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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Income Taxes [Abstract] |
Schedule of components of income tax expense associated with the TCJA [Table Text Block] | The amount of net tax expense recorded provisionally by the Company in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2017 and adjustments recorded during the measurement period in 2018 that are directly and indirectly related to the TCJA are summarized as follows:
|  |  |  |  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | Total |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Remeasurement of net deferred tax liabilities |  | $ | (76,027 | ) |  | $ | (1,211 | ) |  | $ | (74,816 | )
Transition tax on unremitted foreign earnings |  |  | 222,983 |  |  |  | 7,425 |  |  |  | 215,558 |
Incremental foreign taxes on assumed repatriation |  |  | 232,282 |  |  |  | 19,282 |  |  |  | 213,000 |
Reversal of deferred taxes due to cancellation of 2015 repatriation plan |  |  | (118,887 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (118,887 | )
Total tax expense related to the enactment of the TCJA |  | $ | 260,351 |  |  | $ | 25,496 |  |  | $ | 234,855 |
Components of income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes and noncontrolling interest | Note 5 – Income Taxes (continued) Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes and noncontrolling interests consists of the following components:
|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Domestic |  | $ | (39,861 | ) |  | $ | (40,171 | ) |  | $ | (135,953 | )
Foreign |  |  | 456,637 |  |  |  | 319,535 |  |  |  | 230,169 |
|  | $ | 416,776 |  |  | $ | 279,364 |  |  | $ | 94,216 |
Components of income taxes | Significant components of income taxes are as follows:
|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 18,756 |  |  | $ | 180,873 |  |  | $ | 358 |
State and local |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 5 |
Foreign |  |  | 263,247 |  |  |  | 65,566 |  |  |  | 46,999 |
|  |  | 282,212 |  |  |  | 246,547 |  |  |  | 47,362 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  | (58,386 | ) |  |  | (101,896 | ) |  |  | 6,163 |
State and local |  |  | (3,117 | ) |  |  | 1,538 |  |  |  | (3,039 | )
Foreign |  |  | (150,470 | ) |  |  | 152,735 |  |  |  | (5,643 | )
|  |  | (211,973 | ) |  |  | 52,377 |  |  |  | (2,519 | )
Total income tax expense |  | $ | 70,239 |  |  | $ | 298,924 |  |  | $ | 44,843 |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities | Note 5 – Income Taxes (continued) Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension and other retiree obligations |  | $ | 43,238 |  |  | $ | 43,536 |
Inventories |  |  | 9,795 |  |  |  | 9,658 |
Property and equipment |  |  | 5,888 |  |  |  | 3,798 |
Net operating loss carryforwards |  |  | 128,177 |  |  |  | 136,599 |
Tax credit carryforwards |  |  | 72,708 |  |  |  | 13,328 |
Other accruals and reserves |  |  | 19,645 |  |  |  | 22,930 |
Total gross deferred tax assets |  |  | 279,451 |  |  |  | 229,849 |
Less valuation allowance |  |  | (200,809 | ) |  |  | (149,070 | )
|  |  | 78,642 |  |  |  | 80,779 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings not permanently reinvested |  |  | (65,537 | ) |  |  | (213,000 | )
Convertible debentures |  |  | (32,488 | ) |  |  | (135,576 | )
Other - net |  |  | (7,370 | ) |  |  | (6,125 | )
Total gross deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (105,395 | ) |  |  | (354,701 | )
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) |  | $ | (26,753 | ) |  | $ | (273,922 | )
Federal statutory income tax rate reconciliation | A reconciliation of income tax expense at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to actual income tax provision is as follows:
|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Tax at statutory rate |  | $ | 87,523 |  |  | $ | 97,777 |  |  | $ | 32,976 |
State income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit |  |  | (2,298 | ) |  |  | 1,070 |  |  |  | (1,972 | )
Effect of foreign operations |  |  | 5,736 |  |  |  | (54,807 | ) |  |  | (26,551 | )
Tax on earnings not permanently reinvested |  |  | 9,304 |  |  |  | 88,311 |  |  |  | (3,553 | )
Unrecognized tax benefits |  |  | 2,669 |  |  |  | 5,887 |  |  |  | (8,453 | )
Repurchase of senior convertible debentures |  |  | (52,312 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
TCJA - remeasurement of net deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (1,211 | ) |  |  | (74,816 | ) |  |  | - |
TCJA - transition tax on unremitted foreign earnings |  |  | 7,425 |  |  |  | 215,558 |  |  |  | - |
Foreign income taxable in the U.S. |  |  | 15,055 |  |  |  | 20,436 |  |  |  | 18,442 |
Termination of U.S. pension |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 34,853 |
Other |  |  | (1,652 | ) |  |  | (492 | ) |  |  | (899 | )
Total income tax expense |  | $ | 70,239 |  |  | $ | 298,924 |  |  | $ | 44,843 |
Net operating loss carryforwards | At December 31, 2018, the Company had the following significant net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes:
|  |  |  |  | Expires |
Austria |  | $ | 15,763 |  |  | No expiration |
Belgium |  |  | 162,787 |  |  | No expiration |
Brazil |  |  | 11,774 |  |  | No expiration |
Israel |  |  | 10,707 |  |  | No expiration |
Japan |  |  | 5,052 |  |  |  | 2020 - 2026 |
Netherlands |  |  | 12,216 |  |  |  | 2019 - 2026 |
The Republic of China (Taiwan) |  |  | 18,833 |  |  |  | 2024 - 2028 |
California |  |  | 53,377 |  |  |  | 2026 - 2038 |
Pennsylvania |  |  | 688,932 |  |  |  | 2019 - 2038 |
Summary of significant tax credit carryforwards available | At December 31, 2018, the Company had the following significant tax credit carryforwards available:
|  |  |  |  | Expires |
U.S. Foreign Tax Credit |  | $ | 57,852 |  |  |  | 2028 |
California Research Credit |  |  | 14,856 |  |  | No expiration |
Unrecognized tax benefits | The following table summarizes changes in the liabilities associated with unrecognized tax benefits:
|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Balance at beginning of year |  | $ | 17,056 |  |  | $ | 16,805 |  |  | $ | 23,527 |
Addition based on tax positions related to the current year |  |  | 4,332 |  |  |  | 3,911 |  |  |  | 1,553 |
Addition based on tax positions related to prior years |  |  | 2,066 |  |  |  | 1,837 |  |  |  | 1,047 |
Currency translation adjustments |  |  | (984 | ) |  |  | 915 |  |  |  | (96 | )
Reduction based on tax positions related to prior years |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,473 | ) |  |  | - |
Reduction for settlements |  |  | (1,229 | ) |  |  | (4,077 | ) |  |  | (1,210 | )
Reduction for lapses of statute of limitation |  |  | - |  |  |  | (862 | ) |  |  | (8,016 | )
Balance at end of year |  | $ | 21,241 |  |  | $ | 17,056 |  |  | $ | 16,805 |

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