10-Q 1 vishayintertech_10q.htm QUARTERLY REPORT
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended April 2, 2016

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______
Commission File Number 1-7416
VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 38-1686453
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
63 Lancaster Avenue Malvern, PA 19355-2143 |  | 610-644-1300
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Registrant's Area Code and Telephone Number)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ý Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.
ýYes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

| Large accelerated filer ý | Accelerated filer ☐
| Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
☐ Yes ý No
As of April 29, 2016, the registrant had 135,564,729 shares of its common stock and 12,129,227 shares of its Class B common stock outstanding.
1

This page intentionally left blank.
2

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
FORM 10-Q
April 2, 2016
CONTENTS

|  |  |  | Page Number
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
| Item 1. | Financial Statements |  |
|  | Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets – April 2, 2016 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2015 |  | 4
|  | Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited) – Fiscal Quarters Ended April 2, 2016 and April 4, 2015 |  | 6
|  | Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) – Fiscal Quarters Ended April 2, 2016 and April 4, 2015 |  | 7
|  | Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) – Fiscal Quarters Ended April 2, 2016 and April 4, 2015 |  | 8
|  | Consolidated Condensed Statement of Equity (Unaudited) |  | 9
|  | Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  | 10
| Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 30
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 51
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |  | 51
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |  |
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |  | 52
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors |  | 52
| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 52
| Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 52
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 52
| Item 5. | Other Information |  | 52
| Item 6. | Exhibits |  | 53
|  | SIGNATURES |  | 54

3

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets
(In thousands)

|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 531,296 |  |  | $ | 475,507 |
Short-term investments |  |  | 544,328 |  |  |  | 619,040 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 286,996 |  |  |  | 272,559 |
Inventories: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finished goods |  |  | 118,276 |  |  |  | 108,869 |
Work in process |  |  | 201,133 |  |  |  | 201,045 |
Raw materials |  |  | 106,836 |  |  |  | 110,657 |
Total inventories |  |  | 426,245 |  |  |  | 420,571 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 99,753 |  |  |  | 99,815 |
Total current assets |  |  | 1,888,618 |  |  |  | 1,887,492 |
Property and equipment, at cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Land |  |  | 91,351 |  |  |  | 89,593 |
Buildings and improvements |  |  | 575,447 |  |  |  | 562,171 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 2,424,312 |  |  |  | 2,380,299 |
Construction in progress |  |  | 68,514 |  |  |  | 79,910 |
Allowance for depreciation |  |  | (2,299,172 | ) |  |  | (2,246,677 | )
|  |  | 860,452 |  |  |  | 865,296 |
Goodwill |  |  | 142,183 |  |  |  | 138,244 |
Other intangible assets, net |  |  | 100,541 |  |  |  | 103,258 |
Other assets |  |  | 154,830 |  |  |  | 158,696 |
Total assets |  | $ | 3,146,624 |  |  | $ | 3,152,986 |

Continues on following page.
4

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets (continued)
(In thousands)

|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  |  |
Liabilities and equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable to banks |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Trade accounts payable |  |  | 143,375 |  |  |  | 157,210 |
Payroll and related expenses |  |  | 112,114 |  |  |  | 113,976 |
Other accrued expenses |  |  | 160,902 |  |  |  | 164,336 |
Income taxes |  |  | 21,633 |  |  |  | 22,198 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 438,027 |  |  |  | 457,724 |
Long-term debt less current portion |  |  | 400,124 |  |  |  | 436,738 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 306,333 |  |  |  | 305,413 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 63,964 |  |  |  | 60,450 |
Accrued pension and other postretirement costs |  |  | 255,447 |  |  |  | 264,618 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 1,463,895 |  |  |  | 1,524,943 |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vishay stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock |  |  | 13,556 |  |  |  | 13,546 |
Class B convertible common stock |  |  | 1,213 |  |  |  | 1,213 |
Capital in excess of par value |  |  | 2,059,228 |  |  |  | 2,058,492 |
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings |  |  | (300,673 | ) |  |  | (319,448 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (96,300 | ) |  |  | (131,327 | )
Total Vishay stockholders' equity |  |  | 1,677,024 |  |  |  | 1,622,476 |
Noncontrolling interests |  |  | 5,705 |  |  |  | 5,567 |
Total equity |  |  | 1,682,729 |  |  |  | 1,628,043 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 3,146,624 |  |  | $ | 3,152,986 |

See accompanying notes.
5

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations
(Unaudited - In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 570,606 |  |  | $ | 593,436 |
Costs of products sold |  |  | 433,297 |  |  |  | 448,398 |
Gross profit |  |  | 137,309 |  |  |  | 145,038 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  |  | 90,286 |  |  |  | 96,070 |
Restructuring and severance costs |  |  | 6,475 |  |  |  | 1,410 |
Operating income |  |  | 40,548 |  |  |  | 47,558 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (6,466 | ) |  |  | (6,361 | )
Other |  |  | 779 |  |  |  | 3,460 |
Gain on early extinguishment of debt |  |  | 3,611 |  |  |  | - |
|  |  | (2,076 | ) |  |  | (2,901 | )
Income before taxes |  |  | 38,472 |  |  |  | 44,657 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 10,320 |  |  |  | 13,732 |
Net earnings |  |  | 28,152 |  |  |  | 30,925 |
Less: net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 226 |
Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 28,014 |  |  | $ | 30,699 |
Basic earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic |  |  | 147,833 |  |  |  | 147,698 |
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted |  |  | 150,628 |  |  |  | 152,666 |
Cash dividends per share |  | $ | 0.0625 |  |  | $ | 0.0600 |

See accompanying notes.
6

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited - In thousands)

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
Net earnings |  | $ | 28,152 |  |  | $ | 30,925 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension and other post-retirement actuarial items |  |  | 1,868 |  |  |  | 2,113 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | 32,532 |  |  |  | (76,318 | )
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities |  |  | 627 |  |  |  | (154 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 35,027 |  |  |  | (74,359 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 63,179 |  |  |  | (43,434 | )
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 226 |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 63,041 |  |  | $ | (43,660 | )

See accompanying notes.
7

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited - In thousands)

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 28,152 |  |  | $ | 30,925 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 40,017 |  |  |  | 45,410 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (83 | )
Accretion of interest on convertible debentures |  |  | 1,120 |  |  |  | 1,036 |
Inventory write-offs for obsolescence |  |  | 5,816 |  |  |  | 4,854 |
Gain on early extinguishment of debt |  |  | (3,611 | ) |  |  | - |
Other |  |  | (13,950 | ) |  |  | (7,080 | )
Net change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of businesses acquired |  |  | (37,264 | ) |  |  | (61,564 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 20,258 |  |  |  | 13,498 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (19,756 | ) |  |  | (19,782 | )
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 719 |
Purchase of short-term investments |  |  | (24,588 | ) |  |  | (78,905 | )
Maturity of short-term investments |  |  | 117,676 |  |  |  | 17,414 |
Sale of short-term investments |  |  | - |  |  |  | 503 |
Sale of other investments |  |  | - |  |  |  | 400 |
Other investing activities |  |  | 2,975 |  |  |  | 977 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | 76,371 |  |  |  | (78,674 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Principal payments on long-term debt and capital leases |  |  | (22,595 | ) |  |  | - |
Net proceeds (payments) on revolving credit lines |  |  | (12,000 | ) |  |  | 15,000 |
Net changes in short-term borrowings |  |  | (719 | ) |  |  | (6 | )
Dividends paid to common stockholders |  |  | (8,473 | ) |  |  | (8,126 | )
Dividends paid to Class B common stockholders |  |  | (758 | ) |  |  | (728 | )
Excess tax benefit from RSUs vested |  |  | - |  |  |  | 21 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  | (44,545 | ) |  |  | 6,161 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 3,705 |  |  |  | (16,155 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 55,789 |  |  |  | (75,170 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 475,507 |  |  |  | 592,172 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 531,296 |  |  | $ | 517,002 |

See accompanying notes.
8

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Statement of Equity
(Unaudited - In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Class B Convertible Common Stock |  |  | Capital in Excess of Par Value |  |  | Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | Total Vishay Stockholders' Equity |  |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | Total Equity |
Balance at January 1, 2016 |  | $ | 13,546 |  |  | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | 2,058,492 |  |  | $ | (319,448 | ) |  | $ | (131,327 | ) |  | $ | 1,622,476 |  |  | $ | 5,567 |  |  | $ | 1,628,043 |
Net earnings |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 28,014 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 28,014 |  |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 28,152 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 35,027 |  |  |  | 35,027 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 35,027 |
Restricted stock issuances (103,918 shares) |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (452 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (442 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (442 | )
Dividends declared ($ 0.0625 per share) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | (9,239 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (9,231 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (9,231 | )
Stock compensation expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,201 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,201 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,201 |
Tax effects of stock plan |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (21 | )
Balance at April 2, 2016 |  | $ | 13,556 |  |  | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | 2,059,228 |  |  | $ | (300,673 | ) |  | $ | (96,300 | ) |  | $ | 1,677,024 |  |  | $ | 5,705 |  |  | $ | 1,682,729 |

See accompanying notes.
9

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 1 – Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements of Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. ("Vishay" or the "Company") have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and therefore do not include all information and footnotes necessary for presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") for complete financial statements. The information furnished reflects all normal recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair summary of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements filed with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. The results of operations for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
The Company reports interim financial information for 13-week periods beginning on a Sunday and ending on a Saturday, except for the first fiscal quarter, which always begins on January 1, and the fourth fiscal quarter, which always ends on December 31. The four fiscal quarters in 2016 end on April 2, 2016, July 2, 2016, October 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016, respectively. The four fiscal quarters in 2015 ended on April 4, 2015, July 4, 2015, October 3, 2015, and December 31, 2015, respectively.
Recently Issued Accounting Guidance
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The ASU is the result of a convergence project between the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. The ASU removes inconsistencies and weaknesses in revenue requirements; provides a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues; improves comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions, and capital markets; provides more useful information to users of financial statements through expanded disclosure requirements; and simplifies the preparation of financial statements by reducing the number of requirements to which an entity must refer. The ASU is effective for the Company for interim and annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with the ability to early adopt on January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of the ASU on its revenue contracts and its adoption alternatives.
In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. The ASU is the result of the FASB's simplification initiative intended to improve GAAP by reducing costs and complexity while maintaining or enhancing the usefulness of related financial statement information. The ASU eliminates the requirement for an acquirer in a business combination to account for measurement-period adjustments retrospectively, and to instead recognize measurement-period adjustments during the period in which the acquirer determines the amount, including the effect on earnings of any amounts which would have been recorded in previous periods if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. The Company adopted the ASU effective January 1, 2016. The ASU had no effect on the Company's results of operations or liquidity.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The ASU is the result of a project between the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Upon adoption of the ASU, the Company will recognize lease assets and liabilities for its operating leases which are not currently reported on its consolidated balance sheets. The ASU is effective for the Company for interim and annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with the ability to early adopt. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of the ASU on its lease contracts.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The ASU is the result of the FASB's simplification initiative intended to improve GAAP by reducing costs and complexity while maintaining or enhancing the usefulness of related financial statement information. The ASU simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The ASU is effective for the Company for interim and annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017, with the ability to early adopt. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of the ASU on its employee share-based payment accounting.
Reclassifications
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current financial statements presentation.
10

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 2 – Acquisition Activities
As part of its growth strategy, the Company seeks to expand through targeted acquisitions of other manufacturers of electronic components that have established positions in major markets, reputations for product quality and reliability, and product lines with which the Company has substantial marketing and technical expertise.
In the fourth fiscal quarter of 2015, the Company deposited the $6,750 purchase price of Sonntag Electronic GmbH ("Sonntag"). The purchase price, net of cash acquired was $5,450. The acquisition was effective January 1, 2016. Sonntag is a distributor of electronic components in Germany. The inclusion of this business did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016. After allocating the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on an estimation of their fair values at the date of acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill of $3,485 related to this acquisition. The goodwill related to this acquisition is included in the Resistors & Inductors reporting unit for goodwill impairment testing.
Had this acquisition occurred as of the beginning of the periods presented in these consolidated condensed financial statements, the pro forma statements of operations would not be materially different than the consolidated condensed statements of operations presented.
The remaining fluctuation in the goodwill account balance is due to foreign currency translation.
11

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 3 – Restructuring and Related Activities
The Company places a strong emphasis on controlling its costs and combats general price inflation by continuously improving its efficiency and operating performance. When the ongoing cost containment activities are not adequate, the Company takes actions to maintain its cost competitiveness.
The Company incurred significant restructuring costs in its past to reduce its cost structure. Historically, the Company's primary cost reduction technique was through the transfer of production from high-labor-cost countries to lower-labor-cost countries. Since 2013, the Company's cost reduction programs have primarily focused on reducing fixed costs, including selling, general, and administrative expenses.
In 2013, the Company announced various cost reduction programs. The cash costs of these programs, primarily severance, are expected to be approximately $34,000. These programs were substantially implemented by the end of the first fiscal quarter of 2016. Many of the severance costs were recognized ratably over the required stay periods.
In 2015, the Company announced additional global cost reduction programs. These programs include a facility closure in the Netherlands. The cash costs of these programs, primarily severance, are expected to aggregate to approximately $30,000. Complete implementation of these programs is expected to occur before the end of 2017.
The following table summarizes restructuring and related expenses which were recognized and reported on a separate line in the accompanying consolidated condensed statements of operations:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
MOSFETs Enhanced Competitiveness Program |  | $ | 3,915 |  |  | $ | 1,353 |
Voluntary Separation / Retirement Program |  |  | - |  |  |  | 57 |
Modules Production Transfer Program |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Global Cost Reduction Programs |  |  | 2,560 |  |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | 6,475 |  |  | $ | 1,410 |

