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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 30, 2024

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______
Commission File Number 011-07416
Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 38-1686453
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
63 Lancaster Avenue Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355-2143 |  | 610-644-1300
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Registrant’s Area Code and Telephone Number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

| Title of each class | Trading symbol | Name of exchange on which registered |
| Common stock, par value $0.10 per share | VSH | New York Stock Exchange LLC |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.)
☒Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

| Large Accelerated Filer ☒ | Accelerated filer ☐
| Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company ☐
| Emerging growth company ☐ |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
☐ Yes ☒ No
As of May 6, 2024 the registrant had 125,140,058 shares of its common stock (excluding treasury shares) and 12,097,148 shares of its Class B common stock outstanding.

This page intentionally left blank.
2

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
FORM 10-Q
MARCH 30, 2024
CONTENTS

|  |  |  | Page Number
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
| Item 1. | Financial Statements |  |
|  | Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets – March 30, 2024 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2023 |  | 4
|  | Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited) – Fiscal Quarters Ended March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023 |  | 6
|  | Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) – Fiscal Quarters Ended March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023 |  | 7
|  | Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) – Fiscal Quarters Ended March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023 |  | 8
|  | Consolidated Condensed Statements of Equity (Unaudited) |  | 9
|  | Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  | 10
| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 22
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 39
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |  | 39
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |  |
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |  | 40
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors |  | 40
| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |  | 40
| Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 40
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 40
| Item 5. | Other Information |  | 40
| Item 6. | Exhibits |  | 41
|  | SIGNATURES |  | 42

3

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets
(In thousands)

|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 796,541 |  |  | $ | 972,719 |
Short-term investments |  |  | 37,418 |  |  |  | 35,808 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 411,203 |  |  |  | 426,674 |
Inventories: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finished goods |  |  | 166,684 |  |  |  | 167,083 |
Work in process |  |  | 280,536 |  |  |  | 267,339 |
Raw materials |  |  | 218,623 |  |  |  | 213,098 |
Total inventories |  |  | 665,843 |  |  |  | 647,520 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 232,135 |  |  |  | 214,443 |
Total current assets |  |  | 2,143,140 |  |  |  | 2,297,164 |
Property and equipment, at cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Land |  |  | 84,302 |  |  |  | 77,006 |
Buildings and improvements |  |  | 744,328 |  |  |  | 719,387 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 3,171,593 |  |  |  | 3,053,868 |
Construction in progress |  |  | 300,714 |  |  |  | 290,593 |
Allowance for depreciation |  |  | (2,857,344 | ) |  |  | (2,846,208 | )
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 1,443,593 |  |  |  | 1,294,646 |
Right of use assets |  |  | 129,346 |  |  |  | 126,829 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 135,786 |  |  |  | 137,394 |
Goodwill |  |  | 238,890 |  |  |  | 201,416 |
Other intangible assets, net |  |  | 73,444 |  |  |  | 72,333 |
Other assets |  |  | 99,865 |  |  |  | 110,141 |
Total assets |  | $ | 4,264,064 |  |  | $ | 4,239,923 |

Continues on following page.
4

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets (continued)
(In thousands)

|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  |  |
Liabilities and equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts payable |  | $ | 197,513 |  |  | $ | 191,002 |
Payroll and related expenses |  |  | 153,280 |  |  |  | 161,940 |
Lease liabilities |  |  | 27,760 |  |  |  | 26,485 |
Other accrued expenses |  |  | 258,773 |  |  |  | 239,350 |
Income taxes |  |  | 72,018 |  |  |  | 73,098 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 709,344 |  |  |  | 691,875 |
Long-term debt less current portion |  |  | 819,407 |  |  |  | 818,188 |
U.S. transition tax payable |  |  | 47,027 |  |  |  | 47,027 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 118,389 |  |  |  | 95,776 |
Long-term lease liabilities |  |  | 103,594 |  |  |  | 102,830 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 88,719 |  |  |  | 87,918 |
Accrued pension and other postretirement costs |  |  | 190,356 |  |  |  | 195,503 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 2,076,836 |  |  |  | 2,039,117 |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vishay stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock |  |  | 13,357 |  |  |  | 13,319 |
Class B convertible common stock |  |  | 1,210 |  |  |  | 1,210 |
Capital in excess of par value |  |  | 1,292,765 |  |  |  | 1,291,499 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 1,058,531 |  |  |  | 1,041,372 |
Treasury stock (at cost) |  |  | (174,194 | ) |  |  | (161,656 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (9,685 | ) |  |  | 10,337 |
Total Vishay stockholders' equity |  |  | 2,181,984 |  |  |  | 2,196,081 |
Noncontrolling interests |  |  | 5,244 |  |  |  | 4,725 |
Total equity |  |  | 2,187,228 |  |  |  | 2,200,806 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 4,264,064 |  |  | $ | 4,239,923 |

See accompanying notes.
5

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations
(Unaudited - In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 746,279 |  |  | $ | 871,046 |
Costs of products sold |  |  | 575,872 |  |  |  | 592,333 |
Gross profit |  |  | 170,407 |  |  |  | 278,713 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  |  | 127,736 |  |  |  | 120,145 |
Operating income |  |  | 42,671 |  |  |  | 158,568 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (6,496 | ) |  |  | (5,120 | )
Other |  |  | 8,087 |  |  |  | 3,329 |
Total other income (expense) |  |  | 1,591 |  |  |  | (1,791 | )
Income before taxes |  |  | 44,262 |  |  |  | 156,777 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 12,819 |  |  |  | 44,588 |
Net earnings |  |  | 31,443 |  |  |  | 112,189 |
Less: net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 519 |  |  |  | 408 |
Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 30,924 |  |  | $ | 111,781 |
Basic earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic |  |  | 137,726 |  |  |  | 140,636 |
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted |  |  | 138,476 |  |  |  | 141,251 |
Cash dividends per share |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | 0.10 |

See accompanying notes.
6

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited - In thousands)

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Net earnings |  | $ | 31,443 |  |  | $ | 112,189 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension and other post-retirement actuarial items |  |  | (2,196 | ) |  |  | 136 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | (17,826 | ) |  |  | 19,723 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (20,022 | ) |  |  | 19,859 |
Comprehensive income |  |  | 11,421 |  |  |  | 132,048 |
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 519 |  |  |  | 408 |
Comprehensive income attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 10,902 |  |  | $ | 131,640 |

See accompanying notes.
7

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited - In thousands)

|  | Three fiscal months ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 31,443 |  |  | $ | 112,189 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 49,527 |  |  |  | 43,301 |
Gain on disposal of property and equipment |  |  | (625 | ) |  |  | (64 | )
Inventory write-offs for obsolescence |  |  | 8,179 |  |  |  | 8,986 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 4,376 |  |  |  | 7,329 |
Stock compensation expense |  |  | 5,344 |  |  |  | 2,965 |
Other |  |  | 426 |  |  |  | (2,696 | )
Net change in operating assets and liabilities |  |  | (18,459 | ) |  |  | (42,117 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 80,211 |  |  |  | 129,893 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (53,084 | ) |  |  | (45,574 | )
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |  |  | 751 |  |  |  | 326 |
Purchase of business, net of cash acquired |  |  | (168,616 | ) |  |  | - |
Purchase of short-term investments |  |  | (19,232 | ) |  |  | (41 | )
Maturity of short-term investments |  |  | 17,611 |  |  |  | 121,768 |
Other investing activities |  |  | (1,219 | ) |  |  | (892 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | (223,789 | ) |  |  | 75,587 |
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net proceeds on revolving credit facility |  |  | - |  |  |  | 65,000 |
Dividends paid to common stockholders |  |  | (12,542 | ) |  |  | (12,810 | )
Dividends paid to Class B common stockholders |  |  | (1,210 | ) |  |  | (1,210 | )
Repurchase of common stock held in treasury |  |  | (12,538 | ) |  |  | (20,173 | )
Cash withholding taxes paid when shares withheld for vested equity awards |  |  | (4,053 | ) |  |  | (3,653 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  | (30,343 | ) |  |  | 27,154 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (2,257 | ) |  |  | 4,075 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (176,178 | ) |  |  | 236,709 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 972,719 |  |  |  | 610,825 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 796,541 |  |  | $ | 847,534 |

See accompanying notes.
8

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Equity
(Unaudited - In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Class B Convertible Common Stock |  |  | Capital in Excess of Par Value |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | Total Vishay Stockholders' Equity |  |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | Total Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 13,291 |  |  | $ | 1,210 |  |  | $ | 1,352,321 |  |  | $ | 773,228 |  |  | $ | (82,972 | ) |  | $ | (10,827 | ) |  | $ | 2,046,251 |  |  | $ | 3,899 |  |  | $ | 2,050,150 |
Net earnings |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 111,781 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 111,781 |  |  |  | 408 |  |  |  | 112,189 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 19,859 |  |  |  | 19,859 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 19,859 |
Issuance of stock and related tax withholdings for vested restricted stock units (254,513 shares) |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (3,678 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (3,653 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (3,653 | )
Dividends declared ($0.10 per share) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | (14,034 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (14,020 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (14,020 | )
Stock compensation expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,965 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,965 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,965 |
Repurchase of common stock held in treasury (916,221 shares) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (20,173 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (20,173 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (20,173 | )
Balance at April 1, 2023 |  | $ | 13,316 |  |  | $ | 1,210 |  |  | $ | 1,351,622 |  |  | $ | 870,975 |  |  | $ | (103,145 | ) |  | $ | 9,032 |  |  | $ | 2,143,010 |  |  | $ | 4,307 |  |  | $ | 2,147,317 |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 13,319 |  |  | $ | 1,210 |  |  | $ | 1,291,499 |  |  | $ | 1,041,372 |  |  | $ | (161,656 | ) |  | $ | 10,337 |  |  | $ | 2,196,081 |  |  | $ | 4,725 |  |  | $ | 2,200,806 |
Net earnings |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 30,924 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 30,924 |  |  |  | 519 |  |  |  | 31,443 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (20,022 | ) |  |  | (20,022 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (20,022 | )
Issuance of stock and related tax withholdings for vested restricted stock units and phantom stock units (371,055 shares) |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (4,091 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (4,053 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (4,053 | )
Dividends declared ($0.10 per share) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | (13,765 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (13,752 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (13,752 | )
Stock compensation expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,344 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,344 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,344 |
Repurchase of common stock held in treasury (565,420 shares) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (12,538 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (12,538 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (12,538 | )
Balance at March 30, 2024 |  | $ | 13,357 |  |  | $ | 1,210 |  |  | $ | 1,292,765 |  |  | $ | 1,058,531 |  |  | $ | (174,194 | ) |  | $ | (9,685 | ) |  | $ | 2,181,984 |  |  | $ | 5,244 |  |  | $ | 2,187,228 |

