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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Income Taxes [Abstract] |
Schedule of components of income tax expense associated with the TCJA [Table Text Block] | The provisional amount of net tax expense recorded by the Company in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2017 that is directly and indirectly related to the TCJA is summarized as follows:
Remeasurement of net deferred tax liabilities |  | $ | (74,816 | )
Transition tax on unremitted foreign earnings |  |  | 215,558 |
Incremental foreign taxes on assumed repatriation |  |  | 213,000 |
Reversal of deferred taxes due to cancellation of 2015 repatriation plan |  |  | (118,887 | )
Total tax expense related to the enactment of the TCJA |  | $ | 234,855 |
Components of income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes and noncontrolling interest | Note 5 – Income Taxes (continued) Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes and noncontrolling interests consists of the following components:
|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Domestic |  | $ | (40,171 | ) |  | $ | (135,953 | ) |  | $ | (40,929 | )
Foreign |  |  | 319,535 |  |  |  | 230,169 |  |  |  | 115,669 |
|  | $ | 279,364 |  |  | $ | 94,216 |  |  | $ | 74,740 |
Components of income taxes | Significant components of income taxes are as follows:
|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 180,873 |  |  | $ | 358 |  |  | $ | 290 |
State and local |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 163 |
Foreign |  |  | 65,566 |  |  |  | 46,999 |  |  |  | 63,573 |
|  |  | 246,547 |  |  |  | 47,362 |  |  |  | 64,026 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  | (101,896 | ) |  |  | 6,163 |  |  |  | 78,933 |
State and local |  |  | 1,538 |  |  |  | (3,039 | ) |  |  | 311 |
Foreign |  |  | 152,735 |  |  |  | (5,643 | ) |  |  | 39,203 |
|  |  | 52,377 |  |  |  | (2,519 | ) |  |  | 118,447 |
Total income tax expense |  | $ | 298,924 |  |  | $ | 44,843 |  |  | $ | 182,473 |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities | Note 5 – Income Taxes (continued) Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension and other retiree obligations |  | $ | 43,536 |  |  | $ | 47,104 |
Inventories |  |  | 9,658 |  |  |  | 7,691 |
Property and equipment |  |  | 3,798 |  |  |  | (1,025 | )
Net operating loss carryforwards |  |  | 136,599 |  |  |  | 183,562 |
Tax credit carryforwards |  |  | 13,328 |  |  |  | 25,432 |
Other accruals and reserves |  |  | 22,930 |  |  |  | 29,401 |
Total gross deferred tax assets |  |  | 229,849 |  |  |  | 292,165 |
Less valuation allowance |  |  | (149,070 | ) |  |  | (165,269 | )
|  |  | 80,779 |  |  |  | 126,896 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings not permanently reinvested |  |  | (213,000 | ) |  |  | (139,165 | )
Convertible debentures |  |  | (135,576 | ) |  |  | (203,641 | )
Other - net |  |  | (6,125 | ) |  |  | (10,646 | )
Total gross deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (354,701 | ) |  |  | (353,452 | )
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) |  | $ | (273,922 | ) |  | $ | (226,556 | )
Federal statutory income tax rate reconciliation | A reconciliation of income tax expense at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to actual income tax provision is as follows:
|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Tax at statutory rate |  | $ | 97,777 |  |  | $ | 32,976 |  |  | $ | 26,159 |
State income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit |  |  | 1,070 |  |  |  | (1,972 | ) |  |  | 309 |
Effect of foreign operations |  |  | (54,807 | ) |  |  | (26,551 | ) |  |  | (13,212 | )
Tax on earnings not permanently reinvested |  |  | 88,311 |  |  |  | (3,553 | ) |  |  | 163,699 |
Unrecognized tax benefits |  |  | 5,887 |  |  |  | (8,453 | ) |  |  | (1,353 | )
Change in valuation allowance on non-U.S. deferred tax assets |  |  | - |  |  |  | 991 |  |  |  | (8,888 | )
TCJA - remeasurement of net deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (74,816 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
TCJA - transition tax on unremitted foreign earnings |  |  | 215,558 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Foreign income taxable in the U.S. |  |  | 20,436 |  |  |  | 18,442 |  |  |  | 7,025 |
Termination of U.S. pension |  |  | - |  |  |  | 34,853 |  |  |  | - |
Tax effect of impairment charges |  |  | - |  |  |  | (454 | ) |  |  | 8,305 |
Other |  |  | (492 | ) |  |  | (1,436 | ) |  |  | 429 |
Total income tax expense |  | $ | 298,924 |  |  | $ | 44,843 |  |  | $ | 182,473 |
Net operating loss carryforwards | At December 31, 2017, the Company had the following significant net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes:
|  |  |  |  | Expires |
Austria |  | $ | 16,836 |  |  | No expiration |
Belgium |  |  | 171,122 |  |  | No expiration |
Brazil |  |  | 12,622 |  |  | No expiration |
Germany |  |  | 6,272 |  |  | No expiration |
Israel |  |  | 10,707 |  |  | No expiration |
Japan |  |  | 5,358 |  |  |  | 2018 - 2026 |
Netherlands |  |  | 19,073 |  |  |  | 2018 - 2026 |
The Republic of China (Taiwan) |  |  | 14,594 |  |  |  | 2024 - 2027 |
California |  |  | 55,479 |  |  |  | 2026 - 2037 |
Pennsylvania |  |  | 722,277 |  |  |  | 2018 - 2037 |
Summary of significant tax credit carryforwards available | At December 31, 2017, the Company had the following significant tax credit carryforward available:
|  |  | Expires
California Research Credit |  | $ | 13,327 |  | No expiration
Unrecognized tax benefits | The following table summarizes changes in the liabilities associated with unrecognized tax benefits:
|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Balance at beginning of year |  | $ | 16,805 |  |  | $ | 23,527 |  |  | $ | 26,583 |
Addition based on tax positions related to the current year |  |  | 3,911 |  |  |  | 1,553 |  |  |  | 1,439 |
Addition based on tax positions related to prior years |  |  | 1,837 |  |  |  | 1,047 |  |  |  | 1,894 |
Currency translation adjustments |  |  | 915 |  |  |  | (96 | ) |  |  | (1,370 | )
Reduction based on tax positions related to prior years |  |  | (1,473 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Reduction for settlements |  |  | (4,077 | ) |  |  | (1,210 | ) |  |  | (4,879 | )
Reduction for lapses of statute of limitation |  |  | (862 | ) |  |  | (8,016 | ) |  |  | (140 | )
Balance at end of year |  | $ | 17,056 |  |  | $ | 16,805 |  |  | $ | 23,527 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=SL6600010-109319 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32718-109319 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 19 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32840-109319 + Details
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