MOSFETs Enhanced Competitiveness Program
Over a period of approximately 2 years and in a series of discrete steps, the manufacture of wafers for a substantial share of products was transferred into a more cost-efficient fab. As a consequence, certain other manufacturing currently occurring in-house was transferred to third-party foundries.
The transfer of production was substantially completed by the end of the first fiscal quarter of 2016. Employees generally were required to remain with the Company during the production transfer period. Accordingly, the Company accrued these severance costs ratably over the respective employees' remaining service periods. The Company has incurred and will continue to incur other exit costs associated with the production transfer, including certain contract termination costs. The total costs associated with these initiatives, primarily severance, are expected to be approximately $18,000.
The following table summarizes the activity to date related to this program:

Expense recorded in 2013 |  | $ | 2,328 |
Cash paid |  |  | (267 | )
Balance at December 31, 2013 |  | $ | 2,061 |
Expense recorded in 2014 |  |  | 6,025 |
Cash paid |  |  | (856 | )
Balance at December 31, 2014 |  | $ | 7,230 |
Expense recorded in 2015 |  |  | 5,367 |
Cash paid |  |  | (426 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | 1 |
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | 12,172 |
Expense recorded in 2016 |  |  | 3,915 |
Cash paid |  |  | (5,840 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | 6 |
Balance at April 2, 2016 |  | $ | 10,253 |

Severance benefits are generally paid in a lump sum at cessation of employment. Other exit costs of $3,925 are included in the expenses incurred in 2016 in the table above. The entire amount of the liability is considered current and is included in other accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated condensed balance sheets.
12

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Voluntary Separation / Retirement Program
The voluntary separation / early retirement program was offered to employees worldwide who were eligible because they met job classification, age, and years-of-service criteria as of October 31, 2013. The program benefits varied by country and job classification, but generally included a cash loyalty bonus based on years of service. All employees eligible for the program have left the Company.
These employees generally were not aligned with any particular segment. The effective separation / retirement date for most employees who accepted the offer was June 30, 2014 or earlier, with a few exceptions to allow for a transition period.
The following table summarizes the activity to date related to this program:

Expense recorded in 2013 |  | $ | 486 |
Cash paid |  |  | (98 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | 3 |
Balance at December 31, 2013 |  | $ | 391 |
Expense recorded in 2014 |  |  | 12,792 |
Cash paid |  |  | (8,054 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | (455 | )
Balance at December 31, 2014 |  | $ | 4,674 |
Expense recorded in 2015 |  |  | 95 |
Cash paid |  |  | (3,166 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | (258 | )
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | 1,345 |
Cash paid |  |  | (256 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | 34 |
Balance at April 2, 2016 |  | $ | 1,123 |

The payment terms vary by country, but generally are paid in a lump sum at cessation of employment. Certain participants are being paid in installments. The entire amount of the liability is considered current and is included in other accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated condensed balance sheets.
Modules Production Transfer
In an effort to reduce costs and streamline production of its module products within its Diodes segment, the Company committed to two smaller cost reduction programs related to the transfer of production of certain of its products.
The following table summarizes the activity to date related to this program:

Expense recorded in 2014 |  | $ | 2,080 |
Cash paid |  |  | (464 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | (121 | )
Balance at December 31, 2014 |  | $ | 1,495 |
Cash paid |  |  | (718 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | (120 | )
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | 657 |
Cash paid |  |  | (5 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | 30 |
Balance at April 2, 2016 |  | $ | 682 |

Severance benefits are generally paid in a lump sum at cessation of employment. The entire amount of the liability is considered current and is included in other accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated condensed balance sheets.
13

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Global Cost Reduction Programs
The global cost reduction programs announced in 2015 include a plan to reduce selling, general, and administrative costs company-wide, and targeted streamlining and consolidation of production for certain product lines within its Capacitors and Resistors & Inductors segments.
The following table summarizes the activity to date related to this program:

Expense recorded in 2015 |  | $ | 13,753 |
Cash paid |  |  | (986 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | (150 | )
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | 12,617 |
Expense recorded in 2016 |  |  | 2,560 |
Cash paid |  |  | (4,072 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | 299 |
Balance at April 2, 2016 |  | $ | 11,404 |

The following table summarizes the expense recognized in 2016 by segment related to this program:

Diodes |  | $ | 448 |
Optoelectronic Components |  |  | 178 |
Resistors & Inductors |  |  | 1,018 |
Capacitors |  |  | 334 |
Unallocated Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses |  |  | 582 |
Total |  | $ | 2,560 |

Severance benefits are generally paid in a lump sum at cessation of employment. The current portion of the liability is $8,864 and is included in other accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated condensed balance sheets. The non-current portion of the liability is included in other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
14

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 4 – Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes consists of provisions for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. The effective tax rates for the periods ended April 2, 2016 and April 4, 2015 reflect the Company's expected tax rate on reported income from continuing operations before income tax and tax adjustments. The Company operates in a global environment with significant operations in various jurisdictions outside the United States. Accordingly, the consolidated income tax rate is a composite rate reflecting the Company's earnings and the applicable tax rates in the various jurisdictions where the Company operates.
Income tax expense for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016 includes a remeasurement of the deferred tax liability recorded for the cash repatriation program announced in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2015 of $769.
During the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2016, the liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits increased by $1,150 on a net basis, principally due to increases for tax positions taken in prior periods, interest, and foreign currency effects.
15

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 5 – Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following:

|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |
Credit facility |  | $ | 178,000 |  |  | $ | 190,000 |
Exchangeable unsecured notes, due 2102 |  |  | 12,436 |  |  |  | 38,642 |
Convertible senior debentures, due 2040 |  |  | 106,573 |  |  |  | 106,011 |
Convertible senior debentures, due 2041 |  |  | 54,746 |  |  |  | 54,424 |
Convertible senior debentures, due 2042 |  |  | 60,583 |  |  |  | 60,320 |
Deferred financing costs |  |  | (12,214 | ) |  |  | (12,659 | )
|  |  | 400,124 |  |  |  | 436,738 |
Less current portion |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 400,124 |  |  | $ | 436,738 |

Convertible Senior Debentures
Vishay currently has three issuances of convertible senior debentures outstanding with generally congruent terms. The quarterly cash dividend program of the Company results in adjustments to the conversion rate and effective conversion price for each issuance of the Company's convertible senior debentures effective as of the ex-dividend date of each cash dividend.
The following table summarizes some key facts and terms regarding the three series of outstanding convertible senior debentures following the adjustment made to the conversion rate of the debentures on the ex-dividend date of the March 29, 2016 dividend payment:

|  | Due 2040 |  |  | Due 2041 |  |  | Due 2042 |
Issuance date |  | November 9, 2010 |  |  | May 13, 2011 |  |  | May 31, 2012 |
Maturity date |  | November 15, 2040 |  |  | May 15, 2041 |  |  | June 1, 2042 |
Principal amount |  | $ | 275,000 |  |  | $ | 150,000 |  |  | $ | 150,000 |
Cash coupon rate (per annum) |  |  | 2.25 | % |  |  | 2.25 | % |  |  | 2.25 | %
Nonconvertible debt borrowing rate at issuance (per annum) |  |  | 8.00 | % |  |  | 8.375 | % |  |  | 7.50 | %
Conversion rate effective March 9, 2016 (per $1 principal amount) |  |  | 75.1038 |  |  |  | 54.8068 |  |  |  | 88.3041 |
Effective conversion price effective March 9, 2016 (per share) |  | $ | 13.31 |  |  | $ | 18.25 |  |  | $ | 11.32 |
130% of the conversion price (per share) |  | $ | 17.30 |  |  | $ | 23.73 |  |  | $ | 14.72 |
Call date |  | November 20, 2020 |  |  | May 20, 2021 |  |  | June 7, 2022 |

Prior to three months before the maturity date, the holders may only convert their debentures under the following circumstances: (1) during any fiscal quarter after the first full quarter subsequent to issuance, if the sale price of Vishay common stock reaches 130% of the conversion price for a specified period; (2) the trading price of the debentures falls below 98% of the product of the sale price of Vishay's common stock and the conversion rate for a specified period; (3) Vishay calls any or all of the debentures for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the third scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.
Based on an evaluation of the conversion criteria at April 2, 2016 and December 31, 2015, none of the convertible senior debentures due 2040, due 2041, or due 2042 were convertible. The conversion criteria of the debentures will continue to be evaluated and the debentures may become convertible in the future. At the direction of the Company's Board of Directors, the Company intends, upon conversion, to repay the principal amount of the convertible debentures in cash and settle any additional amounts in shares of the Company's common stock. The Company intends to finance the principal amount of any converted debentures using borrowings under its credit facility.
16

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
GAAP requires an issuer to separately account for the liability and equity components of the instrument in a manner that reflects the issuer's nonconvertible debt borrowing rate when interest costs are recognized in subsequent periods. The resulting discount on the debt is amortized as non-cash interest expense in future periods.
The carrying values of the liability and equity components of the convertible debentures are reflected in the Company's consolidated condensed balance sheets as follows:

|  | Principal amount of the debentures |  |  | Unamortized discount |  |  | Embedded derivative |  |  | Carrying value of liability component |  |  | Equity component - net carrying value |
April 2, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due 2040 |  | $ | 275,000 |  |  |  | (169,009 | ) |  |  | 582 |  |  | $ | 106,573 |  |  | $ | 110,094 |
Due 2041 |  | $ | 150,000 |  |  |  | (95,730 | ) |  |  | 476 |  |  | $ | 54,746 |  |  | $ | 62,246 |
Due 2042 |  | $ | 150,000 |  |  |  | (89,702 | ) |  |  | 285 |  |  | $ | 60,583 |  |  | $ | 57,874 |
Total |  | $ | 575,000 |  |  | $ | (354,441 | ) |  | $ | 1,343 |  |  | $ | 221,902 |  |  | $ | 230,214 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due 2040 |  | $ | 275,000 |  |  |  | (169,565 | ) |  |  | 576 |  |  | $ | 106,011 |  |  | $ | 110,094 |
Due 2041 |  | $ | 150,000 |  |  |  | (96,014 | ) |  |  | 438 |  |  | $ | 54,424 |  |  | $ | 62,246 |
Due 2042 |  | $ | 150,000 |  |  |  | (89,982 | ) |  |  | 302 |  |  | $ | 60,320 |  |  | $ | 57,874 |
Total |  | $ | 575,000 |  |  | $ | (355,561 | ) |  | $ | 1,316 |  |  | $ | 220,755 |  |  | $ | 230,214 |

Interest is payable on the debentures semi-annually at the cash coupon rate; however, the remaining debt discount is being amortized as additional non-cash interest expense using an effective annual interest rate equal to the Company's estimated nonconvertible debt borrowing rate at the time of issuance. In addition to ordinary interest, contingent interest will accrue in certain circumstances relating to the trading price of the debentures and under certain other circumstances beginning ten years subsequent to issuance.
Interest expense related to the debentures is reflected on the consolidated condensed statements of operations for the fiscal quarters ended:

|  | Contractual coupon interest |  |  | Non-cash amortization of debt discount |  |  | Non-cash amortization of deferred financing costs |  |  | Non-cash change in value of derivative liability |  |  | Total interest expense related to the debentures |
April 2, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due 2040 |  | $ | 1,547 |  |  |  | 556 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  | $ | 2,131 |
Due 2041 |  | $ | 844 |  |  |  | 284 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 38 |  |  | $ | 1,177 |
Due 2042 |  | $ | 844 |  |  |  | 280 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | (17 | ) |  | $ | 1,120 |
Total |  | $ | 3,235 |  |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 4,428 |
April 4, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due 2040 |  | $ | 1,547 |  |  |  | 515 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | (59 | ) |  | $ | 2,025 |
Due 2041 |  | $ | 844 |  |  |  | 261 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | $ | 1,130 |
Due 2042 |  | $ | 844 |  |  |  | 260 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  | $ | 1,110 |
Total |  | $ | 3,235 |  |  | $ | 1,036 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | (53 | ) |  | $ | 4,265 |

17

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Exchangeable Unsecured Notes, due 2102
On March 31, 2016, pursuant to an agreement dated March 10, 2016, the Company acquired from a holder $26,206 principal amount of the Company's floating rate exchangeable unsecured notes due 2102. The purchase price for this privately negotiated transaction was $22,595. Vishay recognized a gain on early extinguishment of debt of $3,611 presented as a separate line item in the accompanying consolidated condensed statement of operations for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016.
The exchangeable unsecured notes were issued in 2002 in connection with an acquisition, and are subject to a put and call agreement dated December 13, 2002. Holders may at any time put the notes to Vishay in exchange for shares of common stock; and Vishay may call the notes in exchange for cash or for shares of its common stock at any time after January 2, 2018. Subsequent to the spin-off of Vishay Precision Group in 2010, the put/call rate of the notes is $15.39 per share of common stock. The notes bear interest at LIBOR, payable quarterly.
The notes that Vishay repurchased from a holder had been exchangeable for 1,702,813 shares of Vishay common stock.
Following this transaction, Vishay has outstanding exchangeable unsecured notes with a principal amount of approximately $12,436, which are exchangeable for an aggregate of approximately 808,000 shares of Vishay common stock.
18