See accompanying notes.
9

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 1 – Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements of Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. (“Vishay” or the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and therefore do not include all information and footnotes necessary for presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. The information furnished reflects all normal recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair summary of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The results of operations for the three fiscal months ended March 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
The Company reports interim financial information for 13-week periods beginning on a Sunday and ending on a Saturday, except for the first fiscal quarter, which always begins on January 1, and the fourth fiscal quarter, which always ends on December 31. The four fiscal quarters in 2024 end on March 30, 2024, June 29, 2024, September 28, 2024, and December 31, 2024, respectively. The four fiscal quarters in 2023 ended on April 1, 2023, July 1, 2023, September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Reclassifications
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current financial statement presentation.
Note 2 – Acquisition Activities
As part of its growth strategy, the Company seeks to expand through targeted acquisitions of other manufacturers of electronic components. These acquisition targets include businesses that have established positions in major markets, reputations for product quality and reliability, and product lines with which the Company has substantial marketing and technical expertise. It also includes certain businesses that possess technologies which the Company expects to further develop and commercialize.
Newport wafer fab
On March 5, 2024, Vishay acquired Nexperia’s wafer fabrication facility and operations located in Newport, South Wales, U.K. for $177,366 in cash, net of cash acquired and subject to customary post-closing adjustments. The transaction included contingent payments of up to $15,000, held in escrow pending receipt of an export license. The wafer fabrication facility is located on 28 acres and is an automotive-certified, 200mm semiconductor wafer fab with capacity to produce more than 30,000 wafers per month. See Note 13 for further discussion on the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration liability.
The transaction was funded by Vishay with cash on-hand. To effect the transaction, Vishay acquired a 100% interest in the legal entity Neptune 6 Limited, and its wholly-owned operating subsidiary, Nexperia Newport Limited, which owns and operates the Newport facility. Neptune 6 Limited was renamed "Vishay UK Holdings Limited," and Nexperia Newport Limited was renamed "Vishay Newport Limited."
Based on an estimate of fair values, the Company allocated the purchase price of the acquisition as follows:

Net working deficit (excluding cash and cash equivalents) |  | $ | (339 | )
Property and equipment |  |  | 153,597 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 4,000 |
Other, net |  |  | 1,315 |
Deferred taxes, net |  |  | (18,908 | )
Total identified assets and liabilities |  |  | 139,665 |
Purchase price, net of cash acquired |  |  | 177,366 |
Goodwill |  | $ | 37,701 |

The acquired assets and liabilities are included in the MOSFETs segment. There were no other material changes to goodwill or segment assets since December 31, 2023. The weighted average useful lives for customer relationships is 3 years. The goodwill associated with this transaction is not deductible for income tax purposes. The preliminary purchase price allocation is pending finalization of appraisals for property and equipment and intangible assets and finalization of a working capital adjustment. There can be no assurance that the estimated amounts recorded represent the final purchase price allocation.
10

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
The Company recognized $2,984 of acquisition costs classified as a component of selling, general, and administrative expenses. These costs were recognized in the third and fourth fiscal quarters of 2023 and first fiscal quarter of 2024.
The results and operations of this acquisition have been included in the MOSFETs segment since March 5, 2024. The inclusion of this acquisition did not have material impact on the MOSFETs segment's or the Company's consolidated results.
MaxPower Semiconductor, Inc.
In October 2022, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of MaxPower Semiconductor, Inc., ("MaxPower"). The Company paid cash of $50,000, net of cash acquired, at closing. The transaction also included possible contingent payments of up to $57,500, which would be payable upon the achievement of certain technology milestones, upon favorable resolution of certain technology licensing matters with a third party, and upon the disposition of MaxPower's investment in an equity affiliate. As of March 30, 2024, the contingent payments upon favorable resolution of certain technology licensing matters with a third party and upon the disposition of MaxPower's investment in an equity affiliate have been resolved. The Company's estimate of the maximum possible contingent payments is $17,500. See Note 13 for further discussion on the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration liability.
11

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 3 – Leases
The net right of use assets and lease liabilities recognized on the consolidated condensed balance sheets for the Company's operating leases were as follows:

|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Right of use assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Leases |  |  |  |  |  |
Buildings and improvements |  | $ | 120,508 |  |  | $ | 121,578 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 8,838 |  |  |  | 5,251 |
Total |  | $ | 129,346 |  |  | $ | 126,829 |
Current lease liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Buildings and improvements |  | $ | 23,561 |  |  | $ | 23,647 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 4,199 |  |  |  | 2,838 |
Total |  | $ | 27,760 |  |  | $ | 26,485 |
Long-term lease liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Buildings and improvements |  | $ | 99,028 |  |  | $ | 100,489 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 4,566 |  |  |  | 2,341 |
Total |  | $ | 103,594 |  |  | $ | 102,830 |
Total lease liabilities |  | $ | 131,354 |  |  | $ | 129,315 |

Lease expense is classified in the statements of operations based on asset use. Total lease cost recognized on the consolidated condensed statements of operations is as follows:

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023 |
Lease expense |  |  |  |
Operating lease expense |  | $ | 7,293 |  |  | $ | 6,881 |
Short-term lease expense |  |  | 256 |  |  |  | 256 |
Variable lease expense |  |  | 214 |  |  |  | 152 |
Total lease expense |  | $ | 7,763 |  |  | $ | 7,289 |

The Company paid $7,540 and $7,199 for its operating leases in the three fiscal months ended March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023, respectively, which are included in operating cash flows on the consolidated condensed statements of cash flows. The weighted-average remaining lease term for the Company's operating leases is 9.0 years and the weighted-average discount rate is 6.4% as of March 30, 2024.
The undiscounted future lease payments for the Company's operating lease liabilities are as follows:

|  | March 30, 2024 |
2024 (excluding the three fiscal months ended March 30, 2024) |  | $ | 21,801 |
2025 |  |  | 26,426 |
2026 |  |  | 22,372 |
2027 |  |  | 18,373 |
2028 |  |  | 15,685 |
Thereafter |  |  | 70,159 |

The undiscounted future lease payments presented in the table above include payments through the term of the lease, which may include periods beyond the noncancellable term. The difference between the total payments above and the lease liability balance is due to the discount rate used to calculate lease liabilities.
12

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 4 – Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes consists of provisions for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. The effective tax rates for the periods ended March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023 reflect the Company’s expected tax rate on reported income before income tax and tax adjustments. The Company operates in a global environment with significant operations in various jurisdictions outside the United States. Accordingly, the consolidated income tax rate is a composite rate reflecting the Company’s earnings and the applicable tax rates in the various jurisdictions where the Company operates.
In December 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) issued model rules for a new global minimum tax (“Pillar Two”). Various jurisdictions around the world have passed, or are in the process of passing, legislation to enact Pillar Two and certain Pillar Two rules take effect in 2024 and 2025 in those jurisdictions. The United States has not adopted Pillar Two. The Company is continuing to monitor the impacts of Pillar Two on its operations and does not anticipate a material increase in income tax expense associated with jurisdictions that have implemented an income inclusion rule. The Company is continuing to monitor and assess the impacts of Pillar Two rules set to take effect in 2025, such as the under-taxed profits rule.
During the three fiscal months ended March 30, 2024, the liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits did not materially change.
Note 5 – Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following:

|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Credit facility |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Convertible senior notes, due 2025 |  |  | 95,102 |  |  |  | 95,102 |
Convertible senior notes, due 2030 |  |  | 750,000 |  |  |  | 750,000 |
Deferred financing costs |  |  | (25,695 | ) |  |  | (26,914 | )
|  |  | 819,407 |  |  |  | 818,188 |
Less current portion |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 819,407 |  |  | $ | 818,188 |

The following table summarizes some key facts and terms regarding the outstanding convertible senior notes as of March 30, 2024:

|  | 2025 Notes |  |  | 2030 Notes |
Issuance date |  | June 12, 2018 |  |  | September 12, 2023 |
Maturity date |  | June 15, 2025 |  |  | September 15, 2030 |
Principal amount as of March 30, 2024 |  | $ | 95,102 |  |  | $ | 750,000 |
Cash coupon rate (per annum) |  |  | 2.25 | % |  |  | 2.25 | %
Conversion rate (per $1 principal amount) |  |  | 32.1476 |  |  |  | 33.1609 |
Effective conversion price (per share) |  | $ | 31.11 |  |  | $ | 30.16 |
130% of the current effective conversion price (per share) |  | $ | 40.44 |  |  | $ | 39.21 |

Deferred financing costs are recognized as non-cash interest expense. Non-cash interest expense was $1,213 and $818 for the fiscal quarters ended March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023, respectively.
13

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 6 – Stockholders' Equity
In 2022, the Company's Board of Directors adopted a Stockholder Return Policy that will remain in effect until such time as the Board votes to amend or rescind the policy. The Stockholder Return Policy calls for the Company to return a prescribed amount of cash flows on an annual basis. The Company intends to return such amounts directly, in the form of dividends, or indirectly, in the form of stock repurchases.
The following table summarizes activity pursuant to this policy:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Dividends paid to stockholders |  | $ | 13,752 |  | $ | 14,020 |
Stock repurchases |  |  | 12,538 |  |  | 20,173 |
Total |  | $ | 26,290 |  | $ | 34,193 |

The repurchased shares are being held as treasury stock. The number of shares of common stock being held as treasury stock was 8,101,301 and 7,535,881 as of March 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Note 7 – Revenue Recognition
Sales returns and allowances accrual activity is shown below:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 47,760 |  |  | $ | 46,979 |
Sales allowances |  |  | 25,276 |  |  |  | 25,837 |
Credits issued |  |  | (24,084 | ) |  |  | (33,275 | )
Foreign currency |  |  | (204 | ) |  |  | (1,261 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 48,748 |  |  | $ | 38,280 |

