims-handling agreements. Failure of claimants to meet certain medical and product exposure criteria in claims-handling agreements generally has reduced the number of claims that would otherwise have been received by the Company in the tort system. In addition, changes in jurisdictional dynamics, legislative acts, asbestos docket management and procedures, the substantive law, the co-defendant pool, and other external factors have affected lawsuit volume, claim volume, qualification rates, claim values, and related matters. Collectively, these variables generally have had the effect of increasing the Company’s per-claim average indemnity payment over time.

Beginning with the initial liability of $975 million established in 1993, the Company has accrued a total of approximately $5.0 billion through June 30, 2019, before insurance recoveries, for its asbestos-related liability. The Company’s estimates of its liability have been significantly affected by, among other factors, the volatility of asbestos-related litigation in the United States, the significant number of co-defendants that have filed for bankruptcy, changes in mortality rates, the inherent uncertainty of future disease incidence and claiming patterns against the Company, the significant expansion of the types of defendants that are now sued in this litigation, and the continuing changes in the extent to which these defendants participate in the resolution of cases in which the Company is also a defendant.

The Company continues to monitor trends that may affect its ultimate liability and analyze the developments and variables likely to affect the resolution of Asbestos Claims against the Company. The material components of the Company’s total accrued liability are determined by the Company in connection with its annual comprehensive legal review and consist of the following estimates, to the extent it is probable that such liabilities have been incurred and can be reasonably estimated: (i) the liability for Asbestos Claims already asserted against the Company; (ii) the liability for Asbestos Claims not yet asserted against the Company; and (iii) the legal defense costs estimated to be incurred in connection with the Asbestos Claims already asserted and those Asbestos Claims the Company believes will be asserted.

The Company conducts an annual comprehensive legal review of its asbestos-related liabilities and costs in connection with finalizing and reporting its annual results of operations, unless significant changes in trends or new developments warrant an earlier review. As part of its annual comprehensive legal review, the Company provides historical Asbestos Claims’ data to a third party with expertise in determining the impact of disease incidence and mortality on future filing trends to develop information to assist the Company in estimating the total number of future Asbestos Claims likely to be asserted against the Company. The Company uses this estimate, along with an estimation of disposition costs and related legal costs, as inputs to develop its best estimate of its total probable liability. If the results of the annual comprehensive legal review indicate that the existing amount of the accrued liability is lower (higher) than its reasonably estimable asbestos-related costs, then the Company will record an appropriate charge (credit) to the Company’s results of operations to increase (decrease) the accrued liability.

The significant assumptions underlying the material components of the Company’s accrual are:

a) settlements will continue to be limited almost exclusively to claimants who were exposed to the Company’s asbestos containing insulation prior to its exit from that business in 1958;

b) Asbestos Claims will continue to be resolved primarily under the Company’s administrative claims-handling agreements or on terms comparable to those set forth in those agreements;

c) the incidence of serious asbestos-related disease cases and claiming patterns against the Company for such cases do not change materially;

d) the Company is substantially able to defend itself successfully at trial and on appeal;

e) the number and timing of additional co-defendant bankruptcies do not change significantly the assets available to participate in the resolution of cases in which the Company is a defendant; and

f) co-defendants with substantial resources and assets continue to participate significantly in the resolution of future Asbestos Claims.

For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company concluded that accruals in the amounts of $602 million and $582 million, respectively, were required. These amounts have not been discounted for the time value of money. The Company’s comprehensive legal reviews resulted in charges of $125 million, $0 million and $0 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As previously disclosed, the Company anticipated that adjustments to its asbestos-related accruals were possible given the inherent uncertainties involved in asbestos litigation. In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company determined that it was advantageous to accelerate the disposition

19

of certain claims in light of additional information the Company obtained about higher estimated future claim volumes and values in certain of the affected discrete streams of potential liability. Factors impacting the increased likelihood of these additional losses included changes in the law, procedure, the expansion of judicial resources in certain jurisdictions, and renewed attention to dockets of non-mesothelioma cases. The Company also obtained new information about other Asbestos Claims, which had the effect of reducing its asbestos-related liability. The combined effect of these items resulted in a change in estimate of the Company’s asbestos-related liability.

The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that it will incur a loss for its asbestos-related liabilities in excess of the amount currently recognized, which was $602 million as of December 31, 2018. The Company estimated that reasonably possible losses could result in asbestos-related liabilities of approximately $722 million. This estimate of additional reasonably possible loss reflects a qualitative judgment regarding the nature of contingencies that could impact future Asbestos Claims and legal costs, which include, but are not limited to, successful attempts by plaintiffs to challenge existing legal barriers to entry, enact plaintiff-oriented procedural rules or liability or damage-related legislation, establish new theories of liability, revive long-dormant inventories of non-mesothelioma cases, or leverage changing jurisdictional dynamics and a changing litigation environment to increase the volume of Asbestos Claims presented or per-claim indemnity values. However, it is also possible that the ultimate amount of asbestos-related liabilities could be above this estimate.

The Company expects a significant majority of the total number of Asbestos Claims to be received in the next five to seven years. This timeframe appropriately reflects the mortality of current and expected claimants in light of the Company’s sale of its insulation business unit in 1958. The Company may continue to experience increased year-over-year variability with regard to the annual quantity of Asbestos Claims presented to and disposed by the Company. This increased variability, jurisdictional dynamics, a changing litigation environment, the size of the remaining pool of claimants, and the expected increase in mortality over the next five to seven years may present the Company with further opportunities to accelerate disposition of discrete parts of its claimant pool. These influences may create increased variability in the annual cash payments year-over-year.

The Company’s asbestos-related liability is based on a projection of new Asbestos Claims that will eventually be filed against the Company and the estimated average disposition cost of these claims and related legal costs. Changes in these projections, and estimates, as well as changes in the significant assumptions noted above, have the potential to significantly impact the estimation of the Company’s asbestos-related liability.

​

Other Matters

Other litigation is pending against the Company, in many cases involving ordinary and routine claims incidental to the business of the Company and in others presenting allegations that are non-routine and involve compensatory, punitive or treble damage claims as well as other types of relief. The Company records a liability for such matters when it is both probable that the liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. Recorded amounts are reviewed and adjusted to reflect changes in the factors upon which the estimates are based, including additional information, negotiations, settlements and other events.

​

​

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11. Share Owners’ Equity

The activity in share owners’ equity for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Share Owners’ Equity of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Accumulated |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Capital in | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | Non- | ​ | Total Share | ​
​ | ​ | Common | ​ | Excess of | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | controlling | ​ | Owners' | ​
​ | ​ | Stock | ​ | Par Value | ​ | Stock | ​ | Earnings | ​ | Loss | ​ | Interests | ​ | Equity | ​
Balance on April 1, 2019 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 3,130 | ​ | ​ | (745) | ​ | ​ | 412 | ​ | ​ | (1,911) | ​ | ​ | 122 | ​ | $ | 1,010 | ​
Reissuance of common stock (0.1 million shares) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 3 | ​
Stock compensation (0.5 million shares) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 6 | ​
Net earnings | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 65 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ |  | 70 | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ | ​ | (12) | ​ |  | 8 | ​
Dividends declared | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (7) | ​
Balance on June 30, 2019 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 3,136 | ​ | $ | (742) | ​ | $ | 470 | ​ | $ | (1,891) | ​ | $ | 115 | ​ | $ | 1,090 | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Share Owners’ Equity of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Accumulated |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Capital in | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | Non- | ​ | Total Share | ​
​ | ​ | Common | ​ | Excess of | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | controlling | ​ | Owners' | ​
​ |  | Stock |  | Par Value |  | Stock | ​ | Earnings | ​ | Loss | ​ | Interests | ​ | Equity |
Balance on April 1, 2018 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 3,104 | ​ | ​ | (595) | ​ | ​ | 182 | ​ | ​ | (1,704) | ​ | ​ | 130 | ​ | $ | 1,119 | ​
Reissuance of common stock (0.03 million shares) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 3 | ​
Treasury shares purchased (2.7 million shares) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (50) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (50) | ​
Stock compensation (0.5 million shares) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 11 | ​
Net earnings | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 50 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ |  | 56 | ​
Other comprehensive loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (225) | ​ | ​ | (15) | ​ |  | (240) | ​
Balance on June 30, 2018 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 3,115 | ​ | $ | (642) | ​ | $ | 232 | ​ | $ | (1,929) | ​ | $ | 121 | ​ | $ | 899 | ​