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 6 – Other Income (Expense)
On August 12, 2015, a major explosion occurred in the port of Tianjin, China. Vishay owns and operates a diodes manufacturing facility in Tianjin near the port. The shockwave of the explosion resulted in some damage to the facility and caused a temporary shutdown. Full production resumed on September 8, 2015.
As a result of this incident, through the end of the first fiscal quarter of 2016, the Company estimates that it has incurred $10,145 for inventory, property, and equipment damage (at net book value) and related repair and clean-up costs. As of April 2, 2016, the Company has recorded a receivable of $4,795 for amounts which are probable of recovery under its insurance policies. The Company recorded, as a separate line item, a loss related to these items in 2015, which represents the insurance deductible and certain costs which are potentially not recoverable.
The Company's insurance coverage generally provides for replacement cost of damaged items. The insurance claims process continues as expected. Any amount expected to be received in excess of the book value of the damaged item will be treated as a gain, but will not be recorded until contingencies are resolved. The Company also believes that it has valid claims under its business interruption insurance policies, but those claims cannot be quantified at this time. The Company will not record a receivable for business interruption claims until all contingencies have been resolved.
19

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 7 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The cumulative balance of each component of other comprehensive income (loss) and the income tax effects allocated to each component are as follows:

|  | Pension and other post-retirement actuarial items |  |  | Currency translation adjustment |  |  | Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities |  |  | Total |
Balance at January 1, 2016 |  | $ | (136,422 | ) |  | $ | 4,597 |  |  |  | 498 |  |  | $ | (131,327 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | - |  |  |  | 32,532 |  |  |  | 964 |  |  | $ | 33,496 |
Tax effect |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (337 | ) |  | $ | (337 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax |  |  | - |  |  |  | 32,532 |  |  |  | 627 |  |  | $ | 33,159 |
Amounts reclassified out of AOCI |  |  | 2,669 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | 2,669 |
Tax effect |  |  | (801 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | (801 | )
Amounts reclassified out of AOCI, net of tax |  |  | 1,868 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | 1,868 |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 1,868 |  |  | $ | 32,532 |  |  | $ | 627 |  |  | $ | 35,027 |
Balance at April 2, 2016 |  | $ | (134,554 | ) |  | $ | 37,129 |  |  | $ | 1,125 |  |  | $ | (96,300 | )

Reclassifications of pension and other post-retirement actuarial items out of AOCI are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. (See Note 8 for further information).
Other comprehensive income (loss) includes Vishay's proportionate share of other comprehensive income (loss) of nonconsolidated subsidiaries accounted for under the equity method.
20

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 8 – Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits
The Company maintains various retirement benefit plans.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
The following table shows the components of the net periodic pension cost for the first fiscal quarters of 2016 and 2015 for the Company's defined benefit pension plans:

|  | Fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016 |  |  | Fiscal quarter ended April 4, 2015 |
|  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |  |  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
Net service cost |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 774 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 829 |
Interest cost |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | 1,353 |  |  |  | 2,943 |  |  |  | 1,432 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (2,825 | ) |  |  | (534 | ) |  |  | (3,385 | ) |  |  | (454 | )
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | - |
Amortization of losses |  |  | 1,650 |  |  |  | 1,171 |  |  |  | 2,022 |  |  |  | 1,299 |
Curtailment and settlement losses |  |  | - |  |  |  | 195 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | 1,861 |  |  | $ | 2,971 |  |  | $ | 1,596 |  |  | $ | 3,106 |

In the second fiscal quarter of 2015, the Company began the process of terminating the Vishay Retirement Plan, the Company's U.S. qualified pension plan. Plan participants will not be adversely affected by the plan termination, but rather will have their benefits either converted into a lump sum cash payment or an annuity contract placed with an insurance carrier.
The completion of this proposed termination and settlement is contingent upon the receipt of a favorable determination letter from the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and meeting certain IRS and Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation ("PBGC") requirements, which is not expected to be received prior to the fourth fiscal quarter of 2016.
As of the last fiscal year-end measurement date (December 31, 2015), the Vishay Retirement Plan was fully-funded on a GAAP basis. In order to terminate the plan in accordance with IRS and PBGC requirements, the Company is required to fully fund the plan on a termination basis and will commit to contribute the additional assets necessary to do so. The amount necessary to do so is not yet known, but is currently estimated to be between zero and $35,000.
The Company contributed $16,966 to the Company's Taiwanese pension plans to improve the funded status of those plans in 2016.
Other Postretirement Benefits
The following table shows the components of the net periodic benefit cost for the first fiscal quarters of 2016 and 2015 for the Company's other postretirement benefit plans:

|  | Fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016 |  |  | Fiscal quarter ended April 4, 2015 |
|  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |  |  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
Service cost |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 69 |
Interest cost |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 83 |  |  |  | 37 |
Amortization of prior service (credit) |  |  | (209 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (209 | ) |  |  | - |
Amortization of losses (gains) |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 19 |
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | (101 | ) |  | $ | 120 |  |  | $ | (74 | ) |  | $ | 125 |

21

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 9 – Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has various stockholder-approved programs which allow for the grant of stock-based compensation to officers, employees, and non-employee directors of the Company.
The amount of compensation cost related to stock-based payment transactions is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instruments issued. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company determines compensation cost for restricted stock units ("RSUs"), phantom stock units, and restricted stock based on the grant-date fair value of the underlying common stock adjusted for expected dividends paid over the required vesting period for non-participating awards. Compensation cost is recognized over the period that an officer, employee, or non-employee director provides service in exchange for the award.
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense recognized:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
Restricted stock units |  | $ | 1,084 |  |  | $ | 914 |
Phantom stock units |  |  | 117 |  |  |  | 141 |
Stock options |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | 1,201 |  |  | $ | 1,055 |

The Company recognizes compensation cost for RSUs that are expected to vest and records cumulative adjustments in the period that the expectation changes.
The following table summarizes unrecognized compensation cost and the weighted average remaining amortization periods at April 2, 2016 (amortization periods in years):

|  | Unrecognized Compensation Cost |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Periods |
Stock options |  | $ | - |  |  |  | 0.0 |
Restricted stock units |  |  | 7,472 |  |  |  | 1.8 |
Phantom stock units |  |  | - |  |  |  | 0.0 |
Total |  | $ | 7,472 |  |  |  |  |

The Company currently expects all performance-based RSUs to vest and all of the associated unrecognized compensation cost for performance-based RSUs presented in the table above to be recognized.
22

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
2007 Stock Incentive Plan
The Company's 2007 Stock Incentive Program (the "2007 Program"), as amended and restated, permits the grant of up to 6,500,000 shares of restricted stock, unrestricted stock, RSUs, stock options, and phantom stock units, to officers, employees, and non-employee directors of the Company. Such instruments are available for grant until May 20, 2024.
Restricted Stock Units
RSU activity under the 2007 Program as of April 2, 2016 and changes during the three fiscal months then ended are presented below (number of RSUs in thousands):

|  | Number of RSUs |  |  | Weighted Average Grant-date Fair Value per Unit |
Outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |
January 1, 2016 |  |  | 1,028 |  |  | $ | 13.24 |
Granted |  |  | 353 |  |  |  | 11.35 |
Vested* |  |  | (142 | ) |  |  | 12.21 |
Cancelled or forfeited |  |  | (222 | ) |  |  | 13.19 |
Outstanding at April 2, 2016 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | $ | 12.74 |
Expected to vest at April 2, 2016 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  |  |  |

* The number of RSUs vested includes shares that the Company withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy the statutory tax withholding requirements.
The number of performance-based RSUs that are scheduled to vest increases ratably based on the achievement of defined performance criteria between the established target and maximum levels. RSUs with performance-based vesting criteria are expected to vest as follows (number of RSUs in thousands):

Vesting Date |  | Expected to Vest |  | Not Expected to Vest |  | Total
January 1, 2017 |  | 192 |  | - |  | 192
January 1, 2018 |  | 202 |  | - |  | 202
January 1, 2019 |  | 213 |  | - |  | 213

Phantom Stock Units
The 2007 Program authorizes the grant of phantom stock units to the extent provided for in the Company's employment agreements with certain executives. Each phantom stock unit entitles the recipient to receive a share of common stock at the individual's termination of employment or any other future date specified in the applicable employment agreement. Phantom stock units participate in dividend distribution on the same basis as the Company's common stock and Class B common stock. Dividend equivalents are issued in the form of additional units of phantom stock. The phantom stock units are fully vested at all times.
Phantom stock unit activity under the phantom stock plan as of April 2, 2016 and changes during the three fiscal months then ended are presented below (number of phantom stock units in thousands):

|  | Number of units |  |  | Grant-date Fair Value per Unit |
Outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |
January 1, 2016 |  |  | 132 |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 10 |  |  | $ | 11.71 |
Dividend equivalents issued |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at April 2, 2016 |  |  | 143 |  |  |  |  |

23

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Stock Options
In addition to stock options outstanding pursuant to the 2007 Program, during the periods presented, the Company had stock options outstanding under previous stockholder-approved stock option programs. These programs are more fully described in Note 12 to the Company's consolidated financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. No additional options may be granted pursuant to these programs.
At December 31, 2015 and April 2, 2016, there were 105,000 options outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $15.38. At April 2, 2016, the weighted average remaining contractual life of all outstanding options was 1.08 years.
At April 2, 2016, there were no unvested options outstanding.
The pretax aggregate intrinsic value (the difference between the closing stock price on the last trading day of the first fiscal quarter of 2016 of $12.08 per share and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on April 2, 2016 was zero because all outstanding options have exercise prices in excess of market value. This amount changes based on changes in the market value of the Company's common stock. During the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2016, no options were exercised.
24

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 10 – Segment Information
Vishay operates, and its chief operating decision maker makes strategic and operating decisions with regards to assessing performance and allocating resources based on, five reporting segments: MOSFETs, Diodes, Optoelectronic Components, Resistors & Inductors, and Capacitors.
The Company evaluates business segment performance on operating income, exclusive of certain items ("segment operating income"). Only dedicated, direct selling, general, and administrative expenses of the segments are included in the calculation of segment operating income. The Company's calculation of segment operating income excludes such selling, general, and administrative costs as global operations, sales and marketing, information systems, finance and administration groups, as well as restructuring and severance costs, goodwill and long-lived asset impairment charges, and other items. Management believes that evaluating segment performance excluding such items is meaningful because it provides insight with respect to intrinsic operating results of the Company. These items represent reconciling items between segment operating income and consolidated operating income. Business segment assets are the owned or allocated assets used by each business.
The following tables set forth business segment information:

|  | MOSFETs |  |  | Diodes |  |  | Optoelectronic Components |  |  | Resistors & Inductors |  |  | Capacitors |  |  | Total |
Fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product Sales |  | $ | 100,933 |  |  | $ | 135,384 |  |  | $ | 62,775 |  |  | $ | 183,416 |  |  | $ | 88,020 |  |  | $ | 570,528 |
Royalty Revenues |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 78 |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | 78 |
Total Revenue |  | $ | 100,933 |  |  | $ | 135,384 |  |  | $ | 62,775 |  |  | $ | 183,494 |  |  | $ | 88,020 |  |  | $ | 570,606 |
Gross Profit |  | $ | 12,587 |  |  | $ | 32,662 |  |  | $ | 19,181 |  |  | $ | 55,784 |  |  | $ | 17,095 |  |  | $ | 137,309 |
Fiscal quarter ended April 4, 2015: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product Sales |  | $ | 106,759 |  |  | $ | 136,511 |  |  | $ | 68,625 |  |  | $ | 186,392 |  |  | $ | 94,036 |  |  | $ | 592,323 |
Royalty Revenues |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,102 |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | 1,113 |
Total Revenue |  | $ | 106,770 |  |  | $ | 136,511 |  |  | $ | 68,625 |  |  | $ | 187,494 |  |  | $ | 94,036 |  |  | $ | 593,436 |
Gross Profit |  | $ | 13,758 |  |  | $ | 29,890 |  |  | $ | 22,183 |  |  | $ | 58,849 |  |  | $ | 20,358 |  |  | $ | 145,038 |

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
Operating income reconciliation: |  |  |  |  |  |
MOSFETs |  | $ | 2,618 |  |  | $ | 4,527 |
Diodes |  |  | 26,643 |  |  |  | 23,485 |
Optoelectronic Components |  |  | 13,654 |  |  |  | 17,087 |
Resistors & Inductors |  |  | 46,883 |  |  |  | 49,525 |
Capacitors |  |  | 11,303 |  |  |  | 14,564 |
Restructuring and Severance Costs |  |  | (6,475 | ) |  |  | (1,410 | )
Unallocated Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses |  |  | (54,078 | ) |  |  | (60,220 | )
Consolidated Operating Income |  |  | 40,548 |  |  | $ | 47,558 |

25

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 11 – Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders (shares in thousands):

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Numerator for basic earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 28,014 |  |  | $ | 30,699 |
Interest savings assuming conversion of dilutive convertible and exchangeable notes, net of tax |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 16 |
Numerator for diluted earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders - diluted |  | $ | 28,052 |  |  | $ | 30,715 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares |  |  | 147,691 |  |  |  | 147,569 |
Outstanding phantom stock units |  |  | 142 |  |  |  | 129 |
Adjusted weighted average shares - basic |  |  | 147,833 |  |  |  | 147,698 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible and exchangeable debt instruments |  |  | 2,626 |  |  |  | 4,778 |
Restricted stock units |  |  | 169 |  |  |  | 184 |
Other |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6 |
Dilutive potential common shares |  |  | 2,795 |  |  |  | 4,968 |
Denominator for diluted earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted weighted average shares - diluted |  |  | 150,628 |  |  |  | 152,666 |
Basic earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |

26

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Diluted earnings per share for the periods presented do not reflect the following weighted average potential common shares that would have an antidilutive effect or have unsatisfied performance conditions (in thousands):

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
Convertible and exchangeable notes: |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible Senior Debentures, due 2040 |  |  | 20,574 |  |  |  | - |
Convertible Senior Debentures, due 2041 |  |  | 8,189 |  |  |  | 8,024 |
Weighted average employee stock options |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | 77 |
Weighted average other |  |  | 610 |  |  |  | 620 |

In periods in which they are dilutive, if the potential common shares related to the exchangeable notes are included in the computation, the related interest savings, net of tax, assuming conversion/exchange is added to the net earnings used to compute earnings per share.
The Company's convertible debt instruments are only convertible for specified periods upon the occurrence of certain events. None of the conversion criteria were met for the periods presented. In periods that the debentures are not convertible, the certain conditions which could trigger conversion of the remaining debentures have been deemed to be non-substantive, and accordingly, the Company assumes the conversion of these instruments in its diluted earnings per share computation during periods in which they are dilutive.
At the direction of its Board of Directors, the Company intends, upon conversion, to repay the principal amounts of the convertible senior debentures, due 2040, due 2041, and due 2042, in cash and settle any additional amounts in shares of Vishay common stock. Accordingly, the debentures are included in the diluted earnings per share computation using the "treasury stock method" (similar to options and warrants) rather than the "if converted method" otherwise required for convertible debt. Under the "treasury stock method," Vishay calculates the number of shares issuable under the terms of the debentures based on the average market price of Vishay common stock during the period, and that number is included in the total diluted shares figure for the period. If the average market price is less than $13.31, no shares are included in the diluted earnings per share computation for the convertible senior debentures due 2040, if the average market price is less than $18.25, no shares are included in the diluted earnings per share computation for the convertible senior debentures due 2041, and if the average market price is less than $11.32, no shares are included in the diluted earnings per share computation for the convertible senior debentures due 2042.
27

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 12 – Fair Value Measurements
The fair value measurement accounting guidance establishes a valuation hierarchy of the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:
Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the Company's own assumptions.
An asset or liability's classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. There have been no changes in the classification of any financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy in the periods presented.
The following table provides the financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis:

|  | Total Fair Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
April 2, 2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets held in rabbi trusts |  | $ | 40,368 |  |  | $ | 26,433 |  |  | $ | 13,935 |  |  | $ | - |
Available for sale securities |  | $ | 4,171 |  |  |  | 4,171 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 44,539 |  |  | $ | 30,604 |  |  | $ | 13,935 |  |  | $ | - |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Embedded derivative - convertible debentures due 2040 |  | $ | (582 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (582 | )
Embedded derivative - convertible debentures due 2041 |  | $ | (476 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (476 | )
Embedded derivative - convertible debentures due 2042 |  | $ | (285 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (285 | )
|  | $ | (1,343 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (1,343 | )
December 31, 2015: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets held in rabbi trusts |  | $ | 39,849 |  |  | $ | 25,906 |  |  |  | 13,943 |  |  | $ | - |
Available for sale securities |  | $ | 3,604 |  |  |  | 3,604 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 43,453 |  |  | $ | 29,510 |  |  | $ | 13,943 |  |  | $ | - |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Embedded derivative - convertible debentures due 2040 |  | $ | (576 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (576 | )
Embedded derivative - convertible debentures due 2041 |  | $ | (438 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (438 | )
Embedded derivative - convertible debentures due 2042 |  | $ | (302 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (302 | )
|  | $ | (1,316 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (1,316 | )

The Company maintains non-qualified trusts, referred to as "rabbi" trusts, to fund payments under deferred compensation and non-qualified pension plans. Rabbi trust assets consist primarily of marketable securities, classified as available-for-sale and company-owned life insurance assets. The marketable securities held in the rabbi trusts are valued using quoted market prices on the last business day of the period. The company-owned life insurance assets are valued in consultation with the Company's insurance brokers using the value of underlying assets of the insurance contracts. The fair value measurement of the marketable securities held in the rabbi trust is considered a Level 1 measurement and the measurement of the company-owned life insurance assets is considered a Level 2 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.
28

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
The Company holds available for sale investments in debt securities that are intended to fund a portion of its pension and other postretirement benefit obligations outside of the United States. The investments are valued based on quoted market prices on the last business day of the year. The fair value measurement of the investments is considered a Level 1 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.
The convertible senior debentures, due 2040, due 2041, and due 2042, issued by the Company on November 9, 2010, May 13, 2011, and May 31, 2012, respectively, contain embedded derivative features that GAAP requires to be bifurcated and remeasured each reporting period. Each quarter, the change in the fair value of the embedded derivative features, if any, is recorded in the consolidated condensed statements of operations. The Company uses a derivative valuation model to derive the value of the embedded derivative features. Key inputs into this valuation model are the Company's current stock price, risk-free interest rates, the stock dividend yield, the stock volatility, and the debentures' credit spread over LIBOR. The first three aforementioned inputs are based on observable market data and are considered Level 2 inputs while the last two aforementioned inputs are unobservable and thus require management's judgment and are considered Level 3 inputs. The fair value measurement is considered a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.
The Company enters into forward contracts with a highly-rated financial institution to mitigate the foreign currency risk associated with intercompany loans denominated in a currency other than the legal entity's functional currency. The notional amount of the forward contracts was $64,000 and $29,000 as of April 2, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The forward contracts settle monthly and are expected to be renewed at the Company's discretion on a monthly basis until the intercompany loans are repaid. We have not designated the forward contracts as hedges for accounting purposes, and as such the change in the fair value of the contracts is recognized in the consolidated condensed statements of operations as a component of other income (expense). The Company estimates the fair value of the forward contracts based on applicable and commonly used pricing models using current market information and is considered a Level 2 measurement within the fair value hierachy. The value of the forward contracts was immaterial as of April 2, 2016. The Company does not utilize derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.
The fair value of the long-term debt, excluding the derivative liabilities and deferred financing costs, at April 2, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is approximately $733,900 and $756,900, respectively, compared to its carrying value, excluding the derivative liabilities and deferred financing costs, of $410,995, and $448,080, respectively. The Company estimates the fair value of its long-term debt using a combination of quoted market prices for similar financing arrangements and expected future payments discounted at risk-adjusted rates, which are considered Level 2 inputs.
At April 2, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company's short-term investments were comprised of time deposits with financial institutions that have maturities that exceed 90 days from the date of acquisition; however they all mature within one year from the respective balance sheet dates. The Company's short-term investments are accounted for as held-to-maturity debt instruments, at amortized cost, which approximates their fair value. The investments are funded with excess cash not expected to be needed for operations prior to maturity; therefore, the Company believes it has the intent and ability to hold the short-term investments until maturity. At each reporting date, the Company performs an evaluation to determine if any unrealized losses are other-than-temporary. No other-than-temporary impairments have been recognized on these securities, and there are no unrecognized holding gains or losses for these securities during the periods presented. There have been no transfers to or from the held-to-maturity classification. All decreases in the account balance are due to returns of principal at the securities' maturity dates. Interest on the securities is recognized as interest income when earned.
At April 2, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company's cash and cash equivalents were comprised of demand deposits, time deposits with maturities of three months or less when purchased, and money market funds. The Company estimates the fair value of its cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments using level 2 inputs. Based on the current interest rates for similar investments with comparable credit risk and time to maturity, the fair value of the Company's cash, cash equivalents, and held-to-maturity short-term investments approximate the carrying amounts reported in the consolidated condensed balance sheets.
The Company's financial instruments also include accounts receivable, short-term notes payable, and accounts payable. The carrying amounts for these financial instruments reported in the consolidated condensed balance sheets approximate their fair values.
29

Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview
Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. ("Vishay," "we," "us," or "our") is a global manufacturer and supplier of discrete semiconductors and passive components, including power MOSFETs, power integrated circuits, transistors, diodes, optoelectronic components, resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Discrete semiconductors and passive components manufactured by Vishay are used in virtually all types of electronic products, including those in the industrial, computing, automotive, consumer electronic products, telecommunications, power supplies, military/aerospace, and medical industries.
We operate in five product segments: MOSFETs; Diodes; Optoelectronic Components; Resistors & Inductors; and Capacitors.
Since 1985, we have pursued a business strategy of growth through focused research and development and acquisitions. Through this strategy, we have grown to become one of the world's largest manufacturers of discrete semiconductors and passive components. We expect to continue our strategy of acquisitions while also maintaining a prudent capital structure.
We are focused on enhancing stockholder value and improving earnings per share. In addition to our growth plan, we also have opportunistically repurchased our stock. In 2014, our Board of Directors instituted a quarterly dividend payment program and declared the first cash dividend in the history of Vishay. In December 2015, we amended our credit facility to increase our ability to repurchase shares of stock or pay cash dividends. On May 2, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan, authorizing us to repurchase, in the aggregate, up to $100 million of our outstanding common stock. The stock repurchase plan will expire on May 2, 2017. The stock repurchase plan does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and it may be terminated or suspended at any time at the Company's direction. The Company has not repurchased any stock since the inception of the plan. We will continue to evaluate attractive stock repurchase opportunities.
As part of the amendment and restatement of the revolving credit facility in December 2015, we completed an evaluation of our anticipated domestic cash needs over the next several years and our most efficient use of liquidity, with consideration of the amount of cash that can be repatriated to the U.S. efficiently with lesser withholding taxes in foreign jurisdictions. As a result of that evaluation, during the fourth quarter of 2015, we recognized income tax expense of $164.0 million, including U.S. federal and state income taxes, incremental foreign income taxes, and withholding taxes payable to foreign jurisdictions, on $300 million of foreign earnings which we expect to repatriate to the U.S. over the next several years.
Our business and operating results have been and will continue to be impacted by worldwide economic conditions. Our revenues are dependent on end markets that are impacted by consumer and industrial demand, and our operating results can be adversely affected by reduced demand in those global markets. For several years, we implemented aggressive cost reduction programs. We continue to monitor the current economic environment and its potential effects on our customers and the end markets that we serve. Additionally, we continue to closely monitor our costs, inventory, and capital resources to respond to changing conditions and to ensure we have the management, business processes, and resources to meet our future needs. In the first fiscal quarter of 2016, we substantially completed the implementation of targeted cost reduction programs that began in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2013. The cost reduction programs initiated in 2015 continue as planned. Our cost reduction programs are more fully described in Note 3 to the consolidated condensed financial statements included in Item 1, and in "Cost Management" below. See additional information regarding our competitive strengths and key challenges as disclosed in Part 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on February 17, 2016.
We recorded noncash impairment charges of $63.0 million in the third fiscal quarter of 2015. If financial conditions deteriorate, an interim assessment may be required before the next annual assessment. The 2015 goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment tests are more fully described in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on February 17, 2016.
30

We utilize several financial metrics, including net revenues, gross profit margin, segment operating income, end-of-period backlog, book-to-bill ratio, inventory turnover, change in average selling prices, net cash and short-term investments (debt), and free cash generation to evaluate the performance and assess the future direction of our business. (See further discussion in "Financial Metrics" and "Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources.") The business continues to be burdened by the weak economic environment that began in the middle of 2015, but showed signs of a recovery in the first fiscal quarter of 2016. Net revenues in the first fiscal quarter of 2016 increased versus the prior fiscal quarter, but remain lower than the prior year quarter. An increase in orders resulted in an increase in key financial metrics compared to the prior fiscal quarter. The key metrics remain slightly lower than the first fiscal quarter of 2015.
Net revenues for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016 were $570.6 million, compared to $593.4 million for the fiscal quarter ended April 4, 2015. The net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016 were $28.0 million, or $0.19 per diluted share, compared to $30.7 million, or $0.20 per diluted share for the fiscal quarter ended April 4, 2015.
Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders for the fiscal quarters ended April 2, 2016 and April 4, 2015 include items affecting comparability. The reconciliation below includes certain financial measures which are not recognized in accordance with GAAP, including adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per share. These non-GAAP measures should not be viewed as an alternative to GAAP measures of performance. Non-GAAP measures such as adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per share do not have uniform definitions. These measures, as calculated by Vishay, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Management believes that these measures are meaningful because they provide insight with respect to our intrinsic operating results. Reconciling items to arrive at adjusted net earnings represent significant charges or credits that are important to understanding our intrinsic operations.
The items affecting comparability are (in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
GAAP net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 28,014 |  |  | $ | 30,699 |
Reconciling items affecting operating margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring and severance costs |  | $ | 6,475 |  |  | $ | 1,410 |
Reconciling items affecting other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on early extinguishment of debt |  | $ | (3,611 | ) |  | $ | - |
Reconciling items affecting tax expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax effects of items above and other one-time tax expense (benefit) |  | $ | (1,656 | ) |  | $ | (508 | )
Adjusted net earnings |  | $ | 29,222 |  |  | $ | 31,601 |
Adjusted weighted average diluted shares outstanding |  |  | 150,628 |  |  |  | 152,666 |
Adjusted earnings per diluted share * |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |

* Includes add-back of interest on exchangeable notes in periods where the notes are dilutive.
Our results for the fiscal quarters ended April 2, 2016 and April 4, 2015 represent the effects of an improving business environment, increasing order activity, our cost reduction programs, and our organic growth initiatives. Our revenue results continue to be negatively affected by foreign currency effects, especially from the euro. Despite the negative foreign currency effect on revenues, we were able to maintain our profitability. Our percentage of euro-based sales approximates our percentage of euro-based expenses so the negative foreign currency impact on revenues was substantially offset by the positive impact on expenses. Our pre-tax results were consistent with expectations based on our business model.
31

Financial Metrics
We utilize several financial metrics to evaluate the performance and assess the future direction of our business. These key financial measures and metrics include net revenues, gross profit margin, operating margin, segment operating income, end-of-period backlog, and the book-to-bill ratio. We also monitor changes in inventory turnover and our or publicly available average selling prices ("ASP").
Gross profit margin is computed as gross profit as a percentage of net revenues. Gross profit is generally net revenues less costs of products sold, but also deducts certain other period costs, particularly losses on purchase commitments and inventory write-downs. Losses on purchase commitments and inventory write-downs have the impact of reducing gross profit margin in the period of the charge, but result in improved gross profit margins in subsequent periods by reducing costs of products sold as inventory is used. Gross profit margin is clearly a function of net revenues, but also reflects our cost management programs and our ability to contain fixed costs.
Operating margin is computed as gross profit less operating expenses as a percentage of net revenues. We evaluate business segment performance on segment operating margin. Only dedicated, direct selling, general, and administrative expenses of the segments are included in the calculation of segment operating income. Segment operating margin is computed as operating income less items such as restructuring and severance costs, asset write-downs, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments, inventory write-downs, gains or losses on purchase commitments, global operations, sales and marketing, information systems, finance and administrative groups, and other items, expressed as a percentage of net revenues. We believe that evaluating segment performance excluding such items is meaningful because it provides insight with respect to intrinsic operating results of the segment. Operating margin is clearly a function of net revenues, but also reflects our cost management programs and our ability to contain fixed costs.
End-of-period backlog is one indicator of future revenues. We include in our backlog only open orders that we expect to ship in the next twelve months. If demand falls below customers' forecasts, or if customers do not control their inventory effectively, they may cancel or reschedule the shipments that are included in our backlog, in many instances without the payment of any penalty. Therefore, the backlog is not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for future periods.
An important indicator of demand in our industry is the book-to-bill ratio, which is the ratio of the amount of product ordered during a period as compared with the product that we ship during that period. A book-to-bill ratio that is greater than one indicates that our backlog is building and that we are likely to see increasing revenues in future periods. Conversely, a book-to-bill ratio that is less than one is an indicator of declining demand and may foretell declining revenues.
We focus on our inventory turnover as a measure of how well we are managing our inventory. We define inventory turnover for a financial reporting period as our costs of products sold for the four fiscal quarters ending on the last day of the reporting period divided by our average inventory (computed using each fiscal quarter-end balance) for this same period. A higher level of inventory turnover reflects more efficient use of our capital.
Pricing in our industry can be volatile. We analyze trends and changes in average selling prices to evaluate likely future pricing. The erosion of average selling prices of established products is typical for semiconductor products. We attempt to offset this deterioration with ongoing cost reduction activities and new product introductions. Our specialty passive components are more resistant to average selling price erosion.
32

The quarter-to-quarter trends in these financial metrics can also be an important indicator of the likely direction of our business. The following table shows net revenues, gross profit margin, operating margin, end-of-period backlog, book-to-bill ratio, inventory turnover, and changes in ASP for our business as a whole during the five fiscal quarters beginning with the first fiscal quarter of 2015 through the first fiscal quarter of 2016 (dollars in thousands):

|  | 1st Quarter 2015 |  |  | 2nd Quarter 2015 |  |  | 3rd Quarter 2015 |  |  | 4th Quarter 2015 |  |  | 1st Quarter 2016 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 593,436 |  |  | $ | 590,470 |  |  | $ | 560,654 |  |  | $ | 555,928 |  |  | $ | 570,606 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 24.4 | % |  |  | 24.0 | % |  |  | 23.2 | % |  |  | 22.6 | % |  |  | 24.1 | %
Operating margin (1) |  |  | 8.0 | % |  |  | 7.5 | % |  |  | -4.3 | % |  |  | 5.4 | % |  |  | 7.1 | %
End-of-period backlog |  | $ | 559,600 |  |  | $ | 556,100 |  |  | $ | 535,500 |  |  | $ | 514,500 |  |  | $ | 571,600 |
Book-to-bill ratio |  |  | 1.05 |  |  |  | 0.99 |  |  |  | 0.96 |  |  |  | 0.97 |  |  |  | 1.08 |
Inventory turnover |  |  | 4.20 |  |  |  | 4.11 |  |  |  | 3.82 |  |  |  | 3.90 |  |  |  | 4.00 |
Change in ASP vs. prior quarter |  |  | -0.9 | % |  |  | -1.3 | % |  |  | -1.2 | % |  |  | -0.7 | % |  |  | -1.2 | %

(1) Operating margin for the first, second, third, and fourth fiscal quarters of 2015 and first fiscal quarter of 2016 includes $1.4 million, $5.7 million, $2.3 million, $9.8 million, and $6.5 million, respectively, of restructuring and severance expenses (see Note 3 to our consolidated condensed financial statements). Operating margin for the third fiscal quarter of 2015 includes $63.0 million of goodwill and depreciable and amortizable long-lived asset impairment charges.
See "Financial Metrics by Segment" below for net revenues, book-to-bill ratio, and gross profit margin broken out by segment.
Revenues were within the upper end of our expected range and increased versus the prior fiscal quarters, but remain lower than the first fiscal quarter of 2015. Foreign currency exchange rates continue to negatively impact revenues. The order level in the first fiscal quarter of 2016 increased compared to the prior fiscal quarters, which increased the backlog and positively impacted the book-to-bill ratio. Our average selling prices continue to decline primarily due to our commodity semiconductor products and the effects of growing our Resistors & Inductors business in Asia.
Gross profit margin increased versus the prior fiscal quarters, but remains lower than the first fiscal quarter of 2015. The fluctuations are primarily volume-driven. Decreasing average selling prices continue to burden the gross profit margin. Gross profit margins have been negatively impacted by additional depreciation associated with our cost reduction programs beginning with the fourth fiscal quarter of 2013. The negative impact on the MOSFETs segment will be reduced beginning in the second fiscal quarter of 2016.
The book-to-bill ratio in the first fiscal quarter of 2016 increased to 1.08 from 0.97 in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2015. The book-to-bill ratios in the first fiscal quarter of 2016 for distributors and original equipment manufacturers ("OEM") were 1.06 and 1.12, respectively, versus ratios of 1.02 and 0.91, respectively, during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2015.
For the second fiscal quarter of 2016, we anticipate revenues between $565 million and $605 million and gross margins of 23% to 25%.
33

Financial Metrics by Segment
The following table shows net revenues, book-to-bill ratio, gross profit margin, and segment operating margin broken out by segment for the five fiscal quarters beginning with the first fiscal quarter of 2015 through the first fiscal quarter of 2016 (dollars in thousands):

|  | 1st Quarter 2015 |  |  | 2nd Quarter 2015 |  |  | 3rd Quarter 2015 |  |  | 4th Quarter 2015 |  |  | 1st Quarter 2016 |
MOSFETs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 106,770 |  |  | $ | 106,348 |  |  | $ | 109,446 |  |  | $ | 104,119 |  |  | $ | 100,933 |
Book-to-bill ratio |  |  | 0.99 |  |  |  | 1.04 |  |  |  | 0.91 |  |  |  | 0.90 |  |  |  | 1.14 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 12.9 | % |  |  | 13.8 | % |  |  | 15.3 | % |  |  | 12.8 | % |  |  | 12.5 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 4.2 | % |  |  | 4.8 | % |  |  | 6.2 | % |  |  | 4.7 | % |  |  | 2.6 | %
Diodes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 136,511 |  |  | $ | 138,722 |  |  | $ | 123,922 |  |  | $ | 134,776 |  |  | $ | 135,384 |
Book-to-bill ratio |  |  | 1.01 |  |  |  | 0.97 |  |  |  | 1.05 |  |  |  | 0.97 |  |  |  | 1.05 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 21.9 | % |  |  | 22.8 | % |  |  | 22.2 | % |  |  | 22.8 | % |  |  | 24.1 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 17.2 | % |  |  | 18.4 | % |  |  | 17.5 | % |  |  | 18.7 | % |  |  | 19.7 | %
Optoelectronic Components |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 68,625 |  |  | $ | 72,977 |  |  | $ | 70,008 |  |  | $ | 67,943 |  |  | $ | 62,775 |
Book-to-bill ratio |  |  | 1.09 |  |  |  | 1.02 |  |  |  | 0.95 |  |  |  | 0.91 |  |  |  | 1.09 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 32.3 | % |  |  | 33.3 | % |  |  | 32.8 | % |  |  | 28.2 | % |  |  | 30.6 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 24.9 | % |  |  | 26.3 | % |  |  | 25.2 | % |  |  | 21.3 | % |  |  | 21.8 | %
Resistors & Inductors |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 187,494 |  |  | $ | 179,532 |  |  | $ | 173,731 |  |  | $ | 166,664 |  |  | $ | 183,494 |
Book-to-bill ratio |  |  | 1.05 |  |  |  | 0.99 |  |  |  | 0.95 |  |  |  | 1.03 |  |  |  | 1.10 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 31.4 | % |  |  | 29.7 | % |  |  | 28.7 | % |  |  | 27.8 | % |  |  | 30.4 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 26.4 | % |  |  | 24.8 | % |  |  | 23.8 | % |  |  | 23.0 | % |  |  | 25.6 | %
Capacitors |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 94,036 |  |  | $ | 92,891 |  |  | $ | 83,547 |  |  | $ | 82,426 |  |  | $ | 88,020 |
Book-to-bill ratio |  |  | 1.15 |  |  |  | 0.92 |  |  |  | 0.93 |  |  |  | 0.99 |  |  |  | 1.01 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 21.6 | % |  |  | 18.8 | % |  |  | 15.6 | % |  |  | 19.3 | % |  |  | 19.4 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 15.5 | % |  |  | 12.7 | % |  |  | 9.1 | % |  |  | 13.2 | % |  |  | 12.8 | %

34

Acquisition Activity
As part of our growth strategy, we seek to expand through targeted acquisitions of other manufacturers of electronic components that have established positions in major markets, reputations for product quality and reliability, and product lines with which we have substantial marketing and technical expertise. This includes exploring opportunities to acquire targets to gain market share, penetrate different geographic markets, enhance new product development, round out our existing product lines, or grow our high margin niche market businesses. Acquisitions of passive components businesses would likely be made to strengthen and broaden our position as a specialty product supplier; acquisitions of discrete semiconductor businesses would be made to increase market share and to generate synergies. To limit our financial exposure, we have implemented a policy not to pursue acquisitions if our post-acquisition debt would exceed 2.5x our pro forma earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA"). For these purposes, we calculate pro forma EBITDA as the adjusted EBITDA of Vishay and the target for Vishay's four preceding fiscal quarters, with a pro forma adjustment for savings which management estimates would have been achieved had the target been acquired by Vishay at the beginning of the four fiscal quarter period.
Our growth plan targets adding, through acquisitions, an average of approximately $100 million of revenues per year. Depending on the opportunities available, we might make several smaller acquisitions or a few larger acquisitions. We intend to make such acquisitions using mainly cash, rather than debt or equity, although we do have capacity on our revolving credit facility if necessary. We are not currently targeting acquisitions with a purchase price larger than $500 million.
In the fourth fiscal quarter of 2015, we deposited the $6.8 million purchase price of Sonntag Electronic GmbH ("Sonntag"). The acquisition was effective January 1, 2016. Sonntag is a distributor of electronic components in Germany.
There is no assurance that we will be able to identify and acquire suitable acquisition candidates at price levels and on terms and conditions we consider acceptable.
35

