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Financial instruments risks
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments [abstract]  
Financial instruments risks
39. Financial instruments risks
Presentation of Risk Management and Risk-Weighted Assets (RWA)
Strategies and processes
The General Risks Policy expresses the levels and types of risk the Group is willing to take to carry out its strategic plan, with no relevant deviations, even under stress conditions.
To achieve its goals, the Group uses a management model with two principles for the decision-making process:
 
  
Prudence: Materialized in relation to the management of the various risks acknowledged by the Group.
 
  
Anticipation: refers to the adaptation capacity of risk management.
This process aims to be adequate, sufficiently proven, duly documented and periodically reviewed based on the changes of the Group’s risk profile and the market.
Structure and organization
The Group has a formal organizational structure, with a set of roles and responsibilities, organized in a pyramidal structure that generates control instances from lower to higher levels, up to the highest decision-making bodies. The following are the areas that conform the structure and a list of their functions:
 
  
Risks Management Unit,
 
  
Committees
 
  
Control and Reporting Units
 
  
Cross-Control Areas
Risks Management Unit:
This is an area that is independent from business units, in charge of implementing the criteria, policies and procedures defined by the organization within the scope of credit (retail and wholesale), operational and market risk management, with a
follow-up
and control of proper application and proposing the actions necessary to the keep quality of risks within the defined goals. One of its main functions is to ensure proper information for the decision-making process at all levels, including relevant risk factors, such as:
 
  
Active management throughout the life of the risk.
 
  
Clear processes and procedures.
 
  
Integrated management of all risks through identification and quantification.
 
  
Generation, implementation and dissemination of advanced decision-making support tools.
Committees
Committees are the instances through which risks are treated. BBVA Argentina has an agile and proper structure of committees for the management of the various risks.
Internal Risk Control Unit
The main responsibilities of Internal Risks Control Area are: ensuring there is a proper internal regulatory framework (a process and measures defined for each type of risks), controlling its application and operation, and ensuring an assessment of the existence of a control environment and its proper implementation and operation.
The area has a Models Validation team that ensures the adequate use of BBVA Argentina’s internal risk statistical models and is responsible for issuing an informed and updated opinion on the proper use of such models.
Reporting Units
The Reporting Units are in charge of control procedures for risk, determining the risk quota for each segment of economic activity and type of financing, preparing fundamental metrics setting forth the principles and general risk profile in the statement of Appetite for Risk. In addition, it is in charge of generating reports for the Risks Management for decision-making process in accordance with internal credit policies and control organizations’ policies, reviewing processes and proposing alternatives.
Cross-Control Areas
The Group also has cross-control areas, such as: Internal Audit, Regulatory Compliance and Internal Control.
Risk Appetite Framework
Risk appetite is a key element providing the Group with a comprehensive framework to determine the risks and level of risks, expressed in terms of capital, liquidity, profitability, income recurrence, risks costs or other metrics.
Risk appetite is expressed through a statement containing the general principles for the Group’s strategy and quantitative metrics.
Stress Testing
The evaluation of the Group’s financial position under a severe but plausible scenario requires the simulation of scenarios to estimate the potential impact on the value of portfolios, profitability, solvency and liquidity.
Credit risk
It is the most important risk for the Group and includes counterparty risk, issuer risk, settlement risk and country risk management.
Strategy and processes
BBVA Argentina develops its credit risk strategy defining the goals that will guide its granting activities, the policies to be adopted and the necessary practices and procedures to carry out those activities.
Additionally, the Risks Management Department, together with the rest of the Bank’s Management Departments, annually develops a budget process, which includes the main variables of credit risk:
 
  
Expected growth per portfolio and product.
 
  
Evolution of default ratio.
 