​

The activity in share owners’ equity for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Share Owners’ Equity of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Accumulated |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Capital in | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | Non- | ​ | Total Share | ​
​ | ​ | Common | ​ | Excess of | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | controlling | ​ | Owners' | ​
​ | ​ | Stock | ​ | Par Value | ​ | Stock | ​ | Earnings | ​ | Loss | ​ | Interests | ​ | Equity |
Balance on January 1, 2019 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 3,124 | ​ | ​ | (705) | ​ | ​ | 333 | ​ | ​ | (1,968) | ​ | ​ | 114 | ​ | $ | 900 | ​
Issuance of common stock (0.1 million shares) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​
Reissuance of common stock (0.2 million shares) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​
Treasury shares purchased (2.1 million shares) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (38) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (38) | ​
Stock compensation (1.7 million shares) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​
Net earnings | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 144 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 154 | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 77 | ​ | ​ | (9) | ​ | ​ | 68 | ​
Dividends declared | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7) | ​
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5) | ​
Balance on June 30, 2019 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 3,136 | ​ | $ | (742) | ​ | $ | 470 | ​ | $ | (1,891) | ​ | $ | 115 | ​ | $ | 1,090 | ​

​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Share Owners’ Equity of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Accumulated |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Capital in | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | Non- | ​ | Total Share | ​
​ | ​ | Common | ​ | Excess of | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | controlling | ​ | Owners' | ​
​ | ​ | Stock | ​ | Par Value | ​ | Stock | ​ | Earnings | ​ | Loss | ​ | Interests | ​ | Equity |
Balance on January 1, 2018 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 3,099 | ​ | ​ | (551) | ​ | ​ | 85 | ​ | ​ | (1,827) | ​ | ​ | 119 | ​ | $ | 927 | ​
Reissuance of common stock (0.3 million shares) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 4 | ​
Treasury shares purchased (4.7 million shares) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (95) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (95) | ​
Stock compensation (0.3 million shares) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 16 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 16 | ​
Net earnings | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 147 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ |  | 158 | ​
Other comprehensive loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (102) | ​ | ​ | (9) | ​ |  | (111) | ​
Balance on June 30, 2018 | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | 3,115 | ​ | $ | (642) | ​ | $ | 232 | ​ | $ | (1,929) | ​ | $ | 121 | ​ | $ | 899 | ​

​

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company purchased 2,676,363 shares of its common stock for approximately $50 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company purchased 2,064,652 and 4,676,122 shares of its common stock for approximately $38 million and $95 million, respectively. The stock purchases were pursuant to the authorization by its Board of Directors that had approximately $512 million in remaining purchase authority as of June 30, 2019.

The Company has 250,000,000 shares of common stock authorized with a par value of $.01 per share. Shares outstanding are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Shares Outstanding (in thousands) |
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | December 31, | ​ | June 30, |
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2018 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Shares of common stock issued (including treasury shares) |  | 188,435 | ​ | 186,576 | ​ | 186,423 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Treasury shares |  | 32,978 | ​ | 30,918 | ​ | 27,176 | ​

​

​

12. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The activity in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated | ​
​ | ​ | Net Effect of | ​ | Change in Certain | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​
​ | ​ | Exchange Rate | ​ | Derivative | ​ | Employee | ​ | Comprehensive |
​ |  | Fluctuations |  | Instruments |  | Benefit Plans |  | Loss |
Balance on April 1, 2019 | ​ | $ | (843) | ​ | ​ | (13) | ​ | ​ | (1,055) | ​ | $ | (1,911) | ​
Change before reclassifications | ​ |  | 13 | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 9 | ​
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (6) | (a) |  | 12 | (b) |  | 6 | ​
Translation effect | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​
Tax effect | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company | ​ |  | 13 | ​ |  | (9) | ​ |  | 16 | ​ |  | 20 | ​
Balance on June 30, 2019 | ​ | $ | (830) | ​ | $ | (22) | ​ | $ | (1,039) | ​ | $ | (1,891) | ​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

22

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated |
​ | ​ | Net Effect of | ​ | Change in Certain | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​
​ | ​ | Exchange Rate | ​ | Derivative | ​ | Employee | ​ | Comprehensive | ​
​ |  | Fluctuations |  | Instruments |  | Benefit Plans |  | Loss |
Balance on April 1, 2018 | ​ | $ | (603) | ​ | $ | (17) | ​ | $ | (1,084) | ​ | $ | (1,704) |
Change before reclassifications | ​ |  | (253) | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ |  | (238) | ​
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18) | (a) |  | 16 | (b) |  | (2) | ​
Translation effect | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | 16 | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company | ​ |  | (253) | ​ |  | (1) | ​ |  | 29 | ​ |  | (225) | ​
Balance on June 30, 2018 | ​ | $ | (856) | ​ | $ | (18) | ​ | $ | (1,055) | ​ | $ | (1,929) | ​

(a) | Amount is included in Cost of goods sold and Other expense, net on the Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations (see Note 4 for additional information).

(b) | Amount is included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see Note 6 for additional information) and net postretirement benefit cost.

The activity in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated |
​ | ​ | Net Effect of | ​ | Change in Certain | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​
​ | ​ | Exchange Rate | ​ | Derivative | ​ | Employee | ​ | Comprehensive | ​
​ |  | Fluctuations |  | Instruments |  | Benefit Plans |  | Loss |
Balance on January 1, 2019 | ​ | $ | (889) | ​ | ​ | (18) | ​ | ​ | (1,061) | ​ | $ | (1,968) |
Change before reclassifications | ​ |  | 59 | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ |  | 64 | ​
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (17) | (a) |  | 25 | (b) |  | 8 | ​
Translation effect | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​
Tax effect | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 3 | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company | ​ |  | 59 | ​ |  | (4) | ​ |  | 22 | ​ |  | 77 | ​
Balance on June 30, 2019 | ​ | $ | (830) | ​ | $ | (22) | ​ | $ | (1,039) | ​ | $ | (1,891) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated |
​ | ​ | Net Effect of | ​ | Change in Certain | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​
​ | ​ | Exchange Rate | ​ | Derivative | ​ | Employee | ​ | Comprehensive | ​
​ |  | Fluctuations |  | Instruments |  | Benefit Plans |  | Loss |
Balance on January 1, 2018 | ​ | $ | (724) | ​ | ​ | (12) | ​ | ​ | (1,091) | ​ | $ | (1,827) |
Change before reclassifications | ​ |  | (132) | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | (7) | ​ |  | (135) | ​
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (9) | (a) |  | 33 | (b) |  | 24 | ​
Translation effect | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company | ​ |  | (132) | ​ |  | (6) | ​ |  | 36 | ​ |  | (102) | ​
Balance on June 30, 2018 | ​ | $ | (856) | ​ | $ | (18) | ​ | $ | (1,055) | ​ | $ | (1,929) | ​

​

(a) | Amount is included in Cost of goods sold and Other expense, net on the Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations (see Note 4 for additional information).

(b) | Amount is included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see Note 6 for additional information) and

23

| net postretirement benefit cost.

13. Other Expense (Income), net

Other expense (income), net for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 included the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended June 30, | ​ | Six months ended June 30,
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Restructuring, asset impairment and other charges | ​ | $ | 38 | ​ | $ | 68 | ​ | $ | 38 | ​ | $ | 68
Foreign currency exchange (gain) loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | (2)
Intangible amortization expense | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ | ​ | 20
Royalty income | ​ | ​ | (4) | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ | ​ | (7) | ​ | ​ | (6)
Other expense (income), net | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | (3) | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | (11)
​ | ​ | $ | 55 | ​ | $ | 72 | ​ | $ | 65 | ​ | $ | 69

​

​

14. Earnings Per Share

The following tables sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended June 30,
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Numerator: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Net earnings attributable to the Company | ​ | $ | 65 | ​ | $ | 50
Denominator (in thousands): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Denominator for basic earnings per share-weighted average shares outstanding | ​ |  | 155,338 | ​ | ​ | 160,858
Effect of dilutive securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Stock options and other | ​ |  | 1,133 | ​ |  | 1,854
Denominator for diluted earnings per share-adjusted weighted average shares outstanding | ​ |  | 156,471 | ​ | ​ | 162,712
Basic earnings per share: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Earnings from continuing operations | ​ | $ | 0.42 | ​ | $ | 0.31
Loss from discontinued operations | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Net earnings | ​ | $ | 0.42 | ​ | $ | 0.31
Diluted earnings per share: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Earnings from continuing operations | ​ | $ | 0.42 | ​ | $ | 0.31
Loss from discontinued operations | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Net earnings | ​ | $ | 0.42 | ​ | $ | 0.31

​

Options to purchase 1,603,692 and 1,989,521 weighted average shares of common stock, which were outstanding during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares.