Cost Management
We place a strong emphasis on controlling our costs, and use various measures and metrics to evaluate our cost structure.
We define variable costs as expenses that vary with respect to quantity produced. Fixed costs do not vary with respect to quantity produced over the relevant time period. Contributive margin is calculated as net revenue less variable costs. It may be expressed in dollars or as a percentage of net revenue. Management uses this measure to determine the amount of profit to be expected for any change in revenues. While these measures are typical cost accounting measures, none of these measures are recognized in accordance with GAAP. The classification of expenses as either variable or fixed is judgemental and other companies might classify such expenses differently. These measures, as calculated by Vishay, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
We closely monitor variable costs and seek to achieve the contributive margin in our business model. Over a period of many years, we have generally maintained a contributive margin of between 45% - 47% of revenues. The erosion of average selling prices, particularly of our semiconductor products, that is typical of our industry and inflation negatively impact contributive margin and drive us to continually seek ways to reduce our variable costs. Our variable cost reduction efforts include increasing the efficiency in our production facilities by expending capital for automation, reducing materials costs, materials substitution, increasing wafer size and shrinking dies to maximize efficiency in our semiconductor production processes, and other yield improvement activities.
Our cost management strategy also includes a focus on controlling fixed costs recorded as costs of products sold or selling, general, and administrative expenses and maintaining our break-even point (adjusted for acquisitions). We seek to limit increases in selling, general, and administrative expenses to the rate of inflation, excluding foreign currency exchange effects and substantially independent of sales volume changes. At constant fixed costs, we would expect each $1 million increase in revenues to increase our operating income by approximately $450,000 to $470,000. Sudden changes in the business conditions, however, may not allow us to quickly adapt our manufacturing capacity and cost structure.
Occasionally, our ongoing cost containment activities are not adequate and we must take actions to maintain our cost competitiveness. We incurred significant restructuring expenses in our past to reduce our cost structure. Historically, our primary cost reduction technique was through the transfer of production to the extent possible from high-labor-cost countries to lower-labor-cost countries. We believe that our manufacturing footprint is suitable to serve our customers and end markets, while maintaining lower manufacturing costs. Since 2013, our cost reduction programs have primarily focused on reducing fixed costs, including selling, general, and administrative expenses.
In the fourth fiscal quarter of 2013, we announced various cost reduction programs as part of our continuous efforts to improve efficiency and operating performance. We recorded $3.9 million of restructuring and severance expenses in the first fiscal quarter of 2016 for the expenses that were recognizable under GAAP during the period and $33.1 million of restructuring and severance expenses since these cost reduction programs were implemented. The remaining expenses associated with the programs will be recorded as they become recognizable under GAAP.
The programs initiated in 2013 primarily focus on a plan to enhance the competitiveness of our MOSFETs segment and a voluntary separation / early retirement offer to certain employees Company-wide. We also implemented two other smaller cost reduction programs concerning the manufacturing of products within our Diodes segment. The programs in total are expected to lower costs by approximately $36 million per year when fully implemented at expected cash costs of approximately $34 million.
The production transfer for the MOSFETs restructuring program was substantially completed in the first fiscal quarter of 2016. The program occurred over a period of approximately two years. The manufacture of wafers for certain critical products has been transferred into a more cost-efficient fab. As a consequence, certain other wafer manufacturing previously occurring in-house has been transferred to third-party foundries. The Company has incurred and will continue to incur other exit costs associated with the production transfer, including certain contract termination costs.
The total cash costs associated with the MOSFETs initiatives, principally severance, are expected to be approximately $18 million. We anticipate that the MOSFETs programs will result in an annual reduction in variable and fixed manufacturing costs of approximately $23 million at current volumes beginning in the third fiscal quarter of 2016.
The voluntary separation / early retirement offer was made to employees worldwide who were eligible because they met job classification, age, and/or years-of-service criteria as of October 31, 2013. The program was substantially completed in 2014.
36

The total costs associated with the voluntary separation / early retirement program were approximately $13.4 million. We will realize an annual reduction in fixed costs of approximately $10 million, split approximately 35% in manufacturing and 65% in selling, general, and administrative expenses.
Two other smaller cost reduction programs relate to the transfer of production of certain products within our Diodes segment, which were initiated in the third fiscal quarter of 2014. Both programs are connected to production moves, in order to take advantage of lower labor costs in one program and from the consolidation of manufacturing locations in the other. We will realize annual cost savings of approximately $3 million.
Additional programs were initiated in 2015. The programs initiated in 2015 include a plan to reduce selling, general, and administrative costs company-wide, and targeted streamlining and consolidation of production for certain product lines within our Capacitors and Resistors & Inductors segments. The programs in total are expected to lower costs by approximately $35 million annually (at current volumes) when fully implemented, at expected cash costs of approximately $30 million. The implementation of these programs will not impact planned R&D activities, or our growth initiatives in Asian markets. We recorded $2.6 million of restructuring and severance expenses in the first fiscal quarter of 2016 for expenses that were recognizable under GAAP during the period and $16.3 million of restructuring and severance expenses since these programs were initiated. The remaining expenses associated with these programs will be recorded as they become recognizable under GAAP.
The programs announced in 2015 are expected to reduce selling, general, and administrative costs by approximately $17 million annually. These selling, general, and administrative cost reductions should be fully achieved by the end of 2016. We are first soliciting volunteers to accept a voluntary separation / early retirement offer. The voluntary separation benefits vary by country and job classification, but generally offer a cash loyalty bonus. Additional involuntary terminations will likely be necessary to achieve the cost reduction targets.
The targeted plans to streamline and consolidate production of certain product lines are expected to decrease costs of products sold by approximately $18 million annually (at current volumes). These plans include the Zwolle, Netherlands aluminum capacitors facility closure announced on June 30, 2015. Except for the Zwolle facility, no other facility closures are currently expected pursuant to these programs. These production transfers will be completed in steps by the end of 2017. These newly announced programs did not alter or expand the MOSFETs Enhanced Competitiveness Program.
Although the current cost reduction plans include streamlining and consolidating production of certain product lines, only one facility closure is currently expected pursuant to these programs. Except for the distinct and targeted programs noted above, we do not anticipate any other material restructuring activities in 2016. We believe that we can substantially maintain our trained workforce, even at lower manufacturing activity levels, by reducing hours and limiting the use of subcontractors and foundries. However, a continued sluggish business environment for the electronics industry or the recurrence of a significant economic downturn may require us to implement additional restructuring initiatives.
Our long-term strategy includes growth through the integration of acquired businesses, and GAAP requires plant closure and employee termination costs that we incur in connection with our acquisition activities to be recorded as expenses in our consolidated statement of operations, as such expenses are incurred. We have not incurred any material plant closure or employee termination costs related to any of the businesses acquired since 2011, but we expect to have some level of future restructuring expenses due to acquisitions.
Even as we seek to manage our costs, we continue to pursue our growth plans through investing in capacities for strategic product lines, and through increasing our resources for R&D, technical marketing, and field application engineering; supplemented by opportunistic acquisitions of specialty businesses.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
As more fully described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on February 17, 2016, we continue to seek to de-risk our pension exposures, especially given the frozen status of the U.S. plans and the current funded status. Such actions could result in increased net periodic pension cost due to lower expected rates of return on plan assets and/or possible additional charges to recognize unamortized actuarial items if all or a portion of the obligations were to be settled.
In the second fiscal quarter of 2015, we began the process of terminating the Vishay Retirement Plan, our U.S. qualified pension plan. Plan participants will not be adversely affected by the plan termination, but rather will have their benefits either converted into a lump sum cash payment or an annuity contract placed with an insurance carrier.
The completion of this proposed termination and settlement is contingent upon the receipt of a favorable determination letter from the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and meeting certain IRS and Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation ("PBGC") requirements. The completion of the termination is not expected prior to the fourth fiscal quarter of 2016.
As of the last fiscal year-end measurement date (December 31, 2015), the Vishay Retirement Plan was fully-funded on a GAAP basis. In order to terminate the plan in accordance with IRS and PBGC requirements, we are required to fully fund the plan on a termination basis and will commit to contribute the additional assets necessary to do so. The amount necessary to do so is not yet known, but is currently estimated to be between zero and $35 million.
We have contributed $17.0 million to our Taiwanese pension plans in 2016 to improve the funded status of those plans.
37

Foreign Currency Translation
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks, particularly due to transactions in currencies other than the functional currencies of certain subsidiaries. We occasionally use forward exchange contracts to economically hedge a portion of these exposures.
GAAP requires that we identify the "functional currency" of each of our subsidiaries and measure all elements of the financial statements in that functional currency. A subsidiary's functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates. In cases where a subsidiary is relatively self-contained within a particular country, the local currency is generally deemed to be the functional currency. However, a foreign subsidiary that is a direct and integral component or extension of the parent company's operations generally would have the parent company's currency as its functional currency. We have both situations among our subsidiaries.
Foreign Subsidiaries which use the Local Currency as the Functional Currency
We finance our operations in Europe and certain locations in Asia in local currencies, and accordingly, these subsidiaries utilize the local currency as their functional currency. For those subsidiaries where the local currency is the functional currency, assets and liabilities in the consolidated condensed balance sheets have been translated at the rate of exchange as of the balance sheet date. Translation adjustments do not impact the results of operations and are reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity.
For those subsidiaries where the local currency is the functional currency, revenues and expenses incurred in the local currency are translated at the average exchange rate for the year. While the translation of revenues and expenses incurred in the local currency into U.S. dollars does not directly impact the statements of operations, the translation effectively increases or decreases the U.S. dollar equivalent of revenues generated and expenses incurred in those foreign currencies. The dollar generally was slightly stronger during the first fiscal quarter of 2016 compared to the prior year period, with the translation of foreign currency revenues and expenses into U.S. dollars decreasing reported revenues and expenses versus the prior year period.
Foreign Subsidiaries which use the U.S. Dollar as the Functional Currency
Our operations in Israel and most significant locations in Asia are largely financed in U.S. dollars, and accordingly, these subsidiaries utilize the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. For those foreign subsidiaries where the U.S. dollar is the functional currency, all foreign currency financial statement amounts are remeasured into U.S. dollars. Exchange gains and losses arising from remeasurement of foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are included in the results of operations. While these subsidiaries transact most business in U.S. dollars, they may have significant costs, particularly payroll-related, which are incurred in the local currency. The cost of products sold and selling, general, and administrative expense for the first fiscal quarter of 2016 have been slightly unfavorably impacted (compared to the prior year periods) by local currency transactions of subsidiaries which use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency.
We enter into forward contracts with a highly-rated financial institution to mitigate the foreign currency risk associated with intercompany loans denominated in a currency other than the legal entity's functional currency. The notional amount of the forward contracts was $64 million as of April 2, 2016. The forward contracts settle monthly and are expected to be renewed at our discretion on a monthly basis until the intercompany loans are repaid. The forward contracts are carried at fair value in our consolidated condensed balance sheets. We have not designated the forward contracts as hedges for accounting purposes, and as such the change in the fair value of the contracts is recognized in our consolidated condensed statements of operations as a component of other income (expense). We do not utilize derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.
38

Results of Operations
Statements of operations' captions as a percentage of net revenues and the effective tax rates were as follows:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
Cost of products sold |  |  | 75.9 | % |  |  | 75.6 | %
Gross profit |  |  | 24.1 | % |  |  | 24.4 | %
Selling, general & administrative expenses |  |  | 15.8 | % |  |  | 16.2 | %
Operating income |  |  | 7.1 | % |  |  | 8.0 | %
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interest |  |  | 6.7 | % |  |  | 7.5 | %
Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders |  |  | 4.9 | % |  |  | 5.2 | %
________ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Effective tax rate |  |  | 26.8 | % |  |  | 30.7 | %

Net Revenues
Net revenues were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| April 2, 2016 |  | April 4, 2015 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 570,606 |  |  | $ | 593,436 |
Change versus comparable prior year period |  | $ | (22,830 | ) |  |  |  |
Percentage change versus comparable prior year period |  |  | -3.8 | % |  |  |  |

Changes in net revenues were attributable to the following:

|  | vs. Prior Year Quarter |
Change attributable to: |  |  |
Decrease in volume |  |  | -0.1 | %
Decrease in average selling prices |  |  | -3.1 | %
Foreign currency effects |  |  | -0.7 | %
Other |  |  | 0.1 | %
Net change |  |  | -3.8 | %

Our revenue results for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016 continued to be negatively affected by foreign currency effects. We experienced a broad increase in demand for our products in the first fiscal quarter of 2016 compared to the fourth fiscal quarter of 2015, but results remained lower compared to the first fiscal quarter of 2015.
We deduct, from the sales that we record to distributors, allowances for future credits that we expect to provide for returns, scrapped product, and price adjustments under various programs made available to the distributors. We make deductions corresponding to particular sales in the period in which the sales are made, although the corresponding credits may not be issued until future periods. We estimate the deductions based on sales levels to distributors, inventory levels at the distributors, current and projected market trends and conditions, recent and historical activity under the relevant programs, changes in program policies, and open requests for credits. We recorded deductions from gross revenues under our distributor incentive programs of $21.9 million and $20.0 million for the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2016 and April 4, 2015, respectively, or 3.7% and 3.3% of gross revenues, respectively. Actual credits issued under the programs during the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2016 and April 4, 2015 were $26.5 million and $25.3 million, respectively. Increases and decreases in these incentives are largely attributable to the then-current business climate.
Royalty revenues, included in net revenues on the consolidated condensed statements of operations, were approximately $0.1 million and $1.1 million for the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2016 and April 4, 2015, respectively. The decrease is due to the expiration of certain licensing arrangements.
Gross Profit Margins
Gross profit margins for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016 were 24.1%, versus 24.4%, for the comparable prior year period. The decrease is due primarily to lower average selling prices.
39

Segments
Analysis of revenues and gross profit margins for our segments is provided below.
MOSFETs
Net revenues of the MOSFETs segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| April 2, 2016 |  | April 4, 2015 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 100,933 |  |  | $ | 106,770 |
Change versus comparable prior year period |  | $ | (5,837 | ) |  |  |  |
Percentage change versus comparable prior year period |  |  | -5.5 | % |  |  |  |

Changes in MOSFETs segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

|  | vs. Prior Year Quarter |
Change attributable to: |  |  |
Increase in volume |  |  | 0.2 | %
Decrease in average selling prices |  |  | -5.4 | %
Foreign currency effects |  |  | -0.2 | %
Other |  |  | -0.1 | %
Net change |  |  | -5.5 | %

Gross profit margins for the MOSFETs segment were as follows:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 12.5 | % |  |  | 12.9 | %