  
Evolution of
write-off
portfolios.
This way, the expected standard credit risk values are set for a term of one year. Afterwards, the real values obtained are compared with that budget, to assess the growth of the portfolio and its quality.
Also, maximum limits or exposures per economic activity are formalized, pursuant to the Group’s placement strategy, which are used to follow up credit portfolios. In case of deviations from the set limits, these are analyzed by the Risks
Follow-Up
Committees to take the necessary measures.
Origination
BBVA Argentina has credit risk origination policies, to define the criteria to obtain quality assets, establish risk tolerance levels and alignment of the credit activities with the strategy of BBVA Argentina and in accordance with the Group. The policy of accepting risks is therefore organized into three different levels in the Group:
 
  
Analysis of the financial risk of the transaction, based on the debtor’s capacity for repayment or funds generation.
 
  
The constitution of guarantees that are adequate, or at any rate generally accepted, for the risk assumed, in any of the generally accepted forms: monetary, secured, personal or hedge guarantees; and finally.
 
  
Assessment of the repayment risk (asset liquidity) of the guarantees received.
Monitoring
The main monitoring procedures carried out for the various Banking areas are:
 
  
Monitoring of the limit granted: Since customer profiles vary over time, the limits of products contracted are periodically reviewed for the purpose of broadening, reducing or suspending the limit assigned, based on the risk situation.
 
  
Maintenance of
pre-approved
limits: Customers’ characteristics, vary over time. Therefore, there is periodical maintenance of the
pre-approved
limits, taking into consideration changes in a customer’s situation (position of asset and liability and relationship). Likewise, there is a periodic
follow-up
of the evolution of the
pre-approved
limits amount for the purpose of controlling and ensuring the risk assigned in accordance with the desired risk levels.
 
  
Monitoring of rating tools: Rating tools are a reflection of the internal inputs and show the characteristics and biases of such inputs. Therefore, they need a long period of use to reduce or eliminate those biases through the inclusion of new information, correction of existing information and periodic reviews optimizing the results of back-tests.
 
  
Portfolio analysis: The portfolio analysis consists of a monitoring process and study of the complete cycle of portfolios risk for the purpose of analyzing the status of the portfolio, identifying potential paths towards improvements in management and forecasting future behavior.
Additionally, the following functions are carried out:
 
  
Monitoring of specific customers.
 
  
Monitoring of products.
 
  
Monitoring of units (branches, areas).
 
  
Other monitoring actions (samples, control of admission process and risk management, campaigns).
The priority in credit risk monitoring processes is focused mainly on problematic or potentially problematic customers for preventive purposes. The remaining aspects, the monitoring of products, units and other monitoring actions, are supplementary to the specific monitoring of customers.
Recovery
BBVA Argentina has also a Recoveries Area within Risks Management, to mitigate the severity of credit portfolios as well as to provide the results directly through collections of
Write-Off
portfolios and indirectly through collections of active portfolios, which imply a reduction of allowances.
Scope and nature of information and/or risk measurement systems
BBVA Argentina has several tools to be used in credit risk management for effective risk control and facilitating the entire process. The periodic reports are:
 
  
Progress of Risks.
 
  
Payment Schedules.
 
  
Ratings.
 
  
Dashboard.
 
  
Early Alerts System.
 
  
Quarterly tools
follow-up
sheet.
Exposure to credit risk
The Group’s credit risk exposure of loans and advances under IFRS 9 with stage allocation by asset classification as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 is provided below:
 
                                                                                             
Credit risk exposure
  
December 31,
2020
   
Stage 1
 
  
Stage 2
 
  
Stage 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  
 
86,184,474
 
  
 
86,184,474
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
- BCRA unrestricted current account
  
 
86,184,474
 
  
 
86,184,474
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Financial assets at amortized cost
  
 
344,596,958
 
  
 
299,911,768
 
  
 
39,248,718
 
  
 
5,436,472
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Wholesale
  
 
127,382,078
 
  
 
112,935,399
 
  
 
11,532,469
 
  
 
2,914,210
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
- Business
  
 
63,350,121
 
  
 
57,314,517
 
  
 
4,658,319
 
  
 
1,377,285
 
- Corporate & Investment Banking (CIB)
  
 
51,430,316
 
  
 
43,387,621
 
  
 
6,615,922
 
  
 
1,426,773
 
- Institutional and international
  
 
3,539
 
  
 
3,186
 
  
 
