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Fair value measurements (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurement [Abstract]  
Disclosure of Company's recurring fair value measurements within fair value hierarchy and Summary of changes in fair value of Level 3 financial assets
The following tables present the Company's recurring fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy. The Company did not have non-recurring fair value measurements as at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands $).

Short-term investments
Dec. 31, 2023Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Public equities and share purchase warrants708442754
Private holdings— — 1,478 1,478 
Total recurring fair value measurements708 44 1,480 2,232 
Dec. 31, 2022Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Public equities and share purchase warrants1,012804 47 1,863 
Private holdings—— 1,485 1,485 
Total recurring fair value measurements1,012 804 1,532 3,348 

Co-investments
Dec. 31, 2023Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Co-investments (1)
15,35778,171—93,528
Total recurring fair value measurements15,357 78,171 — 93,528 
Dec. 31, 2022Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Co-investments (1)
10,27963,294—73,573
Total recurring fair value measurements10,27963,294—73,573
(1) Co-investments also include investments made in funds which the Company consolidates that directly hold publicly traded equities or precious metals.
Other assets
Dec. 31, 2023Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Digital gold strategies— — 3,412 3,412 
Assets attributable to non-controlling interest1,706 13,733 — 15,439 
Total recurring fair value measurements1,706 13,733 3,412 18,851 
Dec. 31, 2022Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Digital gold strategies— — 3,778 3,778 
Assets attributable to non-controlling interest3,248 8,053 — 11,301 
Total recurring fair value measurements3,248 8,053 3,778 15,079 

The following tables provides a summary of changes in the fair value of Level 3 financial assets (in thousands $):
Short-term investments
Changes in the fair value of Level 3 measurements - Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022Purchases and reclassificationsSalesNet unrealized gains (losses) included in net incomeDec. 31, 2023
Share purchase warrants4748(37)(56)2
Private holdings1,485——(7)1,478
Total1,53248(37)(63)1,480

Changes in the fair value of Level 3 measurements - Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021Purchases and reclassificationsSalesNet unrealized gains (losses) included in net incomeDec. 31, 2022
Share purchase warrants135(44)—(44)47
Private holdings2,020——(535)1,485
Total2,155(44)—(579)1,532
Other assets
Changes in the fair value of Level 3 measurements - Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022Purchases and reclassificationsSalesNet unrealized gains (losses) included in net incomeDec. 31, 2023
Digital gold strategies3,778——(366)3,412
Total3,778——(366)3,412

Changes in the fair value of Level 3 measurements - Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021Purchases and reclassificationsSalesNet unrealized gains (losses) included in net incomeDec. 31, 2022
Digital gold strategies7,060——(3,282)3,778
Total7,060——(3,282)3,778
Description of valuation techniques used in Company's fair value measurements
The following table presents the valuation techniques used by the Company in measuring fair values:
TypeValuation technique
Public equities, precious metals and share purchase warrantsFair values are determined using publicly available prices or pricing models which incorporate all available market-observable inputs.
Alternative funds and private equity fundsFair values are based on the last available net asset value.
Fixed income securitiesFair values are based on independent market data providers or third-party broker quotes.
Private holdings (including digital gold strategies)Fair values based on variety of valuation techniques, including discounted cash flows, comparable recent transactions and other techniques used by market participants.