​

24

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Six months ended June 30,
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Numerator: |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |
Net earnings attributable to the Company | ​ | $ | 144 | ​ | $ | 147
Denominator (in thousands): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Denominator for basic earnings per share-weighted average shares outstanding | ​ |  | 154,852 | ​ |  | 161,904
Effect of dilutive securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Stock options and other | ​ |  | 1,703 | ​ |  | 2,060
Denominator for diluted earnings per share-adjusted weighted average shares outstanding | ​ |  | 156,555 | ​ |  | 163,964
Basic earnings per share: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Earnings from continuing operations | ​ | $ | 0.94 | ​ | $ | 0.91
Loss from discontinued operations | ​ |  | (0.01) | ​ |  | (0.01)
Net earnings | ​ | $ | 0.93 | ​ | $ | 0.90
Diluted earnings per share: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Earnings from continuing operations | ​ | $ | 0.93 | ​ | $ | 0.90
Loss from discontinued operations | ​ |  | (0.01) | ​ |  | ​
Net earnings | ​ | $ | 0.92 | ​ | $ | 0.90

​

​

Options to purchase 1,549,995 and 1,895,822 weighted average shares of common stock, which were outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares.

​

​

15. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Income taxes paid (received) in cash were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Six months ended June 30,
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018
U.S. | ​ | $ | (3) | ​ | $ | 7
Non-U.S. | ​ |  | 61 | ​ |  | 68
Total income taxes paid in cash | ​ | $ | 58 | ​ | $ | 75

​

Interest paid in cash for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $128 million and $128 million, respectively.

The Company uses various factoring programs to sell certain receivables to financial institutions as part of managing its cash flows. At June 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, the amount of receivables sold by the Company was $173 million, $600 million and $221 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company reduced the use of its factoring programs compared to the most recent respective year end periods and this resulted in a higher use of working capital, and corresponding decrease to cash from operating activities, of approximately $427 million and $233 million, respectively.

​

16. Discontinued Operations

​

On December 6, 2018, an ad hoc committee for the World Bank’s International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) rejected the request by the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (“Venezuela”) to annul the award issued by an ICSID tribunal in favor of OI European Group B.V. (“OIEG”) related to the 2010 expropriation of OIEG’s majority interest in two plants in Venezuela (the “Award”). The annulment proceeding with respect to the Award is now concluded.

25

On July 31, 2017, OIEG sold its right, title and interest in amounts due under the Award to an Ireland-domiciled investment fund. Under the terms of the sale, OIEG received a payment, in cash, at closing equal to $115 million (the “Cash Payment”). OIEG may also receive additional payments in the future (“Deferred Amounts”) calculated based on the total compensation that is received from Venezuela as a result of collection efforts or as settlement of the Award with Venezuela. OIEG’s right to receive any Deferred Amounts is subject to the limitations described below.

OIEG’s interest in any amounts received in the future from Venezuela in respect of the Award is limited to a percentage of such recovery after taking into account reimbursement of the Cash Payment to the purchaser and reimbursement of legal fees and expenses incurred by the Company and the purchaser. OIEG’s percentage of such recovery will also be reduced over time. Because the Award has yet to be satisfied and the ability to successfully enforce the Award in countries that are party to the ICSID Convention is subject to significant challenges, the Company is unable to reasonably predict the amount of recoveries from the Award, if any, to which the Company may be entitled in the future. Any future amounts that the Company may receive from the Award are highly speculative and the timing of any such future payments, if any, is highly uncertain. As such, there can be no assurance that the Company will receive any future payments under the Award beyond the Cash Payment.

As a result of the favorable ruling by an ICSID ad hoc committee rejecting Venezuela’s request to annul the OIEG Award, and thereby concluding those annulment proceedings, the Company recognized a $115 million gain from discontinued operations in the fourth quarter of 2018.

A separate arbitration involving other subsidiaries of the Company was initiated in 2012 to obtain compensation primarily for third-party minority shareholders’ lost interests in the two expropriated plants. However, on November 13, 2017, ICSID issued an award that dismissed this arbitration on jurisdiction grounds. In March 2018, the two subsidiaries of the Company submitted to ICSID an application to annul the November 13, 2017 award, and a hearing on the annulment was heard by an ad hoc committee of ICSID in July 2019; no decision has been rendered yet.

The loss from discontinued operations, which primarily reflects the ongoing costs for the Venezuelan expropriation, was approximately $1 million for each of the six month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

​
17. New Accounting Pronouncement

​

Leases - On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases”. Under this guidance, lessees are required to recognize on the balance sheet a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 had a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet due to the recognition of approximately $214 million of lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets for operating leases as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 had no material impact on the Company’s retained earnings, consolidated results of operations or consolidated cash flows.

The Company elected the package of practical expedients relating to the identification, classification and initial direct costs of leases commencing before the effective date, and the transitional practical expedient for the treatment of existing land easements; however, the Company did not elect the hindsight transitional practical expedient. The Company has also elected the practical expedient to not account for lease components (e.g., fixed payments including rent, real estate taxes and insurance costs) separately from the nonlease components (e.g., common-area maintenance costs). See Note 7, Leases, for additional information.

Credit Losses - In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This guidance requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This guidance also requires enhanced disclosures regarding significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses. The new guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes - In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,” which gives entities the option to reclassify to retained earnings the tax effects resulting from the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

26

(the “Act”) related to items in Accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) that the FASB refers to as having been stranded in AOCI. The new guidance may be applied retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the Act is recognized in the period of adoption. The Company must adopt this guidance for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2019. The Company has not elected to reclassify income tax effects of the Act from AOCI to retained earnings.

Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement - In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” which modifies the fair value disclosure requirements. Application of the standard is required for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans - In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, “Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans” which modifies the defined benefit plan disclosure requirements. Application of the standard is required for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

​

​

18. Business Combinations

​

On June 28, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of Nueva Fábrica Nacional de Vidrio, S. de R.L. de C.V. (“Nueva Fanal”) from Grupo Modelo, an affiliate of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV for a total purchase price of approximately $195 million. In the second quarter of 2019, the Company paid approximately $157 million in cash toward this acquisition and the remaining approximately $38 million is expected to be paid by the end of 2019, subject to a working capital adjustment. The Company financed this acquisition with debt. The Nueva Fanal facility is located near Mexico City, Mexico. Currently, this plant has four furnaces to produce and supply approximately 300,000 tons of glass containers annually for Grupo Modelo brands, such as Corona, for local and global export markets. Further, O-I has entered into a long-term agreement to continue to supply glass to Grupo Modelo. This acquisition increases the Company’s presence in the Mexican glass packaging market.

Nueva Fanal’s operating results are included in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date as part of the Americas segment. The acquisition qualifies as a business combination and will be accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting.

The total purchase price will be allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities based upon their respective fair values. The purchase agreement contains customary provisions for working capital adjustments, which the Company expects to resolve with the seller by the end of 2019. The aggregate purchase price was preliminarily allocated to the Company’s balance sheet as of June 30, 2019 and has not yet been finalized because the Company has not yet completed its review of the asset and liability values and related amortization and depreciation periods. The following table summarizes the preliminary estimates of fair value of the assets and liabilities assumed on June 28, 2019:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts receivable | ​ | $ | 42
Inventory | ​ | ​ | 17
Long lived assets (includes PP&E and intangibles) | ​ | ​ | 164
Total assets | ​ | ​ | 223
Accounts payable | ​ | ​ | 25
Accrued liabilities | ​ |  | 3
Net assets acquired | ​ | $ | 195

​

This acquisition did not meet the thresholds for a significant acquisition and therefore no pro forma financial information is presented.

​

27

​

19. Subsequent Events

​

In July 2019, a subsidiary of the Company redeemed €250 million aggregate principal amount to holders of its outstanding 6.75% senior notes due 2020 (the “Notes”). Following the redemption, €250 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes remain outstanding.

The Notes were redeemed at a price equal to the sum of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, the applicable premium calculated in accordance with the terms of the Notes and the related indenture, and the accrued and unpaid interest on the Notes up to, but not including, the redemption date. In the third quarter of 2019, the Company recorded note repurchase premiums and the write-off of deferred finance fees of approximately $24 million related to the redeemed Notes. The Company funded the redemption with cash on hand and revolver borrowings.