9
 
  
 
344
 
- MSMEs
  
 
9,853,004
 
  
 
9,515,836
 
  
 
227,360
 
  
 
109,808
 
- Others
  
 
2,745,098
 
  
 
2,714,239
 
  
 
30,859
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Retail
  
 
168,026,972
 
  
 
137,788,461
 
  
 
27,716,249
 
  
 
2,522,262
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
- Advances
  
 
397,966
 
  
 
224,119
 
  
 
58,893
 
  
 
114,954
 
- Credit cards
  
 
108,390,974
 
  
 
87,348,378
 
  
 
20,065,917
 
  
 
976,679
 
- Personal loans
  
 
27,678,973
 
  
 
21,409,918
 
  
 
5,126,960
 
  
 
1,142,095
 
- Pledge loans
  
 
12,762,900
 
  
 
12,446,707
 
  
 
78,369
 
  
 
237,824
 
- Mortgages
  
 
18,561,052
 
  
 
16,125,462
 
  
 
2,385,293
 
  
 
50,297
 
- Receivables from financial leases
  
 
234,513
 
  
 
233,326
 
  
 
805
 
  
 
382
 
- Others
  
 
594
 
  
 
551
 
  
 
12
 
  
 
31
 
Reverse repurchase agreements
  
 
49,187,908
 
  
 
49,187,908
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
- BCRA repos
  
 
49,187,908
 
  
 
49,187,908
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
 
127,543,852
 
  
 
90,151,041
 
  
 
37,392,811
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
- Debt securities
  
 
127,543,852
 
  
 
90,151,041
 
  
 
37,392,811
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total financial assets risk
  
 
558,325,284
 
  
 
476,247,283
 
  
 
76,641,529
 
  
 
5,436,472
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Loan commitments and financial guarantees
  
 
62,527,175
 
  
 
57,622,393
 
  
 
4,895,830
 
  
 
8,952
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Wholesale
  
 
15,103,722
 
  
 
14,192,903
 
  
 
903,181
 
  
 
7,638
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
- Business
  
 
4,696,427
 
  
 
4,509,965
 
  
 
180,282
 
  
 
6,180
 
- CIB
  
 
5,681,763
 
  
 
5,464,505
 
  
 
216,776
 
  
 
482
 
- Institutional and international
  
 
4,215,983
 
  
 
3,730,436
 
  
 
485,547
 
  
 
 
- MSMEs
  
 
509,549
 
  
 
487,997
 
  
 
20,576
 
  
 
976
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Retail
  
 
47,423,453
 
  
 
43,429,490
 
  
 
3,992,649
 
  
 
1,314
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
- Advances
  
 
4,971,492
 
  
 
4,874,422
 
  
 
97,011
 
  
 
59
 
- Credit cards
  
 
42,130,673
 
  
 
38,287,465
 
  
 
3,841,953
 
  
 
1,255
 
- Mortgages
  
 
289,695
 
  
 
258,729
 
  
 
30,966
 
  
 
 
- Others
  
 
31,593
 
  
 
8,874
 
  
 
22,719
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total loan commitments and financial guarantees
  
 
62,527,175
 
  
 
57,622,393
 
  
 
4,895,830
 
  
 
8,952
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total credit risk exposure
  
 
620,852,459
 
  
 
533,869,676
 
  
 
81,537,359
 
  
 
5,445,424
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
                                                                                             
Credit risk exposure
  
December 31,
2019
   
Stage 1
 
  
Stage 2
 
  
Stage 3
 
Financial assets at amortized cost
  
 
283,357,959
 
  
 
245,405,093
 
  
 
27,358,665
 
  
 
10,594,201
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Wholesale
  
 
121,743,503
 
  
 
106,101,285
 
  
 
9,436,834
 
  
 
6,205,384
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
- Business
  
 
63,570,532
 
  
 
51,955,351
 
  
 
6,324,901
 
  
 
5,290,280
 
- CIB
  
 
54,764,063
 
  
 
52,123,004
 
  
 
1,825,624
 
  
 