See disaggregated revenue information in Note 11.
Note 8 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The cumulative balance of each component of other comprehensive income (loss) and the income tax effects allocated to each component are as follows:

|  | Pension and other post- retirement actuarial items |  |  | Currency translation adjustment |  |  | Total |
Balance at January 1, 2024 |  | $ | (14,599 | ) |  | $ | 24,936 |  |  | $ | 10,337 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | (2,574 | ) |  |  | (17,826 | ) |  | $ | (20,400 | )
Tax effect |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications, net of tax |  |  | (2,574 | ) |  |  | (17,826 | ) |  | $ | (20,400 | )
Amounts reclassified out of AOCI |  |  | 488 |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | 488 |
Tax effect |  |  | (110 | ) |  |  | - |  |  | $ | (110 | )
Amounts reclassified out of AOCI, net of tax |  |  | 378 |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | 378 |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | (2,196 | ) |  | $ | (17,826 | ) |  | $ | (20,022 | )
Balance at March 30, 2024 |  | $ | (16,795 | ) |  | $ | 7,110 |  |  | $ | (9,685 | )

Reclassifications of pension and other post-retirement actuarial items out of AOCI are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. See Note 9 for further information.
14

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 9 – Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits
The Company maintains various retirement benefit plans. The service cost component of net periodic pension cost is classified in costs of products sold or selling, general, and administrative expenses on the consolidated condensed statements of operations based on the respective employee's function. The other components of net periodic pension cost are classified as other expense on the consolidated condensed statements of operations.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
The following table shows the components of the net periodic pension cost for the first fiscal quarters of 2024 and 2023 for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans:

|  | Fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 |  |  | Fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023 |
|  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |  |  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
Net service cost |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 790 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 724 |
Interest cost |  |  | 381 |  |  |  | 1,686 |  |  |  | 499 |  |  |  | 1,695 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | - |  |  |  | (596 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (570 | )
Amortization of prior service cost |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 55 |
Amortization of losses (gains) |  |  | (108 | ) |  |  | 457 |  |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  | 86 |
Curtailment and settlement losses |  |  | - |  |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 107 |
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | 289 |  |  | $ | 2,499 |  |  | $ | 505 |  |  | $ | 2,097 |

Other Postretirement Benefits
The following table shows the components of the net periodic benefit cost for the first fiscal quarters of 2024 and 2023 for the Company’s other postretirement benefit plans:

| Fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 |  | Fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023 |
| U.S. Plans |  | Non-U.S. Plans |  | U.S. Plans |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
Service cost |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 34 |
Interest cost |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 31 |
Amortization of losses (gains) |  |  | (60 | ) |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | (80) |  |  |  | 3 |
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | (19) |  |  | $ | 68 |

15

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 10 – Stock-Based Compensation
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense recognized:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Restricted stock units ("RSUs") |  | $ | 5,226 |  |  | $ | 2,858 |
Phantom stock units |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 107 |
Total |  | $ | 5,344 |  |  | $ | 2,965 |

The following table summarizes unrecognized compensation cost and the weighted average remaining amortization periods at March 30, 2024 (amortization periods in years):

|  | Unrecognized Compensation Cost |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Periods |
Restricted stock units |  | $ | 19,166 |  |  |  | 1.9 |
Phantom stock units |  |  | - |  |  |  | n/a |
Total |  | $ | 19,166 |  |  |  |  |

16

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Restricted Stock Units
RSU activity as of March 30, 2024 and changes during the three fiscal months then ended are presented below (number of RSUs in thousands):

|  | Number of RSUs |  |  | Weighted Average Grant-date Fair Value per Unit |
Outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |
January 1, 2024 |  |  | 1,717 |  |  | $ | 23.03 |
Granted |  |  | 544 |  |  |  | 18.09 |
Vested* |  |  | (559 | ) |  |  | 23.07 |
Cancelled or forfeited |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | 23.96 |
Outstanding at March 30, 2024 |  |  | 1,676 |  |  | $ | 21.40 |
Expected to vest at March 30, 2024 |  |  | 1,415 |  |  |  |  |

* The number of RSUs vested includes shares that the Company withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy the statutory tax withholding requirements.
The number of performance-based RSUs that are scheduled to vest increases ratably based on the achievement of defined performance and market criteria between the established target and maximum levels. RSUs with performance-based and market-based vesting criteria are expected to vest as follows (number of RSUs in thousands):

Vesting Date |  | Expected to Vest |  |  | Not Expected to Vest |  |  | Total |
January 1, 2025 |  |  | 168 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 168 |
January 1, 2026 |  |  | - |  |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | 167 |
January 1, 2027 |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | 234 |

Phantom Stock Units
The following table summarizes the Company's phantom stock units activity (number of phantom stock units in thousands):

|  | Number of units |  | Grant-date Fair Value per Unit |
Outstanding: |  |  |  |  |
January 1, 2024 |  |  | 120 |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 5 |  |  | $ | 23.51 |
Dividend equivalents issued |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at March 30, 2024 |  |  | 126 |  |  |  |  |

17

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 11 – Segment Information
The following tables set forth business segment information:

|  | MOSFETs |  |  | Diodes |  |  | Optoelectronic Components |  |  | Resistors |  |  | Inductors |  |  | Capacitors |  |  | Total |
Fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 153,173 |  |  | $ | 149,130 |  |  | $ | 49,199 |  |  | $ | 188,196 |  |  | $ | 88,651 |  |  | $ | 117,930 |  |  | $ | 746,279 |
Segment operating income |  | $ | 8,047 |  |  | $ | 26,011 |  |  | $ | 1,493 |  |  | $ | 38,173 |  |  | $ | 23,181 |  |  | $ | 26,529 |  |  | $ | 123,434 |
Fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 198,181 |  |  | $ | 175,693 |  |  | $ | 60,403 |  |  | $ | 223,140 |  |  | $ | 80,338 |  |  | $ | 133,291 |  |  | $ | 871,046 |
Segment operating income |  | $ | 58,017 |  |  | $ | 42,686 |  |  | $ | 17,300 |  |  | $ | 66,699 |  |  | $ | 20,979 |  |  | $ | 32,996 |  |  | $ | 238,677 |

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Reconciliation: |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Operating Income |  | $ | 123,434 |  |  | $ | 238,677 |
Unallocated Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses |  |  | (80,763 | ) |  |  | (80,109 | )
Consolidated Operating Income |  | $ | 42,671 |  |  | $ | 158,568 |
Unallocated Other Income (Expense) |  |  | 1,591 |  |  |  | (1,791 | )
Consolidated Income Before Taxes |  | $ | 44,262 |  |  | $ | 156,777 |

18

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
The Company has a broad line of products that it sells to OEMs, EMS companies, and independent distributors. The distribution of sales by customer type is shown below:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Distributors |  | $ | 382,480 |  |  | $ | 470,788 |
OEMs |  |  | 313,827 |  |  |  | 340,428 |
EMS companies |  |  | 49,972 |  |  |  | 59,830 |
Total Revenue |  | $ | 746,279 |  |  | $ | 871,046 |

Net revenues were attributable to customers in the following regions:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Asia |  | $ | 284,007 |  |  | $ | 310,429 |
Europe |  |  | 271,734 |  |  |  | 326,561 |
Americas |  |  | 190,538 |  |  |  | 234,056 |
Total Revenue |  | $ | 746,279 |  |  | $ | 871,046 |

The Company generates substantially all of its revenue from product sales to end customers in the industrial, automotive, computing, military and aerospace, consumer products, power supplies, medical, and telecommunications end markets. Sales by end market are presented below:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Industrial |  | $ | 248,128 |  |  | $ | 325,960 |
Automotive |  |  | 287,302 |  |  |  | 284,499 |
Military and Aerospace |  |  | 83,356 |  |  |  | 62,125 |
Medical |  |  | 34,389 |  |  |  | 42,103 |
Other* |  |  | 93,104 |  |  |  | 156,359 |
Total Revenue |  | $ | 746,279 |  |  | $ | 871,046 |

*Power supplies, telecommunications, consumer products, and computing.
19

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 12 – Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders (shares in thousands):

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 30,924 |  |  | $ | 111,781 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares |  |  | 137,601 |  |  |  | 140,496 |
Outstanding phantom stock units |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | 140 |
Adjusted weighted average shares - basic |  |  | 137,726 |  |  |  | 140,636 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock units |  |  | 750 |  |  |  | 615 |
Dilutive potential common shares |  |  | 750 |  |  |  | 615 |
Denominator for diluted earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted weighted average shares - diluted |  |  | 138,476 |  |  |  | 141,251 |
Basic earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |

Diluted earnings per share for the periods presented do not reflect the following weighted average potential common shares that would have an antidilutive effect or have unsatisfied performance conditions (in thousands):

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Restricted stock units |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | - |

If the average market price of Vishay common stock is less than the effective conversion prices of the convertible senior notes due 2025 and due 2030, respectively, no shares are included in the diluted earnings per share computation for the convertible senior notes due 2025 and due 2030. Upon Vishay exercising its existing right to legally amend the indenture governing the convertible senior notes due 2025, Vishay will satisfy its conversion obligations by paying $1 cash per $1 principal amount of converted notes and settle any additional amounts due in common stock. Pursuant to the indenture governing the convertible senior notes due 2030, Vishay will satisfy its conversion obligations by paying $1 cash per $1 principal amount of converted notes and settle any additional amounts due in cash and/or common stock. Accordingly, the convertible senior notes due 2025 and due 2030 are not anti-dilutive when the average market price of Vishay common stock is less than the respective effective conversion prices of the convertible senior notes due 2025 and due 2030.
In connection with the issuance of the convertible senior notes due 2030, the Company entered into capped call transactions, which were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. The capped calls are intended to reduce the potential dilution to the Company's common stock in the event that at the time of conversion of the convertible senior notes due 2030 the Company's common stock price exceeds the conversion price of the convertible senior notes due 2030.
20

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements
The following table provides the financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis:

|  | Total Fair Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
March 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets held in rabbi trusts |  | $ | 51,061 |  |  | $ | 23,448 |  |  | $ | 27,613 |  |  | $ | - |
Available for sale securities |  | $ | 4,023 |  |  |  | 4,023 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 55,084 |  |  | $ | 27,471 |  |  | $ | 27,613 |  |  | $ | - |
Liability: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisitions contingent consideration |  | $ | 15,938 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 15,938 |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets held in rabbi trusts |  | $ | 50,378 |  |  | $ | 24,343 |  |  | $ | 26,035 |  |  | $ | - |
Available for sale securities |  | $ | 4,115 |  |  |  | 4,115 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 54,493 |  |  | $ | 28,458 |  |  | $ | 26,035 |  |  | $ | - |
Liability: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisitions contingent consideration |  | $ | 938 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 938 |