​

​

​

28

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The Company’s measure of profit for its reportable segments is segment operating profit, which consists of consolidated earnings from continuing operations before interest income, interest expense, and provision for income taxes and excludes amounts related to certain items that management considers not representative of ongoing operations as well as certain retained corporate costs. The segment data presented below is prepared in accordance with general accounting principles for segment reporting. The lines titled “reportable segment totals” in both net sales and segment operating profit, however, are non-GAAP measures when presented outside of the financial statement footnotes. Management has included reportable segment totals below to facilitate the discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations and believes this information allows the board of directors, management, investors and analysts to better understand the Company’s financial performance. The Company’s management uses segment operating profit, in combination with net sales and selected cash flow information, to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Segment operating profit is not, however, intended as an alternative measure of operating results as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP and is not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

Financial information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 regarding the Company’s reportable segments is as follows (dollars in millions):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended | ​ | Six months ended | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | June 30, | ​
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Net Sales: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Americas | ​ | $ | 934 | ​ | $ | 930 | ​ | $ | 1,815 | ​ | $ | 1,838 | ​
Europe | ​ |  | 650 | ​ |  | 674 | ​ |  | 1,246 | ​ |  | 1,317 | ​
Asia Pacific | ​ |  | 152 | ​ |  | 153 | ​ |  | 303 | ​ |  | 326 | ​
Reportable segment totals | ​ |  | 1,736 | ​ |  | 1,757 | ​ |  | 3,364 | ​ |  | 3,481 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 20 | ​ |  | 15 | ​ |  | 29 | ​ |  | 27 | ​
Net Sales | ​ | $ | 1,756 | ​ | $ | 1,772 | ​ | $ | 3,393 | ​ | $ | 3,508 | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended | ​ | Six months ended
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | June 30,
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Segment operating profit: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Americas | ​ | $ | 144 | ​ | $ | 152 | ​ | $ | 257 | ​ | $ | 299
Europe | ​ |  | 90 | ​ |  | 101 | ​ |  | 169 | ​ |  | 173
Asia Pacific | ​ |  | 2 | ​ |  | 2 | ​ |  | 10 | ​ |  | 7
Reportable segment totals | ​ |  | 236 | ​ |  | 255 | ​ |  | 436 | ​ |  | 479
Items excluded from segment operating profit: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Retained corporate costs and other | ​ |  | (28) | ​ |  | (30) | ​ |  | (53) | ​ |  | (57)
Restructuring, asset impairment and other charges | ​ |  | (42) | ​ |  | (73) | ​ |  | (42) | ​ |  | (73)
Interest expense, net | ​ |  | (68) | ​ |  | (74) | ​ |  | (132) | ​ |  | (136)
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | ​ | ​ | 98 | ​ | ​ | 78 | ​ | ​ | 209 | ​ | ​ | 213
Provision for income taxes | ​ |  | (27) | ​ |  | (22) | ​ |  | (54) | ​ |  | (54)
Earnings from continuing operations | ​ |  | 71 | ​ |  | 56 | ​ |  | 155 | ​ |  | 159
Loss from discontinued operations | ​ |  | (1) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | (1) | ​ |  | (1)
Net earnings | ​ |  | 70 | ​ |  | 56 | ​ |  | 154 | ​ |  | 158
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests | ​ |  | (5) | ​ |  | (6) | ​ |  | (10) | ​ |  | (11)
Net earnings attributable to the Company | ​ | $ | 65 | ​ | $ | 50 | ​ | $ | 144 | ​ | $ | 147
Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to the Company | ​ | $ | 66 | ​ | $ | 50 | ​ | $ | 145 | ​ | $ | 148

Note: All amounts excluded from reportable segment totals are discussed in the following applicable sections.

​

​

29

Executive Overview — Quarters ended June 30, 2019 and 2018

Second Quarter 2019 Highlights

| ● | Net sales in the second quarter of 2019 were down slightly with the same quarter in 2018, primarily due to the unfavorable effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by higher prices.

| ● | Segment operating profit for reportable segments was down 7% in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018, driven by lower segment profit in the Americas and Europe.

| ● | On June 28, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of a four furnace glass plant located near Mexico City, Mexico for a total purchase price of approximately $195 million. O-I has also entered into a long-term glass supply agreement to continue to supply Grupo Modelo brands, such as Corona, for local and global export markets.

| ● | The Company entered into a new $3.0 billion senior secured credit facility with a final maturity date of June 2024.

Net sales for the second quarter of 2019 were $16 million lower than the second quarter of the prior year primarily due to the unfavorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by higher prices.

Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes were $20 million higher in the second quarter of 2019 than the prior year quarter, primarily due to a decrease in charges related to restructuring activities and the write-off of finance fees. Segment operating profit for reportable segments for the second quarter of 2019 was $19 million lower than the second quarter of the prior year. While the benefit of higher selling prices more than offset cost inflation, operating costs were higher than the prior year. Increased costs reflected additional costs to commission a new joint venture furnace, unexpected weather related downtime and timing of an energy credit.

Net interest expense for the second quarter of 2019 decreased $6 million compared to the second quarter of 2018. Net interest expense included $2 million and $11 million of deferred finance fees written off and third party fees in the second quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively, that related to debt that was repaid prior to its maturity.

For the second quarter of 2019, the Company recorded net earnings from continuing operations attributable to the Company of $66 million, or $0.42 per share (diluted), compared to $50 million, or $0.31 per share (diluted), in the second quarter of 2018. Earnings in the second quarter of 2019 and the second quarter of 2018 included items that management considered not representative of ongoing operations. These items decreased earnings attributable to the Company by $42 million, or $0.27 per share, in the second quarter of 2019 and decreased net earnings attributable to the Company by $75 million, or $0.46 per share in the second quarter of 2018.

Results of Operations — Second Quarter of 2019 compared with Second Quarter of 2018

Net Sales

The Company’s net sales in the second quarter of 2019 were $1,756 million compared with $1,772 million for the second quarter of 2018, a decrease of $16 million, or 1%. Unfavorable foreign currency exchange rates decreased sales by $59 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the prior year quarter as the U.S. dollar strengthened against the Australian dollar, Brazilian real, Colombian peso and the Euro. Higher selling prices increased net sales by $44 million in the quarter. Total glass container shipments, in tonnes, were comparable in the second quarter of 2019 to the prior year quarter, however, an unfavorable sales mix decreased net sales by $6 million.

The change in net sales of reportable segments can be summarized as follows (dollars in millions):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Reportable segment net sales - 2018 |  | ​ | ​ |  | $ | 1,757 |
Price | ​ | $ | 44 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Sales volume and mix | ​ |  | (6) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Effects of changing foreign currency rates | ​ |  | (59) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total effect on reportable segment net sales | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (21) | ​
Reportable segment net sales - 2019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,736 | ​

​

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Americas: Net sales in the Americas in the second quarter of 2019 were $934 million compared with $930 million for the second quarter of 2018, an increase of $4 million, or less than 1%. Higher selling prices increased net sales by $27 million in the second quarter of 2019. Total glass container shipments in the region were up nearly 1% in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the prior year quarter, driven primarily by higher shipments to alcoholic beverage customers. Year over year shipments in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico were strong compared to the second quarter in the prior year. In the U.S., sales volumes were primarily impacted by lower shipments to alcoholic beverage customers, largely due to ongoing trends in beer shipments. Overall, changes in mix in the region decreased net sales by $5 million in the second quarter of 2019. The unfavorable effects of foreign currency exchange rate changes decreased net sales $18 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to 2018.

Europe: Net sales in Europe in the second quarter of 2019 were $650 million compared with $674 million for the second quarter of 2018, a decrease of $24 million, or 4%. Unfavorable foreign currency exchange rates impacted the region by approximately $33 million in the second quarter of 2019 as the Euro weakened in relation to the U.S. dollar. Glass container shipments in the second quarter of 2019 were down approximately 2% compared to the same quarter in 2018, primarily driven by lower alcoholic beverage shipments due to extreme weather conditions in the later part of the quarter, resulting in $8 million of lower net sales. Selling prices in Europe increased net sales by $17 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Asia Pacific: Net sales in Asia Pacific in the second quarter of 2019 were $152 million compared with $153 million for the second quarter of 2018, a decrease of $1 million, or less than 1%. Glass container shipments in the second quarter of 2019 were up nearly 7% with the prior year period and improved across nearly all end-use categories. Despite modestly lower shipments in Australia due to lower beer demand, higher shipment levels in China and other markets led to overall improved sales volumes in the region in the second quarter. This resulted in $7 million of higher sales in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the prior year quarter. The effects of foreign currency exchange rate changes in the current year quarter decreased net sales by $8 million.