815,435
 
- Institutional and international
  
 
781,390
 
  
 
427,890
 
  
 
353,022
 
  
 
478
 
- MSMEs
  
 
2,627,518
 
  
 
1,595,040
 
  
 
933,287
 
  
 
99,191
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Retail
  
 
161,614,456
 
  
 
139,303,808
 
  
 
17,921,831
 
  
 
4,388,817
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
- Advances
  
 
634,087
 
  
 
394,705
 
  
 
149,426
 
  
 
89,956
 
- Credit cards
  
 
93,547,285
 
  
 
81,534,909
 
  
 
9,805,989
 
  
 
2,206,387
 
- Personal loans
  
 
33,189,072
 
  
 
24,553,711
 
  
 
6,783,052
 
  
 
1,852,309
 
- Pledge loans
  
 
13,086,909
 
  
 
12,625,716
 
  
 
261,480
 
  
 
199,713
 
- Mortgages
  
 
20,931,137
 
  
 
19,974,970
 
  
 
918,980
 
  
 
37,187
 
- Receivables from financial leases
  
 
224,639
 
  
 
218,816
 
  
 
2,809
 
  
 
3,014
 
- Others
  
 
1,327
 
  
 
981
 
  
 
95
 
  
 
251
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
 
61,506,254
 
  
 
39,634,085
 
  
 
21,872,169
 
  
 
—  
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
- Debt securities
  
 
61,506,254
 
  
 
39,634,085
 
  
 
21,872,169
 
  
 
—  
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total financial assets risk
  
 
344,864,213
 
  
 
285,039,178
 
  
 
49,230,834
 
  
 
10,594,201
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Loan commitments and financial guarantees
  
 
67,672,394
 
  
 
61,008,074
 
  
 
6,619,755
 
  
 
44,565
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Wholesale
  
 
16,874,379
 
  
 
13,133,774
 
  
 
3,734,472
 
  
 
6,133
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
- Business
  
 
12,256,853
 
  
 
10,592,414
 
  
 
1,660,653
 
  
 
3,786
 
- CIB
  
 
2,346,931
 
  
 
1,030,897
 
  
 
1,315,730
 
  
 
304
 
- Institutional and international
  
 
1,660,476
 
  
 
1,068,597
 
  
 
591,879
 
  
 
—  
 
- MSMEs
  
 
610,119
 
  
 
441,866
 
  
 
166,210
 
  
 
2,043
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Retail
  
 
50,798,015
 
  
 
47,874,300
 
  
 
2,885,283
 
  
 
38,432
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
- Advances
  
 
5,400,667
 
  
 
5,219,511
 
  
 
179,008
 
  
 
2,148
 
- Credit cards
  
 
45,016,896
 
  
 
42,311,309
 
  
 
2,669,303
 
  
 
36,284
 
- Mortgages
  
 
336,459
 
  
 
313,579
 
  
 
22,880
 
  
 
—  
 
- Others
  
 
43,993
 
  
 
29,901
 
  
 
14,092
 
  
 
—  
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total loan commitments and financial guarantees
  
 
67,672,394
 
  
 
61,008,074
 
  
 
6,619,755
 
  
 
44,565
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total credit risk exposure
  
 
412,536,607
 
  
 
346,047,252
 
  
 
55,850,589
 
  
 
10,638,766
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Information on the credit quality of assets
The Group’s credit quality analysis of financial assets under IFRS 9 with risk allocation as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 is provided below:
 
Credit quality analysis
 
 
  
December 31, 2020
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
 
  
   
- BCRA unrestricted current account (Low risk)
 
 
  
 
86,184,474
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total cash and cash equivalents
 
 
  
 
86,184,474
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Wholesale
 
 
  
   
- Low risk
 
 
  
 
97,760,236
 
- Medium risk
 
 
  
 
26,525,516
 
- High risk
 
 
  
 
15,278,200
 
- Non performing
 
 
  
 
2,921,848
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total wholesale
 
 
  
 
142,485,800
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Retail
 
 
  
   
- Low risk
 
 
  
 
140,435,130
 
- Medium risk
 
 
  