There have been no changes in the classification of any financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy in the periods presented.
The Company maintains non-qualified trusts, referred to as “rabbi” trusts, to fund payments under deferred compensation and non-qualified pension plans. Rabbi trust assets consist primarily of marketable securities, classified as available-for-sale and company-owned life insurance assets. The marketable securities held in the rabbi trusts are valued using quoted market prices on the last business day of the period. The company-owned life insurance assets are valued in consultation with the Company’s insurance brokers using the value of underlying assets of the insurance contracts. The fair value measurement of the marketable securities held in the rabbi trust is considered a Level 1 measurement and the measurement of the company-owned life insurance assets is considered a Level 2 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.
The Company holds investments in debt securities that are intended to fund a portion of its pension and other postretirement benefit obligations outside of the United States. The investments are valued based on quoted market prices on the last business day of the period. The fair value measurement of the investments is considered a Level 1 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.
The Company may be required to make certain contingent payments to non-employee equity holders of MaxPower pursuant to the acquisition agreement, which will be payable upon the achievement of certain technology milestones. The Company may be required to make certain contingent payments upon the receipt of an export license pursuant to the Newport wafer fab acquisition agreement. The fair value of these contingent consideration payments is determined by estimating the net present value of the expected cash flows based on the probability of expected payments. The fair value measurement of the contingent consideration is considered a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.
The fair value of the long-term debt, excluding the derivative liabilities and deferred financing costs, at March 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is approximately $816,900 and $836,200, respectively, compared to its carrying value, excluding the deferred financing costs, of $845,102 and $845,102, respectively. The Company estimates the fair value of its long-term debt using a combination of quoted market prices for similar financing arrangements and expected future payments discounted at risk-adjusted rates, which are considered Level 2 inputs.
At March 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s short-term investments were comprised of time deposits with financial institutions that have maturities that exceed 90 days from the date of acquisition; however they all mature within one year from the respective balance sheet dates. The Company's short-term investments are accounted for as held-to-maturity debt instruments, at amortized cost, which approximates their fair value. The investments are funded with excess cash not expected to be needed for operations prior to maturity; therefore, the Company believes it has the intent and ability to hold the short-term investments until maturity. At each reporting date, the Company performs an evaluation to determine if any unrealized losses are other-than-temporary. No other-than-temporary impairments have been recognized on these securities, and there are no unrecognized holding gains or losses for these securities during the periods presented. There have been no transfers to or from the held-to-maturity classification. All decreases in the account balance are due to returns of principal at the securities’ maturity dates. Interest on the securities is recognized as interest income when earned.
At March 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were comprised of demand deposits, time deposits with maturities of three months or less when purchased, and money market funds. The Company estimates the fair value of its cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments using Level 2 inputs. Based on the current interest rates for similar investments with comparable credit risk and time to maturity, the fair value of the Company's cash, cash equivalents, and held-to-maturity short-term investments approximate the carrying amounts reported in the consolidated condensed balance sheets.
The Company’s financial instruments also include accounts receivable and accounts payable. The carrying amounts for these financial instruments reported in the consolidated condensed balance sheets approximate their fair values.
21

Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") is intended to provide an understanding of Vishay's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows by focusing on changes in certain key measures from period to period. The MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements and accompanying Notes included in Item 1. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in Item 1A. "Risk Factors," filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 16, 2024.
Overview
Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. ("Vishay," "we," "us," or "our") manufactures one of the world’s largest portfolios of discrete semiconductors and passive electronic components that are essential to innovative designs in the automotive, industrial, computing, consumer, telecommunications, military, aerospace, and medical markets.
We operate in six segments based on product functionality: MOSFETs, Diodes, Optoelectronic Components, Resistors, Inductors, and Capacitors.
We are focused on enhancing stockholder value by growing our business and improving earnings per share. Since 1985, we have pursued a business strategy of growth through focused research and development and acquisitions. We plan to continue to grow our business through intensified internal growth supplemented by opportunistic acquisitions, while maintaining a prudent capital structure. To drive growth and optimize stockholder value, we plan to capitalize on the mega trends of e-mobility, sustainability, and connectivity through initiatives. We are developing go-to-market strategies and investing in and expanding the key product lines for growth that we have identified. To increase our internal capacity, we plan to invest approximately $435 million in 2024, as part of our plan to invest approximately $1.4 billion in total capital expenditures for the period 2023 - 2025 and $2.6 billion in total capital expenditures for the period 2023 - 2028. In addition, we are strategically expanding our outsourced production of commodity products to subcontractors. At the same time, we are enhancing our channel management while investing in internal resources by adding customer-facing engineers and filling gaps in technology and market coverage. Taken together, each of these initiatives supports our Think Customer First organizational culture.
On March 5, 2024, we completed the acquisition of Nexperia’s wafer fabrication facility and operations located in Newport, South Wales, U.K. for approximately $177.4 million in cash, net of cash acquired and subject to customary post-closing adjustments. The wafer fabrication facility is located on 28 acres and is an automotive-certified, 200mm semiconductor wafer fab with capacity to produce more than 30,000 wafers per month. We plan to position the facility as a manufacturing excellence center and use it as the home for MaxPower to further develop and scale our SiC MOSFETs and diodes capabilities. We expect the facility to initially generate a net loss while we invest in new equipment and qualify new products.
In addition to enhancing stockholder value through growing our business, in 2022, our Board of Directors adopted a Stockholder Return Policy, which calls for us to return at least 70% of free cash flow, net of scheduled principal payments of long-term debt, on an annual basis. See further discussion in “Stockholder Return Policy” below.
Our business and operating results have been and will continue to be impacted by worldwide economic conditions. Our revenues are dependent on end markets that are impacted by consumer and industrial demand, and our operating results can be adversely affected by reduced demand in those global markets. In this volatile economic environment, we continue to closely monitor our fixed costs, capital expenditure plans, inventory, and capital resources to respond to changing conditions and to ensure we have the management, business processes, and resources to meet our future needs. We believe we can react quickly and professionally to changes in demand to minimize manufacturing inefficiencies and excess inventory build in periods of decline and maximize opportunities in periods of growth. We believe we have significant liquidity to withstand temporary disruptions in the economic environment.
We utilize several financial metrics, including net revenues, gross profit margin, operating margin, segment operating margin, end-of-period backlog, book-to-bill ratio, inventory turnover, change in average selling prices, net cash and short-term investments (debt), and free cash generation to evaluate the performance and assess the future direction of our business. See further discussion in “Financial Metrics” and “Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources” below. The key financial metrics decreased in the first fiscal quarter of 2024 primarily due to the negative impacts of an on-going distributor inventory correction that resulted in lower orders. Net revenues and margins decreased versus the prior periods primarily due to lower sales volume.
22

Net revenues for the fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 were $746.3 million, compared to $785.2 million and $871.0 million for the fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2023 and April 1, 2023, respectively. The net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders for the fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 were $30.9 million, or $0.22 per diluted share, compared to $51.5 million, or $0.37 per diluted share for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023, and $111.8 million, or $0.79 per diluted share for the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023.
We define adjusted net earnings as net earnings determined in accordance with GAAP adjusted for various items that management believes are not indicative of the intrinsic operating performance of our business. We define free cash as the cash flows generated from continuing operations less capital expenditures plus net proceeds from the sale of property and equipment. The reconciliations below include certain financial measures which are not recognized in accordance with GAAP, including adjusted net earnings, adjusted earnings per share, and free cash. These non-GAAP measures should not be viewed as alternatives to GAAP measures of performance or liquidity. Non-GAAP measures such as adjusted net earnings, adjusted earnings per share, and free cash do not have uniform definitions. These measures, as calculated by Vishay, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Management believes that adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per share are meaningful because they provide insight with respect to our intrinsic operating results. Management believes that free cash is a meaningful measure of our ability to fund acquisitions, repay debt, and otherwise enhance stockholder value through stock repurchases or dividends. We utilize the free cash metric in defining our Stockholder Return Policy.
Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders for the fiscal quarters ended March 30, 2024, December 31, 2023, and April 1, 2023 include no items affecting comparability.
The following table reconciles gross profit by segment to consolidated gross profit (in thousands):

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
MOSFETs |  | $ | 25,473 |  |  | $ | 45,909 |  |  | $ | 72,858 |
Diodes |  |  | 32,370 |  |  |  | 39,421 |  |  |  | 48,129 |
Optoelectronic Components |  |  | 7,001 |  |  |  | 6,537 |  |  |  | 21,940 |
Resistors |  |  | 46,471 |  |  |  | 50,602 |  |  |  | 74,036 |
Inductors |  |  | 26,787 |  |  |  | 29,390 |  |  |  | 23,723 |
Capacitors |  |  | 32,305 |  |  |  | 28,805 |  |  |  | 38,027 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 170,407 |  |  | $ | 200,664 |  |  | $ | 278,713 |

Although the term "free cash" is not defined in GAAP, each of the elements used to calculate free cash for the year-to-date period is presented as a line item on the face of our consolidated condensed statement of cash flows prepared in accordance with GAAP and the quarterly amounts are derived from the year-to-date GAAP statements as of the beginning and end of the respective quarter. Free cash results are as follows (in thousands):

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Net cash provided by continuing operating activities |  | $ | 80,211 |  |  | $ | 6,268 |  |  | $ | 129,893 |
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |  |  | 751 |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | 326 |
Less: Capital expenditures |  |  | (53,084 | ) |  |  | (145,331 | ) |  |  | (45,574 | )
Free cash |  | $ | 27,878 |  |  | $ | (138,941 | ) |  | $ | 84,645 |

Our results have been negatively impacted by the distributor inventory correction that began in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2022 and continued through the first fiscal quarter of 2024. Our results for the first fiscal quarter of 2024 remain strong, although weaker than our prior fiscal quarter and prior year quarter results.
23

Stockholder Return Policy
In 2022, our Board of Directors adopted a Stockholder Return Policy, which calls for us to return at least 70% of free cash flow, net of scheduled principal payments of long-term debt, on an annual basis. We intend to return such amounts to stockholders directly, in the form of dividends, or indirectly, in the form of stock repurchases.
The following table summarizes activity pursuant to this policy (in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023 |
Dividends paid to stockholders |  | $ | 13,752 |  |  | $ | 14,020 |
Stock repurchases |  |  | 12,538 |  |  |  | 20,173 |
Total |  | $ | 26,290 |  |  | $ | 34,193 |

We have determined that substantially all unremitted foreign earnings in Germany and Israel are no longer indefinitely reinvested. These indefinite reinvestment assertions provide greater access to our worldwide cash balances to fund our growth plan and our Stockholder Return Policy, but also negatively impact our effective tax rate.
The structure of our Stockholder Return Policy enables us to allocate capital responsibly among our business, our lenders, and our stockholders. We will continue to invest in growth initiatives including key product line expansions, targeted R&D, and synergistic acquisitions.
We have paid dividends each quarter since the first quarter of 2014, and the Stockholder Return Policy will remain in effect until such time as the Board votes to amend or rescind the policy. Implementation of the Stockholder Return Policy is subject to future declarations of dividends by the Board of Directors, market and business conditions, legal requirements, and other factors. The policy sets forth our intention, but does not obligate us to acquire any shares of common stock or declare any dividends, and the policy may be terminated or suspended at any time at our discretion, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
24