In the first fiscal quarter of 2016, the MOSFETs segment did not maintain the revenue level of the corresponding prior year period. The continuation of the partial recovery of the business with Asian distributors was almost fully offset by the continuation of a soft business environment in the other regions. The result was only a small increase in sales volume and no offset to the declining selling prices.
The gross profit margin in the first fiscal quarter of 2016 decreased primarily due to lower average selling prices, which were only partially offset by a more profitable product mix, lower depreciation associated with the cost reduction program (see below), positive foreign currency exchange rate impact on the Asian cost-of-sales, and various other cost reduction measures. The gross profit margin in the first fiscal quarter of 2015 was positively impacted by volume increases from restocking the low inventory level from the end of 2014, which was not repeated to the same extent in 2016.
Typical pricing pressure for our established MOSFETs products continues. We have experienced a significant decline in average selling prices versus the first fiscal quarter of 2015 and a slight decline versus the prior fiscal quarter.
In 2013, we announced a cost reduction program to enhance the competitiveness of our MOSFETs segment. The long-term program was substantially implemented by the end of the first fiscal quarter of 2016 and is expected to provide significant improvement beginning in the third fiscal quarter of 2016. See "Cost Management" above.
We continue to be optimistic about the long-term prospects of the MOSFETs segment and continue to make capital and R&D investments in this business.
40

Diodes
Net revenues of the Diodes segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| April 2, 2016 |  | April 4, 2015 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 135,384 |  |  | $ | 136,511 |
Change versus comparable prior year period |  | $ | (1,127 | ) |  |  |  |
Percentage change versus comparable prior year period |  |  | -0.8 | % |  |  |  |

Changes in Diodes segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

|  | vs. Prior Year Quarter |
Change attributable to: |  |  |
Increase in volume |  |  | 3.5 | %
Decrease in average selling prices |  |  | -3.6 | %
Foreign currency effects |  |  | -0.4 | %
Other |  |  | -0.3 | %
Net change |  |  | -0.8 | %

Gross profit margins for the Diodes segment were as follows:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 24.1 | % |  |  | 21.9 | %

The Diodes segment experienced a slight decrease in its revenue level in the first fiscal quarter of 2016 versus the corresponding prior year period. The volume increases mainly with Asian distributors were not able to offset the impact from declining average selling prices and negative euro foreign currency effects.
The gross profit margin increased primarily due to the effects of the cost reduction programs, positive foreign currency exchange rate impact on the Asian cost-of-sales, and the sales volume increase, which were only partially offset by declining average selling prices.
Typical pricing pressure for our established Diodes products continues. We have experienced a moderate price decline versus the first fiscal quarter of 2015 and a slight decline versus the prior fiscal quarter.
The cost reduction programs announced in 2013 include two smaller projects to improve the results of the Diodes segment. These projects, which were initiated in the third fiscal quarter of 2014 and substantially implemented in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2014, demonstrate our ongoing effort to improve the results of this segment. See "Cost Management" above.
41

Optoelectronic Components
Net revenues of the Optoelectronic Components segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| April 2, 2016 |  | April 4, 2015 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 62,775 |  |  | $ | 68,625 |
Change versus comparable prior year period |  | $ | (5,850 | ) |  |  |  |
Percentage change versus comparable prior year period |  |  | -8.5 | % |  |  |  |

Changes in Optoelectronic Components segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

|  | vs. Prior Year Quarter |
Change attributable to: |  |  |
Decrease in volume |  |  | -3.7 | %
Decrease in average selling prices |  |  | -4.6 | %
Foreign currency effects |  |  | -0.6 | %
Other |  |  | 0.4 | %
Net change |  |  | -8.5 | %

Gross profit margins for the Optoelectronic Components segment were as follows:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 30.6 | % |  |  | 32.3 | %

The Optoelectronic Components segment experienced a signficant decrease in revenues versus the corresponding prior year period. The difficult business environment in Asia continued in this period.
The decreases in the average selling prices and sales volume resulted in a decrease in gross profit margin versus the first fiscal quarter of 2015.
The pricing pressure for our established Optoelectronic Components products continues. We experienced a moderate decline in average selling prices versus the first fiscal quarter of 2015 and a slight decline versus the prior fiscal quarter.
42

Resistors & Inductors
Net revenues of the Resistors & Inductors segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| April 2, 2016 |  | April 4, 2015 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 183,494 |  |  | $ | 187,494 |
Change versus comparable prior year period |  | $ | (4,000 | ) |  |  |  |
Percentage change versus comparable prior year period |  |  | -2.1 | % |  |  |  |

Changes in Resistors & Inductors segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

|  | vs. Prior Year Quarter |
Change attributable to: |  |  |
Increase in volume |  |  | 0.5 | %
Decrease in average selling prices |  |  | -1.8 | %
Foreign currency effects |  |  | -0.9 | %
Other |  |  | 0.1 | %
Net change |  |  | -2.1 | %

Gross profit margins for the Resistors & Inductors segment were as follows:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 30.4 | % |  |  | 31.4 | %

The Resistors & Inductors segment experienced a slight decrease in net revenues in the first fiscal quarter of 2016 versus the corresponding prior year period. Increased sales volume was offset by a decline in average selling prices and adverse foreign currency exchange rates. Region Europe experienced an increase in net revenues, while region Americas decreased. Distribution and the industrial end market experienced decreases in net revenues versus the prior year period, while automotive increased. Net revenues in the first fiscal quarter of 2016 increased versus the prior quarter, with distribution and the industrial and automotive end markets experiencing the biggest increase.
The gross profit margin decreased slightly versus the prior year period. Increased volume and significant savings as result of the cost reduction program and better efficiencies only partially offset the decrease in average selling prices, a decrease in royalty revenues, and general cost inflation.
Average selling prices decreased slightly compared to first fiscal quarter of 2015, consistent with our historical experience.
In 2015, we announced global cost reduction programs which include targeted plans to streamline and consolidate certain product lines, including within our Resistors & Inductors segment. See "Cost Management" above and Note 3 to our consolidated condensed financial statements.
43

Capacitors
Net revenues of the Capacitors segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| April 2, 2016 |  | April 4, 2015 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 88,020 |  |  | $ | 94,036 |
Change versus comparable prior year period |  | $ | (6,016 | ) |  |  |  |
Percentage change versus comparable prior year period |  |  | -6.4 | % |  |  |  |

Changes in Capacitors segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

|  | vs. Prior Year Quarter |
Change attributable to: |  |  |
Decrease in volume |  |  | -4.1 | %
Decrease in average selling prices |  |  | -1.5 | %
Foreign currency effects |  |  | -1.0 | %
Other |  |  | 0.2 | %
Net change |  |  | -6.4 | %

Gross profit margins for the Capacitors segment was as follows:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 19.4 | % |  |  | 21.6 | %

Net revenues of the Capacitors segment for the first fiscal quarter of 2016 decreased versus the corresponding prior year period. The Capacitors segment continues to suffer from the decline of the oil and gas industry, the weakness in computers and the general economic slowdown in Asia. All regions experienced a decline versus the prior year period. Net revenues versus the prior quarter increased, mainly in the Europe and Americas regions. Distribution experienced the highest sales growth.
The gross profit margin in the first fiscal quarter of 2016 decreased versus the prior year period. The decrease is primarily due to decreases in sales volume and average selling prices. Savings from the cost reduction program and reduced material prices could not fully offset the adverse impact of sales volume and average selling prices decline.
Average selling prices decreased slightly versus the prior year period, consistent with our historical experience.
In 2015, we announced global cost reduction programs which include targeted plans to streamline and consolidate certain product lines, including within our Capacitors segment. See "Cost Management" above and Note 3 to our consolidated condensed financial statements.
44

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative ("SG&A") expenses are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| April 2, 2016 |  | April 4, 2015 |
Total SG&A expenses |  | $ | 90,286 |  |  | $ | 96,070 |
as a percentage of revenues |  |  | 15.8 | % |  |  | 16.2 | %

The overall decrease in SG&A expenses is primarily attributable to lower amortization expense and the benefits of our restructuring programs (see "Cost Management" above), partially offset by increased R&D expenses and additional compensation costs in general.
Several items included in SG&A expenses impact the comparability of these amounts, as summarized below (in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| April 2, 2016 |  | April 4, 2015 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  | $ | 3,610 |  |  | $ | 6,301 |
Net loss (gain) on sales of assets |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (83 | )

We recognized amortizable intangible asset impairment charges of $57.6 million in the third fiscal quarter of 2015. See N ote 3 to the consolidated financial statements filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on February 17, 2016.
In 2013 and 2015, we announced restructuring programs targeting SG&A expenses. See "Cost Management" above.
Other Income (Expense)
Interest expense for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016 increased by $0.1 million versus the fiscal quarter ended April 4, 2015. The increase is primarily due to higher average outstanding balances on our credit facility in 2016.
The following tables analyze the components of the line "Other" on the consolidated condensed statements of operations (in thousands):

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |  |  |  |
|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | April 4, 2015 |  |  | Change |
Foreign exchange gain (loss) |  | $ | (327 | ) |  | $ | 1,725 |  |  | $ | (2,052 | )
Interest income |  |  | 1,133 |  |  |  | 1,197 |  |  |  | (64 | )
Other |  |  | (27 | ) |  |  | 538 |  |  |  | (565 | )
|  | $ | 779 |  |  | $ | 3,460 |  |  | $ | (2,681 | )

45

Income Taxes
For the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016, our effective tax rate was 26.8%, as compared to 30.7% for the fiscal quarter ended April 4, 2015. The effective tax rate is generally less than the U.S. statutory rate primarily because of earnings in foreign jurisdictions and the release of deferred tax asset valuation allowances.
Income tax expense for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016 includes a remeasurement of the deferred tax liability recorded for the cash repatriation program announced in the fourth fiscal quarter 2015 of $0.8 million.
We operate in a global environment with significant operations in various jurisdictions outside the United States. Accordingly, our consolidated income tax rate is a composite rate reflecting our earnings and the applicable tax rates in the various jurisdictions where we operate. Part of our strategy is to achieve cost savings by operating in countries where we can take advantage of lower labor costs and available tax and other government-sponsored incentives. Accordingly, our effective tax rate is generally less than the U.S. statutory tax rate. Changes in our effective tax rate are largely attributable to changes in the mix of pretax income among our various taxing jurisdictions.
During the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2016, the liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits increased by $1.1 million on a net basis, principally due to increases for tax positions taken in prior periods, interest, and foreign currency effects.
46

Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources
We focus on our ability to generate cash flows from operations. The cash generated from operations is used to fund our capital expenditure plans, and cash in excess of our capital expenditure needs is available to fund our acquisition strategy, to reduce debt levels, and to pay dividends and repurchase stock. We have generated cash flows from operations in excess of $200 million in each of the past 14 years, and cash flows from operations in excess of $100 million in each of the past 21 years.
We refer to the amount of cash generated from operations in excess of our capital expenditure needs and net of proceeds from the sale of assets as "free cash," a measure which management uses to evaluate our ability to fund acquisitions, repay debt, and otherwise enhance stockholder value through stock repurchases or dividends. Vishay has generated positive "free cash" in each of the past 19 years, and "free cash" in excess of $80 million in each of the past 14 years. In this volatile economic environment, we continue to focus on the generation of free cash, including an emphasis on cost controls.
We continued to generate positive cash flows from operations and free cash during the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2016. Despite a slow start in terms of free cash generation and also partly due to the unusual pension contributions, we expect to generate a reasonable amount of free cash in 2016. There is no assurance, however, that we will be able to continue to generate cash flows from operations and free cash at the same levels, or at all, going forward if the current economic environment worsens.
Beginning in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2010, we have reacted to favorable market conditions to significantly reshape the company's capital structure. We have completed three issuances of low-coupon convertible debentures since the fourth fiscal quarter of 2010, each of which matures thirty years from the date of issuance. We utilized the proceeds of those debenture offerings to repurchase approximately 24% of our outstanding stock prior to implementing these initiatives.
On March 31, 2016, pursuant to an agreement dated March 10, 2016, we acquired from a holder $26.2 million principal amount of our floating rate exchangeable unsecured notes due 2102. The purchase price for this privately negotiated transaction was $22.6 million. The exchangeable unsecured notes were issued in 2002 in connection with an acquisition, and are subject to a put and call agreement dated December 13, 2002. Holders may at any time put the notes to Vishay in exchange for shares of common stock; and we may call the notes in exchange for cash or for shares of our common stock at any time after January 2, 2018. Subsequent to the spin-off of Vishay Precision Group in 2010, the put/call rate of the notes is $15.39 per share of common stock. The repurchased notes had been exchangeable for 1,702,813 shares of our common stock.
We also entered into a new, larger, revolving credit facility in 2010, which was amended and restated on August 8, 2013, and further amended and restated on December 10, 2015. The amended and restated credit facility provides an aggregate commitment of $640 million of revolving loans available until December 10, 2020, and we have the ability to request up to $50 million of incremental revolving commitments, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. The previous credit agreement was scheduled to mature on August 8, 2018. At April 2, 2016 and December 31, 2015, $178 million and $190 million, respectively, were outstanding under our credit facility.
The amended and restated credit facility allows an unlimited amount of defined "Restricted Payments," which include cash dividends to stockholders and share repurchases, provided our pro forma leverage ratio is less than 2.25 to 1. If our leverage ratio is greater than 2.25 to 1, the credit facility allows such payments up to $75 million per annum (subject to a cap of $225 million for the term of the facility). The amended and restated credit facility provides us with significantly more flexibility to execute these transactions, and our ability to utilize some of our foreign-source income for these types of transactions provides even further financial flexibility.
On May 2, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan, authorizing us to repurchase, in the aggregate, up to $100 million of our outstanding common stock. The stock repurchase plan will expire on May 2, 2017. The stock repurchase plan does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and it may be terminated or suspended at any time at our direction. We have not repurchased any stock since the inception of the plan.
Borrowings under the credit facility bear interest at LIBOR plus an interest margin. The applicable interest margin is based on our leverage ratio. Based on our current leverage ratio, borrowings bear interest at LIBOR plus 1.75%. The interest rate on our borrowings will increase to LIBOR plus 2.00% if our leverage ratio equals or exceeds 2.50 to 1 and will decrease to LIBOR plus 1.50% if our leverage ratio decreases below 1.50 to 1.
We also pay a fee, also based on our leverage ratio, on undrawn amounts. The undrawn commitment fee, based on our current leverage ratio, is 0.35% per annum. Such undrawn commitment fee will increase to 0.50% per annum if our leverage ratio equals or exceeds 2.50 to 1 and will decrease to 0.30% per annum if our leverage ratio decreases below 1.50 to 1. Prior to the December 10, 2015 amendment and restatement, the credit agreement required Vishay to pay facility fees on the entire commitment amount.
The borrowings under the credit facility are secured by a lien on substantially all assets, including accounts receivable, inventory, machinery and equipment, and general intangibles (but excluding real estate, intellectual property registered or licensed for use in, or arising under the laws of, any country other than the United States, assets located outside of the United States and deposit and securities accounts), of Vishay and certain significant subsidiaries located in the United States, and pledges of stock in certain significant domestic and foreign subsidiaries; and are guaranteed by certain significant subsidiaries. Certain of our subsidiaries are permitted to borrow under the credit facility, subject to the satisfaction of specified conditions. Any borrowings by these subsidiaries under the credit facility will be guaranteed by Vishay and certain subsidiaries.
The credit facility also limits or restricts us, from, among other things, incurring indebtedness, incurring liens on assets, making investments and acquisitions, and making asset sales, and making other restricted payments (assuming our leverage ratio is greater than 2.25 to 1), and requires us to comply with other covenants, including the maintenance of specific financial ratios.
47