 
68,578,972
 
- High risk
 
 
  
 
3,912,747
 
- Non performing
 
 
  
 
2,523,576
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total retail
 
 
  
 
215,450,425
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Reverse repurchase agreement
 
 
  
   
- BCRA repos
 
CCC+
  
 
49,187,908
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total reverse repurchase agreement
 
 
  
 
49,187,908
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Debt securities
 
 
  
   
- BCRA Liquidity Bills
 
CCC+
  
 
89,890,131
 
- Government securities
 
CC
  
 
37,392,811
 
- Corporate bonds
 
CCC+
  
 
260,910
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total debt securities
 
 
  
 
127,543,852
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total credit risk exposure
 
 
  
 
620,852,459
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Credit quality analysis
   
December 31,
2019
 
Wholesale
       
- Low risk
     82,589,414 
- Medium risk
     35,034,923 
- High risk
     14,782,028 
- Non performing
     6,211,517 
     
 
 
 
Total wholesale
    
 
138,617,882
 
     
 
 
 
Retail
       
- Low risk
     149,850,521 
- Medium risk
     54,347,711 
- High risk
     3,786,990 
- Non performing
     4,427,249 
     
 
 
 
Total retail
    
 
212,412,471
 
     
 
 
 
Debt securities
       
- BCRA Liquidity Bills
 B+   39,585,142 
- Government securities
 CCC   21,825,609 
- Corporate bonds
 B+   95,503 
     
 
 
 
Total debt securities
    
 
61,506,254
 
     
 
 
 
Total credit risk exposure
    
 
412,536,607
 
     
 
 
 
Mitigation of credit risk, collateralized credit risk and other credit enhancements
In most cases, maximum credit risk exposure is reduced by collateral, credit enhancements and other actions which mitigate the Group’s exposure. The Group applies a credit risk hedging and mitigation policy deriving from a banking approach focused on relationship banking. The existence of guarantees could be a necessary but not sufficient instrument for accepting risks, as the assumption of risks by the Group requires prior evaluation of the debtor’s capacity for repayment, or that the debtor can generate sufficient resources to allow the amortization of the risk incurred under the agreed terms.
The procedures for the management and valuation of collateral following the Corporate Policies (retail and wholesale), which establish the basic principles for credit risk management, including the management of collaterals assigned in transactions with customers.
The methods used to value the collateral are in line with the best market practices and imply the use of appraisal of real-estate collateral, the market price in market securities, the trading price of shares in investment funds, etc. All the collaterals received must be correctly assigned and entered in the corresponding register.
The following are the principal types of collateral managed by BBVA Argentina
 
  
Guarantees: It includes sureties or unsecured instruments.
 
  
Joint and several guarantee: upon default on payment, the creditor may collect the unpaid amount from either the debtor or the surety.
 
  
Joint guarantee: in this case the guarantors and debt-holders are liable in proportion to their interest in the company / transaction and restricted to such amount or percentage.
 
  
Security Interest: it includes guarantees based on tangible assets, which are classified as follows:
 
  
Mortgages: a mortgage does not change the debtor’s unlimited liability, who is fully liable. They are documented pursuant to the Group’s internal regulations for such purposes and are duly registered. Also, there is an independent appraisal, at market value, which enables a prompt sale.
 