Financial Metrics
We utilize several financial metrics to evaluate the performance and assess the future direction of our business. These key financial measures and metrics include net revenues, gross profit margin, operating margin, segment operating income, segment operating margin, end-of-period backlog, and the book-to-bill ratio. We also monitor changes in inventory turnover and our or publicly available average selling prices (“ASP”).
Gross profit margin is computed as gross profit as a percentage of net revenues. Gross profit is generally net revenues less costs of products sold, but also deducts certain other period costs, particularly losses on purchase commitments and inventory write-downs. Losses on purchase commitments and inventory write-downs have the impact of reducing gross profit margin in the period of the charge, but result in improved gross profit margins in subsequent periods by reducing costs of products sold as inventory is used. We also regularly evaluate gross profit by segment to assist in the analysis of consolidated gross profit. Gross profit margin and gross profit margin by segment are clearly a function of net revenues, but also reflect our cost management programs and our ability to contain fixed costs.
Operating margin is computed as gross profit less operating expenses, expressed as a percentage of net revenues. Operating margin is clearly a function of net revenues, but also reflects our cost management programs and our ability to contain fixed costs.
Our chief operating decision maker makes decisions, allocates resources, and evaluates business segment performance based on segment operating income. Only dedicated, direct selling, general, and administrative ("SG&A") expenses of the segments are included in the calculation of segment operating income. We do not allocate certain SG&A expenses that are managed at the regional or corporate global level to our segments. Accordingly, segment operating income excludes these SG&A expenses that are not directly traceable to the segments. Segment operating income would also exclude costs not routinely used in the management of the segments in periods when those items are present, such as restructuring and severance costs, and other items affecting comparability. Segment operating income is clearly a function of net revenues, but also reflects our cost management programs and our ability to contain fixed costs. Segment operating margin is segment operating income expressed as a percentage of net revenues.
End-of-period backlog is one indicator of future revenues. We include in our backlog only open orders that we expect to ship in the next twelve months. If demand falls below customers’ forecasts, or if customers do not control their inventory effectively, they may cancel or reschedule the shipments that are included in our backlog, in many instances without the payment of any penalty. Therefore, the backlog is not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for future periods.
An important indicator of demand in our industry is the book-to-bill ratio, which is the ratio of the amount of product ordered during a period as compared with the product that we ship during that period. A book-to-bill ratio that is greater than one indicates that our backlog is building and that we are likely to see increasing revenues in future periods. Conversely, a book-to-bill ratio that is less than one is an indicator of declining demand and may foretell declining revenues.
We focus on our inventory turnover as a measure of how well we are managing our inventory. We define inventory turnover for a financial reporting period as our costs of products sold for the four fiscal quarters ending on the last day of the reporting period divided by our average inventory (computed using each fiscal quarter-end balance) for this same period. A higher level of inventory turnover reflects more efficient use of our capital.
Pricing in our industry can be volatile. Using our and publicly available data, we analyze trends and changes in average selling prices to evaluate likely future pricing. The erosion of average selling prices of established products is typical for semiconductor products. We attempt to offset this deterioration with ongoing cost reduction activities and new product introductions. Our specialty passive components are more resistant to average selling price erosion. All pricing is subject to governing market conditions and is independently set by us.
25

The quarter-to-quarter trends in these financial metrics can also be an important indicator of the likely direction of our business. The following table shows net revenues, gross profit margin, operating margin, end-of-period backlog, book-to-bill ratio, inventory turnover, and changes in ASP for our business as a whole during the five fiscal quarters beginning with the first fiscal quarter of 2023 through the first fiscal quarter of 2024 (dollars in thousands):

|  | 1st Quarter 2023 |  |  | 2nd Quarter 2023 |  |  | 3rd Quarter 2023 |  |  | 4th Quarter 2023 |  |  | 1st Quarter 2024 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 871,046 |  |  | $ | 892,110 |  |  | $ | 853,653 |  |  | $ | 785,236 |  |  | $ | 746,279 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 32.0 | % |  |  | 28.9 | % |  |  | 27.8 | % |  |  | 25.6 | % |  |  | 22.8 | %
Operating margin |  |  | 18.2 | % |  |  | 15.1 | % |  |  | 13.5 | % |  |  | 9.9 | % |  |  | 5.7 | %
End-of-period backlog |  | $ | 2,169,400 |  |  | $ | 1,895,100 |  |  | $ | 1,552,400 |  |  | $ | 1,381,800 |  |  | $ | 1,253,400 |
Book-to-bill ratio |  |  | 0.84 |  |  |  | 0.69 |  |  |  | 0.63 |  |  |  | 0.75 |  |  |  | 0.82 |
Inventory turnover |  |  | 3.7 |  |  |  | 3.9 |  |  |  | 3.7 |  |  |  | 3.6 |  |  |  | 3.5 |
Change in ASP vs. prior quarter |  |  | 1.2 | % |  |  | (0.7 | )% |  |  | (0.8 | )% |  |  | (0.7 | )% |  |  | (2.5 | )%

_________________________________________
See “Financial Metrics by Segment” below for net revenues, book-to-bill ratio, and gross profit margin broken out by segment.
Revenues decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the first fiscal quarter of 2023 primarily due to lower sales volume and lower average selling prices. The book-to-bill ratio increased slightly versus the prior fiscal quarter, but orders and backlog continued to be negatively impacted by the distributor inventory correction that continued in the first fiscal quarter of 2024. We continue to increase manufacturing capacity for critical product lines. Average selling prices decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year quarter.
Gross profit margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year quarter primarily due to lower sales volume, decreased average selling prices, and the impact of the Newport acquisition. Cost inflation also contributed to the decrease versus the prior year quarter.
The book-to-bill ratio in the first fiscal quarter of 2024 increased to 0.82 versus 0.75 in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2023.
26

Financial Metrics by Segment
The following table shows net revenues, book-to-bill ratio, gross profit margin, and segment operating margin broken out by segment for the five fiscal quarters beginning with the first fiscal quarter of 2023 through the first fiscal quarter of 2024 (dollars in thousands):

|  | 1st Quarter 2023 |  |  | 2nd Quarter 2023 |  |  | 3rd Quarter 2023 |  |  | 4th Quarter 2023 |  |  | 1st Quarter 2024 |
MOSFETs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 198,181 |  |  | $ | 207,388 |  |  | $ | 205,027 |  |  | $ | 168,158 |  |  | $ | 153,173 |
Book-to-bill ratio |  |  | 0.95 |  |  |  | 0.68 |  |  |  | 0.50 |  |  |  | 0.62 |  |  |  | 0.68 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 36.8 | % |  |  | 34.7 | % |  |  | 33.5 | % |  |  | 27.3 | % |  |  | 16.6 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 29.3 | % |  |  | 27.4 | % |  |  | 25.7 | % |  |  | 16.8 | % |  |  | 5.3 | %
Diodes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 175,693 |  |  | $ | 174,735 |  |  | $ | 176,788 |  |  | $ | 163,324 |  |  | $ | 149,130 |
Book-to-bill ratio |  |  | 0.71 |  |  |  | 0.54 |  |  |  | 0.58 |  |  |  | 0.61 |  |  |  | 0.72 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 27.4 | % |  |  | 23.4 | % |  |  | 26.7 | % |  |  | 24.1 | % |  |  | 21.7 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 24.3 | % |  |  | 20.1 | % |  |  | 23.5 | % |  |  | 20.9 | % |  |  | 17.4 | %
Optoelectronic Components |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 60,403 |  |  | $ | 64,449 |  |  | $ | 64,441 |  |  | $ | 53,853 |  |  | $ | 49,199 |
Book-to-bill ratio |  |  | 0.72 |  |  |  | 0.70 |  |  |  | 0.57 |  |  |  | 0.59 |  |  |  | 0.89 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 36.3 | % |  |  | 24.2 | % |  |  | 28.1 | % |  |  | 12.1 | % |  |  | 14.2 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 28.6 | % |  |  | 16.7 | % |  |  | 20.3 | % |  |  | 3.4 | % |  |  | 3.0 | %
Resistors |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 223,140 |  |  | $ | 222,433 |  |  | $ | 199,877 |  |  | $ | 198,022 |  |  | $ | 188,196 |
Book-to-bill ratio |  |  | 0.88 |  |  |  | 0.74 |  |  |  | 0.65 |  |  |  | 0.82 |  |  |  | 0.79 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 33.2 | % |  |  | 29.1 | % |  |  | 24.6 | % |  |  | 25.6 | % |  |  | 24.7 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 29.9 | % |  |  | 25.8 | % |  |  | 20.9 | % |  |  | 22.0 | % |  |  | 20.3 | %
Inductors |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 80,338 |  |  | $ | 89,239 |  |  | $ | 89,947 |  |  | $ | 87,868 |  |  | $ | 88,651 |
Book-to-bill ratio |  |  | 1.04 |  |  |  | 0.84 |  |  |  | 0.85 |  |  |  | 0.91 |  |  |  | 0.96 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 29.5 | % |  |  | 34.5 | % |  |  | 31.7 | % |  |  | 33.4 | % |  |  | 30.2 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 26.1 | % |  |  | 30.9 | % |  |  | 27.9 | % |  |  | 29.6 | % |  |  | 26.1 | %
Capacitors |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 133,291 |  |  | $ | 133,866 |  |  | $ | 117,573 |  |  | $ | 114,011 |  |  | $ | 117,930 |
Book-to-bill ratio |  |  | 0.70 |  |  |  | 0.70 |  |  |  | 0.75 |  |  |  | 0.95 |  |  |  | 1.03 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 28.5 | % |  |  | 25.1 | % |  |  | 22.1 | % |  |  | 25.3 | % |  |  | 27.4 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 24.8 | % |  |  | 21.0 | % |  |  | 17.5 | % |  |  | 20.4 | % |  |  | 22.5 | %