The financial maintenance covenants include (a) an interest expense coverage ratio of not less than 2.00 to 1; and (b) a leverage ratio of not more than 3.25 to 1 (and a pro forma ratio of 2.75 to 1 on the date of incurrence of additional debt). The computation of these ratios is prescribed in Article VI of the Credit Agreement between Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., which has been filed with the SEC as Exhibit 10.1 to our current report on Form 8-K filed December 10, 2015.
We were in compliance with all financial covenants under the credit facility at April 2, 2016. Our interest expense coverage ratio and leverage ratio were 10.57 to 1 and 2.14 to 1, respectively. We expect to continue to be in compliance with these covenants based on current projections.
If we are not in compliance with all of the required financial covenants, the credit facility could be terminated by the lenders, and all amounts outstanding pursuant to the credit facility could become immediately payable. Additionally, our exchangeable unsecured notes due 2102 and our convertible senior debentures due 2040, due 2041, and due 2042 have cross-default provisions that could accelerate repayment in the event the indebtedness under the credit facility is accelerated.
The balance of our revolving credit facility was $190 million at December 31, 2015. We borrowed $48 million and repaid $60 million on our credit facility during the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2016. The average outstanding balance on our credit facility calculated at fiscal month-ends was $186 million and the highest amount outstanding on our credit facility at a month end was $190 million during the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2016.
Prior to three months before the maturity date, our convertible senior debentures are convertible by the holders under certain circumstances. The convertible senior debentures are not currently convertible, but the conversion criteria of the debentures will continue to be evaluated and the debentures may become convertible in the future. At the direction of our Board of Directors, we intend, upon conversion, to repay the principal amount of the convertible debentures in cash and settle any additional amounts in shares of our common stock. We intend to finance the principal amount of any converted debentures using borrowings under our credit facility.
Management expects to periodically pay down the balance of our revolving credit facility with available cash or use the credit facility to meet short-term financing needs. We expect that cash on-hand and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our longer-term financing needs related to normal operating requirements, regular dividend payments, and our research and development and capital expenditure plans. Additional acquisition activity, share repurchases, or conversion of our convertible debentures may require additional borrowing under our credit facility or may otherwise require us to incur additional debt. No principal payments on our outstanding debt are due before the maturity of our revolving credit facility in December 2020.
As of April 2, 2016, substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were held in countries outside of the United States. Certain payments, such as cash dividends to stockholders, share repurchases, and interest payments on our debt instruments need to be paid by the U.S. parent company, Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. Our U.S. subsidiaries have other operating cash needs.
Our substantially undrawn credit facility provides us with significant liquidity in the United States.
As part of the amendment and restatement of the revolving credit facility in December 2015, we completed an evaluation of our anticipated domestic cash needs over the next several years and our most efficient use of liquidity, with consideration of the amount of cash that can be repatriated to the U.S. efficiently with lesser withholding taxes in foreign jurisdictions. As a result of that evaluation, during the fourth quarter of 2015, we recognized income tax expense, including U.S. federal and state income taxes, incremental foreign income taxes, and withholding taxes payable to foreign jurisdictions, on $300 million of foreign earnings which we expect to repatriate to the U.S. over the next several years.
Except as described above, earnings generated by foreign subsidiaries are expected to be reinvested outside of the United States indefinitely. If additional cash is needed to be repatriated to the United States, in addition to various foreign country laws regulating the exportation of the cash and profits, we would be subject to U.S. income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits), state income taxes, incremental foreign income taxes, and withholding taxes payable to various foreign jurisdictions.
We invest a portion of our excess cash in highly liquid, high-quality instruments with maturities greater than 90 days, but less than 1 year, which we classify as short-term investments on our consolidated balance sheets. As these investments were funded using a portion of excess cash and represent a significant aspect of our cash management strategy, we include the investments in the calculation of net cash and short-term investments (debt).
The interest rates on our short-term investments average 0.46% and are approximately 10 basis points higher than interest rates on our cash accounts. Transactions related to these investments are classified as investing activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
48

The following table summarizes the components of net cash and short-term investments (debt) at April 2, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

|  | April 2, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |
Credit facility |  | $ | 178,000 |  |  | $ | 190,000 |
Exchangeable unsecured notes, due 2102 |  |  | 12,436 |  |  |  | 38,642 |
Convertible senior debentures, due 2040* |  |  | 106,573 |  |  |  | 106,011 |
Convertible senior debentures, due 2041* |  |  | 54,746 |  |  |  | 54,424 |
Convertible senior debentures, due 2042* |  |  | 60,583 |  |  |  | 60,320 |
Deferred financing costs |  |  | (12,214 | ) |  |  | (12,659 | )
Total debt |  |  | 400,124 |  |  |  | 436,738 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 531,296 |  |  |  | 475,507 |
Short-term investments |  |  | 544,328 |  |  |  | 619,040 |
Net cash and short-term investments (debt) |  | $ | 675,500 |  |  | $ | 657,809 |

*Represents the carrying amount of the convertible debentures, which is comprised of the principal amount of the debentures, net of the unamortized discount and the associated embedded derivative liability.
Measurements such as "free cash" and "net cash and short-term investments (debt)" do not have uniform definitions and are not recognized in accordance with GAAP. Such measures should not be viewed as alternatives to GAAP measures of performance or liquidity. However, management believes that "free cash" is a meaningful measure of our ability to fund acquisitions, repay debt, and otherwise enhance stockholder value through stock repurchases or dividends, and that an analysis of "net cash and short-term investments (debt)" assists investors in understanding aspects of our cash and debt management. These measures, as calculated by us, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
Our financial condition as of April 2, 2016 continued to be strong, with a current ratio (current assets to current liabilities) of 4.3 to 1, as compared to 4.1 to 1 as of December 31, 2015. The increase in the ratio is primarily due to an increase in accounts receivable and a decrease in accounts payable. Our ratio of total debt to Vishay stockholders' equity was 0.24 to 1 at April 2, 2016 as compared to a ratio of 0.27 to 1 at December 31, 2015. The decrease in the ratio is primarily due to the repurchase of exchangeable notes and credit facility repayments.
Cash flows provided by operating activities were $20.3 million for the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2016, as compared to cash flows provided by operations of $13.5 million for the three fiscal months ended April 4, 2015. Cash flows provided by operating activities for the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2016 were negatively impacted by $17.0 million of cash contributions to our Taiwanese pension plans.
Cash paid for property and equipment for the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2016 was $19.8 million, as compared to $19.8 million for the three fiscal months ended April 4, 2015. We expect capital spending of approximately $130 million in 2016.
Cash paid for dividends to our common and Class B common stockholders totalled $9.2 million and $8.9 million for the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2016 and April 4, 2015, respectively. We expect dividend payments in 2016 to total approximately $37.0 million. However, any future dividend declaration and payment remains subject to authorization by our Board of Directors.
49

Contractual Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed on February 17, 2016, includes a table of contractual commitments. There were no material changes to these commitments since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We do not participate in nor have we created any off-balance sheet variable interest entities or other off-balance sheet financing, other than the operating leases described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Dividends
In 2014, our Board of Directors approved the initiation of a quarterly cash dividend program. Cash dividends of $0.06 per share of common stock and Class B common stock were paid in each quarter of 2014 and 2015. On February 16, 2016, our Board of Directors increased the quarterly cash divided to $0.0625 per share of common stock and Class B common stock. We expect to continue to pay quarterly dividends, although each dividend is subject to approval by our Board of Directors.
The following table summarizes the quarterly cash dividends declared (in thousands):

Fiscal Period | Amount |  | Month of Payment
Three fiscal months ended April 2, 2016 |  | $ | 9,231 |  | March

Safe Harbor Statement
From time to time, information provided by us, including but not limited to statements in this report, or other statements made by or on our behalf, may contain "forward-looking" information within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as "believe," "estimate," "will be," "will," "would," "expect," "anticipate," "plan," "project," "intend," "could," "should," or other similar words or expressions often identify forward-looking statements.
Such statements are based on current expectations only, and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, many of which are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results, performance, or achievements may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, or projected. Among the factors that could cause actual results to materially differ include: general business and economic conditions; difficulties in identifying suitable acquisition candidates, consummating a transaction on terms which we consider acceptable, and integration and performance of acquired businesses; difficulties in new product development; changes in competition and technology in the markets that we serve and the mix of our products required to address these changes; an inability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, particularly in respect of our acquired businesses; uncertainty related to the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates; delays or difficulties in implementing our cost management strategies; and other factors affecting our operations, markets, products, services, and prices that are set forth in our filings with the SEC, including our annual reports on Form 10-K and our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Our 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K listed various important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from projected and historic results. We note these factors for investors as permitted by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Readers can find them in Part I, Item 1A, of that filing under the heading "Risk Factors." You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.
50

Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Part II, Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the SEC on February 17, 2016, describes our exposure to market risks. There have been no material changes to our market risks since December 31, 2015.

Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act are: (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms; and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
51

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

Item 3 of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the SEC on February 17, 2016 describe certain of our legal proceedings. Except as set forth below, there have been no material developments to the legal proceedings previously disclosed.
On March 29, 2016, the Japan Fair Trade Commission ("JFTC") issued cease and desist orders ("Orders") to certain companies including Vishay Polytech Co., Ltd. ("VPC"), a subsidiary of Vishay, for violation of local antitrust laws by holding meetings in which sensitive business information was exchanged. In compliance with the Orders, VPC has confirmed to the JFTC that the pricing of tantalum capacitors is independently determined without collaboration from competitors. VPC has also confirmed to the JFTC that VPC's employees, customers and competitors will be notified of VPC's compliance with the Orders.
The JFTC granted VPC full immunity and issued no fine against VPC based on VPC's cooperation and future commitment to compliance. The conduct attributable to VPC occurred prior to the acquisition of that business by Vishay.
Holy Stone, VPC's prior owner, has agreed to indemnify Vishay and VPC for losses, including expenses associated with this investigation.

Item 1A. | Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors we previously disclosed under Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the SEC on February 17, 2016.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On March 31, 2016, pursuant to an agreement dated March 10, 2016, the Company acquired from a holder $26.2 million principal amount of the Company's floating rate exchangeable unsecured notes due 2102. The purchase price for this privately negotiated transaction was $22.6 million. The exchangeable unsecured notes were issued in 2002 in connection with an acquisition, and are subject to a put and call agreement dated December 13, 2002. Holders may at any time put the notes to Vishay in exchange for shares of common stock; and Vishay may call the notes in exchange for cash or for shares of its common stock at any time after January 2, 2018. Subsequent to the spin-off of Vishay Precision Group in 2010, the put/call rate of the notes is $15.39 per share of common stock.
The notes that Vishay repurchased from a holder had been exchangeable for 1,702,813 shares of Vishay common stock.
On May 2, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan, authorizing us to repurchase, in the aggregate, up to $100 million of our outstanding common stock. The stock repurchase plan will expire on May 2, 2017. The stock repurchase plan does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and it may be terminated or suspended at any time at our direction. We have not repurchased any stock since the inception of the plan.

Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. | Other Information

Not applicable.
52

Item 6. | Exhibits

31.1 | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Dr. Gerald Paul, Chief Executive Officer.
31.2 | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Lori Lipcaman, Chief Financial Officer.
32.1 | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Dr. Gerald Paul, Chief Executive Officer.
32.2 | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Lori Lipcaman, Chief Financial Officer.
101 | Interactive Data File (Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the quarterly period ended April 2, 2016, furnished in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language)).

____________
53

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
| /s/ Lori Lipcaman |
| Lori Lipcaman |
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
| (as a duly authorized officer and principal financial and
| accounting officer)

Date: May 3, 2016
54