Earnings from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes and Segment Operating Profit

Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes were $98 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to $78 million in the second quarter of 2018, an increase of $20 million, or 26%. This increase was primarily related to a decrease in charges related to restructuring activities and the write-off of finance fees in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018.

Operating profit of the reportable segments includes an allocation of some corporate expenses based on a percentage of sales and direct billings based on the costs of specific services provided. Unallocated corporate expenses and certain other expenses not directly related to the reportable segments’ operations are included in Retained corporate costs and other. For further information, see Segment Information included in Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Segment operating profit of reportable segments in the second quarter of 2019 was $236 million compared to $255 million for the second quarter of 2018, a decrease of $19 million, or 8%. The decrease was largely attributable to higher operating costs and unfavorable foreign currency effects, partially offset by higher selling prices.

The change in segment operating profit of reportable segments can be summarized as follows (dollars in millions):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Reportable segment operating profit - 2018 |  | ​ | ​ |  | $ | 255 |
Price | ​ | $ | 44 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Sales volume and mix | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating costs | ​ |  | (57) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Effects of changing foreign currency rates | ​ | ​ | (5) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total net effect on reportable segment operating profit | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (19) | ​
Reportable segment operating profit - 2019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 236 | ​

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Americas: Segment operating profit in the Americas in the second quarter of 2019 was $144 million compared with $152 million in the second quarter of 2018, a decrease of $8 million, or 5%. Selling prices were $27 million higher in the current year quarter compared to the prior year quarter. Segment operating profit was impacted by $45 million of higher operating costs in the second quarter of 2019 than the same quarter in the prior year, driven by cost inflation,

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costs incurred to commission a new joint venture furnace and weather-related downtime. Partially offsetting this, the region’s restructuring actions in 2018 and 2019 have reduced operating costs by approximately $9 million in the second quarter of 2019, in line with management’s expectations. The effects of foreign currency exchange rates increased segment operating profit by $1 million in the current year quarter.

Europe: Segment operating profit in Europe in the second quarter of 2019 was $90 million compared with $101 million in the second quarter of 2018, a decrease of $11 million, or 11%. The decrease in sales volume discussed above decreased segment operating profit in the current year quarter by $2 million. The effects of foreign currency exchange rates decreased segment operating profit by $5 million in the current year quarter. Selling prices were $17 million higher in the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter. Segment operating profit in the second quarter of 2019 decreased due to approximately $12 million of higher operating costs compared to the same period in the prior year, driven by cost inflation. Segment operating income was also impacted by $9 million due to the nonoccurrence of an energy credit from a local government entity that was received in the first quarter of this year versus the second quarter of the prior year.

Asia Pacific: Segment operating profit in Asia Pacific in the second quarter of 2019 was $2 million compared with $2 million in the second quarter of 2018. The increase and change in sales mix discussed above increased segment operating profit by $1 million. The effects of foreign currency exchange rates decreased segment operating profit by $1 million in the current year quarter. The region also benefitted from improved operating costs as a result of increased productivity, but this was offset by the acceleration of planned maintenance and a furnace rebuild.

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Interest Expense, Net

Net interest expense for the second quarter of 2019 was $68 million compared with $74 million for the second quarter of 2018. Net interest expense included $2 million and $11 million in the second quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively, for the write off of deferred finance fees and third party fees related to debt that was repaid prior to its maturity. Exclusive of these items, net interest expense increased $3 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the same quarter in the prior year due to higher debt balances throughout the quarter.

Provision for Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate from continuing operations for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was 27.6% compared with 28.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2019 was lower than the same period in 2018 due, in part, to the geographic mix of earnings.

Net Earnings from Continuing Operations Attributable to the Company

For the second quarter of 2019, the Company recorded net earnings from continuing operations attributable to the Company of $66 million, or $0.42 per share (diluted), compared to $50 million, or $0.31 per share (diluted), in the second quarter of 2018. Earnings in the second quarter of 2019 and the second quarter of 2018 included items that management considered not representative of ongoing operations. These items decreased earnings attributable to the Company by $42 million, or $0.27 per share, in the second quarter of 2019 and decreased net earnings attributable to the Company by $75 million, or $0.46 per share in the second quarter of 2018 as set forth in the following table (dollars in millions):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Net Earnings | ​ | Net Earnings
​ | ​ | Increase | ​ | Increase
​ | ​ | (Decrease) | ​ | (Decrease)
Description |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Restructuring, asset impairment, pension settlement and other charges | ​ | $ | (42) |  | $ | (73)
Write-off of unamortized finance fees and third party fees | ​ |  | (2) | ​ |  | (11)
Net tax benefit for income tax on items above | ​ |  | 2 | ​ |  | 9
Total | ​ | $ | (42) | ​ | $ | (75)

​

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Executive Overview — Six Months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018

2019 Highlights

| ● | Net sales in the first six months of 2019 were down 3% from the same period in 2018, primarily due to the unfavorable effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and lower volumes, partially offset by higher prices.

| ● | Segment operating profit for reportable segments was down 9% in the first half of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018, primarily due to lower segment operating profit in the Americas.

| ● | On June 28, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of a four furnace glass plant located near Mexico City, Mexico for a total purchase price of approximately $195 million. O-I has also entered into a long-term glass supply agreement to continue to supply Grupo Modelo brands, such as Corona, for local and global export markets.

| ● | The Company entered into a new $3.0 billion senior secured credit facility with a final maturity date of June 2024.

| ● | The Company repurchased approximately 2.1 million shares of its common stock during the first half of 2019 for approximately $38 million and paid dividends of approximately $16 million.

Net sales for the first six months of 2019 were $115 million lower than the same period in the prior year primarily due to the unfavorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and lower sales volumes, partially offset by higher prices.

Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes were $4 million lower in the first six months of 2019 than in the same period in the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in segment operating profit partially offset by a decrease in charges related to restructuring activities and the write-off of finance fees in 2019 compared to 2018. Segment operating profit for reportable segments for the first six months of 2019 was $43 million lower than the same period in the prior year, driven by lower segment operating profit in the Americas.

Net interest expense for the first half of 2019 decreased $4 million compared to the same period in 2018. Net interest expense included $2 million and $11 million for the write-off of deferred finance fees and third party fees in the first six months of 2019 and 2018, respectively, that related to debt that was repaid prior to its maturity.

For the first six months of 2019, the Company recorded net earnings from continuing operations attributable to the Company of $145 million, or $0.93 per share (diluted), compared to $148 million, or $0.90 per share (diluted), in the first six months of 2018. Earnings in the first six months of 2019 and the first six months of 2018 included items that management considered not representative of ongoing operations. These items decreased earnings attributable to the Company by $42 million, or $0.27 per share, in the first six months of 2019 and decreased net earnings attributable to the Company by $75 million, or $0.46 per share in the first six months of 2018.

Results of Operations — First six months of 2019 compared with first six months of 2018

Net Sales

The Company’s net sales in the first six months of 2019 were $3,393 million compared with $3,508 million for the first six months of 2018, a decrease of $115 million, or 3%. Unfavorable foreign currency exchange rates decreased sales by $156 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the prior year period as the U.S. dollar strengthened against the Australian dollar, Brazilian real, Colombian peso and the Euro. Total glass container shipments, in tonnes, were approximately 1% lower in the first half of 2019 compared to the prior year period. Sales volume and mix decreased net sales by $47 million. Higher selling prices increased net sales by $86 million in 2019.

​

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The change in net sales of reportable segments can be summarized as follows (dollars in millions):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Reportable segment net sales - 2018 |  | ​ | ​ |  | $ | 3,481
Price | ​ | $ | 86 | ​ | ​ | ​
Sales volume and mix | ​ |  | (47) | ​ | ​ | ​
Effects of changing foreign currency rates | ​ | ​ | (156) | ​ | ​ | ​
Total effect on reportable segment net sales | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (117)
Reportable segment net sales - 2019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,364

Americas: Net sales in the Americas in the first six months of 2019 were $1,815 million compared with $1,838 million in the same period in 2018, a decrease of $23 million, or 1%. Higher selling prices increased net sales by $54 million in the first six months of 2019. Total glass container shipments in the region were down approximately 1% in the first six months of 2019 compared to the prior year period, driven primarily by lower shipments to alcoholic beverage and food customers. Year over year shipments in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico were strong compared to the first six months in the prior year. In the U.S., sales volumes were primarily impacted by lower shipments to food and alcoholic beverage customers, largely due to ongoing trends in beer shipments and the transfer of production to the Company’s joint venture with Constellation Brands. Overall, lower shipments and changes in mix in the region decreased net sales by $26 million in the first six months of 2019. The unfavorable effects of foreign currency exchange rate changes decreased net sales $51 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to 2018.