27

Results of Operations
Statements of operations’ captions as a percentage of net revenues and the effective tax rates were as follows:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |
Cost of products sold |  |  | 77.2 | % |  |  | 74.4 | % |  |  | 68.0 | %
Gross profit |  |  | 22.8 | % |  |  | 25.6 | % |  |  | 32.0 | %
Selling, general & administrative expenses |  |  | 17.1 | % |  |  | 15.6 | % |  |  | 13.8 | %
Operating income |  |  | 5.7 | % |  |  | 9.9 | % |  |  | 18.2 | %
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interest |  |  | 5.9 | % |  |  | 10.3 | % |  |  | 18.0 | %
Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders |  |  | 4.1 | % |  |  | 6.6 | % |  |  | 12.8 | %
________ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Effective tax rate |  |  | 29.0 | % |  |  | 35.6 | % |  |  | 28.4 | %

Net Revenues
Net revenues were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| March 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | April 1, 2023 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 746,279 |  |  | $ | 785,236 |  |  | $ | 871,046 |

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 |
| Change in net revenues |  | % change |
December 31, 2023 |  |  | (38,957 | ) |  |  | (5.0 | )%
April 1, 2023 |  |  | (124,767 | ) |  |  | (14.3 | )%

Changes in net revenues were attributable to the following:

|  | vs. Prior Quarter |  |  | vs. Prior Year Quarter |
Change attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in volume |  |  | (3.4 | )% |  |  | (12.2 | )%
Decrease in average selling prices |  |  | (2.5 | )% |  |  | (3.6 | )%
Foreign currency effects |  |  | 0.3 | % |  |  | 0.3 | %
Acquisition |  |  | 0.4 | % |  |  | 0.4 | %
Other |  |  | 0.2 | % |  |  | 0.8 | %
Net change |  |  | (5.0 | )% |  |  | (14.3 | )%

Despite the distributor inventory correction that we continue to experience, the long-term prospects for our business remain favorable, and we continue to increase manufacturing capacities for critical product lines. The decrease in net revenues versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year quarter are primarily due to decreased sales volume and average selling prices.
Gross Profit Margins
Gross profit margins for the fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 were 22.8%, versus 25.6% and 32.0% for the comparable prior fiscal quarter and prior year period, respectively. Gross profit margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year quarter primarily due to lower sales volume, decreased average selling prices, and the impact of the Newport acquisition. Cost inflation also contributed to the decrease versus the prior year quarter.
28

Segments
Analysis of revenues and margins for our segments is provided below.
MOSFETs
Net revenues, gross profit margins, and segment operating margins of the MOSFETs segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| March 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | April 1, 2023 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 153,173 |  |  | $ | 168,158 |  |  | $ | 198,181 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 16.6 | % |  |  | 27.3 | % |  |  | 36.8 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 5.3 | % |  |  | 16.8 | % |  |  | 29.3 | %

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 |
| Change in net revenues |  | % change |
December 31, 2023 |  |  | (14,985 | ) |  |  | (8.9 | )%
April 1, 2023 |  |  | (45,008 | ) |  |  | (22.7 | )%

Changes in MOSFETs segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

|  | vs. Prior Quarter |  |  | vs. Prior Year Quarter |
Change attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in volume |  |  | (3.9 | )% |  |  | (17.2 | )%
Decrease in average selling prices |  |  | (7.5 | )% |  |  | (10.2 | )%
Foreign currency effects |  |  | 0.2 | % |  |  | 0.2 | %
Acquisition |  |  | 1.9 | % |  |  | 1.6 | %
Other |  |  | 0.4 | % |  |  | 2.9 | %
Net change |  |  | (8.9 | )% |  |  | (22.7 | )%

The MOSFET segment net revenues decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year quarter. The decreases were primarily due to decreased sales to distributor customers and customers in all regions. An increase in sales to automotive end market customers partially offset the decrease versus the prior fiscal quarter.
Gross profit margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year quarter. The decreases are primarily due to lower average selling prices, costs associated with Newport wafer fab acquired in March 2024, and lower sales volume.
The segment operating margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year quarter. The decreases are primarily due to gross profit decreases.
Average selling prices decreased significantly versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year quarter.
We continue to invest to expand mid- and long-term manufacturing capacity for strategic product lines. We have begun building a 12-inch wafer fab in Itzehoe, Germany adjacent to our existing 8-inch wafer fab, which we expect will increase our in-house wafer capacity by approximately 70% within 3-4 years and allow us to balance our in-house and foundry wafer supply.
We acquired leading edge silicon and silicon carbide MOSFETs products with our acquisition of MaxPower in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2022. We plan to use the Newport wafer fabrication facility acquired in the first fiscal quarter of 2024 as the home for MaxPower to further develop and scale our SiC MOSFETs and diodes capabilities.
29

Diodes
Net revenues, gross profit margins, and segment operating margins of the Diodes segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| March 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | April 1, 2023 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 149,130 |  |  | $ | 163,324 |  |  | $ | 175,693 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 21.7 | % |  |  | 24.1 | % |  |  | 27.4 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 17.4 | % |  |  | 20.9 | % |  |  | 24.3 | %

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 |
| Change in net revenues |  | % change |
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | (14,194 | ) |  |  | (8.7 | )%
April 1, 2023 |  | $ | (26,563 | ) |  |  | (15.1 | )%

Changes in Diodes segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

|  | vs. Prior Quarter |  |  | vs. Prior Year Quarter |
Change attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in volume |  |  | (7.9 | )% |  |  | (11.7 | )%
Decrease in average selling prices |  |  | (1.3 | )% |  |  | (4.5 | )%
Foreign currency effects |  |  | 0.2 | % |  |  | 0.1 | %
Other |  |  | 0.3 | % |  |  | 1.0 | %
Net change |  |  | (8.7 | )% |  |  | (15.1 | )%

Net revenues of the Diodes segment decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year quarter. The decreases are primarily due to decreased sales to distribution customers and industrial and automotive end market customers in all regions.
Gross profit margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year quarter. The increases are primarily due to lower sales volume and decreased average selling prices.
The segment operating margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year quarter. The decreases are primarily due to decreased gross profit.
Average selling prices decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year quarter.
We plan to use the Newport wafer fabrication facility acquired in the first fiscal quarter of 2024 as the home for MaxPower to further develop and scale our SiC MOSFETs and diodes capabilities.
30

O ptoelectronic Components
Net revenues, gross profit margins, and segment operating margins of the Optoelectronic Components segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| March 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | April 1, 2023 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 49,199 |  |  | $ | 53,853 |  |  | $ | 60,403 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 14.2 | % |  |  | 12.1 | % |  |  | 36.3 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 3.0 | % |  |  | 3.4 | % |  |  | 28.6 | %

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 |
| Change in net revenues |  | % change |
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | (4,654 | ) |  |  | (8.6 | )%
April 1, 2023 |  | $ | (11,204 | ) |  |  | (18.5 | )%

Changes in Optoelectronic Components segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

|  | vs. Prior Quarter |  |  | vs. Prior Year Quarter |
Change attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in volume |  |  | (5.7 | )% |  |  | (17.4 | )%
Decrease in average selling prices |  |  | (3.1 | )% |  |  | (2.3 | )%
Foreign currency effects |  |  | 0.4 | % |  |  | 0.5 | %
Other |  |  | (0.2 | )% |  |  | 0.7 | %
Net change |  |  | (8.6 | )% |  |  | (18.5 | )%

Net revenues of our Optoelectronic Components segment decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year quarter. The decrease versus the prior fiscal quarter is primarily due to decreased sales to distribution customers and industrial end market customers in all regions, particularly Asia, partially offset by increased sales to EMS customers and automotive and consumer product end market customers. The decrease versus the prior year quarter is due to decreased sales to all regions, distribution customers, and all end market customers.
Gross profit margin increased versus the prior fiscal quarter, but decreased versus the prior year quarter. The increase versus the prior fiscal quarter is primarily due to the positive impact of increased inventory and accelerated depreciation costs that negatively impacted the prior fiscal quarter. The decrease versus the prior year quarter is primarily due to lower sales volume, decreased average selling prices, and manufacturing inefficiencies.
The segment operating margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year quarter. The decreases are primarily due to gross profit decreases.
Average selling prices decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year quarter.
31

Resistors
Net revenues, gross profit margins, and segment operating margins of the Resistors segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| March 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | April 1, 2023 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 188,196 |  |  | $ | 198,022 |  |  | $ | 223,140 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 24.7 | % |  |  | 25.6 | % |  |  | 33.2 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 20.3 | % |  |  | 22.0 | % |  |  | 29.9 | %

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 |
| Change in net revenues |  | % change |
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | (9,826 | ) |  |  | (5.0 | )%
April 1, 2023 |  | $ | (34,944 | ) |  |  | (15.7 | )%

Changes in Resistors segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

|  | vs. Prior Quarter |  |  | vs. Prior Year Quarter |
Change attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in volume |  |  | (5.7 | )% |  |  | (15.6 | )%
Decrease in average selling prices |  |  | (0.4 | )% |  |  | (0.8 | )%
Foreign currency effects |  |  | 0.5 | % |  |  | 0.4 | %
Other |  |  | 0.6 | % |  |  | 0.3 | %
Net change |  |  | (5.0 | )% |  |  | (15.7 | )%

Net revenues of the Resistors segment decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year quarter. The decrease versus the prior fiscal quarter is primarily due to decreased sales to distribution customers, military and aerospace and industrial end market customers, and customers in the Asia region, partially offset by increased sales to EMS customers, medical end market customers, and customers in the Americas region. The decrease versus the prior year quarter is primarily due to decreased sales to distribution and EMS customers, industrial end market customers, and customers in all regions, particularly Asia.
The gross profit margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year quarter. The decrease versus the prior fiscal quarter is primarily due to decreased sales volume. The decrease versus the prior year quarter is primarily due to decreased sales volume and manufacturing inefficiencies.
The segment operating margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year quarter. The decreases are primarily due to decreased gross profit.
Average selling prices decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year quarter.
We are increasing critical manufacturing capacities for certain product lines. We continue to broaden our business with targeted acquisitions of specialty resistors businesses.
32

Inductors
Net revenues, gross profit margins, and segment operating margins of the Inductors segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| March 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | April 1, 2023 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 88,651 |  |  | $ | 87,868 |  |  | $ | 80,338 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 30.2 | % |  |  | 33.4 | % |  |  | 29.5 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 26.1 | % |  |  | 29.6 | % |  |  | 26.1 | %

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 |
| Change in net revenues |  | % change |
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 783 |  |  |  | 0.9 | %
April 1, 2023 |  | $ | 8,313 |  |  |  | 10.3 | %