  
Pledges: this includes chattel mortgages of motor vehicles or machinery, as well as liens on time deposits and investment funds. To be accepted, they shall be effective upon realization accordingly, they are properly documented and shall be approved by the Legal Services area.
Loan commitments
To meet the specific financial needs of customers, the Group’s credit policy also includes, among others, the granting of financial guarantess, letters of credit and lines of credit through checking accounts overdrafts and credit cards. Although these transactions are not recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, because they imply a potential liability for the Group, they expose the Group to credit risks in addition to those recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and are, therefore, an integral part of the Group’s total risk.
Main types of guarantors
The Group defines that the collateral shall be direct, explicit, irrevocable and unconditional in order to be accepted as risk mitigation. Furthermore, regarding admissible guarantors, BBVA Argentina accepts financial institutions (local or foreign), public entities, stock exchange companies, resident and
non-resident
companies, including insurance companies.
Credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired
The Group has tools (“scoring” and “rating”) that enable it to rank the credit quality of its transactions and customers based on an assessment and its correspondence with the probability of default (“PD”) scales. To analyze the performance of PD, the Group has a series of tracking tools and historical databases that collect the pertinent internally generated information. These tools can be grouped together into scoring and rating models, being the main difference between ratings and scorings is that the latter are used to assess retail products, while ratings use a wholesale banking customer approach.
These different levels and their probability of default were calculated by using as a reference the rating scales and default rates. These calculations establish the levels of probability of default for the Bank’s Master Rating Scale. Although this scale is common to the entire Group, the calibrations (mapping scores to PD sections/Master Rating Scale levels) are carried out at the country level.
Market risk
BBVA Argentina considers market risk as the likelihood of losses of value of the trading portfolio as a consequence of adverse changes in market variables affecting the valuation of financial products and instruments.
The main market risk factors the Group is exposed to are as follows:
 
  
Interest rate risk: From exposure to changes in the various interest rate curves.
 
  
Foreign exchange risk: From changes in the various foreign exchange rates. All positions in a currency other than the currency of the consolidated statements of financial position create foreign exchange risk.
The Financial Risks Management of the Risks Management area applies the criteria, policies and procedures defined by the Board of Directors to manage, with a
follow-up
and control of its proper application, and proposing the necessary actions to maintain the quality of risk within the defined appetite for risk.
The financial risks management model of BBVA Argentina consists of the Market Risks and Structural Risks and Economic Capital Areas, which are coordinated for control and
follow-up
of risks.
The management of these risks is in line with the basic principles of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, with a comprehensive process to identify, measure, monitor and control risks.
The organization of financial risks is completed with a scheme of committees in which it participates, for the purpose of having an agile management process integrated into the treatment of the various risks.
Among others:
 
  
Assets and liabilities Committee (ALCO).
 
  
Risk Management Committee (RMC).
 
  
Financial Risks Committee (FRC).
BBVA Argentina has many tools and systems to manage and
follow-up
market risk, to achieve effective risk control and treatment.
The main market risk metric is VaR (“Value at Risk”), a parameter to estimate the maximum loss expected for the trading portfolio positions with a 99% confidence level and a time horizon of 1 day.
Current management structure and procedures in force include
follow-up
of a limits and alerts scheme in terms of VaR, economic capital, stress and stop loss.
The market risk measurement model is periodically validated through Back-Testing to determine the quality and precision of the VaR estimate.
The Market Risk management model contemplates procedures for communication in the event the risks levels defined are exceeded, establishing specific communication and acting circuits based on the exceeded threshold.
The market risk measurement perimeter is the trading portfolio (trading book) managed by the Global Markets unit. This portfolio mainly consists of:
 
  
Argentine Government Securities.
 
  
BCRA Liquidity Bills
 
  
Provincial debt securities.
 
  
Corporate Bonds.
 
  
Foreign exchange spot.
 
  
Derivatives (Exchange rate Futures and Forwards and Interest rate swaps).
The following tables show the trading portfolio total VaR and VaR per risk factors based on daily VaR information:
VaR (in millions of pesos)
 
   
Year-ended
December 31,
2020
   
Year-ended
December 31,
2019
 
Average
   226.41    81.60 
Minimum
   27.42    11.55 
Maximum
   431.58    273.42 
Closing
   225.50    43.57 
VaR per risk factors – (in millions of pesos)
 
VaR interest rate  
Year-ended
December 31,
2020
   
Year-ended
December 31,
2019
 
Average
   108.68    71.97 
Minimum
   6.97    8.26 
Maximum
   406.57    234.32 
Closing
   237.23    43.99 
   
VaR foreign exchange rate  
Year-ended

December 31,
2020
   
Year-ended
December 31,
2019
 
Average
   187.62    25.85 
Minimum
   2.93    0.85 
Maximum
   377.09    155.02 
Closing
   137.98    3.92 
Currency risk
The position in foreign currency is shown below:
 