Europe: Net sales in Europe in the first six months of 2019 were $1,246 million compared with $1,317 million for the same period in 2018, a decrease of $71 million, or 5%. Unfavorable foreign currency exchange rates impacted the region by approximately $84 million in the first six months of 2019 as the Euro weakened in relation to the U.S. dollar. Glass container shipments in the first six months of 2019 were down approximately 2% compared to the same period in 2018, primarily driven by capacity constraints and extreme weather conditions, resulting in $19 million of lower net sales. Selling prices in Europe increased net sales by $32 million in the first half of 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Asia Pacific: Net sales in Asia Pacific in the first six months of 2019 were $303 million compared with $326 million for the same period in 2018, a decrease of $23 million, or 7%. Glass container shipments in the first six months of 2019 were up slightly compared with the same period in the prior year, but an unfavorable mix resulted in $2 million of lower sales in the first half of 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year. The effects of foreign currency exchange rate changes in the current year period decreased net sales by $21 million.

Earnings from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes and Segment Operating Profit

Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes were $209 million in the first half of 2019 compared to $213 million in the first half of 2018, a decrease of $4 million, or 2%. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in segment operating profit, partially offset by a decrease in charges related to restructuring activities.

Operating profit of the reportable segments includes an allocation of some corporate expenses based on a percentage of sales and direct billings based on the costs of specific services provided. Unallocated corporate expenses and certain other expenses not directly related to the reportable segments’ operations are included in Retained corporate costs and other. For further information, see Segment Information included in Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Segment operating profit of reportable segments in the first half of 2019 was $436 million compared to $479 million for the first half of 2018, a decrease of $43 million, or 9%. The decrease was largely attributable to the unfavorable effect of changes in foreign currency, lower sales volumes and higher operating costs, partially offset by higher selling prices.

​

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The change in segment operating profit of reportable segments can be summarized as follows (dollars in millions):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Reportable segment operating profit - 2018 |  | ​ |  |  | $ | 479
Price | ​ | $ | 86 | ​ | ​ | ​
Sales volume and mix | ​ | ​ | (10) | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating costs | ​ |  | (102) | ​ | ​ | ​
Effects of changing foreign currency rates | ​ | ​ | (17) | ​ | ​ | ​
Total net effect on reportable segment operating profit | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (43)
Reportable segment operating profit - 2019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 436

Americas: Segment operating profit in the Americas in the first six months of 2019 was $257 million compared with $299 million in the same period in 2018, a decrease of $42 million, or 14%. The decrease in sales volume discussed above decreased segment operating profit in the first half of 2019 by $3 million. Selling prices were $54 million higher in the first half of 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year. Segment operating profit was impacted by $97 million of higher operating costs in the first half of 2019 than the same period in the prior year, driven by cost inflation and costs incurred to add production capacity at several plants and weather-related downtime. Segment operating profit in the region was also impacted by $7 million of lower insurance gains in the first six months of 2019 than in the same period in the prior year. Partially offsetting this, the region’s restructuring actions in 2018 and 2019 have reduced operating costs by approximately $17 million in the first six months of 2019, in line with management’s expectations. The effects of foreign currency exchange rates decreased segment operating profit by $6 million in the first six months of 2019, which included a $2 million impact from the highly-inflationary basis of accounting in the region’s operations in Argentina.

Europe: Segment operating profit in Europe in the first half of 2019 was $169 million compared with $173 million in the same period in 2018, a decrease of $4 million, or 2%. The decrease in sales volume discussed above decreased segment operating profit in the first half of 2019 by $5 million. The effects of foreign currency exchange rates decreased segment operating profit by $10 million in the first six months of 2019. Selling prices were $32 million higher in the first six months of 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year. Segment operating profit in the first six months of 2019 decreased due to approximately $21 million of higher operating costs compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to cost inflation.

Asia Pacific: Segment operating profit in Asia Pacific in the first half of 2019 was $10 million compared with $7 million in the first half of 2018, an increase of $3 million, or 43%. The change in sales mix discussed above reduced segment operating profit by $2 million. The effects of foreign currency exchange rates decreased segment operating profit by $1 million in the first six months of 2019. The region experienced approximately $12 million of lower operating costs, which benefited segment operating income, in the first half of 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year due to fewer asset improvement projects in 2019. Partially offsetting this, the region was impacted by the nonoccurrence of $6 million of gains related to land sales that were recorded in the first half of 2018.

Interest Expense, Net

Net interest expense for the first six months of 2019 was $132 million compared with $136 million for the first six months of 2018. Net interest expense included $2 million and $11 million in the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively, for the write-off of deferred finance fees and third party fees that were related to debt that was repaid prior to its maturity. Exclusive of these items, net interest expense increased $5 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year due to higher debt levels.

Provision for Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate from continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was 25.8% compared with 25.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The effective tax rate for the first six months of 2019 was higher than the first six months of 2018 due, in part, to the geographic mix of earnings.

The Company expects that the full year effective tax rate for 2019 will range between approximately 24% and 26% (excluding the tax on items that management considers not representative of ongoing operations).

Net Earnings from Continuing Operations Attributable to the Company

For the first six months of 2019, the Company recorded net earnings from continuing operations attributable to the

35

Company of $145 million, or $0.93 per share (diluted), compared to $148 million, or $0.90 per share (diluted), in the first six months of 2018. Earnings in 2019 and 2018 included items that management considered not representative of ongoing operations as set forth in the following table (dollars in millions):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Net Earnings
​ | ​ | Increase
​ | ​ | (Decrease)
Description |  | 2019 | ​ | 2018
Restructuring, asset impairment, pension settlement and other charges | ​ | $ | (42) | ​ | $ | (73)
Write-off of unamortized finance fees and third party fees | ​ |  | (2) | ​ |  | (11)
Net tax benefit for income tax on items above | ​ |  | 2 | ​ |  | 9
Total | ​ | $ | (42) | ​ | $ | (75)

​

Items excluded from Reportable Segment Totals

Retained Corporate Costs and Other

Retained corporate costs and other for the second quarter of 2019 were $28 million compared with $30 million recorded in the second quarter of 2018. For the first six months of 2019, retained corporate costs and other were $53 million compared with $57 million for the same period in 2018. These costs were lower in 2019 primarily due to the benefit of recent organization simplification initiatives and lower management incentive compensation expense.

Discontinued Operations

On December 6, 2018, an ad hoc committee for the World Bank’s International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) rejected the request by the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (“Venezuela”) to annul the award issued by an ICSID tribunal in favor of OI European Group B.V. (“OIEG”) related to the 2010 expropriation of OIEG’s majority interest in two plants in Venezuela (the “Award”). The annulment proceeding with respect to the Award is now concluded.

On July 31, 2017, OIEG sold its right, title and interest in amounts due under the Award to an Ireland-domiciled investment fund. Under the terms of the sale, OIEG received a payment, in cash, at closing equal to $115 million (the “Cash Payment”). OIEG may also receive additional payments in the future (“Deferred Amounts”) calculated based on the total compensation that is received from Venezuela as a result of collection efforts or as settlement of the Award with Venezuela. OIEG’s right to receive any Deferred Amounts is subject to the limitations described below.

OIEG’s interest in any amounts received in the future from Venezuela in respect of the Award is limited to a percentage of such recovery after taking into account reimbursement of the Cash Payment to the purchaser and reimbursement of legal fees and expenses incurred by the Company and the purchaser. OIEG’s percentage of such recovery will also be reduced over time. Because the Award has yet to be satisfied and the ability to successfully enforce the Award in countries that are party to the ICSID Convention is subject to significant challenges, the Company is unable to reasonably predict the amount of recoveries from the Award, if any, to which the Company may be entitled in the future. Any future amounts that the Company may receive from the Award are highly speculative and the timing of any such future payments, if any, is highly uncertain. As such, there can be no assurance that the Company will receive any future payments under the Award beyond the Cash Payment.

As a result of the favorable ruling by an ICSID ad hoc committee rejecting Venezuela’s request to annul the OIEG Award, and thereby concluding those annulment proceedings, the Company recognized a $115 million gain from discontinued operations in the fourth quarter of 2018.