Changes in Inductors segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

|  | vs. Prior Quarter |  |  | vs. Prior Year Quarter |
Change attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase in volume |  |  | 2.7 | % |  |  | 11.8 | %
Decrease in average selling prices |  |  | (1.9 | )% |  |  | (1.3 | )%
Foreign currency effects |  |  | 0.2 | % |  |  | 0.2 | %
Other |  |  | (0.1 | )% |  |  | (0.4 | )%
Net change |  |  | 0.9 | % |  |  | 10.3 | %

Net revenues of the Inductors segment increased slightly versus the prior fiscal quarter and significantly versus the prior year quarter. The increase versus the prior fiscal quarter is primarily due to increased sales to EMS customers, automotive and military and aerospace end market customers and customers in the Europe and Americas regions, partially offset by decreased sales to distribution customers, industrial end market customers, and customers in the Asia region. The increase versus the prior year quarter is primarily due to increased sales to automotive and military and aerospace end market customers and customers in all regions, particularly the Americas region, partially offset by decreased sales to distribution customers and industrial end market customers.
The gross profit margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter, but increased versus the prior year quarter. The decrease versus the prior fiscal quarter is primarily due to decreased average selling prices and higher labor costs. The increase versus the prior year quarter is primarily due to higher sales volume and manufacturing efficiencies.
The segment operating margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter, but was flat versus the prior year quarter. The fluctuations are primarily due to gross profit fluctuations. Cost inflation negatively impacted the segment operating margin versus the prior year quarter.
Average selling prices decreased slightly versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year quarter.
We expect long-term growth in this segment, and are continuously expanding manufacturing capacity for certain product lines and evaluating acquisition opportunities, particularly of specialty businesses.
33

Capacitors
Net revenues, gross profit margins, and segment operating margins of the Capacitors segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| March 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | April 1, 2023 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 117,930 |  |  | $ | 114,011 |  |  | $ | 133,291 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 27.4 | % |  |  | 25.3 | % |  |  | 28.5 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  | 22.5 | % |  |  | 20.4 | % |  |  | 24.8 | %

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 |
| Change in net revenues |  | % change |
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 3,919 |  |  |  | 3.4 | %
April 1, 2023 |  | $ | (15,361 | ) |  |  | (11.5 | )%

Changes in Capacitors segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

|  | vs. Prior Quarter |  |  | vs. Prior Year Quarter |
Change attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in volume |  |  | 4.0 | % |  |  | (12.0 | )%
Change in average selling prices |  |  | (0.8 | )% |  |  | 0.4 | %
Foreign currency effects |  |  | 0.5 | % |  |  | 0.4 | %
Other |  |  | (0.3 | )% |  |  | (0.3 | )%
Net change |  |  | 3.4 | % |  |  | (11.5 | )%

Net revenues of the Capacitors segment increased versus the prior fiscal quarter, but decreased versus the prior year quarter. The increase versus the prior fiscal quarter is primarily due to increased sales to distribution customers, industrial end market customers, and customers in the Asia region. The decrease versus the prior year quarter is primarily due to decreased sales to distribution customers, industrial end market customers, and customers in the Americas and Europe regions.
The gross profit margin increased versus the prior fiscal quarter, but decreased versus the prior year quarter. The increase versus the prior fiscal quarter is primarily due to higher sales volume, manufacturing efficiencies, and favorable sales mix. The decrease versus the prior year quarter is primarily due to lower sales volume, higher wage and tantalum costs, partially offset by favorable sales mix.
The segment operating margin increased versus the prior fiscal quarter, but decreased versus the prior year quarter. The fluctuations are primarily due to gross profit fluctuations.
Average selling prices decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter, but increased versus the prior year quarter.
34

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative expenses are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Fiscal quarters ended |
| March 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | April 1, 2023 |
Total SG&A expenses |  | $ | 127,736 |  |  | $ | 122,834 |  |  | $ | 120,145 |
as a percentage of revenues |  |  | 17.1 | % |  |  | 15.6 | % |  |  | 13.8 | %

The sequential increase in SG&A expenses is primarily attributable to uneven attribution of stock-based compensation expense and cost inflation. SG&A expenses increased versus the prior year quarter due to higher stock-based compensation expense and general cost inflation.
Other Income (Expense)
Interest expense for the fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 was flat versus the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023 and increased by $1.4 million versus the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023. The increase versus the prior year fiscal quarter is due to the issuance of the convertible senior notes due 2030 in the third fiscal quarter of 2023.
The following tables analyze the components of the line “Other” on the consolidated condensed statements of operations (in thousands):

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |  |  |  |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |  |  | Change |
Foreign exchange gain (loss) |  | $ | 1,293 |  |  | $ | (443 | ) |  | $ | 1,736 |
Interest income |  |  | 9,053 |  |  |  | 9,934 |  |  |  | (881 | )
Other components of other periodic pension cost |  |  | (2,073 | ) |  |  | (2,547 | ) |  |  | 474 |
Investment income (expense) |  |  | (366 | ) |  |  | 2,215 |  |  |  | (2,581 | )
Other |  |  | 180 |  |  |  | 109 |  |  |  | 71 |
|  | $ | 8,087 |  |  | $ | 9,268 |  |  | $ | (1,181 | )

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |  |  |  |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | Change |
Foreign exchange gain (loss) |  | $ | 1,293 |  |  | $ | (1,490 | ) |  | $ | 2,783 |
Interest income |  |  | 9,053 |  |  |  | 5,944 |  |  |  | 3,109 |
Other components of other periodic pension cost |  |  | (2,073 | ) |  |  | (1,888 | ) |  |  | (185 | )
Investment income (expense) |  |  | (366 | ) |  |  | 744 |  |  |  | (1,110 | )
Other |  |  | 180 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 161 |
|  | $ | 8,087 |  |  | $ | 3,329 |  |  | $ | 4,758 |

35

Income Taxes
For the fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024, our effective tax rate was 29.0%, as compared to 35.6% and 28.4% for the fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2023 and April 1, 2023, respectively. We expect that our effective tax rate will be higher than the U.S. statutory rate, excluding unusual transactions.
During the three fiscal months ended March 30, 2024, the liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits did not materially change.
We operate in a global environment with significant operations in various locations outside the United States. Accordingly, the consolidated income tax rate is a composite rate reflecting our earnings and the applicable tax rates in the various locations where we operate. Part of our historical strategy has been to achieve cost savings through the transfer and expansion of manufacturing operations to countries where we can take advantage of lower labor costs and available tax and other government-sponsored incentives.
Additional information about income taxes is included in Note 4 to our consolidated condensed financial statements.
36

Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources
Our financial condition as of March 30, 2024 continued to be strong. Cash and short-term investments exceed our long-term debt balances, and we have historically been a strong generator of operating cash flows. The cash generated from operations is used to fund our capital expenditure plans, and cash in excess of our capital expenditure needs is available to fund our acquisition strategy, fund our Stockholder Return Policy, and to reduce debt levels.
Management uses a non-GAAP measure, "free cash," to evaluate our ability to fund acquisitions, repay debt, and otherwise enhance stockholder value through stock repurchases or dividends. See "Overview" above for "free cash" definition and reconciliation to GAAP.
Cash flows provided by operating activities were $80.2 million for the three fiscal months ended March 30, 2024, as compared to cash flows provided by operations of $129.9 million for the three fiscal months ended April 1, 2023.
In order to manage our working capital and operating cash needs, we monitor our cash conversion cycle. The following table presents the components of our cash conversion cycle during the five fiscal quarters beginning with the first fiscal quarter of 2023 through the first fiscal quarter of 2024:

|  | Fiscal quarters ended |
|  | 1st Quarter 2023 |  |  | 2nd Quarter 2023 |  |  | 3rd Quarter 2023 |  |  | 4th Quarter 2023 |  |  | 1st Quarter 2024 |
Days sales outstanding ("DSO") (a) |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 51 |
Days inventory outstanding (b) |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | 96 |  |  |  | 101 |  |  |  | 104 |
Days payable outstanding ("DPO") (c) |  |  | (32 | ) |  |  | (32 | ) |  |  | (33 | ) |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | (31 | )
Cash conversion cycle |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 124 |

a) DSO measures the average collection period of our receivables. DSO is calculated by dividing the average accounts receivable by the average net revenue per day for the respective fiscal quarter.
b) DIO measures the average number of days from procurement to sale of our product. DIO is calculated by dividing the average inventory by average cost of goods sold per day for the respective fiscal quarter.
c) DPO measures the average number of days our payables remain outstanding before payment. DPO is calculated by dividing the average accounts payable by the average cost of goods sold per day for the respective fiscal quarter.
Cash paid for property and equipment for the three fiscal months ended March 30, 2024 was $53.1 million, as compared to $45.6 million for the three fiscal months ended April 1, 2023. To be well positioned to service our customers and to fully participate in growing markets, we have increased and expect to maintain a relatively high level of capital expenditures for expansion in the mid-term. To increase our internal capacity, we plan to invest approximately $435 million in 2024, as part of our plan to invest approximately $1.4 billion in total capital expenditures for the period 2023 to 2025 and $2.6 billion for the period 2023 to 2028.
Free cash flow for the three fiscal months ended March 30, 2024 decreased versus the three fiscal months ended April 1, 2023 primarily due to decreased net earnings. We expect that free cash flow will be negatively impacted by the expected high level of capital expenditures for expansion in 2023 - 2025 after which we expect to generate increasingly higher levels of free cash. There is no assurance, however, that we will be able to continue to generate cash flows from operations and free cash at our historical levels, or at all, going forward if the economic environment worsens.
In 2022, our Board of Directors adopted a Stockholder Return Policy that will remain in effect until such time as the Board votes to amend or rescind the policy. See “Stockholder Return Policy” above for additional information.
The following table summarizes the components of net cash and short-term investments (debt) at March 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

|  | March 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Credit facility |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Convertible senior notes, due 2025 |  |  | 95,102 |  |  |  | 95,102 |
Convertible senior notes, due 2030 |  |  | 750,000 |  |  |  | 750,000 |
Deferred financing costs |  |  | (25,695 | ) |  |  | (26,914 | )
Total debt |  |  | 819,407 |  |  |  | 818,188 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 796,541 |  |  |  | 972,719 |
Short-term investments |  |  | 37,418 |  |  |  | 35,808 |
Net cash and short-term investments (debt) |  | $ | 14,552 |  |  | $ | 190,339 |