   Total as of
December 31,
2020
  As of December 31, 2020 (per currency)   Total as of
December 31,
2019
 
  US Dollar  Euro   Real   Other 
ASSETS
                            
       
Cash and cash equivalents
   114,954,079   110,150,270   4,568,050    33,778    201,982    119,371,805 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - Debt securities
   629   629   0    0    0    226 
Other financial assets
   6,930,424   6,924,630   5,793    0    0    3,461,778 
       
Loans and advances
   27,928,287   27,928,212   0    0    75    46,696,681 
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income - Debt securities
   0   0   0    0    0    10,093,293 
Equity instruments
   28,273   28,273   0    0    0    36,946 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
TOTAL ASSETS
   149,841,692   145,032,014   4,573,843    33,778    202,057    179,660,729 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
LIABILITIES
                            
       
Deposits
   137,441,745   134,734,046   2,707,699    0    0    159,598,906 
Trading liabilities
   0   0   0    0    0    612,112 
Other financial liabilities
   10,386,382   9,968,665   380,566    0    37,151    10,465,808 
Bank loans
   2,260,739   2,260,739   0    0    0    4,153,052 
Other liabilities
   1,142,679   1,104,580   21,282    0    16,817    1,691,325 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
TOTAL LIABILITIES
   151,231,545   148,068,030   3,109,547    0    53,968    176,521,203 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net
  
 
(1,389,583
 
 
(3,036,016
 
 
1,464,296
 
  
 
33,778
 
  
 
148,089
 
  
 
3,139,526
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
The notional amounts of the foreign currency term and forward transactions are presented below:
 
   
December 31,
2020
   
December 31,
2019
 
Foreign Currency Forwards
          
Foreign currency forward purchases - US$
   1,011,403    618,497 
Foreign currency forward sales - US$
   978,794    620,956 
Foreign currency forward sales – Euros
   6,834    1,804 
Foreign currency forward purchases – Euros
   0    35 
   
Foreign currency forward - US$
   32,609    (2,459
Foreign currency forward - Euros
   6,834    1,769 
Interest rate risk
Structural interest risk (SIR) gathers the potential impact of market interest rate variations on the margin of interest and the equity value of BBVA Argentina.
The process to manage this risk has a limits and alerts structure to keep the exposure to this risk within levels that are consistent with the appetite for risk and the business strategy defined and approved by the Board of Directors.
Within the core metrics used for measurement,
follow-up
and control, the following stand out:
 
  
Margin at Risk (MaR): quantifies the maximum loss which may be recorded in the financial margin projected for 12 months under the worst case scenario of rate curves for a certain level of confidence.
 
  
Economic Capital (EC): quantifies the maximum loss which may be recorded in the economic value of the Group under the worst case scenario of rate curves for a certain level of confidence.
The Group additionally carries out an analysis of sensitivity of the economic value and the financial margin for parallel variations by +/- 100 basis points over interest rates.
The following table shows the sensitivity of the economic value (SEV), to +100 basis points variation presented as a proportion of Core Capital:
SEV +100 bps
 
   
December 31,
2020
  
December 31,
2019
 
Closing
   0.38  0.32
Minimum
   0.17  0.04
Maximum
   0.47  1.64
Average
   0.34  0.77
The following table shows the sensitivity of the financial margin (SFM), to
-100
basis points variation presented as a percentage of
12-month
forecast net interest income:
SFM
-100
bps
 