A separate arbitration involving other subsidiaries of the Company was initiated in 2012 to obtain compensation primarily for third-party minority shareholders’ lost interests in the two expropriated plants. However, on November 13, 2017, ICSID issued an award that dismissed this arbitration on jurisdiction grounds. In March 2018, the two subsidiaries of the Company submitted to ICSID an application to annul the November 13, 2017 award, and a hearing on the annulment was heard by an ad hoc committee of ICSID in July 2019; no decision has been rendered yet.

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The loss from discontinued operations, which primarily reflects the ongoing costs for the Venezuelan expropriation, was approximately $1 million for each of the six month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

Capital Resources and Liquidity

On June 25, 2019, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into a new Senior Secured Credit Facility (the “Agreement”), which amended and restated the previous credit agreement (the “Previous Agreement”). The proceeds from the Agreement were used to repay all outstanding amounts under the Previous Agreement. The Company recorded $2 million of additional interest charges for third party fees and the write-off of unamortized fees in the second quarter of 2019.

The Agreement provides for up to $3.0 billion of borrowings pursuant to term loans and revolving credit facilities. The term loans mature, and the revolving credit facilities terminate, in June 2024. At June 30, 2019, the Agreement includes a $300 million revolving credit facility, a $1.2 billion multicurrency revolving credit facility, and a $1.5 billion term loan A facility ($1,496 million net of debt issuance costs). At June 30, 2019, the Company had unused credit of $1.1 billion available under the Agreement. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding under the Agreement at June 30, 2019 was 3.71%.

The Agreement contains various covenants that restrict, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, the ability of the Company to incur certain indebtedness and liens, make certain investments, become liable under contingent obligations in certain defined instances only, make restricted payments, make certain asset sales within guidelines and limits, engage in certain affiliate transactions, participate in sale and leaseback financing arrangements, alter its fundamental business, and amend certain subordinated debt obligations.

The Agreement also contains one financial maintenance covenant, a Total Leverage Ratio (the “Leverage Ratio”), that requires the Company not to exceed a ratio of 5.0x calculated by dividing consolidated total debt, less cash and cash equivalents, by Consolidated EBITDA, with such Leverage Ratio decreasing to 4.50x for the quarter ending December 31, 2020 and thereafter, as defined and described in the Agreement. The maximum Leverage Ratio is subject to an increase of 0.5x for (i) any fiscal quarter during which certain qualifying acquisitions (as specified in the Agreement) are consummated and (ii) the following three fiscal quarters, provided that the Leverage Ratio shall not exceed 5.0x. The Leverage Ratio could restrict the ability of the Company to undertake additional financing or acquisitions to the extent that such financing or acquisitions would cause the Leverage Ratio to exceed the specified maximum.

Failure to comply with these covenants and other customary restrictions could result in an event of default under the Agreement. In such an event, the Company could not request borrowings under the revolving facilities, and all amounts outstanding under the Agreement, together with accrued interest, could then be declared immediately due and payable. Upon the occurrence and for the duration of a payment event of default, an additional default interest rate equal to 2.0% per annum will apply to all overdue obligations under the Agreement. If an event of default occurs under the Agreement and the lenders cause all of the outstanding debt obligations under the Agreement to become due and payable, this would result in a default under a number of other outstanding debt securities and could lead to an acceleration of obligations related to these debt securities. As of June 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and restrictions in the Agreement. In addition, the Company believes that it will remain in compliance and that its ability to borrow funds under the Agreement will not be adversely affected by the covenants and restrictions.

The Leverage Ratio also determines pricing under the Agreement. The interest rate on borrowings under the Agreement is, at the Company’s option, the Base Rate or the Eurocurrency Rate, as defined in the Agreement, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin is linked to the Leverage Ratio. The margins range from 1.00% to 1.50% for Eurocurrency Loans and from 0.00% to 0.50% for Base Rate Loans. In addition, a commitment fee is payable on the unused revolving credit facility commitments ranging from 0.20% to 0.30% per annum linked to the Leverage Ratio.

Obligations under the Agreement are secured by substantially all of the assets, excluding real estate and certain other excluded assets, of certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and certain foreign subsidiaries. Such obligations are also secured by a pledge of intercompany debt and equity investments in certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and, in the case of foreign obligations, of stock of certain foreign subsidiaries. All obligations under the Agreement are guaranteed by certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company, and certain foreign obligations under the Agreement are guaranteed by certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company.

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In order to maintain a capital structure containing appropriate amounts of fixed and floating-rate debt, the Company has entered into a series of interest rate swap agreements. These interest rate swap agreements were accounted for as either fair value hedges or cash flow hedges (see Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).

The Company assesses its capital raising and refinancing needs on an ongoing basis and may enter into additional credit facilities and seek to issue equity and/or debt securities in the domestic and international capital markets if market conditions are favorable. Also, depending on market conditions, the Company may elect to repurchase portions of its debt securities in the open market.

Cash Flows

Operating activities: Cash utilized in continuing operating activities was $662 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $150 million utilized for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in cash utilized by operating activities in the first six months of 2019 was primarily due to higher cash paid for asbestos-related payments and restructuring payments and higher working capital levels than in the same period in 2018. Working capital was a use of cash of $939 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to a use of cash of $586 million in the same period in 2018. The primary reasons for the higher use of working capital were higher accounts receivable balances and lower accounts payable balances than at year end 2018. As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company reduced its level of accounts receivable factoring compared to the most recent respective year periods and this led to a use of cash from working capital in the first six months of 2019 and 2018. The reduction in accounts receivable factoring compared to the most recent year end period was approximately $195 million more in the first six months of 2019 than in 2018 and this contributed to a higher use of cash from working capital in the 2019 period. Also, the Company has continued to experience higher year over year sales levels in several countries, such as Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, and lower sales levels in the U.S. This change in the Company’s sales mix has impacted its receivables as longer payment terms are more common outside the U.S. Together, the impact of less factoring and a higher mix of sales outside the U.S. have negatively impacted the Company’s operating cash flows in the first six months of 2019.

Cash payments for restructuring activities were $29 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to $12 million in the same period in 2018, driven higher in 2019 by several restructuring projects in the Americas region and at the corporate headquarters. Also, asbestos-related payments in the first six months of 2019 were $103 million, or approximately $77 million higher compared to the same period in the prior year, due to the execution of the Company’s de-risking and accelerated claim disposition strategy. The Company continues to expect that its full year 2019 asbestos-related payments will approximate $160 million. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. In addition, the Company utilized approximately $30 million of cash for other operating items in the first six months of 2019 compared to $8 million of cash utilized by other items in the same period in 2018. This change was due, in part, to the nonoccurrence in 2019 of a dividend paid to the Company by a joint venture investment in 2018 since the joint venture is utilizing its cash for a major project in the current year.

Investing activities: Cash utilized in investing activities was $410 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $287 million utilized for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Capital spending for property, plant and equipment was $233 million during the first six months of 2019 compared to $273 million in the same period in 2018. Capital spending decreased in the first six months of 2019 due to lower project activity in the Asia Pacific region, as well as a lower level of vendor invoices paid in early 2019 that were accrued at the end of 2018 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Cash paid for acquisitions was $157 million and $0 for the first six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. On June 28, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of Nueva Fábrica Nacional de Vidrio, S. de R.L. de C.V., a four furnace glass plant located near Mexico City, Mexico, from Grupo Modelo, a wholly owned affiliate of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV. Through June 30, 2019, $157 million of the purchase price has been paid for this facility and an additional $38 million is expected to be paid by the end of 2019. Contributions and advances to joint ventures were $22 million and $25 million in the first six months of 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Financing activities: Cash provided by financing activities was $926 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $322 million for the same period in 2018. The increase in cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to higher net borrowings in the first half of 2019.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors had authorized a share repurchase program with approximately $550 million in remaining repurchase authority. Through the first six months of 2019 and 2018, the

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Company repurchased $38 million and $95 million, respectively, in shares of the Company’s stock. Additional share repurchases in 2019 will be dependent on the generation of net proceeds from divestitures and the timing of cash generation. In addition, the Company paid dividends of $16 million in the first six months of 2019. On July 31, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.05 per share, which will be paid on September 16, 2019, to shareholders of record on the close of business on August 30, 2019. The Board anticipates declaring a dividend in future quarters on a regular basis; however, future declarations of dividends are subject to Board approval and may be adjusted based on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flow, or as business needs or market conditions change. Also, the Company received approximately $28 million in proceeds related to hedging activity in the first six months of 2019.