"Net cash and short-term investments (debt)" does not have a uniform definition and is not recognized in accordance with GAAP. This measure should not be viewed as an alternative to GAAP measures of performance or liquidity. However, management believes that an analysis of "net cash and short-term investments (debt)" assists investors in understanding aspects of our cash and debt management. The measure, as calculated by us, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
We invest a portion of our excess cash in highly liquid, high-quality instruments with maturities greater than 90 days, but less than 1 year, which we classify as short-term investments on our consolidated balance sheets. As these investments were funded using a portion of excess cash and represent a significant aspect of our cash management strategy, we include the investments in the calculation of net cash and short-term investments (debt).
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The interest rates on our short-term investments vary by location. Transactions related to these investments are classified as investing activities on our consolidated condensed statements of cash flows.
As of March 30, 2024, 89% of our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were held in countries outside of the United States. Cash dividends to stockholders, share repurchases, and principal and interest payments on our debt instruments need to be paid by the U.S. parent company, Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. A U.S.-domiciled subsidiary was the acquiring entity of Nexperia's wafer fabrication facility and operations in Newport, South Wales, U.K. Our U.S. subsidiaries also have cash operating needs. The recent distribution of earnings from Israel and Germany to the United States was used to fund the Nexperia transaction and will also be used to fund our Stockholder Return Policy. We expect that cash on-hand and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our longer-term financing needs related to normal operating requirements, regular dividend payments, share repurchases pursuant to our Stockholder Return Policy, and our research and development and capital expenditure plans. Our substantially undrawn credit facility provides us with significant operating liquidity in the United States.
We maintain a $750 million revolving credit agreement that matures on May 8, 2028. The maximum amount available on the revolving credit facility is restricted by the financial covenants described below. The credit facility also provides us the ability to request up to $300 million of incremental facilities, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, which could take the form of additional revolving commitments, incremental “term loan A” or “term loan B” facilities, or incremental equivalent debt.
We had no amount outstanding on our revolving credit facility at December 31, 2023 and March 30, 2024. We expect to use the revolving credit facility from time-to-time to meet short-term financing needs.
Pursuant to the credit facility, the financial maintenance covenants include (a) an interest coverage ratio of not less than 2.00 to 1; and (b) a net leverage ratio of not more than 3.25 to 1 (and a pro forma ratio of 3.00 to 1 on the date of incurrence of additional debt). Net leverage ratio reduces the measure of outstanding debt by up to $250 million of unrestricted cash. The computation of these ratios is prescribed in Article VI of the Credit Agreement between Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., which was filed with the SEC as Exhibit 10.1 to our current report on Form 8-K filed May 8, 2023.
The credit facility limits or restricts us from, among other things, incurring indebtedness, incurring liens on its respective assets, making investments and acquisitions (assuming our pro forma net leverage ratio is greater than 2.75 to 1.00), making asset sales, and paying cash dividends and making other restricted payments (assuming our pro forma net leverage ratio is greater than 2.50 to 1.00).
We were in compliance with all financial covenants under the credit facility at March 30, 2024. Our interest coverage ratio and net leverage ratio were 11.78 to 1 and 0.99 to 1, respectively. We expect to continue to be in compliance with these covenants based on current projections.
If we are not in compliance with all of the required financial covenants, the credit facility could be terminated by the lenders, and any amounts then outstanding pursuant to the credit facility could become immediately payable. Additionally, our convertible senior notes due 2025 and due 2030 have cross-default provisions that could accelerate repayment in the event the indebtedness under the credit facility is accelerated. The maturity date of the credit facility will accelerate if within ninety-one days prior to the maturity of our convertible senior notes due 2025, the outstanding principal amount of such notes exceeds a defined liquidity measure as set forth in the credit facility. The repurchase of $370.2 million principal amount of convertible senior notes due 2025 in 2023 reduces the risk that the maturity date of the credit facility will accelerate.
Borrowings under the credit facility bear interest at variable reference rates plus an interest margin. The applicable interest margin is based on our total leverage ratio. We also pay a commitment fee, also based on our total leverage ratio, on undrawn amounts. U.S. dollar borrowings under the credit facility are based on SOFR (including a customary spread adjustment). Borrowings in foreign currencies bear interest at currency-specific reference rates plus an interest margin. Based on our current total leverage ratio of 1.41 to 1, any new U.S. dollar borrowings will bear interest at SOFR plus 1.60% (including the applicable credit spread), and the undrawn commitment fee is 0.25% per annum.
The borrowings under the credit facility are secured by a lien on substantially all assets, including accounts receivable, inventory, machinery and equipment, and general intangibles (but excluding real estate, intellectual property registered or licensed solely for use in, or arising solely under the laws of, any country other than the United States, assets located solely outside of the United States and deposit and securities accounts), of Vishay and certain significant subsidiaries located in the United States, and pledges of stock in certain subsidiaries; and are guaranteed by certain significant subsidiaries.
We expect, at least initially, to fund certain future obligations required to be paid by the U.S. parent company by borrowing under our credit facility. We also expect to continue to use the credit facility from time-to-time to meet certain short-term financing needs. Additional acquisition activity, convertible debt repurchases, or conversion of our convertible debt instruments may require additional borrowing under our credit facility or may otherwise require us to incur additional debt. No principal payments on our debt are due before 2025.
The convertible senior notes due 2025 and due 2030 are not currently convertible. Pursuant to the indenture governing the convertible senior notes due 2030, we will cash-settle the principal amount of $1,000 per note and settle any additional amounts in cash or shares of our common stock. Pursuant to the indenture governing the convertible senior notes due 2025 and the amendments thereto incorporated in the Supplemental Indenture dated December 23, 2020, we will cash-settle the principal amount of $1,000 per note and settle any additional amounts in shares of our common stock. We intend to finance the principal amount of any converted notes using borrowings under our credit facility. No conversions have occurred to date.
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Safe Harbor Statement
From time to time, information provided by us, including but not limited to statements in this report, or other statements made by or on our behalf, may contain “forward-looking” information within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “believe,” “estimate,” “will be,” “will,” “would,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “project,” “intend,” “could,” “should,” or other similar words or expressions often identify forward-looking statements.
Such statements are based on current expectations only, and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, many of which are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results, performance, or achievements may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, or projected. Among the factors that could cause actual results to materially differ include: general business and economic conditions; delays or difficulties in implementing our cost reduction strategies; delays or difficulties in expanding our manufacturing capacities; manufacturing or supply chain interruptions or changes in customer demand (including due to political, economic, and health instability and military conflicts and hostilities); an inability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel; changes in foreign currency exchange rates; uncertainty related to the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates; competition and technological changes in our industries; difficulties in new product development; difficulties in identifying suitable acquisition candidates, consummating a transaction on terms which we consider acceptable, and integration and performance of acquired businesses; changes in applicable domestic and foreign tax regulations and uncertainty regarding the same; changes in U.S. and foreign trade regulations and tariffs and uncertainty regarding the same; changes in applicable accounting standards and other factors affecting our operations, markets, capacity to meet demand, products, services, and prices that are set forth in our filings with the SEC, including our annual reports on Form 10-K and our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K listed various important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from projected and historic results. We note these factors for investors as permitted by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Readers can find them in Part I, Item 1A, of that filing under the heading “Risk Factors.” You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.

Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 16, 2024, describes our exposure to market risks. There have been no material changes to our market risks since December 31, 2023.

Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act are: (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms; and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

Item 3 of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 16, 2024 describes certain of our legal proceedings. There have been no material developments to the legal proceedings previously disclosed.

Item 1A. | Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors we previously disclosed under Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 16, 2024.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  |  | Average Price Paid per Share (including commission) |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  |  | Total Dollar Amount Purchased Under the Program |  |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
January 1 - 27 |  |  | 215,084 |  |  | $ | 22.61 |  |  |  | 215,084 |  |  | $ | 4,863,117 |  |  |  | 2,662,301 |
January 28 - February 24 |  |  | 272,076 |  |  | $ | 22.02 |  |  |  | 272,076 |  |  | $ | 5,991,984 |  |  |  | 2,390,225 |
February 25 - March 30 |  |  | 78,260 |  |  | $ | 21.51 |  |  |  | 78,260 |  |  | $ | 1,683,025 |  |  |  | 2,311,965 |
Total |  |  | 565,420 |  |  | $ | 22.17 |  |  |  | 565,420 |  |  | $ | 12,538,126 |  |  |  | 2,311,965 |

In 2022, our Board of Directors adopted a Stockholder Return Policy, which calls for us to return at least 70% of free cash flow, net of scheduled principal payments of long-term debt, on an annual basis. We intend to return such amounts to stockholders directly, in the form of cash dividends, and/or indirectly, in the form of stock repurchases. The policy sets forth our intention, but does not obligate us to acquire any shares of common stock or declare any dividends, and the policy may be terminated or suspended at any time at our direction, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. | Other Information

None of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or adopted or terminated a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K) during the fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024.
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Item 6. | Exhibits

10.1 | Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated February 27, 2024, between Vishay Dale Electronics LLC (a wholly owned subsidiary of Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.), Vishay Intertechnology, Inc., and Joel Smejkal. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our current report on Form 8-K, filed February 29, 2024.
10.2 | Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated February 27, 2024, between Vishay Israel Ltd. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.), Vishay Intertechnology, Inc., and Jeff Webster. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our current report on Form 8-K, filed February 29, 2024.
10.3 | Employment Agreement, dated February 27, 2024, between Vishay Intertechnology, Inc., and David E. McConnell. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our current report on Form 8-K, filed February 29, 2024.
10.4 | Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated February 27, 2024, between Siliconix incorporated (a wholly owned subsidiary of Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.), Vishay Intertechnology, Inc., and Roy Shoshani. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our current report on Form 8-K, filed February 29, 2024.
10.5 | Employment Agreement, dated February 27, 2024, between Vishay Intertechnology, Inc., and Michael O'Sullivan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to our current report on Form 8-K, filed February 29, 2024.
10.6 | Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated February 27, 2024, between Vishay Intertechnology, Inc., and Peter Henrici. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to our current report on Form 8-K, filed February 29, 2024.
10.7 | Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Agreement.
10.8 | Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement.
31.1 | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Joel Smejkal, Chief Executive Officer.
31.2 | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - David E. McConnell, Chief Financial Officer.
32.1 | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Joel Smejkal, Chief Executive Officer.
32.2 | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – David E. McConnell, Chief Financial Officer.
101 | Interactive Data File (Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the quarterly period ended March 30, 2024, furnished in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language)).
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language and contained in Exhibit 101)

____________
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
| /s/ David E. McConnell |
| David E. McConnell |
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
| (as a duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)

| /s/ David L. Tomlinson |
| David L. Tomlinson |
| Senior Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer
| (as a duly authorized officer and principal accounting officer)

Date: May 8, 2024
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