   
December 31,
2020
  
December 31,
2019
 
Closing
   0.92  0.82
Minimum
   0.56  0.58
Maximum
   0.92  2.20
Average
   0.81  1.48
Liquidity and financing risk
The liquidity risk is defined as the possibility of the Group not efficiently meeting its payment obligations without incurring significant losses which may affect its daily operations or its financial standing.
The short-term purpose of the liquidity and financing risk management process at BBVA Argentina is to timely and duly address payment commitments agreed, without resorting to additional funding deteriorating the Group’s reputation or significantly affecting its financial position, keeping the exposure to this risk within levels that are consistent with the appetite for risk and the business strategy defined and approved by the Board of Directors. In the medium and long term, to watch for the suitability of the financial structure of the Bank and its evolution, according to the economic situation, the markets and regulatory changes.
Within the core metrics used for measurement,
follow-up
and control of this risk, management considers the following to be most relevant:
LtSCD: (Loan to Stable Customers Deposits), measures the relationship between the net credit investment and the customers’ stable resources, and is set forth as the key metric of appetite for risk. The goal is to preserve a stable financing structure in the medium and long term.
LCR: (Liquidity Coverage Ratio), BBVA Argentina calculates the liquidity coverage coefficient daily by measuring the relation between high quality liquid assets and total net cash outflows during a
30-day
period.
Below is the LCR ratios:
 
   
December,
2020
  
December,
2019
 
LCR Closing
   321  413
Max
   354  525
Min
   292  410
Avg
   313  457
The following charts show the concentration of deposits as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:
 
   December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 
Number of customers
  Debt balance   % over total
portfolio
  Debt balance   % over total
portfolio
 
10 largest customers
   47,049,746    9.84  14,805,699    3.70
50 following largest customers
   40,204,538    8.41  23,185,601    5.79
100 following largest customers
   25,447,726    5.32  18,262,499    4.56
Rest of customers
   365,521,254    76.43  343,982,998    85.95
   
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
TOTAL
  
 
478,223,264
 
  
 
100.00
 
 
400,236,797
 
  
 
100.00
   
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
The following chart show the breakdown by contractual maturity of loans and advances, other financing and financial liabilities considering the total amounts to their due date, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:
 
   
Assets
(*)
   
Liabilities
 (*)
 
   
December 31,
2020
   
December 31,
2019
   
December 31,
2020
   
December 31,
2019
 
Up to 1 month
(**)
   141,716,796    135,797,587    473,165,815    415,394,814 
From more than 1 month to 3 month
   37,208,495    36,288,151    26,150,054    32,989,897 
From more than 3 month to 6 month
   30,735,275    19,850,272    31,502,743    11,823,481 
From more than 6 month to 12 month
   33,137,133    26,432,729    2,818,747    7,815,160 
From more than 12 month to 24 month
   33,794,545    37,925,667    2,142,351    1,595,696 
More than 24 months
   43,647,595    57,062,231    4,245,245    5,031,776 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
TOTAL
  
 
320,239,839
 
  
 
313,356,637
 
  
 
540,024,955
 
  
 
474,650,824
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
(*)
These figures includes expected interest amounts. For floating rate instruments such interest amounts were calculated using interest rate prevailing at the end of each period.
(**)
 
The Bank has liquid assets such as cash and cash equivalents (Note 8), reverse repurchase agreements (Note 10.4) and BCRA liquidity bills (Note 14.1), among others, to settle its liabilities.
Additionally, the Bank has issued financial guarantees and loan commitments which may require outflows on demand.
 
Financial guarantees and loan
commitments
  
December 31,
2020
   
December 31,
2019
 
Up to 1 month
   207,111,405    232,513,084 
From more than 1 month to 3 month
   700,808    2,756 
From more than 3 month to 6 month
   916,901    335,854 
From more than 6 month to 12 month
   2,816,669    164,735 
From more than 12 month to 24 month
   184,331    528,973 
More than 24 months
   635,499    375,240 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
TOTAL
  
 
212,365,613
 
  
 
233,920,642
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
The amounts of the Bank’s financial assets and liabilities, which are expected to be collected or paid twelve months after the closing date are set forth below:
 
   
December 31,
2020
   
December 31,
2019
 
Financial assets
          
Loans and advances
   77,442,142    94,987,898 
Debt securities
   28,562,761    239,102 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   106,004,903    95,227,000 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Financial liabilities
          
Other financial liabilities
   4,326,274    5,642,383 
Bank loans
   1,708,917    670,728 
Debt securities issued
   331,775    185,568 
Deposits
   20,630    128,793 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   6,387,596    6,627,472