In July 2019, a subsidiary of the Company redeemed €250 million aggregate principal amount to holders of its outstanding 6.75% senior notes due 2020 (the “Notes”). Following the redemption, €250 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes remain outstanding. The Notes were redeemed at a price equal to the sum of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, the applicable premium calculated in accordance with the terms of the Notes and the related indenture, and the accrued and unpaid interest on the Notes up to, but not including, the redemption date. In the third quarter of 2019, the Company recorded note repurchase premiums and the write-off of deferred finance fees of approximately $24 million related to the redeemed Notes. The Company funded the redemption with cash on hand and revolver borrowings.

The Company anticipates that cash flows from its operations and from utilization of credit available under the Agreement will be sufficient to fund its operating and seasonal working capital needs, debt service and other obligations on a short-term (twelve-months) and long-term basis. Based on the Company's expectations regarding future payments for lawsuits and claims and also based on the Company's expected operating cash flow, the Company believes that the payment of any deferred amounts of previously settled or otherwise determined lawsuits and claims, and the resolution of presently pending and anticipated future lawsuits and claims associated with asbestos, will not have a material adverse effect upon the Company's liquidity on a short-term or long-term basis.

The Company currently intends to retain earnings for use in its business, for investment in acquisitions and to repurchase shares of its common stock. The Company continuously reassesses its capital allocation strategy, and evaluates a variety of options, including share repurchases and dividends, as a means to return capital to its share owners.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The Company’s analysis and discussion of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon its consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The Company evaluates these estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Estimates and assumptions are based on historical and other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances at the time the financial statements are issued. The results of these estimates may form the basis of the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities and may not be readily apparent from other sources. Actual results, under conditions and circumstances different from those assumed, may differ from estimates.

The impact of, and any associated risks related to, estimates and assumptions are discussed within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, as well as in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, if applicable, where estimates and assumptions affect the Company’s reported and expected financial results.

Goodwill – The Company evaluates goodwill annually (or more frequent if impairment indicators arise) for impairment. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company completed its annual impairment testing and determined that no impairment of goodwill existed. However, this testing did indicate that the business enterprise value for the Company’s North America reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 12% and was determined to be the reporting unit with the greatest risk of a future impairment if actual results fell modestly short of expectations.

Based on operating results for the first six months ended June 30, 2019 and current forecasts, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that the business enterprise value for each of its reporting units is still greater than the book value and the cushion continues to be monitored. Accordingly, no goodwill impairment indicators were present at June

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30, 2019, that would necessitate an interim impairment assessment. The Company is continuing to review its business plans and taking actions to improve performance for all its segments. The Company will conduct its annual goodwill impairment testing as of October 1, 2019, and this assessment will include the most current business plan information. The Company will continue to monitor its business plans throughout 2019 to determine if an interim goodwill evaluation should be conducted. The finalization of the annual budgeting and planning cycle in the fourth quarter of 2019 could result in a goodwill impairment. As of June 30, 2019, the North America reporting unit had goodwill of approximately $1.04 billion.

There have been no other material changes in critical accounting estimates at June 30, 2019 from those described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Forward-Looking Statements

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This document contains "forward-looking" statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933. Forward-looking statements reflect the Company's current expectations and projections about future events at the time, and thus involve uncertainty and risk. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “may,” “plan,” “estimate,” “intend,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” and the negatives of these words and other similar expressions generally identify forward-looking statements. It is possible the Company's future financial performance may differ from expectations due to a variety of factors including, but not limited to the following: (1) foreign currency fluctuations relative to the U.S. dollar, (2) changes in capital availability or cost, including interest rate fluctuations and the ability of the Company to refinance debt at favorable terms, (3) the general political, economic and competitive conditions in markets and countries where the Company has operations, including uncertainties related to Brexit, economic and social conditions, disruptions in the supply chain, competitive pricing pressures, inflation or deflation, and changes in tax rates and laws, (4) the Company’s ability to generate sufficient future cash flows to ensure the Company’s goodwill is not impaired, (5) consumer preferences for alternative forms of packaging, (6) cost and availability of raw materials, labor, energy and transportation, (7) the Company’s ability to manage its cost structure, including its success in implementing restructuring plans and achieving cost savings, (8) consolidation among competitors and customers, (9) the Company’s ability to acquire businesses and expand plants, integrate operations of acquired businesses and achieve expected synergies, (10) unanticipated expenditures with respect to data privacy, environmental, safety and health laws, (11) unanticipated operational disruptions, including higher capital spending, (12) the Company’s ability to further develop its sales, marketing and product development capabilities, (13) the failure of the Company’s joint venture partners to meet their obligations or commit additional capital to the joint venture, (14) the ability of the Company and the third parties on which it relies for information technology system support to prevent and detect security breaches related to cybersecurity and data privacy, (15) the Company’s ability to accurately estimate its total asbestos-related liability or to control the timing and occurrence of events related to outstanding asbestos-related claims, including but not limited to settlements of those claims, (16) changes in U.S. trade policies, (17) the Company’s ability to achieve its strategic plan, and the other risk factors discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and any subsequently filed Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. It is not possible to foresee or identify all such factors. Any forward-looking statements in this document are based on certain assumptions and analyses made by the Company in light of its experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments, and other factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. Forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from expectations. While the Company continually reviews trends and uncertainties affecting the Company's results of operations and financial condition, the Company does not assume any obligation to update or supplement any particular forward-looking statements contained in this document.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

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There have been no material changes in market risk at June 30, 2019 from those described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time

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periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Also, the Company has investments in certain unconsolidated entities. As the Company does not control or manage these entities, its disclosure controls and procedures with respect to such entities are necessarily substantially more limited than those maintained with respect to its consolidated subsidiaries.

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the foregoing, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of June 30, 2019.

As required by Rule 13a-15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of any change in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting. There have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to material affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

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Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

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For further information on legal proceedings, see Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, “Contingencies,” that is included in Part I of this Quarterly Report and incorporated herein by reference.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes in risk factors at June 30, 2019 from those described in the Company’s

Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

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The Company purchased 2,064,652 shares of its common stock during the first six months of 2019 for approximately $38 million pursuant to authorization by its Board of Directors in January 2018 to purchase up to $400 million of the Company’s common stock along with an authorization by its Board of Directors in November 2018 to purchase an additional $313 million of the Company’s common stock. The following table provides information about the Company’s purchases of its common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2019:

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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
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Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (in thousands) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan (in thousands) |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan (in millions) |
April 1 - April 30, 2019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 512 | ​
May 1 - May 31, 2019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 512 | ​
June 1 - June 30, 2019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 512 | ​

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Item 6. Exhibits.

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Exhibit 4.1 | Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and Syndicated Facility Agreement, dated June 25, 2019, by and among the Borrowers named therein, Owens-Illinois General Inc., as Borrowers’ Agent, Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch, as Administrative Agent, and the other Agents, Arrangers and Lenders named therein (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Owens-Illinois, Inc.’s Form 8-K filed June 26, 2019, File No. 1-9576, and incorporated herein by reference).
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Exhibit 4.2 | First Amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of June 25, 2019, by and among Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent for the lenders party to the Credit Agreement (as defined therein) and any other parties thereto (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Owens-Illinois, Inc.’s Form 8-K filed June 26, 2019, File No. 1-9576, and incorporated herein by reference).
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Exhibit 4.3 | Domestic Guarantor Consent and Reaffirmation, dated as of June 25, 2019, by and among Owens-Illinois Group, Inc., the Subsidiary Grantors (as defined therein) and Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch, as the Collateral Agent. (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Owens-Illinois, Inc.’s Form 8-K filed June 26, 2019, File No. 1-9576, and incorporated herein by reference).
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Exhibit 10.1 | Form of Employee Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for use under the Owens-Illinois, Inc. Amended and Restated 2017 Incentive Award Plan.
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Exhibit 10.2 | Form of Employee Performance Stock Unit Agreement for use under the Owens-Illinois, Inc. Amended and Restated 2017 Incentive Award Plan.
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Exhibit 10.3 | Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for use under the Owens-Illinois, Inc. Amended and Restated 2017 Incentive Award Plan.
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Exhibit 31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
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Exhibit 31.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
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Exhibit 32.1* | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
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Exhibit 32.2* | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
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Exhibit 101 | Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Owens-Illinois, Inc. for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, were formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

* | This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

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SIGNATURES

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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|  | ​ |  |
​ | ​ | OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC.
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Date | August 1, 2019 | ​ | By | /s/ John A. Haudrich
​ | ​ | ​ | John A. Haudrich
​ | ​ | ​ | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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